Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Maclean, D. and M"

E-learning is being considered one crucial method of education, and various models and methods are being used to test its implementation and accomplishments. Among many, the DeLone MacLean information success (IS) success model is the most widely used in the assessment of e-learning systems’ success evaluation. The aim of this research was to study the effectiveness of the platforms used in e-learning at the Mongolian University of Science and Technology. In this study, we used the D&M IS Success Model to examine whether e-learning can be a successful transmitter of knowledge. Our intention was to assess the success of e-learning by the D&M IS Success Model, define the impact of current e-learning practice on individuals, and identify the factors that affect the quality. The survey covered 685 undergraduate and graduate students of the Mongolian University of Science and Technology. Results demonstrated that high-quality systems and information upsurge the individual impact. In addition, increased and continuous usage of e-learning systems plays a mediating role between system quality and individual impact. To ensure the continuous use and effectiveness of e-learning systems, special attention should be paid to factors such as service quality, systems’ simplicity and flexibility, and customer satisfaction.

Abstract Todd, C. D., Friedland, K. D., MacLean, J. C., Whyte, B. D., Russell, I. C., Lonergan, M. E., and Morrissey, M. B. 2012. Phenological and phenotypic changes in Atlantic salmon populations in response to a changing climate. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1686–1698. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of southern European origin migrating to the Norwegian Sea currently encounter anomalously high sea-surface temperatures, and returning adults are of low mean condition factor. For the River North Esk (Scotland), time-series changes in river age-structure of emigrant smolts and returning one- and two-sea-winter (1SW and 2SW) adults are assessed. A comparison of the river age-structure of returning adults (1977–1999) with that of their respective annual emigrant smolt cohorts shows no evidence of river age-related bias in survivorship at sea. Evidence is presented of a possible transgenerational, or maternal, influence (poor somatic condition of spawners) driving reduced quality of emigrant S2 smolts in the North Esk. This effect is concurrent with an influence of freshwater climate as indicated by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). The maternal influence and NAOI variation in the winter immediately prior to smolt migration jointly explain approximately 29 (S2) and 17% (S3), respectively, of the variation in the mean size of smolts over the period 1975–2010. Run-timing of 1SW adult cohorts returning to Scotland shows recent delays. Variation in river flow did influence mean return date for the River Tweed, but adult condition factor, which itself shows temporal trends likely to be associated with ocean climate change, was the primary significant explanatory variable for run-timing in the rivers North Esk and Tweed. Overall, in years of poorer adult condition, 1SW salmon stay at sea longer.

Let D be a bounded region in ℝm, m ≥ 2. We say that a function u defined in D has asymptotic value α if there is a boundary path Γ:x(t), 0≤t<1, in D (that is, dist (x(t), ∂D)→0 as t→1), such that u(x(t))→α as t→1. If in addition, x(t)→ξ as t→1, then u has asymptotic value α at ξ.

Abstract Russell, I. C., Aprahamian, M. W., Barry, J., Davidson, I. C., Fiske, P., Ibbotson, A. T., Kennedy, R. J., Maclean, J. C., Moore, A., Otero, J., Potter, E. C. E., and Todd, C. D. 2012. The influence of the freshwater environment and the biological characteristics of Atlantic salmon smolts on their subsequent marine survival. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1563–1573. Atlantic salmon have declined markedly in the past 20–30 years throughout their range. Much of the focus for this decline has been on increased mortality during the marine phase of the life cycle. However, marine mortality does not operate independently of factors acting in freshwater and the biological characteristics of smolts migrating to sea. Over recent decades, juvenile salmon in many rivers have grown faster and migrated to sea at a younger age, so have been typically smaller than earlier. This has shortened the generation time for many individuals and may dampen the impact of increased marine mortality, assuming that expected higher in-river survival prior to smolting is not outweighed by increased mortality of smaller smolts at sea. Over the same period, smolt run-timing across the geographic range has been earlier, at an average rate of almost 3 d per decade. This has given rise to growing concerns about smolts potentially missing the optimum environmental migration “window”, the timing of which may also be changing. Contaminants and other factors operating in freshwater also impact smolt quality with adverse consequences for their physiological readiness for life at sea. Given that managers have very limited ability to influence the broad scale factors limiting salmon survival at sea, it is vital that freshwater habitats are managed to both maximize the smolt output and to minimize the impact of factors acting in freshwater that may compromise salmon once they migrate to sea.

A comparative analysis of hypocotyl development was undertaken with seedlings of three Vaccinieae (Ericaceae) species ( Macleania pentaptera Hoerold, Macleania rupestris (Kunth) A.C. Sm., and Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) to determine the developmental basis for enlarged hypocotyls leading to the development of woody tubers (lignotubers) in M. pentaptera and M. rupestris. Differences in hypocotyl development are apparent after the first true leaves are visible in each species. Vascular tissue in M. rupestris and V. angustifolium is composed primarily of axial columns of secondary xylem. Secondary xylem tissues in M. pentaptera remain mostly parenchymatous and form radial columns of cells through numerous periclinal divisions. Furthermore, the secondary xylem of M. pentaptera comprises random networks of interconnected, small xylem elements in comparison with the secondary xylem of M. rupestris and V. angustifolium. These differences in hypocotyl development persist through the first 200 d of hypocotyl development, and ultimately lead to the development of a large lignotuber in M. pentaptera. Given the large amounts of parenchymatous tissue, a secondary xylem of relatively short secondary xylem elements, and the absence of adventitious buds, we propose that the lignotubers of M. pentaptera are used for short term water storage, rather than regeneration.

Dendromonocotyle bradsmithi n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) is described from the dorsal skin surface of the southern eagle ray, Myliobatis australis Macleay, 1881, collected from the mouth of the Port Adelaide River, Adelaide, South Australia. Specimens of D. bradsmithi were also found on 2 M. australis specimens collected off Mandurah, Western Australia (WA) and on 1 M. australis kept in a public aquarium in Perth (AQWA),WA. Dendromonocotyle bradsmithi is distinguished most easily from the other 12 species in the genus by the morphology of the distal portion of the male copulatory organ. The anatomy of the oncomiracidium determined by examining live larvae and the distribution of the ciliated epidermal cells and sensilla revealed by silver staining are also provided.

