Tesis sobre el tema "Material Flow Analysi"
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Stridh, Madeleine. "Material flow : An analysis of a production area for improved material flow". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-80193.
Texto completoHelber, Stefan. "Performance analysis of flow lines with non-linear flow of material /". Berlin : Springer, 1999. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=3540659544.
Texto completoKopec, Grant Michael. "Examining natural resource futures with material flow analysis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709409.
Texto completoAmneklev, Jennie. "Diffuse emissions from goods - influences on some societal end products". Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-46805.
Texto completoLow, Man-Shi. "Material flow analysis of concrete in the United States". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33030.
Texto completoMIT Rotch Library copy is in leaves.
Also issued in leaves.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-164).
Concrete is the second most consumed material in the world after water. Due to the sheer mass of concrete consumed annually and its associated resource and environmental impacts, improving the materials management of concrete consumption is a critical problem in the United States. It is increasingly evident that the society lacks knowledge of the collective material composition of the urban environment-of how we produce, consume and dispose of concrete. This thesis argues that the lack of informational linkages is driving the individual approaches of the construction industry, policy makers, environmental agencies and waste management industry, which results in the current segregated and government-subsidized material management. In order to identify opportunities for more effective materials management, this thesis performs the first comprehensive Material Flow Analysis for concrete in the United States for the year of 1996 to identify opportunities for more effective materials management. The dominant concrete products and the end-use categories in the United States are identified. The associated water, energy and fuel consumption and emissions produced are also incorporated. Five lifecycle stages are covered: (i) extraction of raw materials, (ii) cement manufacturing, (iii) production, (iv) use and (v) waste management of concrete. Two untapped material management opportunities are identified: minimizing water consumption during the extraction stage and the off-site production stage.
(cont.) In addition, three key observations are made: (i) the energy efficiency of the cement industry in the United States is close to saturation, (ii) product choice and concrete design are dominant factors for a more responsible materials consumption approach, and (iii) demand-side management is recommended as a more optimal approach than recycling in dealing with the current construction trends in the United States.
by Man-Shi Low.
S.M.
Danius, Lena. "Data uncertinties in material flow analysis.Local case study and literature survey". Licentiate thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1502.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to discuss and analyse the influenceof data uncertainties with regard to the reliability of materialflow analysis (MFA) studies. MFA, as a part of environmentalsystems analysis, is a method belonging to the research field ofindustrial ecology and more specifically industrial metabolism.As such, the method strives at giving a holistic view of thecomplex world we live in, in order to reduce negativeenvironmental impact. Among other things, MFA studies have beenproposed to be useful for priority setting and following up inmunicipalities.
Serving as a starting point is a local case study of flows ofnitrogen in a Swedish municipality, Västerås. The casestudy has been performed using the ComBoxmodel. The years studiedare 1995 and 1998. The main sectors in society emitting nitrogento water were identified as the agricultural and householdsectors. The dominating sectors emitting nitrogen to air wereidentified as the agricultural, transport and infrastructuresectors.
As a basis for discussing data uncertainties qualitatively andquantitatively a literature survey was performed. 50 articles andbooks were identified as in some way or another dealing with datauncertainties in MFA. The literature survey showed that theuncertainties for results from a MFA study might vary between±30 % and a factor 10 depending on what kind of parameter isinvestigated. Only one method was found that dealt with datauncertainties in MFA in a complete way; a model developed byHedbrant and Sörme (HS model).
When applying the HS model to the case study of nitrogen flowsin Västerås, it was found that when uncertaintyintervals were calculated the possible conclusions changed. Ofthe two pair of flows compared in relation to priority setting,none of the earlier conclusions remained. Of the three flowsanalysed in relation to following up, only the flow from onepoint source supported the same conclusion when uncertainty wasconsidered.
In all, it is concluded that data uncertainties in MFAanalysis are an important aspect and that further research isneeded in order to improve input data quality estimations andframeworks for determining, calculating and presenting data, datauncertainties and results from MFA studies. However, theunderlying reality remains, e.g. that management of materialflows are important for understanding and reducing the negativeenvironmental impact. Thus, MFA is one useful tool in thiswork.
Keywords:data uncertainties, sensitivity analysis,Material flow analysis, MFA, method to determine datauncertainties, case study, ComBox model, nitrogenflows.
Schleyer, Marc. "Discrete time analysis of batch processes in material flow systems". Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://www.uvka.de/univerlag/volltexte/2007/243/.
Texto completoYaramadi, Dehnavi Pouya. "Global cycle of gallium production, use and potential recycling". Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171838.
Texto completoAbou-Zeida, Essam Mahrous. "Flow Characteristics and Stress Analysis of Bulk Materials in Silos /". The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487931993466818.
Texto completoMaruchi, Andréa Keller. "Fracionamento de fósforo em plantas empregando diferentes procedimentos de preparo de amostras e sistemas de análise em fluxo monossegmentado". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-16112006-110659/.
