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1
Favaretto, Matteo <1996>. "Il Competitive Balance come principale differenza tra i modelli di gestione dello sport business di Stati Uniti ed Europa, analisi delle major leagues nordamericane e del calcio europeo". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19896.
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La tesi sviluppa un confronto tra il modello di sport management statunitense e quello europeo, in particolare andando ad analizzare le differenze nella struttura e nella gestione delle rispettive leghe sportive più significative, quindi NFL, NBA, MLB ed NHL per gli Stati Uniti e Premier League inglese, Liga spagnola, Bundesliga tedesca, Serie A italiana ed infine Ligue 1 francese per il calcio europeo.
L'elaborato tratta nella prima parte le differenze strutturali gestionali nei due modelli di sport management da un punto di vista teorico, successivamente viene analizzato empiricamente il competitive balance dei vari campionati per capire quali hanno più appeal mediatico. Questo perché l'equilibrio competitivo è riconosciuto come fondamentale perché un campionato susciti interesse negli spettatori. In seguito vengono analizzate nel dettaglio le situazioni economico-finanziarie di leghe e club dei due modelli, facendo riferimento in particolare al volume di business generato ed alla sostenibilità economica nel medio-lungo periodo, per capire quale dei due risulta più efficace ed efficiente grazie alle proprie regole gestionali ed alla struttura sviluppata.
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Prockl, Franziska [Verfasser]. "The Economics of Major League Soccer / Franziska Prockl". Paderborn : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1162952598/34.
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Pinheiro, Ryan X. "Efficient Free Agent Spending in Major League Baseball". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1396821766.
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Pautler, Matt D. "The Relationship Between Competitive Balance and Revenue in America's Two Largest Sports Leagues". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/86.
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This paper looks at the impact that competitive balance has on team revenues. The hypothesis that this paper is operating under is that higher levels of competitive balance will lead to higher levels of revenue. Two different measures of competitive balance will be used and regressions will be run to investigate whether high levels of the competitive balance measure are associated with high levels of revenue. The results of the data indicated that over all three time horizons (ten year, five year, and two year), high levels of variability in playoff appearances were associated with high revenue for Major League Baseball (MLB) teams. The results also indicate that over a two year time span, high standard deviation in winning percentage were associated with higher revenue in both MLB and the National Football League (NFL) and also that high standard deviation of winning percentage over a ten year period were associated with lower revenues in the NFL. The data provides consistent support for the hypothesis of a positive relationship between competitive balance and revenue in MLB and inconsistent support in the NFL. This inconsistent relationship in the NFL is hypothesized to be due to differences in time horizons. Over the short term, fans like to see high variability in winning percentage because it gives them faith that their team will be good the next season. In the long term however, fans do not like a lot of variability in their team and would rather see a consistent winner.
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Hemmelgarn, Mary F. "Franchise Relocation in the Four Major Professional Sports Leagues: An Analysis of General Trends". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/584.
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Over sixty franchise relocations have occurred across the four major professional sports leagues in the United States, Major League Baseball, the National Basketball Association, National Football League and National Hockey League. By taking a look at the changes in four factors that occurred from the pre-move to post-move site of each franchise and move date, years in pre-move location and winning percentage of each franchise pre-move, this paper is able to determine general trends in determining why franchises move from and to particular locations. The six factors that are looked at in this study are standard metropolitan area size, moved date, years in pre-move location, racial demographics, per capita income and unemployment rate.
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Oakes, David M. "The crisis communication strategies of the three major professional sports leagues a comparative historical analysis /". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1433295.
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Yeager, Joshua. "Height, Weight, and Durability in Major League Baseball". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1684.
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Using data from the 2000-2016 Major League Baseball seasons, this paper looks at the determinants of durability amongst baseball athletes, durability is measured in games played for batters and innings pitched for pitchers, with a particular focus on height and weight. This paper finds evidence that lighter, shorter batters play significantly more games than taller, heavier batters. Additionally, amongst pitchers, there is only circumstantial evidence that height and weight are important determining factors of player durability. Finally, I find that starting pitchers increase the likelihood of becoming injured in the regular season by 10.3% and 21.8% if their hits per nine innings and home runs per nine inning totals, respectively increase by one.
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Conley, Cameron. "Poor Millionaires: A History of Free Agency in Major League Baseball and the National Football League". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/338.
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In 2011, both Major League Baseball (MLB) and the National Football League (NFL) saw the expiration of their collective bargaining agreements (CBAs) between the players’ unions and owners. Without an agreement in place, the two leagues would have been unable to play the next season. The CBAs established basic contract provisions, pensions and other benefits for players, and, most importantly, granted players the right to move between teams at their own discretion and outlined the manner in which they could do so. This process of changing teams was known as free agency.
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Brown, Jonathan Randolph. "PRODUCTIVITY AND INTEREST ARBITRATION IN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL: 3 ESSAYS". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/424786.
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EconomicsPh.D.
