Artículos de revistas: "Marine light"

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Clokie, Martha R. J. y Nicholas H. Mann. "Marine cyanophages and light". Environmental Microbiology 8, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2006): 2074–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01171.x.

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Enríquez, Susana, Susana Agustí y Carlos M. Duarte. "Light absorption by marine macrophytes". Oecologia 98, n.º 2 (julio de 1994): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00341462.

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Reilly, Caroline E., Julia Larson, Alicia M. Amerson, Garrett J. Staines, Joseph H. Haxel y Paul Morgan Pattison. "Minimizing Ecological Impacts of Marine Energy Lighting". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, n.º 3 (2 de marzo de 2022): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10030354.

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Marine energy is poised to become an important renewable energy contributor for the U.S., but widespread deployment of the technology hinges on its benefits outweighing the potential ecological impacts. One stressor marine energy installations introduce is light, which is known to cause varying responses among wildlife and has not yet been addressed as an environmental concern. This review discusses requirements and regulations for similar structures and how lighting design choices can be made to meet these requirements while minimizing environmental consequences. More practical guidance on implementing lighting for marine energy is needed, as well as updated guidelines to reflect technological and research advances. Known responses of wildlife to light are introduced in addition to how the responses of individuals may lead to ecosystem-level changes. The impact of light associated with marine energy installations can be reduced by following basic guidance provided herein, such as removing excess lighting, using lights with high directionality, and employing controls to reduce light levels. Continued research on animal responses to light, such as findings on minimum light levels for animal responses, alongside the development of highly-sensitivity spectral characterization capabilities can further inform lighting guidelines for deploying future open ocean marine energy devices.

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4

Li, Xiaomin, Tongxu Liu, Kai Wang y T. David Waite. "Light-Induced Extracellular Electron Transport by the Marine Raphidophyte Chattonella marina". Environmental Science & Technology 49, n.º 3 (23 de enero de 2015): 1392–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es503511m.

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Ulloa, Osvaldo, Shubha Sathyendranath, Trevor Platt y Renato A. Quiñones. "Light scattering by marine heterotrophic bacteria". Journal of Geophysical Research 97, n.º C6 (1992): 9619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/92jc00785.

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6

Noyes, Joseph, Manfred Sumper y Pete Vukusic. "Light manipulation in a marine diatom". Journal of Materials Research 23, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2008): 3229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0381.

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Diatoms are well known for the intricately patterned nanostructure of their silica-based cell walls. To date, the optical properties of diatom cell-wall ultrastructures have largely gone uncharacterized experimentally. Here we report the results of a detailed experimental investigation of the way in which light interacts with the ultrastructure of a representative centric diatom species,Coscinodiscus wailesii. Light interaction both with individual valves and whole bivalves of the diatomC. wailesiiwas measured. Significant sixfold symmetric diffraction through the valve ultrastructure was observed in transmission and quantified to efficiencies that were found to be strongly wavelength dependent; approximately 80% for red, 30% for green, and 20% for blue light. While these results may potentially offer insight into the role of periodic nanostructure in diatom selection, they are also important for consideration in the design of biomimetic optics-based diatom applications.

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Vogel, Klaus, Martina Bundschuh, Ingrid Glaub, Klaus Hofmann, Gudrun Radtke y Horst Schmidt. "Hard substrate ichnocoenoses and their relations to light intensity and marine bathymetry". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 195, n.º 1-3 (14 de febrero de 1995): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/195/1995/49.

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8

Tsuzuki, Yuki, Yusuke Tsukatani, Hisanori Yamakawa, Shigeru Itoh, Yuichi Fujita y Haruki Yamamoto. "Effects of Light and Oxygen on Chlorophyll d Biosynthesis in a Marine Cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina". Plants 11, n.º 7 (29 de marzo de 2022): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11070915.

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A marine cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina synthesizes chlorophyll (Chl) d as a major Chl. Chl d has a formyl group at its C3 position instead of a vinyl group in Chl a. This modification allows Chl d to absorb far-red light addition to visible light, yet the enzyme catalyzing the formation of the C3-formyl group has not been identified. In this study, we focused on light and oxygen, the most important external factors in Chl biosynthesis, to investigate their effects on Chl d biosynthesis in A. marina. The amount of Chl d in heterotrophic dark-grown cells was comparable to that in light-grown cells, indicating that A. marina has a light-independent pathway for Chl d biosynthesis. Under anoxic conditions, the amount of Chl d increased with growth in light conditions; however, no growth was observed in dark conditions, indicating that A. marina synthesizes Chl d normally even under such “micro-oxic” conditions caused by endogenous oxygen production. Although the oxygen requirement for Chl d biosynthesis could not be confirmed, interestingly, accumulation of pheophorbide d was observed in anoxic and dark conditions, suggesting that Chl d degradation is induced by anaerobicity and darkness.