Texto completoIn this work, different sample treatment procedures were evaluated for fractionation of phosphorous in plant material (determination of organic and inorganic, soluble and insoluble fractions). The evaluated procedures aimed the conversion of different fractions in ortophosphate, minimizing time, reagent amounts and waste generation. It was developed a monosegmented flow system using discrete commutators (solenoid valves) to control the insertion of air bubbles, samples and reagents. For the determination of phosphate, it was used the reaction of molibdenium blue formation, using ammonium molibdate and ascorbic acid as reagents. Linear response was observed within 0.50 and 25.0 mg L-1 P, described by the equation A = 0.0402 + 0.0377C (mg L-1 P), r = 0.999 for solutions prepared in water. The sensitivity decreased about 8 and 22 % for reference solutions in 0.35 mol L-1 and 0.70 mol L-1 HNO3, respectively. Detection limit of 0.024 mg L-1 P (99.7% confidence level), coefficient of variation of 3.5% (n = 10) and sampling rate of 38 measurements per hour were estimated. The reagent consumption was 5.0 mg ascorbic acid and 0.60 mg ammonium molibdate per determination. The flow system was less prone to matrix effects and perturbations by Schlieren effect, both caused by variations of acidity in the samples. The system was applied to fractionation of phosphorous in a plant used as green manure (Crotalaria juncea). Several procedures for phosphorous extraction were evaluated, such as mechanic agitation using water or diluted nitric acid as extractor (extraction of soluble phosphorous), photodegradation of organic soluble phosphorous in acid medium and acid digestion assisted by microwaves (determination of total phosphorous and organic phosphorous). For determination of total phosphorous, procedures using different mass of plant material, different concentrations of HNO3 concentrated and addiction of H2O2 as auxiliary oxidant were evaluated. Good results were obtained using 100 mg of plant material and 500 µL HNO3, not being necessary the addiction of H
Kim, Junil. "Computer modelling and analysis of anisotropic material flow in compression molding of short-fiber-reinforced composite material /". The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu148768114854067.
Texto completoLey, J. D. "An environmental and material flow analysis of the UK steel construction sector". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504959.
Texto completoPalm, Viveka. "Material flow analyses in technosphere and biosphere – metals, natural resources and chemical products". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3318.
Texto completoEisenmenger, Nina, Dominik Wiedenhofer, Anke Schaffartzik, Stefan Giljum, Martin Bruckner, Heinz Schandl, Thomas Wiedmann, Manfred Lenzen, Arnold Tukker y de Koning Arjan. "Consumption-based material flow indicators - Comparing six ways of calculating the Austrian raw material consumption providing six results". Elsevier, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6684/1/ECOLEC.pdf.
Texto completoWutyi, Naing. "Anthropogenic Waste Management Using Material Flow Analysis Under Data Limited Conditions in Mandalay, Myanmar". Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244540.
Texto completode, Macedo Soares Pires Condeixa Karina. "Material Flow Analysis and environmental impacts assessment of the construction sector in Brazil". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454715.
Texto completoEl amplio uso de materiales en los edificios contribuye a la escasez de recursos naturales y al vertido de residuos en el medio ambiente. El Análisis del Flujo de Materiales (MFA) se ha utilizado como una herramienta para lograr la desmaterialización y la sostenibilidad de los edificios existentes. Esta tesis se organiza en tres capitulos principales. El primer capítulo presenta una revisión bibliográfica y un análisis bibliométrico para apoyar el uso sistemático del MFA. El segundo capítulo propone un método basado en el MFA para modelar la población de los edificios residenciales en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, y el flujo de materiales y de residuos, con el fin de caracterizar el stock de edificios. El tercer capítulo introcuce el uso combinado de las metodologías de Análisis de ciclo de Vida y MFA para modelar los flujos residuales de la población de edificios y para evaluar sus impactos. En resumen, esta tesis explora las variantes de la metodología de Análisis de Flujo de Materiales y promueve un amplio análisis de los edificios y de los impactos del ciclo de vida de los flujos de residuos.
The extensive use of materials in buildins stocks contributes to the scarcity of natural resources and waste disposal on the environment. Material Flow Analysis (MFA) has been used as a tool to achieve dematerialization and sustainability of buildings stocks. This thesis is organized in three main chapters. The first chapter presents a literature review and a bibliometric analysis for supprting the systematic use of MFA. The second chapter proposes a method based on MFA to model the residential building stock in the city of Rio de Janeiro and their material and waste flows, in order to characterize the stock. The third chapter introduces the combinated use if MFA and Life Cycle Assessment methodologies to model waste flows from a building stock and to assess its life cycle impacts. In summary, this Thesis explores the variants of the MFA and promotes a broadly analysis of a building stocks and life cycle impacts from waste flows.
Gustavsson, Styrbjörn y Mikael Öberg. "Transportation flow analysis in a centralised supply chain at Toyota Material Handling Europe". Thesis, Linköping University, Communications and Transport Systems, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-58801.
Texto completoThis report is the result of a Master Thesis written at Toyota Material Handling Europe (TMHE), with the purpose to map the existing spare part supply chain structure and to analyse future suggested supply chain structures with a focus on transportation flows.
TMHE is one of the world’s largest producing forklift distributers with large market shares throughout Europe. Besides the main activity of forklifts the aftermarket of distributing spare parts is a major business. With a current decentralised supply chain, the Future Logistic Concept (FLC) project was established to analyse the possibilities of a more centralised European supply chain.