Abstract Bacon, P. J., Palmer, S. C. F., MacLean, J. C., Smith, G. W., Whyte, B. D. M., Gurney, W. S. C., and Youngson, A. F. 2009. Empirical analyses of the length, weight, and condition of adult Atlantic salmon on return to the Scottish coast between 1963 and 2006. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 844–859. Sea age, size, and condition of adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are prime determinants of individual, and hence population, productivity. To elucidate potential mechanisms, 151 000 records of salmon returning to six Scottish coastal sites over 44 years were analysed for length, weight, and condition, by site, sex, sea age, and river age. After correcting for capture effort biases, all sites showed seasonal increases in length and weight for both 1 sea winter (1SW) and 2SW fish. However, whereas condition increased slightly with season for 2SW, it decreased notably for 1SW. Sites showed common decadal trends in length, weight, and condition. Within years, length and weight residuals from trends were coherent across sites, but residuals from condition trends were not. Rates of seasonal condition change also showed decadal trends, dramatically different between sea ages, but common across sites within sea-age groups. Longer salmon were disproportionately heavy in all seasons. 1SW condition was markedly lower in 2006. Detrended correlations with oceanic environmental variables were generally not significant, and always weak. A published correlation between the condition of 1SW salmon caught at a single site and sea surface temperatures in the Northeast Atlantic could not be substantiated for any of the six fisheries over the wider time-scales examined.

Abstract Classically, the interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) is expressed on the surface of T cells where activation by its ligand, interleukin-23 (IL-23) leads to T cell activation through the JAK/STAT pathway. Here, we identify a novel localization and function for IL-23R in which intracellular IL-23R is necessary for AML viability by regulating mitotic spindle and centrosome formation. IL-23R was identified as a potential target through InterLinked Therapeutics’ ITX machine learning platform. IL-23R was identified through this unbiased in silico screen as a top hit and a potential regulator of the G2/M checkpoint and mitotic spindle. We confirmed that IL-23R protein was overexpressed &gt;2-fold in 6 of 8 primary AML patient samples compared to mean IL-23R expression in normal hematopoietic cells. Consistent with prior studies, we confirmed cell surface localization of IL-23R in double negative T cells by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. In contrast, only small amounts of IL-23R were detected on the surface of AML cells and primary AML patient samples. Rather, IL-23R was located intracellularly as demonstrated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and immunoblotting of subcellular fractions. We confirmed intracellular localization of IL-23R in AML cells using 4 different antibodies targeted against 4 different epitopes of the receptor. We used BioID mass spectrometry to identify novel protein interactors with intracellular IL-23R and identified 61 interacting proteins. 36 of those 61 were nuclear or cytoplasmic in localization and the largest subset was associated with mitotic spindle regulation. By Proximity Ligation Assay, we confirmed the interactions between endogenous IL-23R with known mitotic spindle proteins NUMA, TMEM201, BAG6, and TACC1 in OCI-AML2 cells and primary AML samples. By confocal microscopy, we discovered that IL-23R co-localized with the mitotic spindle and centrosomes in AML cells. Genetic knockout of IL-23R increased spindle defects with multipolarity, lagging chromosomes, and spindle orientation errors. Interestingly, heterodimeric partner of IL-23R, IL12Rβ1 was also detected to be co-localized with mitotic spindles but the cytokine, IL-23, could not be detected. Knockdown of IL-23R also reduced cell growth in OCI-AML2, TEX, K562, NB4, and U937 cells. IL-23R knockdown also reduced the clonogenic growth and engraftment efficiency of TEX leukemia cells into murine bone marrow. In summary, intracellular IL-23R is a critical regulator of mitosis in AML and is necessary for AML viability. This study highlights a novel function and localization of IL-23R in AML and identifies a potential therapeutic target. Citation Format: Nathan Duong, Dilshad H. Khan, Geethu E. Thomas, Rose Hurren, Jong Bok Lee, Jonathan St-Germain, Lily Drimmer, Yongran Yan, Neil MacLean, Marcela Gronda, Brandon D. Brown, Brian Raught, Andrea Arruda, Hong Chang, Mark D. Minden, Li Zhang, Steven M. Kornblau, Vito Spadavecchio, Aaron D. Schimmer. Interleukin 23 receptor is a critical regulator of the mitotic spindle and necessary for AML viability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 333.

Abstract Diffuse glioma is characterized by a poor prognosis and a universal resistance to therapy, though the evolutionary processes behind this resistance remain unclear. The Glioma Longitudinal Analysis (GLASS) Consortium has previously demonstrated that therapy-induced selective pressures shape the genetic evolution of glioma in a stochastic manner. However, single-cell studies have revealed that malignant glioma cells are highly plastic and transition their cell state in response to diverse challenges, including changes in the microenvironment and the administration of standard-of-care therapy. To interrogate the factors driving therapy resistance in diffuse glioma, we collected and analyzed RNA- and/or DNA-sequencing data from temporally separated tumor pairs of over 300 adult patients with IDH-wild-type or IDH-mutant glioma. In a subset of these tumor pairs, we additionally performed multiplex immunofluorescence to capture the spatial relationship between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Recurrent tumors exhibited diverse changes that were attributable to changes in histological features, somatic alterations, and microenvironment interactions. IDH-wild-type tumors overall were more invasive at recurrence and exhibited increased expression of neuronal signaling programs that reflected a possible role for neuronal interactions in promoting glioma progression. In contrast, recurrent IDH-mutant tumors exhibited a significant increase in proliferative expression programs that correlated with discrete genetic changes. Hypermutation and acquired CDKN2A homozygous deletions associated with an increase in proliferating stem-like malignant cells at recurrence in both glioma subtypes, reflecting active tumor expansion. A transition to the mesenchymal phenotype was associated with the presence of a specific myeloid cell state defined by unique ligand-receptor interactions with malignant cells, providing opportunities to target this transition through therapy. Collectively, our results uncover recurrence-associated changes in genetics and the microenvironment that can be targeted to shape disease progression following initial diagnosis. Citation Format: Frederick S. Varn, Kevin C. Johnson, Jan Martinek, Jason T. Huse, MacLean P. Nasrallah, Pieter Wesseling, Lee A. Cooper, Tathiane M. Malta, Taylor E. Wade, Thais S. Sabedot, Daniel J. Brat, Peter V. Gould, Adelheid Wöehrer, Kenneth Aldape, Azzam Ismail, Floris P. Barthel, Hoon Kim, Emre Kocakavuk, Nazia Ahmed, Kieron White, Santhosh Sivajothi, Indrani Datta, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Spyridon Bakas, Fulvio D'Angelo, Hui K. Gan, Luciano Garofano, Mustafa Khasraw, Simona Migliozzi, D. Ryan Ormond, Sun Ha Paek, Erwin G. Van Meir, Annemiek M. Walenkamp, Colin Watts, Michael Weller, Tobias Weiss, Karolina Palucka, Lucy F. Stead, Laila M. Poisson, Houtan Noushmehr, Antonio Iavarone, Roel G. Verhaak, The GLASS Consortium. Longitudinal analysis of diffuse glioma reveals cell state dynamics at recurrence associated with changes in genetics and the microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2168.

