Tesis sobre el tema "Mapuche (Indiens) – Terres – Chili"
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Volle, Aurélie. "Tourisme et développement local en terre mapuche (Chili) : une approche culturelle des territoires". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10089.
Texto completoReyes, Macaya Rodolfo. "Le Crépuscule du koyag : chefferies mapuches et négociations de paix en temps des guerres (1765-1840)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL044.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the political negotiations that shaped borders after the dismantling of the Spanish Empire in Latin America Southern Cone. We focus on the region of Araucania, the Pampas and northern Patagonia. We use a combined perspective of Amerindian history and frontier history, with tools of historical anthropology. Our main objective is to study the diachronic transformations of peace negotiations in wartime and the role of Mapuche leaders in these negotiations, particularly after the disorders linked to the fall of the Spanish empire, the Independence revolutions and the civil wars in the current territories of Chile and Argentina. The purpose is to answer the following question: what happened to the Mapuche chiefdoms and leaderships once the general parliaments (koyag) of the Bourbon era ceased to exist? The internal conflicts of Amerindian societies are externalized through leadership crisis, and this crisis, accompanied by intermittent revolts, migrations and raids, reach its greatest magnitude after the fall of the king's authority in the region. After the dismantling of the Hispanic empire, the chiefs legitimised their leadership in the heat of war, but succeeded in establishing and crystallising it, transforming it into authority, thanks to peace negotiations between themselves and with the Creole authorities. The emergence of new republics did not mean the end of the koyag, but led to their polycentric atomisation, resulting in the widespread fragmentation of Mapuche chiefdoms and the emergence of new collective identities
Esta es una investigación sobre las negociaciones políticas que dieron forma a las fronteras tras el desmantelamiento del imperio español en el Cono sur. Nos situamos en el área de la Araucanía, Pampas y Patagonia norte. Utilizamos una perspectiva combinada de historia indígena e historia de fronteras, con herramientas de la antropología histórica. Nuestro objetivo principal es estudiar las transformaciones diacrónicas de las negociaciones de paz en tiempos de guerra y el rol de los liderazgos mapuches en estas, en especial tras la conmoción que significó la caída del imperio español, las revoluciones de independencia y las guerras civiles en los actuales territorios de Chile y Argentina. Esto en pos de responder a la pregunta: ¿qué sucedió con el liderazgo mapuche en el área una vez que los parlamentos generales o koyag dejaron de realizarse con la regularidad y convocatoria que tuvieron en el periodo borbónico? Los conflictos internos de las jefaturas mapuches se habrían expresado en una crisis de liderazgo y esta crisis, con revueltas, migraciones y raids intermitentes, alcanzó su mayor amplitud tras la caída de la autoridad del rey en la región. Tras el desmantelamiento del imperio hispánico, los caciques legitimaron su liderazgo al calor de la guerra, pero lograron establecerlo y cristalizarlo, transformándolo en autoridad, gracias a las negociaciones de paz entre ellos y con las autoridades criollas. El surgimiento de nuevas repúblicas no significó el fin de los koyag, sino que condujo a su atomización policéntrica, dando lugar a la fragmentación generalizada de los cacicazgos mapuche y al surgimiento de nuevas identidades colectivas
Aravena, Andrea. "Modernité, ethnicité et migration : la recomposition des identités sociales indigènes vers la fin du XXe siècle (le cas des mapuches à Santiago du Chili)". Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0373.
Texto completoWhat's happening with Mapuches in Santiago, Chile? What's happening with the identity of the Mapuche people in the context of migration and urban question? Mapuches are members of one of the Chilean's indigenous people. This thesis analyzes the persistence of the migrant Mapuche's identity in the big cities and the adaptive strategies to modern urban living they have developed. It's about the ethnic identity of migrants and their families in an unequal inter-ethnic relation context. With the support of ethnography and ethno history, ethnology shows, in this case, the way the non indigenous Chilean society behaves when facing differentiation, where the cultural, economic and social differences are invariably associated with a social stratification system of discrimination, inequality and social segregation. The results of this thesis could produce a means of understanding the dynamic nature of ethnicity, and show that ethnic identity does not depend on isolation, the sole persistence of native language, nor the reproduction of representation systems. Also, that the Mapuche's native identity, far from disappearing in the context of migration, rebuilds itself through multiple situations that demonstrate the way in which collective identity reconstruction takes place in an urban environment, in circumstances where native identity is strongly threatened
LESTOURNELLE, PATRICE. "Le statut juridique du peuple mapuche". Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX32005.