While earlier analyses within the FLC have been focusing on the customer market, this thesis aims towards completing with analyses on the opposite side of the supply chain. It will present an aggregated view over a possible FLC supply chain setup with focus on suppliers, replenishment flows and usage of express transportation solutions.
An analysis was performed based on supplier localisation and historically delivered tonnages. To be able to analyse the replenishment flows between European Distribution Centre (EDC) and Regional Distribution Centres (RDC), an inventory control and transportation model was developed. The model calculates costs for inventory holding, replenishment flows and express flows and optimises the relationships between these controlling variables. This makes it possible to analyse the transportation flows in a specified set of possible supply chain structures.
The results of the localisation analyses based on suppliers, show that the central part of the supply chain should be located in the northern parts of central Europe. To be able to minimise the supplier inflow facilities should be established in Mjölby and Ancenis. A warehouse in Eastern Europe is probably necessary to be able to keep customer lead times at an acceptable level, but from a supply point of view this location is not supported due to the low amount of Easter European suppliers.
The results from the model suggests a supply chain structure with a central distribution centre in Antwerp, Belgium (Scenario 2 in the analysis) and regional warehouses in Sweden, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy and the Czech Republic.
Schleyer, Marc [Verfasser]. "Discrete time analysis of batch processes in material flow systems / von Marc Schleyer". Karlsruhe : Univ.-Verl. Karlsruhe, 2007. http://d-nb.info/985217022/34.
Texto completoGeorgeou, Zacharias. "Analysis of material flow around a retractable pin in a friction stir weld". Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/196.
Texto completoJakrawatana, Napat Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "An integrated decision support tool for more sustainable management of biomass resources in agricultural regions". Awarded By:University of New South Wales. Civil & Environmental Engineering, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44547.
Texto completoMimbacas, Rodriguez Alicia Filomena. "Caracterização do consumo domestico de materiais da cidade de Montevidéu mediante análise de fluxos de materiais". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/105017.
Texto completoCities can be defined as open systems that are highly dependent on their environment for the provision of natural resources and waste disposal. Although cities only cover 2% of the surface of the earth, they consume 75% of its resources. Currently, 50% of the world population lives in cities and it is estimated that this number will rise to 70% in the year 2050. This phenomenon is remarkable in Latin America. While in 1970 its urban population was 57%, it is expected to climb to 81% by 2025. In this context, Uruguay is the country of Latin America that present the higher rate of urban population: 93% (year 2010). The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) (an evaluation methodology from the field of ecological economics) has not been contemplated on regional planning and urban management. However, it is argued that these approaches can enlighten the development of more sustainable cities contributing to the definition of environmental public policy. The aim of this work is to quantify the domestic consumption of materials (fossils, minerals and biomass) for the city of Montevideo, Uruguay for the years 2006 and 2009. At this point, the main barriers are the lack of agreed on regional implementation methodologies and the difficulty with data acquisition. The methodological guide to be used is the one defined by Eurostat, applied nationally for several years by the greatest OECD economies. The paper proposes a weighting strategy that allows the passage from a national scale to an urban one.The results obtained for the period of time analized show an increase in consumption of materials and energy. For instance, the consumption of non-renewable sources reached 80% for the year of2009. On this period, the construction industry was responsible for the 50% of the total consumption. This diagnosis let us perceive the paths to follow in order to reduce the intensity of the use of materials and energy, wich is imperative to create a balanced relationship between socioeconomic systems and the environment. The DMC of Montevideo is a tool in the process, which can be improved in future works. The main difficulty of this work was to reconcile the different criteria of classification of materials from EUROSTAT methodology with national databases.
Eaton, Frank Joseph. "A multigrid preconditioner for two-phase flow in porous media". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3036595.
Texto completoMes, Eduardus Petrus Cornelis. "Thermal Field-Flow Fractionation of polymeric and particulate materials: applications and fundamental aspects". [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2002. http://dare.uva.nl/document/66330.