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Laxar, Kevin V. y Sandra L. Benoit. "The Conspicuity of Flashing Lights as Marine Aids to Navigation". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, n.º 21 (octubre de 1995): 1380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503902105.

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Mariners frequently have trouble distinguishing lighted aids to navigation in areas with a high density of background lights. The Coast Guard is seeking ways to enhance the conspicuity, or likelihood of being noticed, of these aids. Literature has shown that a flashing light is more conspicuous than one that is steady. To improve conspicuity by determining optimal flash characteristics, we had 20 observers search for a flashing point of light among backgrounds of steady lights on a CRT screen. In single 360-trial sessions, observers indicated which of five screen sectors contained the flashing target, and accuracy and response time were recorded. Targets were flashed at 1, 2, and 3.85 Hz, each at duty cycles of .3, .5, and .8. An ANOVA showed significant effects of frequency, duty cycle, and background light density. Search time increased with number of background lights. Conspicuity improved as frequency increased and as duty cycle decreased.

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10

Fleury, Yannick. "Marine Antibiotics 2020". Marine Drugs 19, n.º 6 (21 de junio de 2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19060351.

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Shi, Wen Qing, Zheng Ye Xiong, Yong Qiang Li y Cun You Huang. "Application of LED in Marine Fishery". Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (septiembre de 2013): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.213.

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Aiming at the high energy-consuming characteristics of Chinese marine fishery, the application of LED in Chinese marine fishery is analyzed. It has remarkable energy-saving effect if the fishing style of trawling is replaced by light-seine fishing, and the gathering-fish lamps of metal halide lamps or incandescent lamps are replaced by LED light sources. The conversion of the trawlers to light-seine vessel and widespread use of LED light sources will lead to cut down energy consumption and increase the economic benefits. Based on rough calculation, it can make Chinese fisherfolk increase income about hundreds of millions of dollars and reduce more than millions of tons CO2 emission if the conversion of the trawlers to light-seine vessel and the replacement of metal halide lamps or incandescent lamps to LED light sources can reach 20% of all. Moreover, LED light source can use for general lighting purpose in marine fishery. All of these will cause the development of the correlative industries. For instance, the market demand of LED is very vast.

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12

Quinby-Hunt, M. S., A. J. Hunt, K. Lofftus y D. Shapiro. "Polarized-light scattering studies of marine Chlorella". Limnology and Oceanography 34, n.º 8 (diciembre de 1989): 1587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1989.34.8.1587.

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13

Six, Christophe, Morgane Ratin, Dominique Marie y Erwan Corre. "Marine Synechococcus picocyanobacteria: Light utilization across latitudes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n.º 38 (13 de septiembre de 2021): e2111300118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2111300118.

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The most ubiquitous cyanobacteria, Synechococcus, have colonized different marine thermal niches through the evolutionary specialization of lineages adapted to different ranges of temperature seawater. We used the strains of Synechococcus temperature ecotypes to study how light utilization has evolved in the function of temperature. The tropical Synechococcus (clade II) was unable to grow under 16 °C but, at temperatures >25 °C, induced very high growth rates that relied on a strong synthesis of the components of the photosynthetic machinery, leading to a large increase in photosystem cross-section and electron flux. By contrast, the Synechococcus adapted to subpolar habitats (clade I) grew more slowly but was able to cope with temperatures <10 °C. We show that growth at such temperatures was accompanied by a large increase of the photoprotection capacities using the orange carotenoid protein (OCP). Metagenomic analyzes revealed that Synechococcus natural communities show the highest prevalence of the ocp genes in low-temperature niches, whereas most tropical clade II Synechococcus have lost the gene. Moreover, bioinformatic analyzes suggested that the OCP variants of the two cold-adapted Synechococcus clades I and IV have undergone evolutionary convergence through the adaptation of the molecular flexibility. Our study points to an important role of temperature in the evolution of the OCP. We, furthermore, discuss the implications of the different metabolic cost of these physiological strategies on the competitiveness of Synechococcus in a warming ocean. This study can help improve the current hypotheses and models aimed at predicting the changes in ocean carbon fluxes in response to global warming.

