Tesis: "Machese de Sade"

1

Vaezipour, Atiyeh. "Design and development of an in-vehicle human machine interface for eco-safe driving". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/118058/1/Atiyeh_Vaezipour_Thesis.pdf.

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Rapid developments in vehicle technology, such as in-car systems, have provided opportunities to encourage drivers to drive in a more fuel-efficient and safe manner. This thesis focused on the design, development and evaluation of a new in-car system to improve eco-safe driving, with the aim of reducing the impact of motorised vehicles on both human health and the environment. This multidisciplinary research contributes to enhancing our understanding of the requirements of drivers in relation to in-car systems and provides a foundation for the future design and development of innovative and accepted in-car systems to improve fuel efficiency and road safety.

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2

Lochbihler, Andreas [Verfasser] y G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Snelting. "A Machine-Checked, Type-Safe Model of Java Concurrency : Language, Virtual Machine, Memory Model, and Verified Compiler / Andreas Lochbihler ; Betreuer: G. Snelting". Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1184492581/34.

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3

Dunnett, Ninian. "Same old song : an exploration of originality in popular music history". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17949.

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Originality is an important social and cultural value. In pop music its influence is comprehensive: it shapes the economics of an industry through copyright law, and the temperament of musical culture through its place as keystone of the prevailing Romantic tradition. The concept extends beyond issues of artistic and technical innovation: a point of origin is fundamental to the stories we tell about pop. What these stories tell us about ourselves and the way we use music, though, may be more complex than the orthodoxy allows; while the moderns from Eliot and Frye through Barthes and Foucault have sliced and diced originality in text, its interrogation in popular music is overdue. This study seeks to address the social and cultural context, the implications for individual identity and the issues of creative intention, status, popularity and profitability that come into play at those moments when the cultural honours of “originality” are conferred. Working from archival and textual resources, the research explores the entry of “black music” into pop culture with the Fisk University Jubilee Singers, who can be seen both as the source of several cultural streams which remain influential in popular music, and as the source of a popular mythology which has become detached from historical fact. It then proceeds to three case studies. The problem of what it means to start something new is developed in the story of Elvis Presley and the foundation myth of rock & roll. The professional use of originality is interrogated in the work of the Beatles, a foursome with a strong claim to be the greatest plagiarists, if not the greatest originators in pop. And the artistic idea of originality and its contingencies are addressed through the case of Lou Reed and the changing status of his album Metal Machine Music. A final chapter assesses the conclusions which can be made from these explorations, and the implications for future research.

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4

Adam, Matias B. "Improving complex sale cycles and performance by using machine learning and predictive analytics to understand the customer journey". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118010.

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Thesis: S.M. in Management of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 92-99).
Today's business operations and decision management demand that firms respond efficiently in an increasingly dynamic and highly competitive external environment. Business-to-business firms need insight about markets and customers along the entire sales and marketing cycle. This demand is complicated by the inflexibility of legacy systems and growing distributed architectures add even more internal complexity. In addition, gaps and mismatches between strategy and execution constrain the ability to understand the customer experience. This challenging context requires an agile, collaborative, and flexible framework in order to acquire, analyze, model, and evaluate information necessary for improving customer insights and making data-driven decisions to enhance the customer journey. This thesis analyzes how to effectively shorten the customer journey and related sales cycle in business-to-business firms through the use of new technologies. My research examines the benefits and challenges of applied machine learning and predictive analytics to improve critical stages in the sales and marketing process by making assisted decisions that accelerate the sales cycle and increase performance. This thesis focuses on methodologies for promoting and fostering technology adoption, improving business decisions and performance, and accelerating digital transformation.
by Matias B. Adam.
S.M. in Management of Technology

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5

Eis, Pavel. "Datová sada pro klasifikaci síťových zařízení pomocí strojového učení". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445543.

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Automatic classification of devices in computer network can be used for detection of anomalies in a network and also it enables application of security policies per device type. The key to creating a device classifier is a quality data set, the public availability of which is low and the creation of a new data set is difficult. The aim of this work is to create a tool, that will enable automated annotation of the data set of network devices and to create a classifier of network devices that uses only basic data from network flows. The result of this work is a modular tool providing automated annotation of network devices using system ADiCT of Cesnet's association, search engines Shodan and Censys, information from PassiveDNS, TOR, WhoIs, geolocation database and information from blacklists. Based on the annotated data set are created several classifiers that classify network devices according to the services they use. The results of the work not only significantly simplify the process of creating new data sets of network devices, but also show a non-invasive approach to the classification of network devices.

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6

Jones, Patrick Franklin. "The effects of practice on study and comparison times for simple, redundant, and non-redundant color-shape coding schemes in a same-different reaction time task". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28628.

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7

Triques, Gustavo Eugenio. "Efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre variáveis reprodutivas de machos reprodutores de frango de corte". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37108.