Texto completoRashedul, Hoque Mohammad. "Resource metabolism of the construction sector An application of material and exergy flow analysis". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125974.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to assess the resource consumption of the construction sector, and the wastes and emissions generated by the sector. This is motivated by the fact that the construction sector is responsible for large amounts of resource consumption and represents nearly 9% gross value added to the world’s gross domestic product. The assessment considers the life cycle perspective from raw material extraction, through construction product manufacturing, material transport, construction and demolition waste generation, to waste transport, treatment, and final disposal. The aim is to pinpoint the opportunities for improved material selection criteria, processing, reuse, and recycling for sustainable resource use. Due to the system complexity of buildings and infrastructure, composed of many interacting components, it is always challenging to undertake an accurate resource accounting within this sector. In this perspective, the concepts of material flow analysis (MFA), life cycle assessment (LCA), and exergy analysis (ExA) are discussed as resource accounting tools focusing on their applications in the construction sector. Apart from sectoral analysis, this thesis also analyzes the efficiency of manufacturing processes and products’ complete life cycle based on exergy. All the processes and products selected are relevant for the construction sector, and this analysis aims to provide deper insights into sectoral material use. Chapter 1 details the theoretical framework under which exergy and material flow analyses are used in assessing the resource metabolism of the construction sector highlighting the importance of this sector in terms of resource flows, and generation of waste and emissions. This chapter also introduces the exergy efficiency and exergetic life cycle assessment (ELCA) tools, explaining the limitations of energy analysis and LCA, and how the application of these exergy-based methods can provide better insights into resource use efficiency in manufacturing processes and throughout the products’ life, respectively. Industrial ecology (IE) is presented to introduce the systems-based approach and thermodynamic framework on which of the construction sector is analyzed in this study. Chapter 2 presents the results of material and exergy flow analyses of the Catalan construction sector for the year 2001. In 2001, Catalonia had an additional 52 million tonnes of material stock to the sector and generated 7 million tonnes of construction and demolition waste (CDW) of which only 6.5% were recycled or reclaimed. The study shows that manufacturing stage consumes the largest fraction of energy resources during the products’ whole lifecycle followed by material transport, accounting for 57% and 4% of exergy use, respectively. It is pointed out that improvement in material selection, manufacturing technologies, and design for disassembly lead to sustainability of the sector delivering improved resource use efficiency. In chapter 3, the exergetic efficiency of the production processes, both primary and secondary (recycling) production process, of construction materials is calculated in order to assess material quality, exergy losses, and process improvement potentials. This serves to quantify the improvement potentials for present manufacturing processes addressing the manufacturing inefficiencies of nine major non-renewable construction materials: aluminum, steel, copper, cement, concrete, ceramic, glass, polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Exergy efficiency based on the second law of thermodynamics is determined in order to compare the theoretical exergy efficiency and the real-process exergy efficiency. The large difference between theoretical and empirical exergy requirements in manufacturing processes suggests that opportunities for better industrial exergy utilization still exist but require design and/or technology improvements. The results demonstrate that resources are utilized more efficiently in recycling processes compared to primary manufacturing processes. This thesis has presented an effort (chapter 4) to pinpoint how efficiently resources are used in the construction applications, using exergetic life cycle assessment methodology in a cradle-to-grave life cycle approach. This included raw material extraction, resin manufacturing, and end-of-life waste management life-cycle stages. The irreversibility during the complete life cycle allows to evaluate the degree of thermodynamic perfection of the production processes and to conduct the assessment of the whole process chain. Overall life cycle exergy efficiency of PP and PVC is quantified 27.1% and 9.3%, respectively, characterized by a low efficiency of manufacturing and recycling processes for both materials. From resource conservation point of view, mechanical recycling has been suggested as the viable option for end-of-life plastic waste management, since it loops materials back directly into new life cycle and reduces primary resource inputs in the production.
Andersson, Emil. "Material Flow and Stakeholder Analysis for a Transfer & Recycling Station in Gaborone, Botswana". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110228.
Texto completoAfzal, Muhammed Raheel. "Material flow analysis & life cycle assessment of critical alloys in the steel industry". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/18912/.
Texto completoWan, Yen-Tai. "Material transport system design in manufacturing". Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006, 2006. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03282006-231022/.
Texto completoDr. Yih-Long Chang, Committee Member ; Dr. Martin Savelsbergh, Committee Member ; Dr. Leon McGinnis, Committee Co-Chair ; Dr. Gunter Sharp, Committee Chair ; Dr. Doug Bodner, Committee Member ; Dr. Joel Sokol, Committee Member.
Piñero, P. (Pablo). "The metabolism of socio-economic systems:combination of input-output analysis and material flow accounting for footprint-type indicators". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526224848.
Texto completoTiivistelmä Tässä työssä tutkittiin innovatiivisia tapoja, joilla voitaisiin parantaa materiaalijalanjälki -tyyppisten indikaattoreiden käytettävyyttä panos-tuotos (Input-Output, IO) -analyysissa, kun niitä sovelletaan Materiaalivirta-analyysi (Material Flow Accounting, MFA) -metodiin. Seuraaviin tutkimuskysymyksiin haettiin vastauksia: 1) Mikä on sektorien yhdistämisen potentiaalinen vaikutus raaka-ainevirtojen IO-mallintamisessa ja miten poikkeamia voidaan estää? Tämän puitteissa tarkasteltiin mallinnusvirheitä, jotka johtuvat erilaisten toimialojen yhdistämisistä yhdeksi sektoriksi. 2) Voivatko alhaalta ylöspäin suuntautuvat lähestymistavat, kuten elinkaariarviointi parantaa tuotteisiin sisältyvien raaka-ainevirtojen arviointia? ja 3) Mitä vaikutuksia on laajan maantieteellisen kattavuuden IO-malleihin sisältyvien maakohtaisten tietojen yhdistämisestä LCA-pohjaisiin lähestymistapoihin, kun tavoitteena on laskea tuotteisiin sisältyviä raaka-ainemääriä? Tämän tutkimista varten kehitettiin lähestymistapa, joka yhdisti maakohtaiset tuotantosuunnitelmat ja elinkaariarvioinnin. Tämä lähestymistapa osoittautui hyödylliseksi tarkentamalla arvioita tuotteissa olevista raaka-aineista, vaikkakin sen soveltaminen edellyttää varovaisuutta, koska uusia vääristymiä voi syntyä. 4) Voidaanko uusia näkökulmia löytää uudella arvonlisäykseen perustuvalla allokointimenetelmällä, joka jakaa raaka-aineen louhinnan kullekin toimintaketjun osallistuvalle taloudelliselle toimijalle lisäarvon tuotannon mukaan? Tämän uuden kirjanpitomenetelmän mukaan jotkut maat ja alat ovat materiaali-intensiivisempiä kuin niitä on pidetty kulutuksen jalanjälkiallokointimenetelmien perusteella. 5) Onko korkean tulotason talouksien ja keskitasoiselle ja alhaiselle tulotasolle asettuvien maiden välillä epätasaisia vaihtoja, kun raaka-ainekulutusta ja arvonlisäystä mitataan? ja 6) Voisiko paikallisten ja globaalien IO-tietojen integrointi antaa hyödyllisiä näkökulmia tutkimukseen, joka tarkastelee epätasaisen aineenvaihdon esiintymistä tai puuttumista alueellisella tasolla? Materiaalivirtojen tutkiminen kansainvälisellä ja kansallisella tasolla, jossa yhdistettiin IO-tietokannat erilaisella maantieteellisellä resoluutiolla osoitti, että alueellisella taloudella voi olla kaksoisrooli sekä raaka-aineiden että arvonlisäyksen lähteenä tai nieluna riippuen sen asemasta globaalissa taloushierarkiassa
Dunauskas, Simas. "Material Flow Analysis in the long and short term : Gaborone Transfer and Recycling Station (GTARS)". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Miljöförändring, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-113561.