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14

Jaubert, Marianne, Jean-Pierre Bouly, Maurizio Ribera d’Alcalà y Angela Falciatore. "Light sensing and responses in marine microalgae". Current Opinion in Plant Biology 37 (junio de 2017): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.005.

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15

Chen, Qing, Jinyue Dai, Peizhan Cao, Guangming Lu y Xiaoqing Liu. "Light-settable polybenzoxazines for marine antifouling coatings". Progress in Organic Coatings 183 (octubre de 2023): 107813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2023.107813.

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16

Junlah, Rungtip, Pasinee Worachananant y Sornthep Vannarat. "Marine Litter Observed by Tidal Circulation at Phi Phi Islands, Andaman Sea". Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (mayo de 2014): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.733.

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Background: Saphan Hin is well known park located in the southern east coast of Phuket. Marine litter, especially light and floatable litter such as plastic, is known to be the cause of death in marine animals. Therefore, prediction of light floatable marine litter will greatly help to understand behavior of marine litter transportation at Saphan Hin and leads to proper waste management in vulnerable areas.

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17

Guo, Zhiling, Huan Zhang y Senjie Lin. "Light-Promoted Rhodopsin Expression and Starvation Survival in the Marine Dinoflagellate Oxyrrhis marina". PLoS ONE 9, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 2014): e114941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114941.

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18

Fisher, Nerissa L., Douglas A. Campbell, David J. Hughes, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Kimberly H. Halsey, Peter J. Ralph y David J. Suggett. "Divergence of photosynthetic strategies amongst marine diatoms". PLOS ONE 15, n.º 12 (28 de diciembre de 2020): e0244252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244252.

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Marine phytoplankton, and in particular diatoms, are responsible for almost half of all primary production on Earth. Diatom species thrive from polar to tropical waters and across light environments that are highly complex to relatively benign, and so have evolved highly divergent strategies for regulating light capture and utilization. It is increasingly well established that diatoms have achieved such successful ecosystem dominance by regulating excitation energy available for generating photosynthetic energy via highly flexible light harvesting strategies. However, how different light harvesting strategies and downstream pathways for oxygen production and consumption interact to balance excitation pressure remains unknown. We therefore examined the responses of three diatom taxa adapted to inherently different light climates (estuarine Thalassioisira weissflogii, coastal Thalassiosira pseudonana and oceanic Thalassiosira oceanica) during transient shifts from a moderate to high growth irradiance (85 to 1200 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Transient high light exposure caused T. weissflogii to rapidly downregulate PSII with substantial nonphotochemical quenching, protecting PSII from inactivation or damage, and obviating the need for induction of O2 consuming (light-dependent respiration, LDR) pathways. In contrast, T. oceanica retained high excitation pressure on PSII, but with little change in RCII photochemical turnover, thereby requiring moderate repair activity and greater reliance on LDR. T. pseudonana exhibited an intermediate response compared to the other two diatom species, exhibiting some downregulation and inactivation of PSII, but high repair of PSII and induction of reversible PSII nonphotochemical quenching, with some LDR. Together, these data demonstrate a range of strategies for balancing light harvesting and utilization across diatom species, which reflect their adaptation to sustain photosynthesis under environments with inherently different light regimes.

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19

Li, G. y D. A. Campbell. "Interactive effects of and light on growth rates and RUBISCO content of small and large centric diatoms". Biogeosciences Discussions 12, n.º 20 (16 de octubre de 2015): 16645–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-16645-2015.

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Abstract. Among marine phytoplankton groups, diatoms span the widest range of cell size, with resulting effects upon their nitrogen uptake, photosynthesis and growth responses to light. We grew two strains of marine centric diatoms, the small Thalassiosira pseudonana and the larger T. punctigera in high and low nitrogen media, across a range of growth light levels. Nitrogen and total proteins per cell decreased with increasing growth light in both species when grown under low nitrogen media. Surprisingly, low nitrogen increased the cellular allocation to RUBISCO and the rate of electron transport away from Photosystem II for the smaller diatom under low growth light, and for the larger diatom across the range of growth lights. Low nitrogen decreased the growth rate of the smaller diatom, particularly under higher light, but stimulated the growth rate of the larger diatom. Our results show that the high nitrogen in common growth media favours the growth rate of a small diatom but inhibits growth of a larger species.