Texto completoAfter the dictatorship in chile from 1973 to 1988-89, during which there existed officially no indigenous people, the democratically elected powers made the question of the indigenous populations (and therefore, the mapuche, which represent about 10 % of the actual population) one of its political priorities. So, the law of october 5, 1993 was unanimously adopted. This thesis proposes an initial evaluation of this law. While the mapuche have always been historical and anthropological objects of study for researchers (first part) one can witness today by virtue of the 1993 law on a national level, and also on an international level that they are pretending to be masters of their own destinies. But is this enough to qualify the law as a positive one ? no. Because analising the juridical terminology used in the law, the financial credits given by the government to realize changes, and the level of recognition given to the mapuche (simple law not constitutional recognition), chile has adopted law that masks the assimilation of the mapuche people into the national picture; far from recognizing a multiethnic society, and farther still, the existence of a mapuchan juridical system in an atmosphere of juridical pluralism conforming to the tendencies of the actual anthropology of law. The return of democracy (can one speak of democracy in a country in which the constitution permits the nomination of senators ?) has been realized without affecting certain principles established by the dictatorship of pinochet (who is still head of the armed forces); among these, the territorial integrity of chile (there also exists a minority population of mapuche in argentina) and its liberal economy (there are many firms operating in mapuchan territory without regard for the sacred relationship these people have with the earth). As a consequence, the legislative picture since 1993 in chile does not under any circumstances allow one to conceive of a "mapuchan nation"
Zavala, José Manuel. "L'envers de la frontière : dynamique des relations inter-ethniques et stratégies de résistance des Mapuche du XVIIIe siècle". Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030049.
Texto completoIn the eighteenth century, despite attempts over one and a half centuries to dominate the mapuche indians, the spaniards were still unable to secure a presence south of the river biobio. This difficulty to control the mapuche was not due to geographical conditions or to rejection of contact, but rather it arose due to the specific nature of the relations between the two societies. The mapuche were very good at using the interrelations between the two communities as a means to resist and to counteract spanish presence. This case addresses the nature of the variety of relations between colonial and native societies and reveals the complexity of their history. It shows how indigenous communities form patterns of adaptation to the dominant society, and that these patterns can be understood only through detailed analysis of the mechanisms of the those contacts. Using historical, ethnographic and linguistic material, this work studies various aspects of hispano-mapuche interrelations in the eighteenth century. The methodology followed imposes an anthropological discipline onto historical questions. Historians of frontiers are inclined to see the question from the colonial point of view, whilst anthropologists, focusing on the present, tend to neglect the considerable effect the whites have had upon the evolution and adaptation of native societies. This study is an attempt to propose a broader interpretation of the mapuche society found in colonial chile
Pomaro, Anna. "En quête de politique : associations mapuche, Etat et légitimité à Santiago du Chili". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0143.