Texto completoGaborone Transfer and Recycling Station (GTARS)
Lutter, Franz Stephan, Stefan Giljum y Martin Bruckner. "A review and comparative assessment of existing approaches to calculate material footprints". Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.03.012.
Texto completoHeaton, Mark Edwin. "A laser-machined MEMS axial flow turbine : design, fabrication, testing and materials analysis". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/13174.
Texto completoKapusta, Vladimír. "Tvorba logistické koncepce ve vybrané firmě". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318629.
Texto completoMlunga, Lydia. "Material flow analysis of wood fuel in small urban areas : the case of Tsumeb Namibia". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20080.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The current ways in which the human population continues to utilise natural resources in order to satisfy their lifestyle remains unsustainable. One such activity is the use of biomass resources mainly for cooking, heating and boiling water which sustains an estimated 2.4 billion people living in developing countries. Biomass not only is the fourth largest energy source after coal, oil and natural gas, but it is currently the largest renewable energy option and yet it has received minimal attention especially from current energy debates in developing countries. Literature shows cases of cities that remain ‘uncertain’ of their development agendas (regarding energy). The uncertainty is a result of most cities relying heavily on fossil fuel which is in most cases imported which minimises the possibilities of cities to come up with sustainable energy projects. As cities continue to grow the supply of this unsustainable energy puts cities in an uncertain position regarding the future energy sources of their cities. There are cities that have now realised the importance of understanding the flow of wood fuels in order to put in measures that can help manage the resource better. Most of them use a GIS-based tool, Wood fuel Integrated Supply Demand Overview Mapping Model (WISDOM) which was developed to analyse the wood fuel supply and demand spatial patterns. Tsumeb is currently also moving in an ‘uncertain’ direction especially when it comes to the energy needs of the town characterised by high electricity tariffs, increased population leading to clearing of land, high unemployment rate and distorted priorities (of the municipality). The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) of wood fuels in Tsumeb is highly dominated by the informal sector. It remains unregulated and no attempt has been made to determine the household energy flow. This study is the first attempt to determine the flow of this very important household energy resource used more especially in winter. The survey revealed that firewood is used to prepare one to two meals a day especially in the townships where the households opt to consume one meal a day. Some consumers collect their own firewood and often have to purchase wood fuels to meet their individual needs. The wood fuel retailers that were surveyed in the study obtain their wood fuels from local commercial farmers and use charcoal produced both in Namibia and South African. The commercial farmers also form part of the informal sector as they supply some of the informal suppliers and consumers. Some informal suppliers resort to open forests located far from their homes, putting a lot of strain on the transport mechanisms. In order to ensure a sustainable supply of household energy in Tsumeb, It is inevitable that a new paradigm is needed in the current planning and development process of the town. Therefore for an effective implementation of policies aimed at developing wood fuels, local conditions as well as the local wood fuel flows must be understood, grassroots initiatives need to be built and community participation should be encouraged in order to get a collective approach to issues that concerns and threatens their livelihoods.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wyse waarop die mensdom natuurlike hulpbronne aanwend om aan die eise van hul leefstyl te voldoen, bly onvolhoubaar. Een sodanige aktiwiteit is die gebruik van biomassahulpbronne, hoofsaaklik vir kosvoorbereiding en ruimte- en waterverhitting. Biomassahulpbronne onderhou geraamde 2,4 miljard inwoners van ontwikkelende lande. Dit is nie net die grootste energiebron naas steenkool, olie en aardgas nie, maar is ook tans die belowendste bron van hernubare energie. Tog ontvang dit weinig aandag. Hoewel literatuur steeds merendeels oor gevalle handel wat ‘onseker’ is oor hul ontwikkelingsagendas, is daar tóg diegene wat uiteindelik besef hoe belangrik dit is om die vloei van houtbrandstof te begryp ten einde maatreëls te tref om dié hulpbron beter te bestuur. Die meeste van hierdie lande gebruik GIS-gebaseerde instrument, naamlik die WISDOM-model (“Wood-fuel Integrated Supply Demand Overview Mapping”), wat ontwikkel is om die ruimtelike patrone van houtbrandstofvraag en -aanbod te ontleed. Die Namibiese stad Tsumeb is een van die ‘onsekeres’, veral wat sy energiebehoeftes betref, en word gekenmerk deur hoë elektrisiteitstariewe, groeiende