cDNA encoding Ca2+-ATPase was cloned from a chicken skeletal muscle library. The cDNA (termed FCa) comprised 3,239 base pairs, including an open reading frame encoding 994 amino acids which showed the highest degree of homology with the adult rabbit fast-twitch Ca2+-ATPase isoform (C. J. Brandl, S. de Leon, D. R. Martin, and D. H. MacLennan, J. Biol. Chem. 262:3768-3774, 1987). Radiolabeled FCa hybridized to a 3.2-kilobase transcript in chicken skeletal muscle RNA but not to cardiac muscle RNA, which confirmed its identity as encoding the fast Ca2+-ATPase isoenzyme. FCa was transfected into the mouse myogenic line C2C12, from which a protein of 100 kilodaltons was immunopurified by using a monoclonal antibody specific for the avian fast Ca2+-ATPase. Immunofluorescence microscopy of a line (designated C2FCa2) stably expressing the avian Ca2+-ATPase localized the protein to the nuclear envelope and a population of cytoplasmic vesicles. A similar pattern was observed when C2FCa2 cells were stained with DiOC6(3), a cyanine dye that labels endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (M. Terasaki, J. Song, J. R. Wong, M. J. Weiss, and L. B. Chen, Cell 38:101-108, 1984). We conclude that the avian Ca2+-ATPase fast isoform is expressed and correctly targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum in mouse C2C12 cells.

cDNA encoding Ca2+-ATPase was cloned from a chicken skeletal muscle library. The cDNA (termed FCa) comprised 3,239 base pairs, including an open reading frame encoding 994 amino acids which showed the highest degree of homology with the adult rabbit fast-twitch Ca2+-ATPase isoform (C. J. Brandl, S. de Leon, D. R. Martin, and D. H. MacLennan, J. Biol. Chem. 262:3768-3774, 1987). Radiolabeled FCa hybridized to a 3.2-kilobase transcript in chicken skeletal muscle RNA but not to cardiac muscle RNA, which confirmed its identity as encoding the fast Ca2+-ATPase isoenzyme. FCa was transfected into the mouse myogenic line C2C12, from which a protein of 100 kilodaltons was immunopurified by using a monoclonal antibody specific for the avian fast Ca2+-ATPase. Immunofluorescence microscopy of a line (designated C2FCa2) stably expressing the avian Ca2+-ATPase localized the protein to the nuclear envelope and a population of cytoplasmic vesicles. A similar pattern was observed when C2FCa2 cells were stained with DiOC6(3), a cyanine dye that labels endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (M. Terasaki, J. Song, J. R. Wong, M. J. Weiss, and L. B. Chen, Cell 38:101-108, 1984). We conclude that the avian Ca2+-ATPase fast isoform is expressed and correctly targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum in mouse C2C12 cells.

We developed and administered two questionnaires to assess the interview experience of both interviewers and applicants during postgraduate medical selection interviews. Using a 5 point likert scale, the questionnaires assessed three areas (1) ability to show/assess communication, interpersonal and problem solving skills; (2) ability to know the other side well and (3) level of comfort with the interview. Interviewers and applicants were asked to provide a global rating for the interview. The questionnaires were administered to both candidates and applicants from 6 departments in 18 in-person and 12 video interviews. 30 applicant and 87 interviewer survey forms were collected and analyzed. T-tests were used to compare the means of the two groups and significance levels were analyzed. Both interviewers and applicants had a higher average global satisfaction for video interviews compared to in person interviews. No difference was indicated in the ability of interviewers to assess the applicants’ skills between the two types of interviews. For both interviewers and applicants, video interviews, compared to in person interview, had a lower average score for connecting personally & establishing rapport and for satisfaction with administrative arrangements. Video interviewed applicants had a 50% probability of getting accepted in a program compared to 22% of in person interviewed candidates. We conclude that video interviews appear to be a valuable alternative to in-person interviews, with some sacrifice in personal connection and rapport. Video interviews result in significant time and cost savings for international applicants and have potential implications for the CaRMS process as well. Sackett KM, Campbell-Heider N, Blyth JB. The evolution and evaluation of videoconferencing technology for graduate nursing education. Comput Inform Nurs. 2004 (Mar-Apr); 22(2):101-6. Shepherd L, Goldstein D, Whitford H, Thewes B, Brummell V, Hicks M. The utility of videoconferencing to provide innovative delivery of psychological treatment for rural cancer patients: results of a pilot study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006 (Nov); 32(5):453-61. Arena J, Dennis N, Devineni T, Maclean R, Meador K. A pilot study of feasibility and efficacy of telemedicine-delivered psychophysiological treatment for vascular headache. Telemed J E Health 2004 (Winter); 10(4):449-54.

Ten book reviews in the January 2002 issue of Notes and Records : Frances Ashcroft, Life at the extremes: the science of survival . Rethinking the Scientific Revolution , edited by Margaret J. Osler. Abraham Pais, The genius of science. A portrait gallery of twentieth-century physicists . Elly Dekker, Globes at Greenwich . John D. Barrow, The book of nothing . Adam Hart-Davis, Chain reactions: pioneers of British science and technology and the stories that link them . Newton and religion: context, nature, and influence , edited by James E. Force and Richard H. Popkin. Roy M. MacLeod, The ‘creed of science’ in Victorian England . R. A. Fortey, F.R.S., Trilobite! Eyewitness to evolution . Owen Beattie and John Geiger, Frozen in time: the fate of the Franklin expedition .