This dissertation consists of three essays exploring the labor market in Major League Baseball (MLB), as well as the negotiation environment for arbitration eligible players. Chapter 1 will show that the distribution of individual labor productivity has a significant effect on overall firm output. Results indicate that a firm with heterogeneous workers should consider not only the sum of individual contributions, but also how individual contributions are allocated, as increased concentration reduces overall output. Traditionally, salary dispersion acts as a proxy for ability dispersion. Past literature indicates that workers respond to disparity, though the literature is conflicting as to the direction of this response. In all cases, however, using salary as a proxy for worker production over-simplifies the firm's decision-making process. This chapter uses data from MLB to measure productivity concentration directly, independent of wage concentration. If workers act as complements to one another then the concentration of productivity will influence overall output in a way that is unrelated to the distribution of salaries. This analysis allows for workers’ behavioral response to wage, and the productivity effects of heterogeneous individual production levels, to be evaluated separately. The analysis could extend to any industry in which workers act as a team contributing a portion of a final product. These findings are particularly useful for industries, like MLB, in which varying degrees of monopsonistic power make wage a poor proxy for productivity.\\ Chapter 2 discusses Final Offer Interest Arbitration (FOA), a bargaining mechanism designed to promote private negotiation and, when necessary, resolve a negotiation impasse without a work stoppage. If parties cannot settle on mutually acceptable terms, they bring their proposed terms to an arbitrator. The arbitrator then rules in favor of one party. In a Final Offer system, the winning party's terms become the binding terms of the agreement. In order for FOA to be an effective mechanism, it should promote bargaining, meaning it is used relatively infrequently and, when used, its outcomes should resemble privately negotiated terms. Traditionally, both parties are given equal power to select the arbitrator who will hear the case. This veto power during the selection process should weed out any calculable or predicable favoring of one party over another, so an FOA system should not yield significantly different settlements from those that do not go to arbitration and are instead privately negotiated. This chapter explores the use of FOA in Major League Baseball. Different players face arbitration eligibility at points during their career, allowing for a side-by-side view of settlements with and without an FOA mechanism. Results indicate that FOA has succeeded in promoting bargaining, but that a bias against players lingers even as uncertainty dwindles. Chapter 3 is meant to complement chapter 2 by further exploring FOA. Arbitrators must maintain a degree of unpredictability in order to promote private negotiation. However, they also must be predictable enough that parties expect a "high-quality" ruling, meaning the outcome falls within a range that parties believe reflects privately negotiated decisions. I use data from Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission (WERC) to explore the way teams learn from past decisions to reduce uncertainty surrounding arbitrator decisions.
Temple University--Theses
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Hutchinson, Taurean D. "Determinants of Sports Performance: Case Studies on Olympics & Major League Soccer". OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1410.
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This dissertation proposal examines empirically the determinants of Olympic performance and the transition and persistence of Major League Soccer (MLS). The first chapter estimates the relationship between the performance by a country at the Olympics, measured by number of medals obtained, and a country's health indicators. We want to examine the relationship that improved sanitation access has on Olympic performance. The data sources are from the Olympic Committee, World Development Indicators and various sources. A panel tobit estimation will be used to examine this relationship. The second chapter deals with the determinants of Major League Soccer teams' performance. We want to examine and estimate variables that improve the performance of MLS teams. The data sources are taken from Major League Soccer teams main pages, Bureau of Economic Analyis, Bureau of Labor Statistics and the United States Census Bureau. We will use a Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation and instrumental variable (IV) estimation which assists us in controlling for observed endogeneity. The third chapter examines the competitive transition and persistence associated with Major League Soccer. A proportional hazard model and a multinomial logit model is used in this estimation to examine the ability of teams to remain competitive, where we explore the factors that assists teams in remaining in specific states of competitiveness.
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Lee, Jason. "The Value of Youth in Major League Baseball". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/203.
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In the fall of 2009, the New York Yankees claimed their 27th World Series title with a team that oozed capitalism and free markets. With over $200 million committed in its annual payroll, the Yankees capitalized on a strong free-agent class and some of the best known players in the game to generate their first World Series title since 2000. The feat was impressive, but the expectation in New York is always “championship or bust.” The following season, the Yankees fell in the American League Championship Series to the Texas Rangers who would go on to lose to the San Francisco Giants. The San Francisco Giants were not the New York Yankees. They were not even close when it came to payroll, star-power, and management. Yet this lovable bunch of losers took control of the 2010 post-season and took home their first World Series since moving to San Francisco.
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Tudor, Mark. "Are Major League Baseball Players Compensated for the Ability to Attract Fans?" TopSCHOLAR®, 1993. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1983.
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A question asked by many baseball fans during the past two decades has been, “Do baseball players really earn multimillion dollars salaries by simply playing a game?” Previous studies have attempted to show that they go generate enough revenue for a given club to justify these exorbitant earnings. In fact, these studies show that, until recently, baseball players have been exploited by owners who have been reaping major profits at the expense of the players.
Most studies utilize fan attendance to generate revenue figures in their respective regression equations. The intent in this paper is to determine if baseball players salaries are dependent solely on their ability to draw fans to their respective balls parks. Once a fan drawing power estimate is established, analysis will be made as to whether salaries are based upon this factor. Estimating the average amount fans will spend while attending games will also allow the comparison of revenue estimates with salaries. And finally, a brief investigation will determine if free agent status has any bearing on salary in conjunction with fan drawing power.
Data from the 1991 baseball season, from all twenty six major league teams, for both hitters and pitchers, are included in this study. The analysis of this data was made through the two equation model perfected by Scully in his often referenced paper of 1974, where he estimated baseball players marginal revenue products, allowing comparisons to player salaries.
The results demonstrate that in 1991 player salaries were not based solely on their ability to draw fans to the ballpark. Establishing a fan revenue figure also shows that, on average baseball players do generate enough revenue to substantiate salaries in the $2.0-$2.5 million range. Finally, utilizing a free agent attribute illustrates that simply playing baseball over six years will substantially increase salaries, regardless of the player’s status. In fact, the non-free agent players earn two and one half times less than their free agent counterparts but have the same revenue generating abilities. The final conclusions are the choice of the reader; the author has only attempted to collect the facts and present them for your review.
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Dragone, David. "APPLYING MATCHING EQUATION TO PITCH SELECTION IN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/524832.
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Applied Behavioral AnalysisM.S.Ed.