bevolking wat al hoe meer ontbossing tot gevolg het, hoë werkloosheidsyfers en verwronge prioriteite. Die materiaalvloeiontleding wat in hierdie studie met betrekking tot die houtbrandstof in Tsumeb onderneem is, word in groot mate deur die informele sektor oorheers. Hoewel die gebruik van houtbrandstof steeds ongereguleerd is, is geen poging tot dusver aangewend om die vloei van dié uiters belangrike huishoudelike energiebron, wat veral in die wintermaande gebruik word, te bepaal nie. Die opname het getoon dat brandhout gebruik word om een tot twee maaltye per dag te berei, veral in die townships waar die huishoudings meestal een keer per dag eet. Party verbruikers maak hulle eie brandhout bymekaar, maar moet steeds bykomende hout koop om in ál hulle behoeftes te voorsien. Die houtbrandstofhandelaars wat aan die opname deelgeneem het, bekom hul houtbrandstof van plaaslike kommersiële boere en van Namibiese sowel as Suid-Afrikaanse houtskoolverskaffers. Die kommersiële boere maak ook deel uit van die informele sektor, aangesien hulle sommige informele verskaffers en verbruikers van brandstof voorsien. Van die informele verskaffers wend hulle tot die plaaslike oop woud wat ver van hulle huise geleë is, en plaas sodoende heelwat druk op vervoerstelsels. Die enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowel Die enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowelDie enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowel Die enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowel as die plaaslike vloei van houtbrandstof dus beter begryp word; moet inisiatiewe op voetsoolvlak tot stand gebring word, en moet gemeenskapsdeelname aangemoedig word. Sodoende sal die mense van Tsumeb – huishoudings, owerhede én ondernemings – gesamentlik kan reageer op kwessies wat hul bestaan beïnvloed en bedreig.
Hoekman, Paul. "Urban-scale material flow analysis in a South African context: a Cape Town feasibility study". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15499.
Texto completoBruckner, Martin, Günther Fischer, Sylvia Tramberend y Stefan Giljum. "Measuring telecouplings in the global land system: A review and comparative evaluation of land footprint accounting methods". Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.03.008.
Texto completoSikdar, Kieran Jonah. "Material Flow Optimization And Systems Analysis For Biosolids Management: A Study Of The City Of Columbus Municipal Operations". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1218074193.
Texto completoStewart, Andrew L. "Measurement and Analysis of Flow in 3D Preforms for Aerospace Composites". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23510.
Texto completoKetcham, Jerod W. "Design, build and test of an axial flow hydrokinetic turbine with fatigue analysis". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/4943.
Texto completoApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
OpenProp is an open source propeller and turbine design and analysis code that has been in development since 2007 by MIT graduate students under the supervision of Professor Richard Kimball. In order to test the performance predictions of OpenProp for axial flow hydrokinetic turbines, a test fixture was designed and constructed, and a model scale turbine was tested. Tests were conducted in the MIT water tunnel for tip speed ratios ranging from 1.55 to 7.73. Additional code was also written and added to OpenProp in order to implement ABS steel vessels rules for propellers and calculate blade stress. The blade stress code was used to conduct a fatigue analysis for a model scale propeller using a quasi-steady approach. Turbine test results showed that OpenProp provides good performance predictions for the ondesign operational condition but that further work is needed to improve performance predictions for the off-design operational condition. Fatigue analysis results show that reasonable estimates of propeller blade fatigue life can be obtained using a relatively simple method.
Thorpe, Ryan. "High throughput flip chip assembly process and reliability analysis using no-flow underfill materials". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17514.
Texto completoDeibler, Lisa A. "Viscosity effects on the flow and fracture of metallic glasses and other viscous materials". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1301498533.
Texto completoZetterström, Filippa y Niklas Ek. "Lead time analysis from order to delivery : A study of lead time in the material flow and the information flow for the aftermarket at Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119670.
Texto completoKijak, Anna M. "Analytical Preconcentration Systems Based on Nanostructured Materials". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1049915571.
Texto completoOlsson, Johanna. "Fuel dispersion and bubble flow distribution in fluidized beds". Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Ingenjörshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-3580.
Texto completoRini, Pietro. "Analysis of differential diffusion phenomena in high enthalpy flows, with application to thermal protection material testing in ICP facilities". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210893.