MacLeod, A. L., Langrell, D. E. and Edney, M. J. 2014. Comparison of harvest and export surveys of Canadian malting barley quality. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 587–592. The Canadian Grain Commission conducts an annual harvest survey to determine the quality of each year's malting barley crop. Throughout the year, quality testing is also performed on export shipments of malting barley as part of a quality monitoring program. The testing protocol includes barley quality parameters as well as micro-malting and malt quality analysis. In this study, results from the two surveys were compared over an 11-yr period. Overall, the harvest survey was a reliable predictor of the quality of barley exports. Barley quality was more closely correlated between the two surveys than malt quality. Several factors were identified which contributed to differences between the two survey programs.

Abstract To identify novel biological vulnerabilities in AML, we searched for gene ontologies that were upregulated in AML compared to normal hematopoietic cells. Of the upregulated processes, the mitotic spindle ontology was a top hit. Unexpectedly, expression of the IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) showed a strong positive correlation with the mitotic spindle ontology. IL-23R is a cell surface cytokine receptor that is canonically expressed on T cells, but not known to have a role in AML. In 7 of 7 tested AML cell lines and 15 of 20 primary AML patient samples, IL-23R protein was expressed &gt;2 fold higher compared to mean IL-23R in normal mononuclear hematopoietic cells (n=5) and CD34+ cells (n=3). IL-23R is classically a T cell surface receptor and we confirmed localization to the cell surface in T cells. However, only small amounts of IL-23R were present on the cell surface of AML cell lines and primary AML samples. Rather, in AML cells, primary AML samples, and AML stem cells, IL-23R was located intracellularly as determined by 4 different modalities and 4 different antibodies directed against 4 different epitopes of the receptor. Of note, only the full-length IL-23R protein was detected by immunoblotting. We also detected IL-23R’s heterodimeric partner, IL12Rβ1, in AML cells. To understand the function of intracellular IL-23R, we used BioID mass spectrometry to identify proteins that interacted with IL-23R. Pathway analysis of interacting proteins identified mitotic spindle formation as the top pathway. Using Proximity Ligation Assays, we validated interactions with mitotic spindle proteins, and BioID hits, NUMA, TMEM201, TACC1, and BAG6 in AML cells. By confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that IL-23R colocalized with the mitotic spindle and centrosomes in AML cells and primary AML samples. IL-23R interacted with the mitotic spindle via its (S/T)x(I/L)P motif (amino acids 588-591). IL-12Rβ1 was also found in complex with IL-23R at the mitotic spindle in AML cells. Additionally, it was discovered that the cytokine, IL-23, promoted translocation of IL-23R to the mitotic spindle through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Knockdown and knockout of IL-23R in AML cells led to dysregulation of the mitotic spindle with multipolarity, lagging chromosomes, and other spindle defects. Knockdown of IL-23R also reduced proliferation, clonogenic growth, and marrow engraftment of AML cells and primary AML samples. In contrast, knockdown of IL-23R in normal CD34+ cells did not impair engraftment. Likewise, constitutive homozygote IL-23R knockout mice had no difference in complete blood counts and stem cell number/function compared to wild type. In summary, IL-23R interacts with the mitotic spindle and centrosome where it regulates mitotic spindle formation and is critical for AML cell viability. Thus, we discover a novel function for IL-23R and a potential therapeutic target for this disease. Citation Format: Nathan Duong, Dilshad H. Khan, Geethu E. Thomas, Rose Hurren, Jong Bok Lee, Jonathan St-Germain, Lily Drimmer, Yongran Yan, Neil Maclean, Marcela Gronda, Vincent Rondeau, Brandon D. Brown, Courtney L. Jones, Hong Chang, Andrea Arruda, Mark D. Minden, Li Zhang, Steven M. Kornblau, Brian Raught, Vito Spadavecchio, Aaron D. Schimmer. IL-23R is a regulator of the mitotic spindle and is critical for cell viability in AML [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1646.

Macleaya microcarpa (Maxim.) Fedde, also known as smallfruit plume poppy, is a perennial herb belonging to the family Papaveraceae. The plant, together with the better-known species M. cordata (Willd.) R. Br., is native to central China and is now planted worldwide for medicinal purposes. In October 2008 and August 2009, dozens of smallfruit plume poppy planted in the Kraków Botanical Garden, Poland, were found to be severely infected with a powdery mildew. White colonies with abundant sporulation developed on both sides of leaves and young stems, forming circular to irregular patches. Infections caused leaf yellowing and premature defoliation. The damage has been observed every year since 2009. Representative voucher specimens were deposited in the fungal herbarium of the W. Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences (KRAM) and the Korea University herbarium (KUS). Appressoria on the mycelia were lobed, often in pairs. Conidiophores composed of three to four cells arose from the upper part of creeping hyphae, 65 to 120 × 7 to 10 μm, attenuated toward the base, sub-straight or slightly flexuous in foot-cells, and produced conidia singly. Conidia were hyaline, oblong-elliptical to doliiform, 25 to 38 × 12 to 18 μm with a length/width ratio of 1.8 to 2.6; lacked fibrosin bodies; and produced germ tubes on the subterminal position with club-shaped or lobed appressoria. The conidial surface was wrinkled to irregularly reticulate. No chasmothecia were found. The structures described above match well with the anamorph of Erysiphe macleayae R.Y. Zheng & G.Q. Chen (3). To confirm the identity of the causal fungus, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of rDNA from KUS-F24459 was amplified using primers ITS5 and P3 (4) and directly sequenced. The resulting sequence of 553 bp was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. JQ681217). A GenBank BLAST search using the present data revealed >99% sequence similarity of the isolate with E. macleayae on M. cordata from Japan (AB016048). Pathogenicity was confirmed through inoculation by gently pressing diseased leaves onto leaves of three healthy potted plants. Three noninoculated plants served as controls. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25°C. Inoculated plants developed signs and symptoms after 7 days, whereas the control plants remained healthy. The fungus present on the inoculated plants was morphologically identical to that originally observed on diseased plants. The powdery mildew infections of M. cordata associated with E. macleayae have been recorded in China and Japan (2), and more recently in Germany (1,3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. macleayae on M. microcarpa globally as well as in Poland. This mildew species was described in China and is endemic to Asia, where chasmothecia of the fungus were found. Only recently have powdery mildews been found on M. cordata in Germany (1,3) and now on M. microcarpa in Poland, indicating the fungus is spreading in Europe. References: (1) N. Ale-Agha et al. Schlechtendalia 17:39, 2008. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases, Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory, ARS, USDA. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ , February 7, 2012. (3) A. Schmidt and M. Scholler. Mycotaxon 115:287, 2011. (4) S. Takamatsu et al. Mycol. Res. 113:117, 2009.