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20

Hao, Sinan, Yuhong Qi y Zhanping Zhang. "Influence of Light Conditions on the Antibacterial Performance and Mechanism of Waterborne Fluorescent Coatings Based on Waterproof Long Afterglow Phosphors/PDMS Composites". Polymers 15, n.º 19 (24 de septiembre de 2023): 3873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15193873.

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Marine microbial adhesion is the fundamental cause of large-scale biological fouling. Low surface energy coatings can prevent marine installations from biofouling; nevertheless, their static antifouling abilities are limited in the absence of shear forces produced by seawater. Novel waterborne antifouling coatings inspired by fluorescent coral were reported in this paper. Waterproof long afterglow phosphors (WLAP) were introduced into waterborne silicone elastomers by the physical blending method. The composite coatings store energy during the day, and the various colors of light emitted at night affect the regular physiological activities of marine bacteria. Due to the synergistic effect of fouling-release and fluorescence antifouling, the WLAP/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite coating showed excellent antifouling abilities. The antibacterial performance of coatings was tested under simulated day-night alternation, continuous light, and constant dark conditions, respectively. The results illustrated that the antibacterial performance of composite coatings under simulated day-night alternation conditions was significantly better than that under continuous light or darkness. The weak lights emitted by the coating can effectively inhibit the adhesion of bacteria. C-SB/PDMS showed the best antibacterial effect, with a bacterial adhesion rate (BAR) of only 3.7%. Constant strong light also affects the normal physiological behavior of bacteria, and the weak light of coatings was covered. The antibacterial ability of coatings primarily relied on their surface properties under continuous dark conditions. The fluorescent effect played a vital role in the synergetic antifouling mechanism. This study enhanced the static antifouling abilities of coatings and provided a new direction for environmentally friendly and long-acting marine antifouling coatings.

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21

Finkel, Zoe Vanessa. "Light absorption and size scaling of light-limited metabolism in marine diatoms". Limnology and Oceanography 46, n.º 1 (enero de 2001): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.1.0086.

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22

Feinholz, Michael E., Stephanie J. Flora, Mark A. Yarbrough, Keith R. Lykke, Steven W. Brown, B. Carol Johnson y Dennis K. Clark. "Stray Light Correction of the Marine Optical System". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2009): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecho597.1.

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Abstract The Marine Optical System is a spectrograph-based sensor used on the Marine Optical Buoy for the vicarious calibration of ocean color satellite sensors. It is also deployed from ships in instruments used to develop bio-optical algorithms that relate the optical properties of the ocean to its biological content. In this work, an algorithm is applied to correct the response of the Marine Optical System for scattered, or improperly imaged, light in the system. The algorithm, based on the measured response of the system to a series of monochromatic excitation sources, reduces the effects of scattered light on the measured source by one to two orders of magnitude. Implications for the vicarious calibration of satellite ocean color sensors and the development of bio-optical algorithms are described. The algorithm is a one-dimensional point spread correction algorithm, generally applicable to nonimaging sensors, but can in principle be extended to higher dimensions for imaging systems.

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23

Markager, S. y K. Sand-Jensen. "Light requirements and depth zonation of marine macroalgae". Marine Ecology Progress Series 88 (1992): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps088083.

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24

Witkowski, Konrad, Tadeusz Król, Andrzej Zielirińki y Edward Kuteń. "A light-scattering matrix for unicellular marine phytoplankton". Limnology and Oceanography 43, n.º 5 (julio de 1998): 859–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.5.0859.

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25

Schwalbach, MS, M. Brown y JA Fuhrman. "Impact of light on marine bacterioplankton community structure". Aquatic Microbial Ecology 39 (2005): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame039235.

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26

Lotsberg, J. K., E. Marken, J. J. Stamnes, S. R. Erga, K. Aursland y C. Olseng. "Laboratory measurements of light scattering from marine particles". Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 5, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4319/lom.2007.5.34.

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27

Kuznetsov, Yuriy. "A GREEN LIGHT FOR MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY IN FISHERIES". Fisheries 2020, n.º 3 (16 de junio de 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2020-3-19-25.

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Bionic principles of technologies invention copying the organization of living systems on different levels give a good example of cognitive science application for nature management to achieve the synergistic effect. The fisheries still uses the mechanistic approach and extensive principles to problem solving what is leading to the deep technological crisis. To change the existing catches methodology a modern hydrobionics means are proposed. They allow to explain relations between biotic and abiotic factors in catches dynamics, the nature of problems and stacks in numerous prospective themes in fisheries.