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Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Jovanir Inês Müller Fernandes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Palotina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal. Defesa: Palotina, 15/09/2014
Inclui referências
Área de concentração : Produção animal
Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da suplementação dietética de antioxidantes sobre características espermáticas de galos reprodutores de frango de corte. Foram realizados três experimentos. No primeiro, foram utilizados 12 galos Cobb de 50 semanas de idade distribuídos aleatoriamente em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 2 tratamentos e 6 repetições. Amostras de sêmen foram coletadas pelo método de massagem abdominal para avaliação de volume seminal, concentração, motilidade, vigor e morfologia espermática. Às 68 semanas de idade, amostras de testículo foram coletadas para determinação da morfometria tubular dos testículos e para análise da proliferação celular no epitélio germinativo pela técnica do PCNA. A morfometria de testículos, cristas e barbelas também foram analisadas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o programa Statistical Analysis System com nível de 5% de significância. Houve efeito positivo (p<0,05) do blend de antioxidantes no percentual de espermatozóides normais, no peso e largura das barbelas e no peso e comprimento dos testículos. No segundo experimento, foi selecionado um núcleo de matrizes de produção de 4 aviários. Em 2 aviários, os galos receberam dieta comercial para machos e nos outros 2 aviários, os galos receberam a dieta suplementada com antioxidantes (8ppm de cantaxantina + 40 ppm de licopeno + 150 ppm de vitamina C). Na 62ª semana, foram retirados fragmentos da membrana vitelínica sobre o disco germinativo dos ovos para contagem do número de perfurações espermáticas. Foi observado um maior (p<0,05) número de perfurações nos ovos oriundos dos aviários cujos galos receberam antioxidantes na dieta. Na 68ª semana, os galos foram sacrificados e a crista, barbela, peito e testículos foram pesados e medidos. Na 66ª semana de idade, os ovos foram incubados e a progênie foi alojada no aviário experimental de acordo com o delineamento experimental dos reprodutores com 2 tratamentos e 12 repetições com 12 aves cada. Aos 7 dias de idade, foram sacrificadas 24 aves por tratamento para contagem do número de fibras e a mensuração do diâmetros das fibras musculares. Não houve efeito significativo (p>0,05) da suplementação do blend de antioxidantes na dieta dos reprodutores sobre o ganho de peso e o peso de peito da progênie aos 7 dias de idade. A contagem e diâmetro da fibra muscular não diferiu (p>0,05) entre a progênie oriunda de galos suplementados ou não. A conversão alimentar e ganho de peso na fase de 14 - 35 dias foram melhores (p<0,05) para a progênie dos reprodutores suplementados. No terceiro experimento, Foram utilizados 24 galos da linhagem Cobb, 12 galos com 25 semanas de idade e 12 galos com 50 semanas de idade. Os reprodutores foram mantidos em gaiolas (1 por gaiola) e distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (idades e dietas) totalizando 4 tratamentos e 6 repetições de 1 galo cada. Os tratamentos foram compostos por: Tratamento 1 - galos com 25 semanas de idade e suplementados com licopeno, Tratamento 2 - galos com 50 semanas de idade e suplementados com licopeno, Tratamento 3 - galos com 25 semanas de idade e sem suplementação e Tratamento 4 - galos com 50 semanas de idade e sem suplementação. O licopeno foi fornecido na quantidade de 72 ppm (Licopeno 10%; Roche Vitamins). Após 12 semanas de suplementação, o sêmen foi coletado pelo método da massagem abdominal. As análises do sêmen, volume de sêmen, concentração espermática e motilidade foram realizadas imediatamente após a coleta. Todos os galos foram sacrificados para medida e pesagem de testículo, crista, barbela e peito. Fragmentos dos testículos foram fixados, emblocados em parafina, cortados e aplicados em lâminas sinalizadas para detecção de células em mitose pela técnica imunohistoquímica. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando-se o programa SAS. O comprimento e largura da crista dos galos mais novos foram maiores (p<0,05) em comparação aos galos mais velhos, independente da adição de licopeno às dietas. Este mesmo resultado foi observado para o peso, comprimento e espessura dos testículos. No desdobramento da interação, idade e tratamento, observou-se que a inclusão do licopeno aumentou (p<0,05) o peso vivo dos galos de 50 semanas de idade. Palavras chave: antioxidantes, peroxidação lipídica, espermatozoides, fertilidade
Abstract: With the objective of evaluating the effect of dietary supplementation of antioxidants on broiler breeder males' spermatic characteristics, three experiments were conducted. At the first experiment, 12 fifty week age Cobb roosters randomly distributed in a totally casual delineation were used with 2 treatments (commercial feed and commercial feed + antioxidant blend canthaxanthin, lycopene and vitamin C) and six repetitions. Samples of semen were collected by abdominal massage method in order to evaluate seminal volume and spermatic concentration, motility, vigor and morphology. At 68 weeks of age, testicle samples were collected to tubular morphometry determination and to analyze the cell proliferation on the germinative epithelium by PCNA technique. The testicles, combs and dewlaps morphometry was also analyzed at 68 weeks of age. The data were submitted to statistical analysis using Statistical Analysis System, with 5% of significance. It was observed a positive effect (p<0,05) of the treatment on the percentage of normal spermatozoids, on the weight and width of dewlaps and on weight and length of testicles. At the second experiment, a breeder farm coitaining 4 houses were chosen. In two of them, the roosters received a commercial male diet and in the other two houses the roosters received the same antioxidant supplemented feed used in the first experiment. At 62 week age, fragments from the vitellinic membrane were taken to spermatic perforations count. It was observed a higher (p<0,05) number of perforations in the eggs that came from the houses where the roosters had the antioxidant diet. Fertile eggs were set and the progeny was housed at the experimental barn according to the breeder males delineation with 2 treatments and 12 repetitions with 12 chicks each. At seven days of age, 24 birds per treatment were euthanatized in order to count the number of fibers and to measure the muscular fibers diameter. There was no significant effect (p>0,05) from the breeder male antioxidant supplementation on the 7 day progeny gain of weight and chest weight. The muscular fiber counting and diameter did not differed (p>0,05) between the progeny derived from the supplemented roosters and the control one. The feed conversion and gain of weight of the progeny between the 14 and 35 days of age were better (p<0,05) to the progeny derived from the supplemented males. At the third experiment, 24 Cobb roosters were used, 12 with 25 weeks of age and 12 with 50 weeks of age and distributed in a totally casual delineation in factorial system 2 x 2 (ages and diets) adding 4 treatments and 6 repetitions of 1 bird each. The lycopene were provided at 72 ppm (Lycopene 10%, Roche Vitamins). After 12 weeks of supplementation, the semen was collected by abdominal massage mthod. The semen analysis, semen volume, spermatic concentration and motility were made right after the collect. All the roosters were euthanized in order to testicle, comb, dewlaps and chest measurement and weighing. Fragments from the testicles were fixed, paraffin blocked, cut and put on marked blades to mitosis cells detection by immunohistochemistry technique. The comb length and width from the younger roosters were bigger (p<0,05) compared to the older roosters, independently from the lycopene added to the diet. The same result was observed to testicle weight, length and thickness. In the interaction unfolding of age and treatment, it was observed that the inclusion of lycopene increased (p<0,05) the weight of the 50 week age roosters. The lycopene added to the diet, independently from the males' age increased the number of positive-PCNA cells in the testicles. The using of specific diets to male is highly viable, not only by the well-known benefits about nutrition requirements on eclodibility and fertility, but also to make possible the use of additives, once the volume of feed for the male is smaller than the female feed. Keywords: antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, spermatozoids, fertility