Texto completoThis thesis explores the reconfiguration of political space in post-dictatorial Chile, and the place that might be occupied by those self-identified as Mapuche. It questions modalities, conditions and limits of political participation in the name of indigeneity, from a particular variant of contemporary Mapuche identification: that of urban setting and from within organizations. In post-dictatorial Chile, democratic governments have promised a renewal of relations with indigenous populations, among which the Mapuche people, which represents over 80% of them. A large proportion of Mapuche people today have settled in Santiago’s periphery, where they have developed a complex network of organizations. The launching of policies aiming at the acknowledgement of ethnic diversity in the 1990s is considered a turning point in Chile’s redefinition of indigenousness. These changes are inscribed in ongoing dynamics at different scales: the re-democratization of institutions and society after a 17-years period of military dictatorship; the growing influence of multi-lateral agencies exert on national policies to adjust them to development targets; the demands of indigenous organizations in the wake of the “return to democracy”.This thesis intersects two main concerns: the transformation of state discourse and public policies related to indigenous populations, and the change of the role and strategies of Mapuche organizations under these new conditions of recognition. In order to better understand how new figures of alterity are made and legitimized in contemporary Chile, a retrospective path should be taken, so as to understand the “transplantation” of the multicultural model into previous legal provisions and public policies, as well as into local political contexts and individual trajectories.The ethnography carried out within Mapuche organizations based in a municipality of Santiago serves as the basis for an analysis of the political in times of interculturality in Chile. Such an approach allows for an exploration of the place Mapuche organizations might occupy at different scales of political life, and the way in which organizations mobilize Mapuche references to entertain this political game on an everyday basis
Casanova, Guarda Holdenis. "Las rebeliones araucanas del siglo XVIII : mito y realidad /". Temuco : Universidad de La Frontera, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366836546.
Texto completoConcha-Monardes, Raúl. "Aux origines du Royaume du Chili : stratégies impériales, systèmes de défense et guerre indienne (1529-1650)". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010610.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the history of Chile between 1529 and 1650. The research is centered on the strategic importance of chile and on the role it played as as an organized territory in the defense of the spanish empire against english and dutch corsair attacks. Within the boundaries set up by the vice royalty in Lima for the defense of the empire in the south pacific, this chilean defense system is described both on land (coastal fortifications) and sea (armada). The reinforcement of the spanish sovereignty on Chile was not an easy task due to the poverty of the territory, the resistance of the indians and the failings of the spanish army. Thus this research describes the Indian war, the military and economic difficulties of the occupation, as well as the military systems set up in chile to fight the natives and to defend the territory from corsair forays. The strategic importance of chile forced Spain to send soldiers, supplies and funds to strengthen its position. This lead to consequences in its internal development on the demographic, economic and social levels. The aim of this research is to demonstrate the importance of the strategic factor in orden to interpret the history of Chile as a whole
Le, Bonniec Fabien. "La fabrication des territoires mapuche au Chili de 1884 à nos jours : communautés, connaissances et État". Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0406.
Texto completoThis thesis explores the conditions that led to the emergence of Mapuche territory from the late 19th century to the present day, through the incorporation of this indigenous population within the Chilean nation. It puts forth the practices of actors who, within different historical and social contexts, helped transform claims to land from Mapuche-Chilean peasnats, into territorial claims in the name of the Mapuche people. The history of the Tolten communities, looked at alongside that of Mapuche organisations and public policy, illustrates the local and global processes of territorial reconstruction, characterized by a metamorphosis of the reducciones, founded in the late 19th century, into socio-political aggregates believed to have disappeared. More than a well-delimitated physical reality, fixed in time and space, Mapuche territory appears as powerful meta-history, which makes it real to a great number of people fighting in its name today. Within the multi-cultural context of Chile, Mapuche territory has become a true battlefield where arrahgements and classifications are concerned, since a great variety of people are invested. Because reflection upon the various stages of this investigative work occupies a central place in this research, this thesis leads us both to comprehend the transformations in the notion of Mapuche territory, and to reflect on how to practice historical and political ethnography concerning social conflicts
Sepúlveda, Bastien. "Les Mapuches du Chili : des représentations aux pratiques de l'espace : géographie(s) d'un territoire autochtone". Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL014.
Texto completoBased on the investigation conducted in the mapuche land in Chile, this Ph. D proposes a geographical approach of the indigenous question and its resurgence in the latin-american public sphere. It brings about the different ways of questioning State to which indian leaders claim their ancestral territories. Discourses about territory and its representations are being examinated through the deconstruction of a geographical imaginary rooted in rural and traditional communities idealized as the reproduction place of a frozen culture. Based on the field work carried out in both the rural communities and urban areas towards migration process is going on, this Ph. D demonstrates the gap between proclaimed and experienced territorialities. An explanation can be found in the influence exerted by the State in the ways of conceiving and representing territory in a contemporary colonial context. Finally, this Ph. D attempts to reveal that multiple readings of a same space are working out to set down the bases of a geography of mapuche territory
Perucci, Gonzalez Cristián. "Moderniser les lonkos et « traditionaliser » les leaders : la participation anglicane au destin politique mapuche, Gulumapu (1838-1935)". Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0036.