This study applied the generalized matching equation (GME) to pitch selection in MLB during the 2016 regular season. The GME was used to evaluate the pitch selection of 21 groups of pitchers as well as 144 individual pitchers. The GME described pitch selection well for four of the 21 pitching groups and 32 of the 144 individual pitchers. Of the remaining groups and individual pitchers, behavior may be explained by rule following behavior or be impacted by distant reinforcers such as salary. All 21 groups demonstrated a bias for fastballs as well as 119 of the 144 individual pitchers. The results extend the use of the GME to natural contexts and suggest an alternative view to evaluating pitchers.
Temple University--Theses
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Towne, Stuart. "Testing the Existence of Reputational Capital Among Major League Baseball Teams". TopSCHOLAR®, 1990. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2922.
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The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate the existence of reputational capital among Major League Baseball teams.
Previous studies have shown that there is a strong relationship between past performance and current attendance at professional baseball games. Using reputational capital as an explanation, this paper provides a general discussion of this relationship.
The discussion of reputational capital is followed by an empirical analysis which includes several model specifications designed to show the effects of past performance on current attendance. One series of models uses cross-sectional data to measure the effects in general across the league and another series of models uses time series data to show some specific examples and how the relationship holds up through time.
The results of the empirical study show that there is generally a strong relationship between past performance and current attendance, although from team-to-team the magnitude of the effect varies. Consistent with economic and marketing theory, the results show that baseball teams accumulate and deplete reputational capital.
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Bailey, Richard L. "Modernizing Major League Baseball: Using Fan Identification to Assess Rule Change Preferences". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1561984974413351.
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O'Neil, Mary Ann. "The underrepresentation of women executives in Major League Sports| A qualitative sequential phenomenological study". University of Phoenix, 2013.
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Ulrich, Matthew. "Sports Illustrated's Coverage of Race and Ethnicity in Major League Baseball: A Longitudinal Analysis". Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104304.
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Thesis advisor: Natalia SarkisianIn an attempt to address issues with the changing demographics in Major League Baseball, most notably the declining black presence in the game, this study researches the sports media industry and its influence on professional baseball. Using a quantitative content analysis on Sports Illustrated articles, this study is able to find important results regarding the sports media’s coverage of race/ethnicity, specifically in terms of numerical representation. With agenda-setting theory as a foundation, this study converts sports media coverage results into wide-ranging conclusions about the potential benefits of using targeted sports media coverage to extend affirmative action efforts in professional baseball
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Sociology
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McCollough, Christopher Jon. "Media Framing of the Steroids Scandal in Major League Baseball". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33271.
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A content analysis and post hoc content analysis of 362 news articles in national newspapers, regional newspapers, and Internet news Web sites investigated the prevalence of issue-specific and generic frames, frame valence, and the personalization of media coverage of the steroid scandal in Major League Baseball. Research guided by framing theory found 2,353 frames present in the initial analysis and 2,834 frames present after the post hoc analysis. Generic frames were more prevalent than issue-specific frames in coverage in initial analysis. The post hoc analysis, however, indicates that issue-specific frames were more prevalent than generic frames in terms of times present. Frames are valenced negatively more frequently than neutrally or positively in coverage. Media coverage was focused on the individuals more often than on the organization, however, both the individuals and organization were treated similarly in terms of valence of frames. The findings of the analyses supported scholarship calling for more analysis of generic and issue-specific frames, the presence of valence in frames, and the personalization of media coverage in the political communication context that in this case is present in the sports media context as well. Findings merit further scholarship on broader source comparison in coverage of this scandal, agenda-setting in various forms, and further frame analysis in the sports media contexts and other contexts outside of the political communication context as well.Master of Arts
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Libsch, Anton I. "Predicting Average Annual Value of Free Agent Contracts in Major League Baseball". Digital WPI, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/1239.
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This project uses multiple linear regression to predict the value of Major League Baseball free agent contracts, inspired by the low volume of published research on this topic. I found one published paper that shared my research goal but its predictive power needed improvement. An in depth comparison of our models is carried out with k-fold cross validation mean square prediction error being used as the main standard. The predictor variables considered in my models were related to performance evaluation and position, and the response variable was inflation-adjusted average annual value of the contract. The result of the project is two linear regression models, one for hitters and one for pitchers.
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Keating, Michelle. "Major League Baseball Franchises and Their Minor League Players, Maintaining a Relationship on and off the Field". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002384.
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Bunting, Rachel C. "Social Network: The Case of Major League Soccer and Facebook Likes". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/468.
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The rise of Major League Soccer in the United States has taken place during an influential spread of social media. This paper conducts an empirical analysis of the effects of several variables on the Facebook "likes" of individual Major League Soccer Facebook homepages. Variables from previous sport demand studies are re-analyzed and applied in this study to determine similarities and differences to Facebook "likes". Results from the analysis indicate social media is affected differently than attendance rates. Facebook "likes" are most affected by population size, unemployment and Hispanic composition as well as player salary rather than wins or attendance.
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Centra, Jennifer Ann. "An Analysis of the Co-Evolution of Sports and Media". Thesis, Boston College, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:102483.