The prevalence of ADHD children increases every year. Some researchers have shown that psychosocial behavior therapy (antecedents-consequences modification) was effective to decrease hyperactivity and increase attention to ADHD children. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of antecedents-consequences modification by parents and teachers to decrease hyperactivity and increase attention to a 6 years old boy with ADHD. The study was a single case experimental design. Psychosocial behavior therapy has been used with antecedents-consequences modification. The antecedents-consequences modification was applied by teacher at school and parents at home. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results showed that there’s a significant decrease of hyperactivity behavior and significant increase of doing his assignment both at school and also at home. Not only about the content of behavior therapy itself, but how to give the therapy is important. Parents and teacher should do the therapy consistently, immediately, specifically and saliency to reach the target of intervention. Keywords: ADHD Children, Antecedents, Consequences, Modification Reference: (APA), A. A. P. (2013). Diagnostic and Manual of Mental Disorder (5th ed.). Arlington: American Psychiatric Association. Amalia, R. (2018). Intervensi terhadap Anak Usia Dini yang Mengalami Gangguan ADHD Melalui Pendekatan Kognitif Perilaku dan Alderian Play Therapy. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v2i1.4 Anastopoulos, A.D; Farley, S. . (2003). A Cognitive Behavioural Training Program for Parents of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. In W. J. Kazdin, Alan E (Ed.), Evidence-based psychotherapies for children and adolescents (pp. 187–203). New York: Guildford Press. Barkley, Russell A; DuPaul, G.L ; McMurray, M. . (1990). A comprehensive evaluation of attention deficit disorder with and without hyperactivity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 775–789. Barkley, R. A. (2006). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder : A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (3rd ed.). New York City: Guildford Press. Barlow, D.H ; Hersen, M. (1984). Single case experimental design : Strategies for studying behavior change (2nd ed.). New York: Pergamon Press. Baumeister, S., Wolf, I., Holz, N., Boecker-Schlier, R., Adamo, N., Holtmann, M., … Brandeis, D. (2018). Neurofeedback Training Effects on Inhibitory Brain Activation in ADHD: A Matter of Learning? Neuroscience, 378, 89–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.025 Cantwell, D. P., & Baker, L. (1991). Association between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and learning disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 24(2), 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/002221949102400205 Center for Children and Families. (2019). 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Abstract Rotherham, D., Broadhurst, M. K., Gray, C. A., and Johnson, D. D. 2008. Developing a beam trawl for sampling estuarine fish and crustaceans: assessment of a codend cover and effects of different sizes of mesh in the body and codend. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 687–696. An experiment was carried out in the Clarence River (New South Wales, Australia) to test the hypotheses that fish and crustacean catches in an experimental beam trawl were affected by a codend cover and the sizes of mesh in the body and codend. The cover had no obvious effects on the catches retained in the codend. Similarly, in comparisons between trawl bodies made from 26- and 41-mm diamond-shaped mesh, there were no differences in the assemblages of fish caught, or in the mean numbers entering the codends. For one species of fish (Acanthopagrus australis), however, there were differences in the proportions caught between the trawl bodies across different size classes. There was also some evidence to suggest that mesh size in the body of the trawl influenced the size selection of school prawns (Metapenaeus macleayi). For most finfish, there were no differences in catches between codends made from 20-mm and from 29-mm mesh hung on the bar (i.e. square-shaped mesh). In contrast, mesh size in the codend was important for the size selectivity of school prawns, with smaller carapace lengths at 50% retention in the 20-mm codend. We conclude that use of a 41-mm mesh in the body and a 20-mm square mesh in the codend of the beam trawl would be appropriate for future sampling with this gear in estuaries of New South Wales. A similar experimental approach to ours is needed in adapting the beam trawl to estuaries in other parts of the world, or in developing other types of research trawl.