Texto completoThe first Mapuche political organizations with representative vocation appear, in its origins, closely linked to the Anglican missionaries and their activities. This fact is not accidental, but it is the result of the interlaced Mapuche-Anglican relationship since the arrival of the first missionary in 1838. The aim of this thesis is to understand how, in their integration into the Mapuche political plot, the Anglican project evolved from a general interest in the fate of "pagan" people in the "last end of the world", to become a privileged resistance agent against the Chilean oppression. Or from another perspective, seeing the different circumstances experienced by the Mapuche society in the nineteenth century -autonomy, war, occupation- our objective is to understand the causes that explain the Mapuche approach and assimilation of the Anglican proposal. Our study is divided into two parts. First we explore how, in the Anglicans circles, the Mapuches became an object to evangelize, and the way in which the first missionary attempts materialized. Although these missionary efforts had little effect on the political and religious reality of the Mapuche, for the Anglican it meant the development of a practical knowledge of the local reality, and an inspiration for new missionaries. From 1894, a new missionary project was structured on these experiences, which the second part of this work consists of. Focusing on religion, education and health, an important part of the Mapuche population adhered to this proposal, which contributed to better decipher the historical situation, and urged a new era in the Mapuche policy
Torres, Cuevas Héctor. "La educacion intercultural bilingüe en Chile : experiencias cotidianas en las escuelas de la region mapuche de La Araucania". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28092.
Texto completoThe paradigm of the so-called «intercultural bilingual education» (IBE) is an educational approach that has been spread to several Latin American countries, such as Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador and Peru. Historically associated with the indigenist approaches of linguistic assimilation, in which it was considered as a first step towards unilingual teaching in the national language, the IBE is now being presented, at least in the official speeches, as a tool for the acknowledgment and promotion of the native languages and cultures. This thesis offers documentary evidence and analysis of the specific dynamics of an IBE program, as applied in the mapuche communities of the Araucanía region of Chile. In this research, we describe the daily experience created by the participation in a program of this kind. This implies that we have been interested in the actors who are in charge of dispensing this program. We also consider the experience of actors who are more or less directly the receivers of these programs. Due to the ethical complexities of working with minors, students have not been included as part of the present research. In short, the point is to have an understanding of how the IBE is locally delivered and, especially, to see how this practice intervenes in the relationship between Mapuche people and the Chilean State, which now considers itself as multicultural. The thesis has been organized in three parts; in the first part, we cover the theoretical, contextual and methodological groundwork of the research, which we have located within the anthropology of education, especially as it pertains to IBE in Indigenous contexts. In the second part, we describe and discuss the daily experience of the IBE in schools of the Araucanía region, using ethnographic documentary evidence from two schools with predominantly Mapuche students. In the third and final part, which we call «the IBE Regional Coordination experience: the actions of the multicultural State», we analyze the processes of implementing IBE by looking at the articulations between the Chilean Ministry of Education and lower administrative levels. Keywords: intercultural bilingual education, multiculturalism, everyday experience, school, La Araucanía
Leca, Marie-Christine. "Orientations de la politique culturelle au Chili : de l'autoritarisme à la transition démocratique (1973-1993)". Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030119.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the cultural policies in Chile under Augusto Pinochet's authoritarian government between 1973 and 1989. During that period, the cultural policies were based on the regime's ideologies, namely national safety and the market economy. The enforcement of those ideologies had an effect on cultural and artistic expression, the mass media and public education, that is to say on national culture as a whole, but also on the traditional societies of which Chile is made up, such as the mapuche society. After studying the cultural directions under that authoritarian government, the thesis gives the specifications of the cultural policies which were beginning to emerge in the context of democratisation experienced by the country from 1989
García, Bernal Maria Eugenia. "Maternité à l'adolescence : attachement mère-enfant et transmission intergénérationnelle (Valparaiso, Chili)". Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA083701.