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Thesis advisor: Marilyn J. MatelskiSports and broadcasting have enjoyed a profitable and advantageous co-existence since television's inception. Television manufacturers depended upon the popularity of baseball, boxing, and roller derby, for instance to initially boost their products' popularity. Today, sports and media are major players in some of the most profitable unions in entertainment economics. These profitable deals have become a mainstay in our society, but what is to be said about the criticism levied at the institutions that profit off of what was once simple and pleasurable sport? These broadcasting/sport unions grant the sports markets and the networks involved distinct and noteworthy advantages worthy of critical analysis. What is to be said about this co-evolution of sports and media, its overwhelming presence in American society, and the more than profitable monetary implications and consequences for all involved? Alongside this line of investigation, one has to wonder whether sports and television as we know them today would maintain their present distinctions in the absence of a half-century of codependency. Would we have split screen, instant replays, or elaborate graphics and effects if the demand for TV sports had not escalated to its present status? Would sports occupy its present reign of superiority in our society if they did not have access to the dominating voice of television? And would sports have evolved into the sometimes glamorous and showy, sometimes evocative stage of statement that we have come to know without television's vast reach? In developing this thesis, I relied on resources such as critical articles, books, and internet sources in addition to sports and media commentary to create a historical-critical research project addressing the status of the sports and media codependency in American society today. The finished project includes: A brief historical overview of the main factors in the development of the sports and broadcasting links that have evolved over the past half century. Subsequent sections address the many areas of sports broadcasting from broadcast networks, to the cable universe and new media. Following this historical approach comes a more critical examination of sport evolution through media dependency. Here we note the many changes that have taken place in American competitive sports through the increasing exposure, popularity and revenue linked with media usage. Major League Baseball then becomes the specific case study for this historical-critical investigation. This section includes a look at Major League Baseball's storied history in relation to television and an investigation of the criticism presently levied at the organization for its multi-billion dollar profit linked with media deals. Further investigations of baseball's much-publicized strikes provide proof of the pitfalls of the sports/media relationship. The examination and line of questioning employed in this thesis have been relevant through half a century, and continue to be considered today. Furthermore, research employed provides definite proof of the media/sports dependency and predictions for the future if such relationships persist. We as a media-consuming public and nation of sports fans are left to weigh the options and enact our fate
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2003
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Communication
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Stick, Jeremy Daniel. "A regression analysis of predictors on the productivity indices of major league baseball 1985-2003 /". [Lincoln, Neb. : University of Nebraska-Lincoln], 2005. http://0-www.unl.edu.library.unl.edu/libr/Dissertations/2005/StickDis.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2005.Title from title screen (viewed on Aug. 10, 2005). PDF text: viii, 229 p. : col. ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 216-229 of dissertation).
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Dinsmore, Anthony. "The effects monetary rewards have on player performance in Major League baseball". CardinalScholar 1.0, 2009. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1538082.
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In recent years Major League Baseball (MLB) has seen a trend of long term multimillion dollar contracts. The purpose of this study was to examine Major League Baseball player’s performance before and after signing a free-agent contract. This research helps to explain the relationship between reward and performance in professional baseball players. Subjects include 65 major league baseball players that were free agents in the years of 2005 and 2006. The group of 65 players consisted of 34 position players and 31 pitchers. The individual statistical analysis of position players’ batting average, homeruns, and runs batted in were used. The statistics that were analyzed for the pitchers were earned run average, innings pitched, strikeouts, and wins and losses. The results that showed significance was batting average, homeruns, runs batted in, and earned run average. The results of this study can be a useful tool for the front office of Major League Baseball teams.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
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Trutor, Clayton J. "" Major League City": Atlanta, Professional Sports, and the Making of a Sunbelt Metropolis, 1961-1976". Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108212.
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Thesis advisor: Marilynn JohnsonThis dissertation is a study of how the pursuit, advent, and popular response to professional sports in Atlanta both shaped and reflected the region’s evolving political and consumer culture during the 1960s and 1970s. It examines the concerted effort by municipal elites during this time period to acquire professional sports franchises for their city and its environs. Atlanta’s leadership succeeded at luring four major professional sports franchises to Atlanta in a six-year period (1966-1972) by securing significant public and private investments in two playing facilities in the Central Business District (CBD). Scholars of the economic history of professional sports describe the increasing geographic mobility of the major leagues in the post-World War II era as “franchise free agency.” Atlanta took advantage of this expanding market by making civic investments in two playing venues as a means of attracting franchises. This dissertation analyzes how the emerging metropolis’ negotiation of “franchise free agency” reshaped the culture, public policy, and urban planning of Atlanta. It shows how Atlanta provided a model employed by future Sunbelt cities as they pursued professional teams of their own, often luring clubs from Rust Belt cities with similarly lucrative offers of public support. This dissertation proceeds to analyze the response to professional sports in Metropolitan Atlanta in the decade after it achieved major league status. The city’s elites assumed that residents would embrace the teams and transform their tony playing facilities into twin focal points of leisure and communal pride. Instead, Atlantans from all of the region’s racial, socio-economic, and residential clusters responded apathetically to the teams. The collective shrug with which Atlantans reacted to their new franchises demonstrated the growing cultural divergence which characterized life in the booming Sunbelt center over the course of the 1960s and 1970s. In subsequent decades, civic elites in other rapidly growing Sunbelt centers believed, like their predecessors in Atlanta, that municipal investments in professional sports would provide their communities with a wellspring of unity and prestige. Residents of these metropolitan areas responded to their new stadiums and teams in the 1980s and 1990s with an apathy similar to that of Atlantans toward their teams during the 1960s and 1970s
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
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Grilc, Brandon. "Stealing Home: How American Society Preserves Major League Baseball Stadiums, Ballparks, & Fields". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18547.
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This study focuses on a cultural phenomenon that is driven by the demolition of Major League Baseball stadiums, ballparks, and fields. Prompted by their inherent role in the evolution of the sport and the inadequacies of the existing historic preservation framework, this study examines how American society preserves this utilitarian form, after their demolition, through observations, data collection, and analysis. In doing so, this study exposes that Major League Baseball stadiums, ballparks, and fields are preserved through the use of nine overlapping preservation methods, which memorialize five significant features. However, though these preservation methods do not prevent Major League Baseball stadiums from being demolished, they do illustrate how our society alternatively preserves historically and culturally significant resources when the existing historic preservation framework is rendered incompatible.