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8

Meyer, Katlyn Barp. "Efeitos do antiviral ganciclovir sobre o desenvolvimento e função gonadal de ratos machos expostos in utero". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/52846.

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Orientador : Profª. Drª. Rosana Nogueira de Morais
Coorientador : Prof. Dr. Anderson Joel Martino Andrade
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia. Defesa: Curitiba, 31/08/2017
Inclui referências : f. 68-81
Área de concentração : Fisiologia
Resumo: Malformações e disfunções do sistema reprodutor masculino observadas no indivíduo adulto podem resultar de disfunções da gônada fetal. Um dos fatores que modifica a função testicular fetal é a exposição a xenobióticos, dentre os quais, o antiviral ganciclovir (GCV). A exposição ao GCV no dia 10 de gestação (DG10) causa o desenvolvimento de túbulos seminíferos contendo apenas células de Sertoli (TACS). Como o mecanismo de ação do GCV está relacionado com o metabolismo do DNA e inibição da proliferação celular, aventa-se que os TACS ocorrem por efeito citotóxico do GCV sobre as células germinativas. Para testar esta hipótese, expusemos ratas gestantes a 300 mg/kg de GCV (três injeções subcutâneas de 100 mg/kg) no DG10, 14 e 19, quando as células germinativas apresentam, respectivamente, taxas elevadas de migração, proliferação ou estão mitoticamente quiescentes. Os descendentes masculinos expostos ao GCV no DG 10 e 14 foram avaliados para marcadores de androgenização, andrógenos fecais e séricos e histomorfometria testicular, quando adultos. Nos testículos fetais (DG15 e 20), utilizamos a imunofluorescência de dupla marcação para DAZL (marcador específico de células germinativas) e Ki67 (marcador de proliferação celular) para investigar o número de gonócitos e a atividade proliferativa de células germinativas e somáticas, 24 h após a primeira injeção do GCV. Os ratos adultos expostos no DG14 apresentaram redução de 50% no peso testicular, resultado da redução nos volumes do espaço intersticial e dos túbulos seminíferos, dos quais em torno de 30% eram TACS. Apresentaram, ainda, atraso na puberdade, apesar dos níveis normais de androgênios. Nos animais expostos no DG10 os efeitos foram menos pronunciados, com redução de 30% do peso testicular e 12% de ocorrência de TACS. Em ambos os grupos, a população de células de Sertoli foi reduzida, com aumento no índice de células de Sertoli (razão entre o número de espermátides redondas por célula de Sertoli) nos animais expostos no DG14. Nos testículos fetais, o número de células germinativas foi reduzido em 50% nos ratos expostos no DG14, enquanto permaneceu inalterado naqueles expostos no DG19. No entanto, a exposição ao GCV no DG 19 reduziu a imunomarcação do Ki67 das células de Sertoli, o que indica que o GCV redução da proliferação num período da gestação em que normalmente as células de Sertoli apresentam alta taxa de proliferação. Em conclusão, a exposição ao GCV durante a gestação parece apresentar efeitos tóxicos sobre células somáticas e germinativas testiculares. No entanto, a toxicidade do GCV sobre as células germinativas é mais pronunciada e está diretamente relacionada com a taxa de proliferação. Esse efeito é tempo-dependente e, em ratos, o DG 14 é uma janela crítica de sensibilidade ao GCV, já que a exposição nesse dia causou uma perda maciça aguda das células germinativas, a qual persistiu até a idade adulta. Palavras-chave: Toxicologia. Células germinativas. Desordens reprodutivas masculinas. Antiviral
Abstract: Impairment of fetal gonadal development can lead to malformations and dysfunction of the male reproductive system in adult life. Several factors are potentially disruptors of the fetal testicular function, including exposure to xenobiotics such as the antiviral ganciclovir (GCV). Exposure to GCV at day 10 of gestation (GD10) causes the development of seminiferous tubules containing only Sertoli cells (SCOT). As the mechanism of action of GCV is related to DNA metabolism and inhibition of cell proliferation, SCOT could be a consequence of the cytotoxic effect of GCV on germ cells migration and proliferation. To test this hypothesis, we treated pregnant rats with 300 mg/kg of GCV (three subcutaneous injections of 100 mg/kg) at GD10, 14 and 19, when germ cells show high rates of migration, proliferation or are mitotically quiescent, respectively. Male offspring exposed to GCV at GD10 and 14 were evaluated for androgenic markers, fecal and serum androgens and testicular histomorphometry when adults. In the fetal testis (GD15 and 20), we used double-label immunofluorescence for DAZL (germ cell specific marker) and Ki67 (cell proliferation marker) to investigate the number of gonocytes and the proliferative activity of germ cells and somatic cells, 24 h after the first injection of GCV. The adult rats exposed at GD14 presented a 50% reduction in the testicular weight, as a result of a volume reduction of the seminiferous tubules (30% were SCOT) and of the interstitial space. GD14 animals had also delayed puberty, despite normal levels of androgens. In the animals exposed at GD10, the effects were less pronounced, with a reduction of 30% in testicular weight and 12% of SCOT. In both groups, the Sertoli cell population was reduced, with an increase in the Sertoli cell index (ratio of the number of round spermatids per Sertoli cell) in the animals exposed in GD14. In the fetal testis, the number of germ cells was reduced by 50% in the rats exposed in GD14, while it remained unchanged in GD19 testes. However, exposure to GCV in GD19 reduced Ki87's immunostaining, indicating that GCV reduced the proliferation of Sertoli cells in a period of the gestation when Sertoli cells are expected to have a high proliferation rate. In conclusion, exposure to GCV during gestation causes toxic effects on somatic and testicular germinative cells. However, the toxicity of GCV on germ cells is more pronounced and is directly related to the rate of proliferation. This effect is time-dependent and, in rats, GD14 is a critical window of sensitivity to GCV, since exposure at GD14 caused a massive acute loss of germ cells, which persisted into adulthood. Key-words: Toxicology. Germ cell. Male reproductive disorders. Antiviral.