Texto completoThe mother-child relationship and the special bond between mother and baby are a topic that has for long interested theorists and has made way for interesting works and posture throughout the years. This research reviews the main contributions made on the mother-baby bond topic in Europe and America. The cases of 25 adolescent mothers in Quilpue (Chile) are investigated. Five of these women are from the Mapuche Native community. Those women are monitored during their pregnancy and for the first months after the birth of their child, in order to determine the kind of bond created between them and the intergenerational transmission influencing this bond. For the first time in Chile, the CAMIR (adult-adult) and the RAF (adult-baby) tests are applied so as to contribute with new information on the subject
Painemal, Granzotto Daniella. "Habitat durable, culture et territoire Mapuche : adaptation aux exigences contemporaines et sauvegarde des identités culturelles". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20104.
Texto completoThe research focuses on the issue of the relationship between cultural heritages, housing and environmental quality, integration of a strong cultural identity (Mapuche), territorial markers and sustainable local development. It deals with relations between cultural tradition and modernity, between adaptation to contemporary needs and safeguard cultural identities (know-how, architecture, perception of space, history and cosmology...). Explorer interfaces between city and countryside, nature and culture, and city slums, and be live, to build a relationship between architecture and sustainable development of the Mapuche people
Ruest, Bélanger Catherine Éva. "Vers une gouvernance communautaire des forêts : visions mapuches pour un projet de parc national au Chili". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32566.
Texto completoObregón, Iturra Jimena Paz. "Rituels et conflits : Hispano-Créoles et Araucans-Mapuches dans le Chili colonial (fin du 17ème siècle) : avec l'édition critique d'actes judiciaires, Concepcion, 1693-1695". Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20037.
Texto completoThis study of the link up between rituals and conflicts works out the symmetrical view towards the Spanish and the Indian worlds. It develops from and around an outstanding writen source transcribed and annotated : the judicial acts of an investigation and trial brought by the Spanish Creole authorities of Chile against 14 Araucanian-Mapuches living in the Andes Piemont, an area wich was not then under the control of the colonisers. The analysis of the conditions of emergence of legal writings in the ritual Spanish procedure and the bringing to light of the underlying conflicts place this event. The study of these legal proceedings is linked to the Parlamentos, who are an important part of the Spanish Indian interaction and bring us to the examination of both the symbolical and materials stakes wich weave together in the conflicting shared space between the two
Otazo, Jaime. "Discours des médias et dynamiques sémio-stratégiques des acteurs sociaux dans le cadre du conflit ethno-identitaire : Le mouvement des indiens Mapuche vu par la presse au Chili [1996-2004]". Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030102.
Texto completoBy adopting a socio-semiotic approach, this research seeks to understand the role played by the media in ethno-identity conflicts. Different aspects of media coverage of Mapuche conflict in Chile were analyzed from a discourse analysis perspective with the aim of clarifying the relationship between media and the actor’s semio-strategic behavior. A theoretical and methodological framework was proposed to precise the complex relationship existing between the press discursive structures and the socio-political context referred by them. In particular; 2.144 news articles were analyzed in order to descrive: a] the representations that the reference press in Chile produces about the conflict and his actors; b] the discursive aspects that express in a direct manner the semiostrategic moves of the conflict actors and, and c] the reconstruction of semiostrategic dynamics of social actors on the mediated public sphere. Concerning the content of media representations of the conflict, we observed a generalized work of stereotyping of conflict events as well as conflict actors. These results are coherent with previous research on the subject. Particular discursive forms are associated with the established representations: the chronicle as the dominant genre of news reporting, phenomena of events condensation, or the use of headlines strategies to achieve suspense effects and activate catastrophic imaginaries. Cycles of media attention seem to depend simultaneously on the media logic and the semio-strategic agency of social actors and movements. When these results were compared with previous researches on media correspondents, it was observed an unstable coordination between media and social actors’ goals