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28

Gómez-Consarnau, Laura, José M. González, Montserrat Coll-Lladó, Pontus Gourdon, Torbjörn Pascher, Richard Neutze, Carlos Pedrós-Alió y Jarone Pinhassi. "Light stimulates growth of proteorhodopsin-containing marine Flavobacteria". Nature 445, n.º 7124 (enero de 2007): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05381.

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29

Leung, T. Y., C. Y. Chan, C. Hu, J. C. Yu y P. K. Wong. "Photocatalytic disinfection of marine bacteria using fluorescent light". Water Research 42, n.º 19 (diciembre de 2008): 4827–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.08.031.

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Six, Christophe, Zoe V. Finkel, Andrew J. Irwin y Douglas A. Campbell. "Light Variability Illuminates Niche-Partitioning among Marine Picocyanobacteria". PLoS ONE 2, n.º 12 (19 de diciembre de 2007): e1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001341.

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31

Holmes, J. M. C. y J. P. O'Connor. "A portable light-trap for collecting marine crustaceans". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 68, n.º 2 (mayo de 1988): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400052140.

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A portable light-trap was designed and constructed to assist in Museum taxonomic studies on Crustacea. The trap was constructed throughout of transparent Perspex. The light-source was a chemoluminescent ampoule marketed under the name Cyalume® Lightstick. The present trap offers several advantages. It is inexpensive to construct, sturdy, readily portable, easy to operate, and safe to use. Field trials in Lough Hyne (Ine), Co. Cork, south west Ireland, have proved the apparatus to be most successful in attracting a wide variety of crustaceans.

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Inoue, Keiichi, Yoshitaka Kato y Hideki Kandori. "Light-driven ion-translocating rhodopsins in marine bacteria". Trends in Microbiology 23, n.º 2 (febrero de 2015): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2014.10.009.

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Hopkinson, Brian M., Kelly L. Roe y Katherine A. Barbeau. "Heme Uptake by Microscilla marina and Evidence for Heme Uptake Systems in the Genomes of Diverse Marine Bacteria". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74, n.º 20 (29 de agosto de 2008): 6263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00964-08.

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ABSTRACT The ability to acquire diverse and abundant forms of iron would be expected to confer a survival advantage in the marine environment, where iron is scarce. Marine bacteria are known to use siderophores and inorganic iron, but their ability to use heme, an abundant intracellular iron form, has only been examined preliminarily. Microscilla marina, a cultured relative of a bacterial group frequently found on marine particulates, was used as a model organism to examine heme uptake. Searches of the genome revealed analogs to known heme transport proteins, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis of these genes showed that they were expressed and upregulated under iron stress and during growth on heme. M. marina was found to take up heme-bound iron and could grow on heme as a sole iron source, supporting the genetic evidence for heme transport. Similar putative heme transport components were identified in the genomes of diverse marine bacteria. These systems were found in the genomes of many bacteria thought to be particle associated but were lacking in known free-living organisms (e.g., Pelagibacter ubique and marine cyanobacteria). This distribution of transporters is consistent with the hydrophobic, light-sensitive nature of heme, suggesting that it is primarily available on phytoplankton or detritus or in nutrient-rich environments.

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Zhong, Liang, Xiaosheng Liu, Peng Yang y Rizhi Lin. "Explore the application of high-resolution nighttime light remote sensing images in nighttime marine ship detection: A case study of LJ1-01 data". Open Geosciences 12, n.º 1 (31 de octubre de 2020): 1169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0180.

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AbstractNighttime light remote sensing images show significant application potential in marine ship monitoring, but in areas where ships are densely distributed, the detection accuracy of the current methods is still limited. This article considered the LJ1-01 data as an example, compared with the National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP)/Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data, and explored the application of high-resolution nighttime light images in marine ship detection. The radiation values of the aforementioned two images were corrected to achieve consistency, and the interference light sources of the ship light were filtered. Then, when the threshold segmentation and two-parameter constant false alarm rate methods are combined, the ships’ location information was with obtained, and the reliability of the results was analyzed. The results show that the LJ1-01 data can not only record more potential ship light but also distinguish the ship light and background noise in the data. The detection accuracy of the LJ1-01 data in both ship detection methods is significantly higher than that of the NPP/VIIRS data. This study analyzes the characteristics, performance, and application potential of the high-resolution nighttime light data in the detection of marine vessels. The relevant results can provide a reference for the high-precision monitoring of nighttime marine ships.