Introduction Changing lifestyle can delay the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although there are evidence-based recommendations on diet and physical activity (PA; Colberg et al., 2016; Evert et al., 2019), T2D patients have difficulties implementing them (Booth, et al., 2013). Therefore, we have developed an intervention to promote PA and a healthy diet. While providing a supportive lifestyle change program for T2D patients, the recruitment entails difficulties. Objective The objective is to describe the design of the study and the intervention. As the study is still ongoing, the screening and recruitment process is to be analysed in more detail. Methods The intervention is investigated in a two-arm randomised controlled trial with N = 90 participants. Participants of the intervention group receive a one-year personal health coaching via telephone and access to an application. The intervention adapts the lifestyle recommendations to the individual needs based on achievable goals. The motivation and volition concept and behavior change techniques are used to empower participants to implement a healthy lifestyle. The control group receives access to the application. Primary outcomes are objectively measured PA and HbA1c. All outcomes are measured at baseline, at 27 weeks after inclusion and at 54 weeks after inclusion. Since May 2021, patients with T2D have been screened in two hospitals according to the study criteria (Hohberg et al., 2022). Due to a small number of eligible and interested patients, the criteria were adjusted in the course of the study and recruitment strategies were evaluated and adapted. Results Before the amendment of the inclusion criteria, 6.4% (113/1776; 05/2021-01/2022), and after the amendment, 22% (274/1243; 02/2022-10/2022) of T2D patients were eligible for the study. Finally, 1.8% (54/3019) of screened and 14% (54/387) of patients eligible for the study could be included. Reasons leading to a decline in participation are still being reviewed up to the conference. Exemplary reasons are e.g. no motivation, no time or too much stress, the program is not suitable for them or they are no longer contactable. Conclusion A strict definition of inclusion criteria as it is common in clinical trials with T2D patients results in only a very small part of the patients treated in the hospital being eligible for the study. Of these patients, only a few have interest or capacity to participate in the study. Researchers planning lifestyle interventions for T2D patients need to critically reflect on inclusion criteria and the recruitment process in order to obtain study results which are finally applicable to the real-world clinical population. References Booth, A. O., Lowis, C., Dean, M., Hunter, S. J., & McKinley, M. C. (2013). Diet and physical activity in the self-management of type 2 diabetes: barriers and facilitators identified by patients and health professionals. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 14(3), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1463423612000412 Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Yardley, J. E., Riddell, M. C., Dunstan, D. W., Dempsey, P. C., Horton, E. S., Castorino, K., & Tate, D. F. (2016). Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: A position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065-2079. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc16-1728 Evert, A. B., Dennison, M., Gardner, C. D., Garvey, W. T., Lau, K. H. K., MacLeod, J., Mitri, J., Pereira, R. F., Rawlings, K., Robinson, S., Saslow, L., Uelmen, S., Urbanski, W. S., & Yancy Jr., W. S. (2019). Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: A consensus report. Diabetes Care, 42(5), 731-754. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0014 Hohberg, V., Kreppke, J.-N., Kohl, J., Seelig, E., Zahner, L., Streckmann, F., Gerber, M., König, D., & Faude, O. (2022). Effectiveness of a personal health coaching intervention (diabetescoach) in patients with type 2 diabetes: Protocol for an open-label, pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 12(6), Article e057948. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057948

Sharenting is a habit of using social media to share content that disseminates pictures, videos, information, and parenting styles for their children. The purpose of this article is to describe the sharenting phenomenon that occurs among young parents, and the importance of parenting programs, rather than protecting children's privacy. Writing articles use a qualitative approach as a literature review method that utilizes various scientific articles describing the sharenting phenomenon in various countries. The findings show that sharenting behaviour can create the spread of children's identity openly on social media and tends not to protect children's privacy and even seems to exploit children. Apart from that, sharenting can also create pressure on the children themselves and can even have an impact on online crime. 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The evolution of mitogenic pathways has led to the parallel requirement for negative control mechanisms, which prevent aberrant growth and the development of cancer. Principally, such negative control mechanisms are represented by tumor suppressor genes, which normally act to constrain cell proliferation (Macleod, K. 2000. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 10:81–93). Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disorder, characterized by mutations in either TSC1 or TSC2, whose gene products hamartin (TSC1) and tuberin (TSC2) constitute a putative tumor suppressor complex (TSC1-2; van Slegtenhorst, M., M. Nellist, B. Nagelkerken, J. Cheadle, R. Snell, A. van den Ouweland, A. Reuser, J. Sampson, D. Halley, and P. van der Sluijs. 1998. Hum. Mol. Genet. 7:1053–1057). Little is known with regard to the oncogenic target of TSC1-2, however recent genetic studies in Drosophila have shown that S6 kinase (S6K) is epistatically dominant to TSC1-2 (Tapon, N., N. Ito, B.J. Dickson, J.E. Treisman, and I.K. Hariharan. 2001. Cell. 105:345–355; Potter, C.J., H. Huang, and T. Xu. 2001. Cell. 105:357–368). Here we show that loss of TSC2 function in mammalian cells leads to constitutive S6K1 activation, whereas ectopic expression of TSC1-2 blocks this response. Although activation of wild-type S6K1 and cell proliferation in TSC2-deficient cells is dependent on the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), by using an S6K1 variant (GST-ΔC-S6K1), which is uncoupled from mTOR signaling, we demonstrate that TSC1-2 does not inhibit S6K1 via mTOR. Instead, we show by using wortmannin and dominant interfering alleles of phosphatidylinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K) that increased S6K1 activation is contingent upon the suppression of TSC2 function by PI3K in normal cells and is PI3K independent in TSC2-deficient cells.

Edney, M. J., MacLeod, A. L. and LaBerge, D. E. 2014. Evolution of a quality testing program for improving malting barley in Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 535–544. The quality of Canadian malting barley has continually improved since malt barley was exported in the late 1800s. Improvements were linked to a dynamic evaluation system that evolved with a better understanding of malting biochemistry and as suitable methods were developed. Methods became more accurate and more specific in their ability to define quality. They progressed from sensory evaluation, to surmising malt quality from barley protein levels, to the first micro-maltings followed by automated laboratory-scale maltings. Malt quality analysis started simply with malt extract and diastatic power followed by wort protein. As the necessity for cell wall breakdown became better understood, analyses like wort viscosity, fine/coarse grind extract differences and wort β-glucan were adopted. A continuum of cultivars were released in Canada, based on this evaluation system, starting with the six-rowed releases OAC 21, then Montcalm and Bonanza, followed by the two-rowed releases Betzes, Klages, Harrington and AC Metcalfe. Release of future cultivars will depend on an evolving evaluation system that could include; barley homogeneity, specific starch-degrading enzymes, individual amino acids and specific traits such as low lipoxygenase and low phytic acid barley. The result will be development and release of cultivars with better defined quality that can fill specialized niches in the malting and brewing industries of the future.