Texto completoFirstly, we analyze the influence of elemental fraction variations on the computation of thermochemical equilibrium flows for both air and carbon dioxide mixtures. To this end, the equilibrium computations are compared with several chemical regimes to better analyze the influence of chemistry on wall heat flux and to observe the elemental fractions behavior along a stagnation line. The results of several computations are presented to highlight the effects of elemental demixing on the stagnation point heat flux and chemical equilibrium composition for air and carbon dioxide mixtures. Moreover, in the chemical nonequilibrium computations, the characteristic time of chemistry is artificially decreased and in the limit the chemical equilibrium regime, with variable elemental fractions, is achieved. Then, we apply the closed form of the equations governing the behavior of local thermodynamic equilibrium flows, accounting for the variation in local elemental concentrations in a rigorous manner, to simulate heat and mass transfer in CO2/N2 mixtures. This allows for the analysis of the boundary layer near the stagnation point of a hypersonic vehicle entering the true Martian atmosphere. The results obtained using this formulation are compared with those obtained using a previous form of the equations where the diffusive fluxes of elements are computed as a linear combination of the species diffusive fluxes. This not only validates the new formulation but also highlights its advantages with respect to the previous one :by using and analyzing the full set of equilibrium transport coefficients we arrive at a deep understanding of the mass and heat transfer for a CO2/N2 mixture.
Secondly, we present and analyze detailed numerical simulations of high-pressure inductively coupled air plasma flows both in the torch and in the test chamber using two different mathematical formulations: an extended chemical non-equilibrium formalism including finite rate chemistry and a form of the equations valid in the limit of local thermodynamic equilibrium and accounting for the demixing of chemical elements. Simulations at various operating pressures indicate that significant demixing of oxygen and nitrogen occurs, regardless of the degree of nonequilibrium in the plasma. As the operating pressure is increased, chemistry becomes increasingly fast and the nonequilibrium results correctly approach the results obtained assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium, supporting the validity of the proposed local equilibrium formulation. A similar analysis is conducted for CO2 plasma flows, showing the importance of elemental diffusion on the plasma behavior in the VKI plasmatron torch.
Thirdly, the extension of numerical tools developed at the von Karman Institute, required within the methodology for the determination of catalycity properties for thermal protection system materials, has been completed for CO2 flows. Non equilibrium stagnation line computations have been performed for several outer edge conditions in order to analyze the influence of the chemical models for bulk reactions. Moreover, wall surface reactions have been examined, and the importance of several recombination processes has been discussed. This analysis has revealed the limits of the model currently used, leading to the proposal of an alternative approach for the description of the flow-surface interaction. Finally the effects of outer edge elemental fractions on the heat flux map is analyzed, showing the need to add them to the list of parameters of the methodology currently used to determine catalycity properties of thermal protection materials.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lee, Chien-Hui y 李健暉. "Material Flow Analysis of Petrochemical Industry in Taiwan". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37379166627906614365.
Texto completo中原大學
國際貿易研究所
98
Petrochemical industry is an important basic industry for nations which is also capital and energy intensive industry. It has a deep and wide industrial connections from petroleum and gas refinery, chemical materials, man-made fiber, clothing, plastic, synthetic rubber, fertilizer, cleaner, and other industries. The important relationships cover almost consumer products including clothing, food, living transportation, exercise, and leisure that in turn have a greater impact on macroeconomics. Comparing to other industries, petrochemical industry uses more energy and creates more pollution. As a result, how to use resources more effective, to reduce the resource consumption, and to increase resource recycling, and to reduce waste pollution become an important topic. This research is based on the production and energy consumption of Taiwan’s petrochemical materials to understand the current usage of petrochemical resources and energy through material flow analysis. This research use the industrial eco model built by Graedel and Allenby in 1995 and modify the model into five stages of petrochemical eco model and refer to the graphics, symbols, and calculate formula in “The Taiwan Petrochemical Industry Eco Research”done by Chang Tze Hui in 2002. That research included upstream material management stage, midstream material management stage, downstream material management stage, consumption stage, and resource recycling stage. Finally, this research conduct three contexts of material flow analysis to compare the differences in regression result under different contexts and to explore the reasons. Besides, this research conduct life cycle assessment of petrochemical industry an compare it with material flow analysis. This research found that the analysis use an ethylene equivalent yield is better than others. Due to the common units of measurement reduce the duplication of opportunity. The material flow analysis and life cycle assessment resource are similar and their trends in graph are the same too.
He, Guan-Huang y 何冠篁. "Material flow Analysis of Energy utilization Incorporating Input-Output Analysis". Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04933430436325706913.
Texto completo國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
97
The major subject is programing and applicable via the material flow input and output analyze structure for energy exploitation in Taiwan.First,to correct the material flow and up-date the database.And the point of discussing in energy input.Second,to estimate the energy input via the material flow and input-output analysis at all departments in Taiwan. To combine the environmentally extended table and energy balance sheet to measure the output of pollutant. And then,to extend the conception of biomass conversion account the renewable energy materials. Final,to categorize the material flow and economic index appear the relation with energy input and national income. The reserch found the most output is industrial department of a million unit. It nearly discharge 91 metric tons of Domestic Process Output (DPO).The most output is industrial department of 107 kilocalories.It nearly discharge 14 metric tons of Domestic Process Output (DPO).Until 2007,the renewable energy materials appear slowly raise. In 2007, it nearly discharges 9 million metric tons of the renewable energy about 1% of TMR. This research gathers together the indicator of material flow (DMI) and economic development (GDP).They are positive relation.
Wang, Yi-Shin y 王怡心. "The research of uncertainty analysis methods for material flow analysis". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9w8gwb.