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Gliha, Dino. "Piracy in light of marine insurance law with a view of ransom payments". Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 39, n.º 2 (2018): 833–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.39.2.5.

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After the 2008 Somali attacks, piracy has gained significant popularity among scholars. However, despite lots of ongoing debates and written papers in the last decade, some crucial issues have been left unresolved, starting from the definition of piracy. When discussing piracy within the context of marine insurance, certain specific characteristics of marine insurance law should be taken into consideration. Namely, international law definition, criminal law definition and other definitions of piracy cannot properly satisfy the need of marine insurance law. After the proper understanding of piracy within marine insurance law is determined, there are some other important issues that need to be discussed. Certainly, one is categorization of piracy as a peril. Question whether piracy is a marine peril or a war peril? Further on, one of the most discussed issue of modern piracy are ransom payments. Can they even be considered legal? If yes, are they recoverable from marine insurers and on which basis? Answers to previously mentioned questions will be given in the following paper.

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Salo, T., TBH Reusch y C. Boström. "Genotype-specific responses to light stress in eelgrass Zostera marina, a marine foundation plant". Marine Ecology Progress Series 519 (20 de enero de 2015): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps11083.

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Sun, Zequn, Chunning Meng, Tao Huang, Zhiqing Zhang y Shengjiang Chang. "Marine ship instance segmentation by deep neural networks using a global and local attention (GALA) mechanism". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 2 (24 de febrero de 2023): e0279248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279248.

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Marine ships are the transport vehicle in the ocean and instance segmentation of marine ships is an accurate and efficient analysis approach to achieve a quantitative understanding of marine ships, for example, their relative locations to other ships or obstacles. This relative spatial information is crucial for developing unmanned ships to avoid crashing. Visible light imaging, e.g. using our smartphones, is an efficient way to obtain images of marine ships, however, so far there is a lack of suitable open-source visible light datasets of marine ships, which could potentially slow down the development of unmanned ships. To address the problem of insufficient datasets, here we built two instance segmentation visible light datasets of marine ships, MariBoats and MariBoatsSubclass, which could facilitate the current research on instance segmentation of marine ships. Moreover, we applied several existing instance segmentation algorithms based on neural networks to analyze our datasets, but their performances were not satisfactory. To improve the segmentation performance of the existing models on our datasets, we proposed a global and local attention mechanism for neural network models to retain both the global location and semantic information of marine ships, resulting in an average segmentation improvement by 4.3% in terms of mean average precision. Therefore, the presented new datasets and the new attention mechanism will greatly advance the marine ship relevant research and applications.

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38

López-Álvarez, Miriam, Lourdes Rial, Jacinto P. Borrajo, Pio González, Julia Serra, Eugenio Luís Solla, Betty León et al. "Marine Precursors-Based Biomorphic SiC Ceramics". Materials Science Forum 587-588 (junio de 2008): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.67.

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Biomorphic silicon carbide ceramics is very promising as a natural base material for biomedical applications due to their excellent mechanical-biochemical properties and biocompatible behaviour. This innovative material is produced by molten-Si infiltration of carbon templates obtained by controlled pyrolysis of biological precursors. The final product is a light, tough and high-strength material with predictable microstructure. In this study the possibility to produce biomorphic silicon carbide ceramics using marine precursors is demonstrated. Due to the great biodiversity offered by the marine medium, a previous selection of algae (Laminaria ochroleuca Bachelot de la Pylaie, Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar, Saccorhiza polyschides (Lightfoot) Batters and Cystoseira baccata (Gmelin) Silva) and marine plants (Zostera marina L. and Juncus maritimus L.) was carried out, taking into account its microstructure, porosity and interconnectivity of each species. The bioceramization process was evaluated in three phases: original material analysis, pyrolysis process and reactive melt Si-infiltration. For each marine precursor, a detailed study by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the natural material, the carbon preform and the final SiC biomorphic product is described. The viability to obtain biomorphic SiC ceramic material for all the selected marine precursors is discussed.

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39

Barrett, Mark A. y Kristen Nelson Sella. "Modeling Artificial Light Exposure after Vegetation Trimming at a Marine Turtle Nesting Beach". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 11 (4 de junio de 2022): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112702.