RESUMENMiguel Archer forma parte del enorme contingente de exiliados que dejaron Irlanda durante el siglo xviii y se establecieron a comienzos de la centuria en la villa de Bilbao. Junto a su mujer, María Geraldino –también irlandesa–, crio una próspera y exitosa familia, al tiempo que se posicionaba sólidamente en el comercio y la sociedad bilbaína. Archer trabajó en múltiples ámbitos para el Consulado de Bilbao, vínculo que su hijo Miguel hizo perdurar y engrandecer durante años. El padre ejerció durante más de 30 años como arqueador y corredor de navíos en el puerto bilbaíno, cargo que fue legándose sucesivamente a través de varios miembros de la familia. El hijo fue designado maestro de la recién creada y pionera Escuela de Náutica de Bilbao –que años después le propiciaría el nombramiento como capitán de fragata–, así como toda una suerte de comisiones relacionadas con la ingeniería civil –en muchos casos de gran relevancia– que las instituciones vizcaínas precisaban. Sin embargo, en lo más alto de los logros que la familia había alcanzado, en 1752 las calamidades comenzaron a recaer sobre los Archer-Geraldino en una sucesión de tragedias que acabarían con la casi totalidad de la familia en unos pocos años. Palabras clave: Archer, Geraldino, Consulado de Bilbao, corredor de navíosTopónimos: Bilbao, IrlandaPeríodo: siglo xviii ABSTRACTMiguel Archer is part of the huge number of exiled Catholics that were forced to leave Ireland during the early modern period. He settled in Bilbao in the early 18th century, where he married Maria Geraldino, also an Irishwoman, and both raised a prosperous and successful family whereas Archer took hold in the trade and society of Bilbao. He worked for the Consulate of Bilbao in different ways; and likewise the link was preserved and enlarged by his son Miguel. The father acted as a ship tonnage surveyor and sworn translator –successively bequeathed to other relatives– in the port of Bilbao for more than thirty years. The son was nominated lecturer of the newly created and pioneer Navigation School of Bilbao –lately enabling his appointment as navy commander in Spanish Armada– as well as many commissions related to civil engineering issues very relevant for the Biscayan public bodies. Nevertheless, in the summit of the family achievements, in 1752 a series of misfortunes arose to the Archer-Geraldinos and they were nearly extinguished as a result of a succession of tragedies in very few years. Keywords: Archer, FitzGerald/Geraldine, Consulate of Bilbao, sworn translatorPlace name: Bilbao, IrelandPeriod: 18th century REFERENCIASBilbao Acedos, A. (1999): “Los Irlandeses y el sector del curtido en Bizkaia en el siglo xviii”, Bidebarrieta, 4, pp. 295-309.— (2004): Los irlandeses de Bizkaia “Los chiguiris”. Siglo xviii, Bilbao, Fundación BBK.Binasco, M. (2018): Rome and Irish Catholicism in the Atlantic World, 1622-1908, London, Palgrave Macmillan.Cagigal Montalbán, E. 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Evidence demonstrates that medical students have limited experience in developing ‘higher-order communication skills’ (Kaufman et al. 2000). Anecdotally many do not feel confident in their ability to conduct difficult conversations often due to a lack of exposure to such scenarios in practice or a pervasive notion that these scenarios are inappropriate for students and beyond the scope of a junior doctor’s role and thus not a focus of curriculums (Noble et al. 2007). There is however a correlation between level of clinical experience and improved confidence for medical students (Morgan and Cleave-Hogg 2002).We surveyed a group of final year medical students to assess their confidence using a 10-point Likert scale in tackling common palliative and end of life care scenarios. Our intervention comprised a study day of 10 practical small-group teaching simulation and OSCE-style stations designed to provide exposure to common experiences in a controlled setting. We reassessed the confidence of students after delivery and objectively explored the impact of the day by asking participants to complete a validated assessment before and after the course. All results showed significant improvement on t-testing: confidence in end of life communication in an OSCE setting improved by 42.2% and assessment marks improved by 24.7% (p=0.039).Palliative care is an area in which students approaching the end of undergraduate training feel underprepared. Our findings demonstrate that small group sessions improve confidence by facilitating communication practice in a controlled environment and providing crucial exposure to common palliative care scenarios they will face as doctors.References. Kaufman D, Laidlaw T, Macleod H. Communication skills in medical school: Exposure confidence and performance. Academic Medicine [online] 2000;75(10):S90–S92. Available at https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2000/10001/Communication_Skills_in_Medical_School__Exposure.29.aspx [Accessed: 30 May 2018]. Morgan P, Cleave-Hogg D. Comparison between medical students’ experience confidence and competence. Medical Education [online] 2002;36(6):534–539. Available at https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01228.x [Accessed: 30 May 2018]. Noble L, Kubacki A, Martin J, Lloyd M. The effect of professional skills training on patient-centredness and confidence in communicating with patients. Medical Education [online] 2007;41(5):432–440. Available at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2929.2007.02704.x [Accessed: 30 May 2018]

RÉSUMÉDans ce recueil, la définition de l'ethnicité se résume à “des groupes qui se distinguent en société en raison de race, religion ou origine”. Le livre examine l'ethnicité et le vieillissement sous trois thèmes principaux: théorie, recherche, pratique/politique. Plusieurs groupes ethniques américains et canadiens sont étudiés et des contributions canadiennes de Disman, MacLean et Bonar, et Ujimoto y sont inclues. Cet ouvrage intéressera les chercheurs et les praticiens.

The triune brain idea has been rated as the most influential in post-war neuroscience. The first part of this article seeks to retrace its genesis and development through the vicissitudes of the research conducted by Paul D. MacLean (1913–2007). Ten years have passed since his death: despite the loss of scientific credit, the apparent simplicity of his tripartite theory continues to exert a certain popular appeal. In the second part of the article an attempt is made to figure out how the transfer from the laboratory to public fruition could happen. The man initially responsible for the operation was MacLean himself, then aided by a few followers who had the means to spread his message of salvation. Against the background of the Cold War, and while Western culture started to realize the threat posed by overpopulation, pollution, and the exhaustion of critical resources, they deluded themselves that “knowing the brain” might suggest new and more effective approaches to the troubles of the oncoming end of the century. Consulting MacLean’s papers in the archives at the National Library of Medicine (Bethesda, MD) has been essential to this historical reconstruction.