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9

Berthaud, Daniel. "Analyse fonctionnelle d'une usine de traitement de talc et intégration d'un outil de supervision". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10157.

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L'automatisation et l'informatisation des systèmes de conduite de processus industriels entrainent la centralisation des organes d'affichage et de commande sur des consoles graphiques. La surface réduite de ces principes d'affichage, ainsi que les limites du raisonnement humain, soulèvent des problèmes d'intégration de ces nouveaux modes de conduite. Dans une première partie, ce mémoire présente les différentes activités et les différentes tâches de l'operateur humain en salle de contrôle, ainsi que son comportement décisionnel face aux différentes situations auxquelles il se trouve confronté lors de la conduite de procédés. La fin de ce chapitre est consacrée à l'étude des outils d'assistance à l'operateur en salle de contrôle et a leurs différents modes d'intégration dans les systèmes de supervision. Ce travail porte aussi sur les problèmes d'interfaces graphiques homme-machine et énonce une démarche de conception de synoptique, ainsi que les règles de création et d'animation des images. Dans une troisième phase, une étude d'une usine minéralurgique par la méthode SADT (structured analysis and design technique) détermine les besoins informationnels nécessaires à la conduite centralisée de cette unité de fabrication. Le quatrième chapitre décrit la mise en place d'un système de supervision dans l'usine précédemment étudié, en appliquant au mieux l'ensemble des règles définies dans les deux premiers chapitres

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10

Fitzgerald, Daniel Liam. "Landing site selection for UAV forced landings using machine vision". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16510/1/Daniel_Fitzgerald_Thesis.pdf.

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A forced landing for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is required if there is an emergency on board that requires the aircraft to land immediately. Piloted aircraft in the same scenario have a human on board that is able to engage in the complex decision making process involved in the choice of a suitable landing location. If UAVs are to ever fly routinely in civilian airspace, then it is argued that the problem of finding a safe landing location for a forced landing is an important unresolved problem that must be addressed. This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the feasibility of using machine vision techniques to locate candidate landing sites for an autonomous UAV forced landing. The approach taken involves the segmentation of the image into areas that are large enough and free of obstacles; classification of the surface types of these areas; incorporating slope information from readily available digital terrain databases; and finally fusing these maps together using a high level set of simple linguistic fuzzy rules to create a final candidate landing site map. All techniques were evaluated on actual flight data collected from a Cessna 172 flying in South East Queensland. It was shown that the use of existing segmentation approaches from the literature did not provide the outputs required for this problem in the airborne images encountered in the gathered dataset. A simple method was then developed and tested that provided suitably sized landing areas that were free of obstacles and large enough to land. The advantage of this novel approach was that these areas could be extracted from the image directly without solving the difficult task of segmenting the entire image into the individual homogenous objects. A number of neural network classification approaches were tested with the surface types of candidate landing site regions extracted from the aerial images. A number of novel techniques were developed through experimentation with the classifiers that greatly improved upon the classification accuracy of the standard approaches considered. These novel techniques included: automatic generation of suitable output subclasses based on generic output classes of the classifier; an optimisation process for generating the best set of input features for the classifier based on an automated analysis of the feature space; the use of a multi-stage classification approach; and the generation of confidence measures based on the outputs of the neural network classifiers. The final classification result of the system performs significantly better than a human test pilot's classification interpretation of the dataset samples. In summary, the algorithms were able to locate candidate landing site areas that were free of obstacles 92.3 ±2.6% (99% confidence in the result) of the time, with free obstacle candidate landing site areas that were large enough to land in missed only 5.3 ±2.2% (99% confidence in the result) of the time. The neural network classification networks developed were able to classify the surface type of the candidate landing site areas to an accuracy of 93.9 ±3.7% (99% confidence in the result) for areas labelled as Very Certain. The overall surface type classification accuracy for the system (includes all candidate landing sites) was 91.95 ±4.2% (99% confidence in the result). These results were considered to be an excellent result as a human test pilot subject was only able to classify the same data set to an accuracy of 77.24 %. The thesis concludes that the techniques developed showed considerable promise and could be used immediately to enhance the safety of UAV operations. Recommendations include the testing of algorithms over a wider range of datasets and improvements to the surface type classification approach that incorporates contextual information in the image to further improve the classification accuracy.