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Sutton, Frances Santagate. "Defining the Liminal Athlete: An Exploration of the Multi-Dimensional Liminal Condition in Professional Sport". The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492612100468383.
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Knoesen, Emma. "Compensating Against Turnover: Managers' Talent Retention Decisions in Major League Baseball Under a Budget Constraint". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1057.
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From 1997 to 1999 and 2003 to the present, Major League Baseball has had a luxury tax on high payroll teams. This paper analyzes the impact of the tax as a budget constraint on teams’ ability to reward and retain high performing players. In contrast to other papers, we use wins above replacement (WAR), a popular sabermetrics statistic, to measure performance. Using this metric, we quantify the number of top performers, how this performance is rewarded with salary, and how salary impacts players’ mobility decisions. We conclude that when using WAR, the distribution of performance is not heavy tailed and rather follows an exponential distribution. Our results suggest that there are fewer top performers in periods with a luxury tax/budget constraint. We use efficiency wage theory to understand this decrease in top performers as the result of a decrease in motivators. We understand two different mechanisms of motivating performance: (1) under a stochastic budget constraint, managers did not choose to extend the contracts of top players; and (2) under a fixed budget constraint, managers decreased the monetary reward for an increase in performance. Both these mechanisms decrease the motivation for top talent to perform highly.
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Tannenbaum, Seth S. "Ballparks as America: The Fan Experience at Major League Baseball Parks in the Twentieth Century". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/565542.
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HistoryPh.D.
This dissertation is a history of the change in form and location of ballparks that explains why that change happened, when it did, and what this tells us about broader society, about hopes and fears, and about tastes and prejudices. It uses case studies of five important and trend-setting ballparks to understand what it meant to go to a major league game in the twentieth century. I examine the Polo Grounds and Yankee Stadium in the first half of the twentieth century, what I call the classic ballpark era, Dodger Stadium and the Astrodome from the 1950s through the 1980s, what I call the multi-use ballpark era, and Camden Yards in the retro-chic ballpark era—the 1990s and beyond. I treat baseball as a reflection of larger American culture that sometimes also shaped that culture. I argue that baseball games were a purportedly inclusive space that was actually exclusive and divided, but that the exclusion and division was masked by rhetoric about the game and the relative lack of explicit policies barring anyone. Instead, owners built a system that was economically and socially stratified and increasingly physically removed from lower-class and non-white city residents. Ballparks’ tiers allowed owners to give wealthier fans the option of sitting in the seats closest to home plate where they would not have to interact with poorer fans who owners pushed to the cheaper seats further from the action. That masked exclusion gave middle- and upper-class fans a space that was comfortable and safe because it was anything but truly accessible to all Americans. I also argue that owners had to change the image of the ballpark and tinker with the exclusion there as fans’ tastes and their visions of what a city should look and feel like changed.
Temple University--Theses
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Zyman, Steve. "The effect of the increased wage gap on the competitive balance of Major League Baseball". Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/586.
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MacPhail, Andrew H. "The Effect of Increasing Information in the Major League Baseball Trade Market". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1028.
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This paper uses data acquired from five Baseball statistics websites from the 2006-2010 Major League Baseball seasons to test the effect of increasing information in the Trade Market. Specifically, to test how increasing information affects teams’ preferences in the Trade Market. Player age and service time were used as predictors of team preferences, and an interaction variable between team winning percentage and week of season was used as a predictor of increasing team information. This paper finds that—with significance—the effect of a team’s winning percentage in relation to week in the season a given trade takes place has a negative effect on an acquired player’s tenure and a positive effect on an acquired player’s age. This relationship is likely due to the fact that more successful clubs are looking for established veteran players who can provide immediate help to their Major League team. Conversely, poorly performing clubs are likely looking for younger players who will contribute to their Major League team in future seasons.
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Baughman, Sam. "Management in Major League Baseball: How General Managers Succeed and Fail Using Statistics to Build Winning Franchises". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1591.
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Baseball fans discuss and remember the heroics of Major League Baseball players and managers. However, team executives operate away from the crowds, in the front office to draft, trade for, and sign talented players and managers to construct successful teams. The intent of this thesis is to first rank and analyze these general managers and presidents of baseball operations through finance and baseball statistics. Then, I will examine team statistics to determine what statistics correlate to winning. Two of the general managers, Theo Epstein and Dan O’Dowd, will then be examined more thoroughly to determine how their decisions impacted their respective teams. Ultimately, this paper will conclude with an assertion that the strategic actions of upper level executives in Major League Baseball directly positively and negatively impact the performance of their teams.
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Simpson, Theron. "The Best Bang for your Bonus: Identifying Over and Undervalued Prospects in the Major League Baseball Draft". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1398.
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This study evaluates the relationship between different types of player prospects selected in the Major League Baseball amateur draft and their signing bonuses relative to where in the draft they were selected. In a perfect market differences in prospects’ statistical likelihoods of reaching the major leagues should be reflected in their relative signing bonus. The research reported here found that college players, regardless of position, have a higher likelihood of reaching the major leagues than high school players but this is not reflected in their signing bonus indicating that college players continue to be undervalued in the draft. Outfielders were found to reach the major leagues at a significantly lower rate than other players in other positions but are not penalized financially for the decreased likelihood of reaching the major leagues indicating an overvaluation of outfielders.