Introduction Teaching norms and values through sport and physical education (PE) is a worldwide expectation (European Parliament, 2007; International Olympic Committee, 2020), even though little is known about processes that could explain such expectation (Hatzigeorgiadis et al., 2013). Identifying them is fundamental to overcome this ideology and to improve educational programs through sport. As personal values are built according to salient social norms (Jonas et al., 2008), past research in sport and educational sciences focused on identifying salient norms and values during sport practices (e.g., Whitehead et al., 2013) and on pointing out how teachers/stakeholders can make educational norms and values salient during practice (e.g., Koh et al., 2016). We propose that the singularity of sport and PE to build values does not (only) come from the type of salient values but rather from the specific capacity of sport and PE contexts to enhance adhesion to salient norms. Indeed, sport and PE place practitioners in front of challenges that require bodily commitment and induce specific emotional context of threat and arousal of the sympathetic nervous system. Because such emotional contexts enhance adhesion to ingroup norms (Fritsche & Jugert, 2017; Hart et al., 2005; Swann et al., 2010), two studies aim to demonstrate that bodily commitment in sport and PE increases adherence to salient ingroup norms. We hypothesize a normative salience effect (H1) and a norm salience x bodily commitment interaction effect (H2) on adolescents’ personal values and behavioral consequences. Method Two studies conducted in PE followed a 2 (norm salience) x 2 (bodily commitment) factorial design. One hundred and thirty-nine students (Mage = 13.97; ± 0.72; 62.1% girls, aged 13-16) took part to Study 1 and 187 (Mage = 13.59; ± 0.76; 61.5% girls, aged 12-16) to Study 2. Based on a priori power calculation (package simr, Green & Macleod, 2016), these sample size allowed us to have a sufficient statistical power of 95%. Participants first completed a preliminary questionnaire measuring personal values (Louis et al., 2009; Schwartz, 2011). Two weeks later, they participated one by one to the experimental phase. An ingroup norm was made salient, either the experimental one (pro-environmental in Study 1, healthy eating in Study 2) or the control one (anti-discrimination in Study 1 and 2), by presenting manipulated results to the preliminary questionnaire, in the form of graphic figures (Study 1) or pictures (Study 2; Gabarrot et al., 2009). They then had to do a physical exercise with weak or strong bodily commitment in climbing (Study 1) or gymnastic (Study 2). Finally, a questionnaire measured personal values (repeated measure), emotional states (arousal and threat), pro-environmental behavioral intentions (Study 1) and social desirability (Study 2) (S-CSD, Miller et al., 2014). Healthy eating self-reported behaviors were assessed one week later (Study 2). Data were analyzed using contrast with bootstrapping method as recommended by many authors (Judd et al., 2017): C1 tested the norm salience effect, C2 the bodily commitment effect in the experimental norm salience condition and C3 the bodily commitment effect in the control norm salience condition. To support our hypotheses, after controlling for initial personal values, classroom level, and social desirability effects, C1 and C2 had to be significant while C3 did not on the personal values. Then, mediating effects of our conditions on behavior measures through changes in personal values were tested. Finally, a two-studies meta-analysis was conducted on personal values and the role of arousal and threat states in producing changes in personal values was explored. Results First, bootstrap linear mixed models revealed that, in Study 1, pro-environmental personal values at T1 were positively and significantly predicted by initial pro-environmental values (Estimate = 0.72, SE = 0.05, p < .001), C1 (Estimate = 0.22, SE = 0.10, p < .05) and C2 (Estimate = 0.30, SE = 0.11, p < .01) but not by C3 (p > .05). In Study 2, the model indicated that healthy eating personal values at T1 were predicted by initial healthy eating values (Estimate = 0.64, SE = 0.03, p < .001), social desirability (Estimate = 0.64, SE = 0.09 p < .05) and C1 (Estimate = 0.34, SE = 0.09, p < .01). The influence of C2 was marginally significant (Estimate = 0.28, SE = 0.13, p = .051), while C3 (p > .05) was not significant. Second, multilevel longitudinal mediation models revealed, for Study 1, significant indirect effects of C1 (p = .03) and C2 (p = .02) on behavioral intentions through changes in pro-environmental values at T1, and for Study 2, a significant indirect effect of C1 (p = .029) on healthy eating behaviors at T2, through changes in healthy eating values at T1. Finally, the meta-analysis revealed that both C1 (d = 0.31) and C2 (d = 0.30) were positive and significant. Analyses on threat and arousal states revealed that, in Study 1, strong compared to weak bodily commitment induced greater threat states (ps < .001), although not impacting participants’ changes in pro-environmental values. In Study 2, strong compared to weak bodily commitment induced greater threat than arousal states in normative salience context (Estimate = 0.30, SE = 0.14, p = .036) and only pupils’ subjective threat significantly impacted changes in healthy eating personal values (p = .04). Discussion Results support our hypotheses, as changes of adolescents’ personal values are explained by normative salient context (H1) and the intensity of bodily commitment in this context of norm salience (H2). Effects were obtained in two studies varying bodily commitment (climbing and gymnastic task), ingroup norm (pro-environmental and healthy eating) and salience induction (graphic figures and pictures). Exploratory analysis highlighted behavioral consequences of adolescents’ changes in personal values and the specific role of threat states. Thus, these results point to a new way of explaining the singularity of sport in effectively constructing personal values of adolescents and orienting their consecutive behaviors (Agenda 2030, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2016): First, particular attention must be paid to norms and values that are salient in sport and PE contexts and second, intense bodily commitment, especially those inducing subjective threat, are required for sport and PE to embrace their educative role. Nevertheless, our results do not suggest to only nurture threat states in sport and PE. Finally, we point to the importance of ingroup norms in the norm adherence process, but this is true whatever these norms are, and teacher/stakeholder cannot always orient the type of ingroup norm made salient during practice. References European Parliament. (2007). 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Nickel (Ni) laterites are regolith materials derived from ultramafic rocks and play an important role in the world's Ni production. Ni-laterite deposits are the supergene enrichment of Ni formed from the intense chemical and mechanical weathering of ultramafic parental rocks. In Vietnam, the weathering profile containing Ni laterite was first discovered in the Ha Tri massive (Cao Bang). This profile develops on the Ha Tri serpentinized peridotite rocks classified to the Cao Bang mafic-ultramafic complex (North Vietnam) and exhibits thick weathered zone (10 - 15m). This work carried out a detailed study of the weathering profile at the center of Ha Tri massive. Samples from different horizons of the profile were collected and analyzed in detail by XRF, XRD and SEM-EDX methods to establish the relationship between the Ni-rich supergene products and the parental peridotites (lherzolite) rocks in Ha Tri massive. 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