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Fitzgerald, Daniel Liam. "Landing site selection for UAV forced landings using machine vision". Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16510/.

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A forced landing for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is required if there is an emergency on board that requires the aircraft to land immediately. Piloted aircraft in the same scenario have a human on board that is able to engage in the complex decision making process involved in the choice of a suitable landing location. If UAVs are to ever fly routinely in civilian airspace, then it is argued that the problem of finding a safe landing location for a forced landing is an important unresolved problem that must be addressed. This thesis presents the results of an investigation into the feasibility of using machine vision techniques to locate candidate landing sites for an autonomous UAV forced landing. The approach taken involves the segmentation of the image into areas that are large enough and free of obstacles; classification of the surface types of these areas; incorporating slope information from readily available digital terrain databases; and finally fusing these maps together using a high level set of simple linguistic fuzzy rules to create a final candidate landing site map. All techniques were evaluated on actual flight data collected from a Cessna 172 flying in South East Queensland. It was shown that the use of existing segmentation approaches from the literature did not provide the outputs required for this problem in the airborne images encountered in the gathered dataset. A simple method was then developed and tested that provided suitably sized landing areas that were free of obstacles and large enough to land. The advantage of this novel approach was that these areas could be extracted from the image directly without solving the difficult task of segmenting the entire image into the individual homogenous objects. A number of neural network classification approaches were tested with the surface types of candidate landing site regions extracted from the aerial images. A number of novel techniques were developed through experimentation with the classifiers that greatly improved upon the classification accuracy of the standard approaches considered. These novel techniques included: automatic generation of suitable output subclasses based on generic output classes of the classifier; an optimisation process for generating the best set of input features for the classifier based on an automated analysis of the feature space; the use of a multi-stage classification approach; and the generation of confidence measures based on the outputs of the neural network classifiers. The final classification result of the system performs significantly better than a human test pilot's classification interpretation of the dataset samples. In summary, the algorithms were able to locate candidate landing site areas that were free of obstacles 92.3 ±2.6% (99% confidence in the result) of the time, with free obstacle candidate landing site areas that were large enough to land in missed only 5.3 ±2.2% (99% confidence in the result) of the time. The neural network classification networks developed were able to classify the surface type of the candidate landing site areas to an accuracy of 93.9 ±3.7% (99% confidence in the result) for areas labelled as Very Certain. The overall surface type classification accuracy for the system (includes all candidate landing sites) was 91.95 ±4.2% (99% confidence in the result). These results were considered to be an excellent result as a human test pilot subject was only able to classify the same data set to an accuracy of 77.24 %. The thesis concludes that the techniques developed showed considerable promise and could be used immediately to enhance the safety of UAV operations. Recommendations include the testing of algorithms over a wider range of datasets and improvements to the surface type classification approach that incorporates contextual information in the image to further improve the classification accuracy.

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12

Carlsson, Ida y Agnes Simón. "Att leva under samma tak som sin dialysmaskinEn litteraturstudie om patienters erfarenheter av hemodialys i hemmet : Living under the same roof as your dialysis machine A literature study about patients experience of hemodialysis at home". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-83493.