Texto completo國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
106
Material flow analysis (MFA) is a one of the methods that depict and assess the flows and stocks of materials in the anthroposphere and the environment for sustainable environmental management. However, MFA results may contain uncertainties arising from the investigation method, calculation processes, data quality, data sources, or research assumptions. Uncertainty has already become an important consideration in material management; for example, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) has prompted research discussions related to the uncertainty in databases, investigative periods and characteristic factors. Thus, the uncertainty in the MFA is increasingly important to policy makers coping with resources management issues. However, few studies have addressed the uncertainty in the MFA. Moreover, material management issues are not limited to pollution problems that gain much attention from environmental management fields in recent year. The material management stress may come from low resource use efficiency or huge resource consumption. Thus, it is necessary to establish the procedure of combining material management and policy instituted process for strategy-making on environmental management. This research contains two main objectives. The first objective is to perform uncertainty analysis on the data sets of different materials in the MFA by using two important uncertainty analysis methods, i.e. the Hedbrant and Sӧrme (HS) method and the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method, and the analytical results of the two methods are compared. The second objective is to explore materials management strategies for providing suggestions on sustainable environmental management, in which the procedure of combining material management with policy instituted process is established and an integrated material management policy of phosphorus, nitrogen, copper, cement and lead is made. The research results are presented in two parts: the comparative results of the two uncertainty methods implemented in the MFA methodology; and the suggestions on material management policy. The uncertainty analysis results of the HS method and the MC simulation show that uncertainty range and likely values of flow data can vary considerably. After analyzing the relationship among the uncertainty range, flow data and likely values, which can be derived from the comparisons among the calculation processes of each method, the results of uncertainty analyses show that the HS method may greatly deviate from those of the MC simulation. Under this scenario, the MC simulation needs to analyze the uncertainty in the MFA, although it requires great efforts. For understanding the uncertainty range more precisely, it is suggested to identify the sensitive factor or flow based on uncertainty results. The results of material management policy indicate that the policy instituted process can also be presented right after the procedure of material management is established. This research adopts the concept of LCA to present the material management policy in every process. Furthermore, this research suggests that these management strategies should be divided into short-, medium- and long-term ones for the purpose of easier implementation. Finally, this research also adopts cement as a case study to compare the policy-decision results by quantifying the uncertainty range of its material flow. The results indicate that policy decisions can be made more adequately when both uncertainty range and likely values are considered. This research not only discusses uncertainty issues in the material flow analysis field but also extends the research area to resources management issues. The research results provide new insights and recommendations for further studies on material flow analysis, environmental management and resources management.
Liu, Nydia y 劉小君. "Key Component Material Flow Analysis for Notebook Computer Factories". Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84891026131878473476.
Texto completo國立清華大學
工業工程與工程管理學系
90
The purposes of this research include 1) establishing a performance index system for analysis of key components material flow and material moving line; 2) analyzing the material flow efficiency for notebook computer manufacturing plants; and 3) thus providing specific improvement recommendation to the factory. The research used 4 major notebook computer factories in Taiwan as the target for study. LCD is used as the key component under study. Contribution of this study include: 1) Establishing key component flow performance index module; 2) Benchmarking performance for the participating plants; 3) Conducting inefficiency analysis; and 4) Providing feedback recommendations to the plants, 5) Study material moving line on target plant for establishing .material moving line planning model and providing improving commendation.
Akinsulie, Opeyemi Olaleye. "Material flow analysis on a landfill site in Johannesburg". Thesis, 2016. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25785.
Texto completoThe purpose of this study is the demonstration of the effectiveness of material flow analysis (MFA) for decision making in waste management in achieving an integrated solid waste management system. Solid waste generation is a universal human activity. The increase in the scale of economic activities in developing areas has led to a significant increase in the volume of waste generated. The eco-system has a limited capacity for waste absorption; hence inappropriately managed solid waste tends to cause health risks to humans and is associated with ecological degradation. This study analysed the material flows of the municipal solid waste deposited at Robinson Deep landfill situated in the City of Johannesburg (CoJ). Material flow analysis is the tool adopted in providing a holistic characterization of the municipal solid waste and also used as a means of generating optimized management solutions. MFA is based on mass balance principle which states that mass can neither be created nor destroyed. Mathematical modelling and simulations are carried out as the tool to performing the material flow analysis. A situational model (status- quo) which is the actual flow of materials through the landfill site was developed and compared to four scenarios developed in order to evaluate the performance of the waste management system regarding the waste management goals. The scenarios developed showed that they all comply much better with the waste management goals as compared to the status quo. Scenarios 4, comprising a mechanical biological treatment facility and a waste to energy technology and scenario 2 which ensures that all recyclable materials are recovered before landfilling showed to be the favourable options which significantly divert most of the hazardous and valuable materials to the appropriate sinks and recycling processes. Scenario 2 however ensures a more sustainable approach overall but it is an extensive approach. The cost implication of both scenarios are however high. This study was able to show that with the use of MFA, the sources of waste generation, composition of waste deposited on the landfill and the ratio of recycling and total volume of waste diverted from being landfilled can be tracked. This study however recommends further research in tracking the municipal solid waste right from the point generation to the point it is landfilled or recycled using MFA for the whole City of Johannesburg.
MT 2018
Reddy, Katha Anki. "Analysis Of Dense Sheared Granular Flows". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/1035.
Texto completo