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Nehm, Eric. "WHIP, BABIP, and FIP: the role of radio broadcasters in the diffusion of advanced statistics in Major League Baseball broadcasts". Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20545.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Journalism and Mass Communications
Barbara DeSanto
The purpose of this study was to take a closer look at the use of advanced statistics in Major League Baseball (MLB) radio broadcasts and the possible effects usage could have on the roles of MLB broadcasters. This study used a theoretical framework supported by role theory and diffusion of innovations theory. The study employed in-depth interviews of eight MLB radio broadcasters to get a better understanding of the broadcasters’ thoughts on the value of advanced statistics, how using advanced statistics could affect their role as a broadcaster, the factors that influence the potential inclusion of advanced statistics in their broadcasts, and ultimately, whether broadcasters perceived advanced statistics as a trend or a fad. The interviews revealed a number of things about the baseball broadcasting industry with disagreements appearing in regards to techniques in using advanced statistics in broadcasts and the value of advanced statistics to listeners. Despite the disagreements, the most important finding was the unanimous belief that advanced statistics are not a fad, but rather something that will remain a part of baseball broadcasts going forward.
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Eagleman, Andrea N. "Investigating agenda-setting and framing in sport magazines an analysis of the coverage of Major League Baseball players from 2000 through 2007 /". [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3319879.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 2922. Adviser: Paul M. Pedersen.
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Hutton, Brian P. "Baseball in the Digital Age: The Role of Online and Mobile Content in Major League Baseball's Media Product Portfolio". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc33170/.
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This case study evaluated Major League Baseball's (MLB) media product portfolio to identify how broadcast revenues have evolved over the past decade. This research looked back across baseball's long, dysfunctional history with broadcasters in order to recognize the significance of its ambitious use of online content. While MLB had failed to fully utilize the potential of broadcasting, the league's aggressive online strategy through its Advanced Media (MLBAM) division made it the industry leader in broadcasting live streaming sports video. MLBAM expanded its online streaming video to mobile phones and iPad, further expanding the distribution of its content. This research compared MLBAM revenue to traditional broadcast revenue while analyzing the online division's role in promoting the MLB brand. This case study concluded that while MLBAM had made a number of groundbreaking developments, the league could still improve its use of embedded, shared video clips, archived footage and international marketing in order to further extend the brand equity of the MLB, its thirty individual brands and its media product portfolio.
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Balzer-Siber, Marco. "Functional and Stylistic Features of Sports Announcer Talk: A Discourse Analysis of the Register of Major League Soccer Television Broadcasts". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2515.
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This study analyzes the register of television sports announcers in Major League Soccer broadcasts, based on six 20-minute transcription samples. The first part considers individual linguistic features and inquires whether they fulfill a communicative function or whether they are of stylistic nature. In an effort to attract more viewers in the United States, production companies had originally adopted the duality model of a play-by-play announcer and a color commentary from other American sports, while many other countries traditionally feature only one commentator. Consequently, the second part of this discourse analysis will focus on the cooperative interactional behavior. The conclusion will be drawn that the register of live action announcing, in contrast to halftime as well as pre- and post-game reporting, is based on cooperative principles. Moreover, both the individual and the collaborative linguistic variables mostly reflect an effort to protect one’s own and the colleague’s public image.
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Schiavoni, Vincent O. "Estimating the Effect of Ownership Structure on Financial and On-the-Field Efficiency in Major League Baseball". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/333.
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I analyze the impact that a Major League Baseball (MLB) team’s ownership structure has on its financial and on-the-field efficiency. Previous work has shown that ownership structure does have an impact on firm efficiency. In MLB, a team under the management of a corporate owner could have access to potential cost and revenue synergies that would otherwise be unavailable to a team with a private owner. These synergies should increase the financial efficiencies of corporately owned teams, which should translate to success on the field, as measured by on-the-field efficiency.
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Abeza, Gashaw. "Social Media in Relationship Marketing: The Professional Sport Context". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35373.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the use of social media (SM) as a relationship marketing tool (RM) in the context of professional sport in North America. The specific objectives are (i) to explore the use of social media in meeting relationship marketing goals within the context of professional sport, (ii) to explore how professional sport teams’ managers see the opportunities of social media in meeting relationship marketing goals, (iii) to explore how professional sport teams’ managers see the challenges of social media in meeting relationship marketing goals, and (iv) to examine the benefits of social media, if any, in enhancing long-term relationships with their favourite sport team from the perspective of fans of professional sport teams. Guided by a pragmatist philosophical worldview, the project adopted a multi-domain qualitative research approach. The multi-domain approach reflects the three data sources (i.e., the medium-SM platform, organization-professional teams, and consumers-sport fans). Putting an individual emphasis on each of these three data sources, three different but interrelated studies are conducted to accomplish the overall purpose of the dissertation using an article-based format.
The first study, guided by the relationship marketing theoretical framework, adopted a netnographic method to investigate professional sport teams’ use of Twitter as an RM tool. Specifically, the study focused on the three core components of RM: communication, interaction, and value. The netnography is based on data gathered from the official Twitter account of 20 professional sport teams from the four major leagues from August 1, 2015 to February 29, 2016. Results outline seven emergent communication types, six interaction practices, and ten values (co)created by the teams or/and fans. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as impetus for future research are identified.
The second study aimed at obtaining a first-hand and an in-depth understanding of the role, opportunities, and challenges of SM in meeting RM goals from the perspective of senior managers of professional sport teams. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 managers from the four major leagues professional sport teams in North America. Results outline the platforms adopted, six intended objectives, seven opportunities and seven challenges of SM as an RM medium. A list of theoretical and practical implications, and impetus for future research is provided.