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Fernandes, Lilian Caroline. "Avaliação comportamental frente a exposição crônica de baixas doses de Paraquat e associações em ratos Wistar machos". Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, 2018. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/2596.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O aumento progressivo da população e da produção de alimentos torna o uso de agrotóxicos essencial. O Brasil tem notoriedade à nível mundial na quantidade desses produtos comercializados, sendo destaque desde 2008. As classes mais utilizadas são os herbicidas, fungicidas e inseticidas. Sabe-se que esses produtos apresentam risco a saúde humana, podendo afetar múltiplos sistemas. Além disso, alguns estudos estão demonstrando efeitos neurotóxicos e comportamentais causados por esses agentes, no entanto, o mecanismo desse efeito permanece incerto. Os pesticidas têm diferentes mecanismos de ação e ainda, podem apresentar efeitos sinérgicos entre si. Com isso, o presente estudo busca avaliar se a exposição ao Paraquat, que é um herbicida, amplamente utilizado devido ao seu baixo curso e amplo espectro de forma isolada e as associações com Mancozeb, que é um fungicida e com o Clorpirifós, que é um inseticida são capazes de produzir efeitos comportamentais. Para isso, foram utilizados 48 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com o agente de exposição: Controle/Água (N=12), Paraquat 1mg/kg (N=12), Paraquat 1mg/kg e Mancozeb 3 mg/kg (N=12), Paraquat 1mg/kg e Clorpirifós 0,3 mg/kg (N=12). A exposição ocorreu diariamente durante 28 dias por via oral (gavagem). Após o período de exposição, foram realizados os testes de preferência à sacarose, reconhecimento social, campo aberto, reconhecimento de objetos, labirinto em cruz elevado e natação forçada. Como resultado têm-se que os animais submetidos ao tratamento apresentaram déficit na memória social e declarativa, evidenciado pelo teste de reconhecimento social e de objetos. Além disso, apresentaram também sinais do tipo ansiogênicos e depressivos demonstrado pelo teste de labirinto em cruz elevado e natação forçada. Além dos sinais não motores os animais também apresentaram comprometimento motor, evidenciado pelo teste de campo aberto. Como conclusão, demonstramos que a exposição ao Paraquat e associações com Mancozeb e Clorpirifós causou alterações comportamentais nos animais submetidos a exposição com Paraquat e associação com Mancozeb e Clorpirifós.
The progressive increase in population and food production makes the use of agrochemicals essential. Brazil is known worldwide in the quantity of these products marketed, being highlighted since 2008. The classes most used are herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. It is known that these products pose a risk to human health and can affect multiple systems. In addition, some studies are demonstrating neurotoxic and behavioral effects caused by these agents, however, the mechanism of this effect remains uncertain. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate whether exposure to Paraquat, which is a herbicide, widely used because of its low cost and broad spectrum in isolation and as associations with Mancozeb, which is a fungicide and with Chlorpyrifos, which is an insecticide are capable of producing effects. For this, 48 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups according to the exposure agent: Control/Water (N= 12), Paraquat 1mg/kg (N=12), Paraquat 1mg/kg and Mancozeb 3 mg/kg (N = 12), Paraquat 1 mg/kg and Chlorpyrifos 0.3 mg/kg (N = 12). The exposure occurred daily for 28 days orally (gavage). After the exposure period, sucrose preference tests, social recognition, open field, object recognition, elevated plus maze and forced swimming were performed. As a result, the animals submitted to the treatment had deficits in the social and declarative memory, evidenced by the test of social recognition and objects. In addition, they also presented anxiogenic and depressive signs, demonstrated by the elevated plus maze test and forced swimming. In addition to non-motor signals, the animals also presented motor impairment, evidenced by the open field test. As a conclusion, we demonstrated that exposure to Paraquat and associations with Mancozeb and Chlorpyrifos caused behavioral changes in animals submitted to Paraquat exposure and associated with Mancozeb and Chlorpyrifos.

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Moura, Ives Fernando Martins Santos de. "Simulação e avaliação de incisões cirúrgicas com realidade virtual". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9663.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Incisions are a common task in most surgical procedures. Their learning is traditionally done in universities or teaching centers with the use of synthetic materials, animal parts, or, in more advanced stages, in real patients under the supervision of professionals. The use of simulators can contribute in this context of training, since with them it is possible to realistically simulate the materials used, carry out the practice repeatedly and immediately and automatically assess students' performance. Simulators capable of providing evaluation for the incision made in a given procedure are not common, and even those that exist do not have a specific assessment system for this task. The present study aimed to propose and develop an assessment system for surgical incisions simulated with computational methods, identifying the basic components of this process and using appropriate decision models for each of them. For this, the concepts and variables related to this procedure were studied, highlighting their most relevant characteristics and looking for ways to better provide assessment for them. The developed system considers two steps for the assessment of the incision, pre-surgical and surgical. The classical logic was the decision model used for most of the variables, with specific rules to deal with the particularities of each one. In order to evaluate the incision trajectory, the Support Vector Machine model was selected after experiments that compared the accuracy of the assessment of different decision models applied to databases containing rectilinear incision paths. For the validation of the system, metrics for the submental incision, component of the mandibular reconstruction procedure, used in the treatment of mandibular symphysis fractures, which has high prevalence in Brazil and in the world, were obtained and applied in an incision simulation in this region of the body. A computational incision simulation, the conceptualization of the evaluation system, a concrete implementation applied to the problem of the submental incision and conceptual maps, which systematize the knowledge used from different points of view, were produced in this work. It was verified that the assessment system responded adequately, with the classical logic rules and the Support Vector Machine providing results in accordance with the metrics used. Thus, it is observed that the assessment system proposed in this work represents an adequate tool for the use in the training of incision techniques.
As incisões são uma tarefa comum na maioria dos procedimentos cirúrgicos. O aprendizado delas é tradicionalmente feito nas universidades ou centros de ensino com o uso de materiais sintéticos, peças de animais, ou, em estágios mais avançados, em pacientes reais com a supervisão de profissionais. O uso de simuladores pode contribuir neste contexto de treinamento, uma vez que com eles é possível simular de forma realista os materiais utilizados, realizar a prática repetidas vezes e avaliar de forma imediata e automática o desempenho dos estudantes. Simuladores capazes de fornecer avaliação para a incisão feita em determinado procedimento não são comuns, e mesmo os existentes não possuem um método de avaliação específico para esta tarefa. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo propor e desenvolver um sistema de avaliação para incisões cirúrgicas simuladas com métodos computacionais, identificando os componentes básicos deste processo e empregando modelos de decisão adequados para cada um deles. Para isso, foram levantados os conceitos e as variáveis relacionadas a este procedimento, destacando suas características mais relevantes e buscando formas de melhor fornecer avaliação para eles. O sistema desenvolvido considera duas etapas para a avaliação da incisão, pré-cirúrgica e cirúrgica. A lógica clássica foi o modelo de decisão utilizado para a maior parte das variáveis, havendo regras específicas para lidar com as particularidades de cada uma. Para a avaliação da trajetória da incisão foi utilizado o modelo Support Vector Machine, selecionado após a realização de experimentos que compararam a precisão da avaliação de diferentes modelos de decisão aplicados a bancos de dados contendo caminhos de incisões retilíneas. Para a validação do sistema, métricas para a incisão submentoniana, componente do procedimento de reconstrução mandibular, utilizada no tratamento de fraturas na sínfise mandibular, o qual tem alta prevalência no Brasil e no mundo, foram obtidas e aplicadas em uma simulação de incisão nesta região do corpo. Foram produzidos então uma simulação de incisão computacional, a conceitualização do sistema de avaliação, uma implementação concreta aplicada ao problema da incisão submentoniana e mapas conceituais, que sistematizam os conhecimentos utilizados a partir de diferentes pontos de vista. Verificou-se que o sistema de avaliação respondeu adequadamente, com as regras da lógica clássica e a Support Vector Machine provendo resultados em conformidade com as métricas utilizadas. Desta forma, observa-se que o sistema de avaliação proposto neste trabalho representa uma ferramenta adequada para o uso no treinamento de técnicas de incisão.