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Light pollution caused by poorly directed artificial lighting has increased globally in recent years. Artificial lights visible along marine turtle nesting beaches can disrupt natural brightness cues used by hatchling turtles to orient correctly to the ocean for their offshore migrations. Natural barriers, such as tall dunes and dense vegetation, that block coastal and inland lights from the beach may reduce this disruption. However, coastal areas are often managed toward human values, including the trimming of vegetation to improve ocean views. We used viewshed models to determine how reducing the dune vegetation height (specifically that of seagrape, Cocoloba uvifera) might increase the amount of artificial light from upland buildings that reaches a marine turtle nesting beach in Southeast Florida. We incorporated three data sets (LiDAR data, turtle nest locations, and field surveys of artificial lights) into a geographic information system to create viewsheds of lighting from buildings across 21 vegetation profiles. In 2018, when most seagrape patches had been trimmed to <1.1 m tall, female loggerhead turtles nested in areas with potential for high light exposure based on a cumulative viewshed model. Viewshed models using random (iterative simulations) and nonrandom selections of buildings revealed that untrimmed seagrape heights (mean = 3.1 m) and especially taller vegetation profiles effectively reduced potential lighting exposure from three building heights (upper story, midstory, and ground level). Even the tallest modeled vegetation, however, would fail to block lights from the upper stories of some tall buildings. Results from this study can support management decisions regarding the trimming of beach dune vegetation, any associated changes in the visibility of artificial lighting from the nesting areas, and modifications to existing lighting needed to mitigate light exposure.

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40

Pinhassi, Jarone, Edward F. DeLong, Oded Béjà, José M. González y Carlos Pedrós-Alió. "Marine Bacterial and Archaeal Ion-Pumping Rhodopsins: Genetic Diversity, Physiology, and Ecology". Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 80, n.º 4 (14 de septiembre de 2016): 929–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00003-16.

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SUMMARYThe recognition of a new family of rhodopsins in marine planktonic bacteria, proton-pumping proteorhodopsin, expanded the known phylogenetic range, environmental distribution, and sequence diversity of retinylidene photoproteins. At the time of this discovery, microbial ion-pumping rhodopsins were known solely in haloarchaea inhabiting extreme hypersaline environments. Shortly thereafter, proteorhodopsins and other light-activated energy-generating rhodopsins were recognized to be widespread among marine bacteria. The ubiquity of marine rhodopsin photosystems now challenges prior understanding of the nature and contributions of “heterotrophic” bacteria to biogeochemical carbon cycling and energy fluxes. Subsequent investigations have focused on the biophysics and biochemistry of these novel microbial rhodopsins, their distribution across the tree of life, evolutionary trajectories, and functional expression in nature. Later discoveries included the identification of proteorhodopsin genes in all three domains of life, the spectral tuning of rhodopsin variants to wavelengths prevailing in the sea, variable light-activated ion-pumping specificities among bacterial rhodopsin variants, and the widespread lateral gene transfer of biosynthetic genes for bacterial rhodopsins and their associated photopigments. Heterologous expression experiments with marine rhodopsin genes (and associated retinal chromophore genes) provided early evidence that light energy harvested by rhodopsins could be harnessed to provide biochemical energy. Importantly, some studies with native marine bacteria show that rhodopsin-containing bacteria use light to enhance growth or promote survival during starvation. We infer from the distribution of rhodopsin genes in diverse genomic contexts that different marine bacteria probably use rhodopsins to support light-dependent fitness strategies somewhere between these two extremes.

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41

Brayley, Octavia, Dr Martin How y Dr Andrew Wakefield. "Biological Effects of Light Pollution on Terrestrial and Marine Organisms". International Journal of Sustainable Lighting 24, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2022): 13–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26607/ijsl.v24i1.121.

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Humans first began using artificial light at night (ALAN) during the industrial revolution and sources of light have diversified and intensified considerably over the last century. Light pollution has previously been defined under two separate branches, “ecological light pollution” where the natural light patterns are altered in marine and terrestrial environments, and “astronomical light pollution” where the view of the night sky is reduced. Natural light is vital for the regulation of animal behaviour and interactions. Surprisingly, this environmental stressor did not become a worldwide concern until 2009. Since then, research into this subject has substantially increased, with studies highlighting the detrimental effects of ALAN. These effects can be serious for many organisms and include the disruption of the essential circadian rhythms that most organisms use to time important behaviours such as foraging, reproduction, and sleep. Whether all organisms possess phenotypic plasticity to effectively adapt to increasing and changing artificial light pollution is not yet known. Here, we summarise the effects of light pollution among many different species, from marine to terrestrial, with a focus on the areas that require further research to enhance our knowledge of this subject. The aim of this review is to raise awareness and enhance understanding about this little-discussed environmental concern, including some novel ideas on camouflage and polarised light pollution, hopefully encouraging future research into the effects of light pollution on organism behaviour.