The purpose of the third study was to first gain an empirically supported understanding of the role and benefits of SM as an RM tool from the perspective of professional sport fans and, following that, to identify, specify, verify, and refine the emergent benefits. The study employed an adaptation of the focus group method, dubbed the ‘sequential funnel-based focus group’, which is a multiphase, step-wise version of the established method. The sequential funnel-based focus group is conceptualized, developed, described, and used in this work as a research method. The adaptation allowed the identification of benefits of SM as a medium that enhances long-term relationships through a series of funnel-based focus group discussions in three sequential phases. A total of 10 focus groups with 81 participants took part in the study. The work identified seven major benefits (and 15 sub-categories of benefits) that fans see as opportunities presented by SM as a medium to enhance long-term relationship with their team. Theoretical contributions, practical recommendations, and directions for future research are provided.
The findings from the three studies are integrated to construct a multi-dimensionally informed and comprehensive understanding of the use of SM in RM in professional sport. In general, data gathered from the perspective of the three domains (i.e., medium/SM platform, organizational/ professional teams, and consumers/sport fans) informed that SM is providing new directions to RM, making it an effective and affordable channel in realizing RM goals in professional sport context. The thesis also produced empirical evidence of the opportunities that SM presents and the challenges that it poses in terms of meeting RM goals in the context of professional sport. Informed by the studies data, the dissertation also extended Grönroos’s (2004) RM process model through the lens of SM in professional sport context. Contributions to scholarship, practical recommendations, directions for future research, and the limitations of the dissertation are provided.
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Marini, Brent A. "A content analysis of Chicago Cubs and White Sox local news coverage during the 2004 and 2008 major league baseball seasons". Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/708.
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Haugh, Betsy Roberts. "Making Memories in 140 Characters or Less: Testing the Effectiveness of CSR Messages Disseminated by Major League Baseball Teams via Twitter on Recognition and Recall". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71453.
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in sport is an emerging area of interest among scholars, sport managers, sponsors, fans, and policy-makers (Breitbarth, Walzel, Anagostopoulos, and van Eekeran, 2015). Despite this increased scholarly attention, a gap in literature exists regarding to the effectiveness of the messages disseminated. This study investigated how sports organizations communicate CSR on Twitter by examining the effectiveness of CSR messages disseminated via Twitter by professional baseball teams. Using priming theory and Lang's (2000) Limited Capacity Model for Mediated Message Processing, this study tested the effects of priming and message sequencing on a persons' ability to recognize and recall these CSR messages. While no statistically significant relationships were found, observed results led to strong arguments about the effects of both priming and message sequencing on the effectiveness of CSR messages disseminated by Major League Baseball (MLB) teams in terms of recognition and recall. Additionally, results suggested that traditional media effects paradigms might not be transferable to social media.Master of Arts
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Goebel, Marissa. "Salary Arbitration and MLB Team Value: An Examination of the Relationship Between Team Value and Player Salary Increase". Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1430991190.
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Alexander, Lisa Doris. "RACE ON FIRST, CLASS ON SECOND, GENDER ON THIRD, AND SEXUALITY UP TO BAT: INTERSECTIONALITY AND POWER IN MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL, 1995 - 2005". Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1162833225.
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RADICCHI, ELENA. "Business Models in a New media context: comparing four U.S.-based Sport Leagues". Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/960642.
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Seppure la letteratura abbia negli anni posto una particolare attenzione alle valenze economiche e manageriali delle organizzazioni sportive (Slack, Parent 2005; Mahony, Howard 2001; Chelladurai 2001; Andreff, Staudohar 2002; Foster et al. 2006), tuttavia si rileva una significativa carenza bibliografica relativamente all’analisi dei modelli di business delle imprese sportive alla luce della diffusione dei nuovi media. Questo lavoro costituisce dunque un primo “tentativo esplorativo” (Yin 2002) che vede applicare la strumentazione concettuale del modello di business (Ostenwalder et al. 2005) alle leghe sportive al fine di comprendere il modo in cui queste sono strutturate, “fanno business” e creano valore in un contesto dominato dalle nuove tecnologie digitali e multimediali.
La ricerca quindi parte dall’ipotesi che esista nella realtà odierna una significativa relazione tra società sportive e diffusione dei nuovi media.
Il lavoro tratta la tematica complessa dei modelli di business delle maggiori leghe sportive statunitensi che riguardano quattro sport di vertice molto popolari - la Major League Baseball, la National Football League, la National Basketball Association e la Major League Soccer - in relazione all’intensificarsi della diffusione globale dei nuovi media. La scelta di analizzare le maggiori società del settore presenti nel contesto statunitense, scaturisce dal riconoscimento sia della natura “aziendale” che queste, a differenza del nostro paese, esprimono esplicitamente, sia del crescente impegno strategico ed operativo che rivolgono ai processi di globalizzazione.
La prospettiva di indagine assunta è quella di evidenziare le relazioni tra risorse, capacità, modelli di governance, fasi di sviluppo, scelte strutturali e strategiche, distribuzione, partnership, sponsorizzazioni, ecc., che connotano le diverse strutture proprietarie ed organizzative di fronte alle opportunità ed alle sfide offerte dalla adozione dei nuovi media e dagli inevitabili processi di globalizzazione di cui questi sono portatori.
I modelli di business adottati dalle leghe presentano caratteristiche “firm specific” in relazione alla nuova centralità assunta dai new media: struttura organizzativa, acquisizione delle risorse strategiche, processi di sviluppo di nuove competenze, vanno progressivamente plasmandosi con modalità diverse evidenziate nello sviluppo dei singoli case studies.