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15

Aslansefat, K., Sohag Kabir, Amr R. A. Abdullatif, Vinod Vasudevan y Y. Papadopoulos. "Toward Improving Confidence in Autonomous Vehicle Software: A Study on Traffic Sign Recognition Systems". IEEE, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18591.

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This article proposes an approach named SafeML II, which applies empirical cumulative distribution function-based statistical distance measures in a designed human-in-the loop procedure to ensure the safety of machine learning-based classifiers in autonomous vehicle software. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven decision-making systems in autonomous vehicles is growing rapidly. As autonomous vehicles operate in dynamic environments, the risk that they can face an unknown observation is relatively high due to insufficient training data, distributional shift, or cyber-security attack. Thus, AI-based algorithms should make dependable decisions to improve their interpretation of the environment, lower the risk of autonomous driving, and avoid catastrophic accidents. This paper proposes an approach named SafeML II, which applies empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF)-based statistical distance measures in a designed human-in-the-loop procedure to ensure the safety of machine learning-based classifiers in autonomous vehicle software. The approach is model-agnostic and it can cover various machine learning and deep learning classifiers. The German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) is used to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed approach.
This work was supported by the Secure and Safe MultiRobot Systems (SESAME) H2020 Project under Grant Agreement 101017258.

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16

Falleiros, Junior Luiz Roberto. "Exposição neonatal ao etinilestradiol aumenta o crescimento da próstata ventral e promove a hiperplasia epitelial e inflamação em gerbilos machos adultos". Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/tede/276.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP
The prostate is an accessory gland of genital system responsible for producing an alkaline liquid which ensures sperm survival and capacitation. Its development occurs under the influence of an androgen and estrogen regulated and precise control, so sensible interferences may predispose this gland to developing diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer during adult and senile life. Inappropriate exposure to exogenous estrogens in embryonic and neonatal development period has been related to permanent disturbances in morphophysiology of various organs of the male reproductive system. Epidemiological studies indicate that men who were exposed to estrogenic compounds during intrauterine and neonatal development had higher probability of infertility and testicular and prostate cancer. Until now, it is not possible to say whether there are intrinsic factors of development that may predispose prostatic gland to the development of cancer with age. However, as early exposure to steroid hormones can permanently alter various reproductive organs, it is questionable whether such agents may interfere in the prostate structure and physiology. Based on these reports, the aim of this study was to analyze morphologically the ventral prostate of adult gerbils exposed to ethynylestradiol (EE) during the first week of prenatal development. To this, we employed morphological, stereological-morphometrical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural methods. The results showed that the postnatal exposure to EE duplicated the prostatic complex weight, increasing the relative frequency of epithelial and stromal compartments, besides the secretory activity of the ventral lobe of the prostate. All glands exposed to EE showed strong stromal reshuffling and some foci of epithelial hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltrated in both luminal and epithelial or stromal compartments. Cells positive for AR and PCNA increased into the epithelial and stromal tissues. ERα-positive cells, which are normally found into stromal compartment of intact prostates, were frequently observed in the prostatic epithelial of treated animals. This study demonstrated that the exposure to EE during the postnatal development causes histophysiological alterations of this gland, predisposing to the development of prostatic lesions during life. These results are important taking account public health, considering the EE has been largely used by women worldwide. Moreover, the bioaccumulation of this chemical has been increased in different ecosystems.
A próstata é uma glândula acessória do sistema genital responsável pela produção de um líquido alcalino que garante a capacitação e sobrevivência dos espermatozóides. O seu desenvolvimento ocorre sob influência de um controle androgênico e estrogênico regulado e preciso, de forma que sensíveis interferências podem predispor esta glândula a desenvolver doenças como hiperplasia prostática benigna e câncer durante a vida adulta e senil. A exposição inapropriada a estrógenos exógenos no período de desenvolvimento embrionário e neonatal tem sido relacionada a distúrbios permanentes na morfofisiologia de vários órgãos do sistema reprodutor masculino. Estudos epidemiológicos indicam que homens que foram expostos a componentes estrogênicos durante o desenvolvimento intra-uterino e neonatal apresentaram maior probabilidade de ocorrência de infertilidade e de câncer de testículo e próstata. Até o momento, não é possível afirmar se existem fatores intrínsecos do desenvolvimento que podem predispor a glândula prostática ao desenvolvimento de câncer com a idade. Porém, como a exposição precoce a hormônios esteróides é capaz de alterar permanentemente vários órgãos reprodutivos, torna-se questionável se esses agentes também podem interferir na estrutura e fisiologia prostática. Com base nesses relatos, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar morfologicamente a próstata ventral de gerbilos adultos expostos ao ethynylestradiol (EE) durante a primeira semana de desenvolvimento pós-natal. Para isso, foram empregados métodos morfológicos, morfométricos-estereológicos, imunohistoquímicos e ultraestruturais. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a exposição pós-natal ao EE duplicou o peso do complexo prostático, aumentando a frequência relativa dos compartimentos epitelial e estromal e a atividade secretora no lobo ventral da próstata. Todas as glândulas expostas ao EE apresentaram intensa remodelação estromal, focos de hiperplasia epitelial e de infiltrados inflamatórios intersticiais e intraluminais. Células AR e PCNA-positivas tornaram-se significativamente mais frequentes no epitélio e no estroma. Células ERα-positivas, que foram restritas ao compartimento estromal em próstatas controle, foram frequentemente observadas no epitélio prostático dos animais tratados. O presente estudo demonstrou que a exposição ao EE durante o desenvolvimento pós-natal da próstata ventral pode causar alterações organizacionais na histofisiologia deste órgão, predispondo os indivíduos precocemente a lesões prostáticas. Estes resultados são de grande importância para a saúde pública, visto que o EE tem sido cada vez mais utilizado por mulheres em todo o mundo, e que a bioacumulação deste químico ambiental tem atingido níveis cada vez mais altos nos diferentes ecossistemas.