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42

Hanryani, Putri, Efriyeldi Efriyeldi y Irwan Effendi. "THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT LIGHT COLORS ON THE BIOMASS GROWTH OF Spirulina platensis". Asian Journal of Aquatic Sciences 2, n.º 2 (21 de enero de 2020): 132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/ajoas.2.2.132-137.

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Spirulina is microalgae that spreads widely in nature and can be found in various types of environments, both in brackish, sea and fresh water. Spirulina is photoautotrophic, so it requires light as an energy source for cell growth and synthesis of various important substances involved in it. Lack of light can cause photosynthesis to not take place normally so that it will affect the growth of S. platensis. This study aims to determine the effect of different light colors on the biomass growth of S. platensis. This research was conducted from March to April 2019 at the Marine Microbiology Laboratory and the Marine Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Riau. The method used in this research was the experimental method. The study design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments (red, yellow, blue and control colors) and three replications. The results showed that the light colors had a significant effect on the biomass growth of S. platensis. Yellow light gave the best biomass growth, followed by red and blue light.

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43

Gross, Liza. "Genomics Sheds Light on Metabolism of Cryptic Marine Microbes". PLoS Biology 4, n.º 4 (21 de marzo de 2006): e123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0040123.

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44

Luo, Haiwei, Bradley B. Tolar, Brandon K. Swan, Chuanlun L. Zhang, Ramunas Stepanauskas, Mary Ann Moran y James T. Hollibaugh. "Single-cell genomics shedding light on marine Thaumarchaeota diversification". ISME Journal 8, n.º 3 (7 de noviembre de 2013): 732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.202.

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45

Stramski, Dariusz y Dale A. Kiefer. "Can heterotrophic bacteria be important to marine light absorption?" Journal of Plankton Research 20, n.º 8 (1998): 1489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/20.8.1489.

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46

Habibi, Mehdi, Maryam Fanaei y Giti Emtiazi. "Light-sensitive biosensors based on photoactive marine cultivated strains". Sensor Review 34, n.º 3 (10 de junio de 2014): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2013-693.

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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to construct imaging pixels using novel bioactive films. Despite the notable progress in electronic imaging devices, these sensors still cannot compete with biological vision counterparts such as the human eye. Light sensitive biolayers and pigments in living organisms show superior performance in terms of low noise operation and speed. Although photoactive biolayers have been used to construct electronic imaging devices, they are usually hard to develop, and the organisms that produce these active layers have low growth rates. Design/methodology/approach – Among 40 pigment producing prokaryotic marine bacteria, four strains which show faster growth rates in the presence of light are screened and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and visible absorption. Subsequently, they are used as active layers in light sensitive sensors. The performance of the obtained cells is eventually evaluated by time domain photoresponse measurements. Findings – It is shown that while the obtained strains have high growth rates and their mass volume reproduction is relatively simple, they provide many interesting characteristics such as high speed and low noise operation when incorporated as photosensitive layers. Originality/value – Because the mass reproduction of the obtained cultures is simple, they are an appropriate choice for use in planner and flexible document imaging devices and DNA microarray sensors.

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47

Cesar-Ribeiro, Caio, Helena Costi Rosa, Daniele Oliveira Rocha, Camila Galli Baldini dos Reis, Tabata Sarti Prado, Daniela Hernandes Coimbra Muniz, Raquel Carrasco, Flávia Milão Silva, José Eduardo Martinelli-Filho y Maria Fernanda Palanch-Hans. "Light-stick: A problem of marine pollution in Brazil". Marine Pollution Bulletin 117, n.º 1-2 (abril de 2017): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.01.055.

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48

Barnes, David K. A. "Marine Biology: New Light on Growth in the Cold". Current Biology 23, n.º 14 (julio de 2013): R609—R611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.058.

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49

Buesa, Rene J. "Light assimilation curves of some tropical macroscopic marine plants". Aquatic Botany 37, n.º 4 (septiembre de 1990): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(90)90018-g.

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50

Pittera, Justine, Frédéric Partensky y Christophe Six. "Adaptive thermostability of light-harvesting complexes in marine picocyanobacteria". ISME Journal 11, n.º 1 (26 de julio de 2016): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2016.102.

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