Il lavoro di ricerca conferma l’ipotesi che i nuovi media hanno una influenza decisiva sulla evoluzione dei business models delle società sportive. I nuovi media offrono importanti opportunità per raggiungere la domanda di tifosi e appassionati, aumentare e diversificare le fonti di entrata e creare nuovo valore. Al fine di valorizzare le potenzialità offerte dai nuovi media e dalla globalizzazione, ciascuna delle major league analizzate adotta modelli di business specifici che si differenziano soprattutto per le modalità attraverso cui ogni lega sviluppa specifiche competenze relative alla gestione dei nuovi media.
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Wang, Yu-Ren y 王郁仁. "Statistical Analysis for winning prediction with Taiwan Sports Lottery on Major League Baseball". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n2j3es.
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碩士國立中山大學
應用數學系研究所
101
This work discusses about issues related to predictions of the results to determine win-or-lose on standard baseball season games in Major League Baseball (MLB) according to the information provided by the Taiwan Sports Lottery. Along with growth of the baseball kingdom, more and more detailed data have been collected, it is natural to use these baseball data to make predictions on the baseball game outcomes. The main objective of this study is to predict not only the original win-or-lose game results, but also results after adding the Handicap factor. Although after adding the Handicap factor, it is useful to include factor such as the up and down of the "Betting odds" before the game, in order to be able to make the real time prediction with higher accuracy in real time. Here, we use Cluster Analysis based on Value Over Replacement Player (VORP) to separate the games into three groups. Furthermore, Classification and Regression Tree methodology is used to classify game results including the Handicap factor. Through the above procedure we obtain a more accurate prediction results.
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Chien, Kuo-Hsin y 錢國欣. "Research on Optimal Schedule Generation of Professional Sports Game - A Case Study on Major League Baseball". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03240061308046842079.
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碩士淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
100
The scope of this study is on planning an optimal schedule for professional sports game. We take the MLB as an example to construct an effective schedule by a heuristic algorithm which meets the league rules. After collecting the references, we proceed to gather the information and to research it deeply for this case. We design the pattern for planning the schedules, and organize the related statistic reports about the scheduling. Finally, we estimate the results and analyze the targets. We expect to reduce the total moving distance of the MLB and make the schedule of the MLB fairer. This research applies the contests scheduling of year 2009 to 2011 of the MLB as a case study. It takes 4.2 hours to get the solution. The output of our system is shorter than the average moving distance of the MLB in recent 3 years by 147,000 km, and 23 out of the 30 teams can reduce their moving distances in the season. Moreover, the ratio between the two teams with the longest moving distance to the shortest moving distance is reduced by 36 %. That is, our approach makes the schedule fairer. We expect that this research can be used to establish the schedule decision support system for the MLB, and for other professional sports games around the world.
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Chuang, Pin-Luen y 莊品綸. "A Study of The Execution Model between Major and Minor Sports League Using The Corps Theory". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43685747194339259169.
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碩士國立中正大學
運動與休閒教育研究所
101
abstract The purpose of this study was to explore the six dimensions of sport major league and minor league by using CORPS theory, which included clients, operations, resources, participants, services, core decision in order to understand the running model and proposed the suitable strategy. This subject of this study was recruited by three faculties of major league and five faculties of minor league, which went to In-depth interview with recording the process, and then presented when converted to transcripts and encoded. Enhancing the consistency of the study by data triangulation, the results show as following: The clients of sports minor league were mainly senior lady and the elderly, which open exercise and recreation classes through farmers' associations, community development associations and local sport federations. The operations of the minor league to establish sports clubs and cooperated with enterprise and government project to maintain the stability of league; its financial resources came from county subsidy and additional donations, but the funding always not enough to balance. In participants part:, the faculty were part-time job and was shared with local sports federation, sports clubs and other organizations to assist sports volunteers, shared various administrative services; the functional services were included leisure, sports, aerobics majority especially; The all league affairs were decided by chairman and the general secretary. The clients of the major sports league came from minor league and local sport league to associate senior woman, elderly in township communities, which to assist sports clubs and sports classes; its operations were tutor and supervise leagues and sports clubs , connected with the government and enterprises to promote sports for all concept as the bridge between government and enterprise; its financial resources were came from project grants and donations, or supported from high finance or high socioeconomic status members; in participants , the internal business was hired by full-time staff and through professional courses to enhance their professional knowledge, with the establishment of sports volunteers to reduce the burden of full-time staff; their major services were administration counseling and sport event invitations to the minor sports league and sports clubs and they mostly invited dance and fitness sport clubs; The major league affairs were decided by chairman and the general secretary. After the results for this study, the current situation and shortage of operations situation for clients, financial, lack of manpower which suggesting to propose establishing information technology system, independent operations, recruiting full-time faculty, and simplification of administrative procedures.
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Shukaylo, Georgy. "Petco Park: Evaluating Economic Health of the Dining Establishment Industry in the Vicinity of a Downtown Major League Baseball Stadium". 2021. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/1024.
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This thesis analyzes the economic health of the dining establishments in
Downtown San Diego, CA, specifically in the vicinity of Petco Park. Opened in
2004, Petco Park is home to the San Diego Padres, a Major League Baseball
franchise. In addition, it serves as a venue for outdoor concerts and shows. The
venue is used for most of the year due to an expanded Major League Baseball
schedule, especially compared to other professional sports. Much of the
transformation of San Diego’s Downtown can be attributed to the late 1990’s East
Village Revitalization Plan, which included municipal anchors like the San Diego
Central Library, the San Diego Convention Center, and Petco Park.
By looking at the restaurant industry as of 2019, this thesis strives to
provide a better understanding of how an urban entertainment anchor provides
grounds for mutually beneficial conditions to small businesses. Additionally, this
thesis integrates the concept of economic health into the larger field of
knowledge around urban professional sports stadia. Further, this thesis aims to
burgeon a framework for taxonomic research of professional sports stadia.