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Barbosa, Maricele Nascimento. "Resposta comportamental e hormonal de machos n?o reprodutores de sag?i, callithrix jacchus, a est?mulos sensoriais de filhotes n?o aparentados". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17207.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Parental care in mammals is influenced by somatosensory stimuli from infants, such as vocalization and sight and by changes in the hormone levels of caretakers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavioral and hormonal responses of twelve non reproductive adult male common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) to infant cues, vocalization recordings, sight and physical contact with newborn. Six out of twelve males had previous experience in caretaking. In article 1, adult males were exposed to newborn vocalizations for 10 minutes. On control condition no sound was presented. In article 2, males were tested on two conditions: a) Control: an empty acrylic transparent box (test box) was placed in male s cage for 15 minutes, and b) Experimental: males were exposed to newborns into a closed text box for 15 minutes. The cage was kept closed to prevented from tactile, smell and acoustic stimulation by the infant on common marmoset males. In article 3, males were exposed to an open or closed text box, which allowed or not their access to and social interaction with the infants. After each observation sessions, blood samples were collected to evaluate the cortisol levels of males. In all studies, behavioral response of adult males was significantly modified by newborns sight, vocalization and physical contact. Males approached and spent more time near the sound source and showed an increase in locomotion during sound exposure. Furthermore, males approached, smelled and spent more time near the test box when the newborn was inside it. There was no difference in behavioral pattern between experienced and non-experienced males in articles 1 and 2. In article 3, behavioral pattern of males was influence by previous caretaking experience. Experienced males recovered quicker and carried the infants more than the inexperienced ones. However, inexperienced males showed a decrease in recovery latency and an increase in carrying time after successive exposure to infants. Cortisol levels changed after exposure to infant s vocalization, especially for experienced adult males. Male hormonal profile was not affected by the sight of infants neither by their previous experienced in caretaking. The occurrence of social interaction between the caretaker and infant did not modify the hormonal profile of common marmoset males; however, as much as experienced males carried the infants their cortisol levels decreased. Thus, members of a social group or potential caretakers common marmosets exposed to sensory cues from dependent infant such as vocalization, sight, smell and physical contact, changed their behavioral and hormonal responses that are physiological modulators of parental behavior in common marmoset
Em mam?feros, o cuidado parental ? influenciado por est?mulos sensoriais provenientes dos infantes, tais como, a vocaliza??o e a vis?o e por mudan?as hormonais que ocorrem nos cuidadores. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a resposta comportamental e hormonal de 12 machos adultos n?o reprodutores de sag?i, Callithrix jacchus, a vocaliza??o, a vis?o e contato f?sico com filhotes rec?mnascidos. Seis dos doze machos utilizados tinham experi?ncia pr?via no cuidado ? prole. No primeiro artigo, analisamos os machos adultos quando expostos a vocaliza??o de filhotes por 10 minutos. Na condi??o controle a vocaliza??o n?o foi apresentada. No segundo artigo, os machos foram testados em 2 condi??es: a) Controle: uma caixa de acr?lico vazia (caixa teste) foi colocada nas gaiolas-viveiro dos animais por 15 minutos; e b) Experimental: machos foram expostos a filhotes colocados na caixa teste fechada, de modo evitar a influ?ncia de pistas sonoras, olfativas e t?teis do filhote nos machos de sag?i. No terceiro artigo, apresentamos os resultados de machos que foram expostos a caixa teste com filhote aberta ou fechada, permitindo ou n?o o acesso e intera??o f?sica do macho com o infante. Ap?s todas as observa??es comportamentais, amostras de sangue foram coletadas para avalia??o dos n?veis de cortisol dos machos. Nos tr?s artigos, a resposta comportamental dos machos adultos foi significativamente influenciada pela vocaliza??o, vis?o e contato f?sico com o infante. Os machos se aproximaram e passaram mais tempo pr?ximos da fonte sonora e se deslocaram mais durante exposi??o ? vocaliza??o. Al?m disso, machos se aproximaram, cheiraram e passaram mais tempo pr?ximo da caixa teste quando o infante estava presente. Nos dois primeiros artigos n?o foi encontrada diferen?a no padr?o comportamental dos animais com rela??o ? experi?ncia pr?via no cuidado. No terceiro artigo, a experi?ncia pr?via no cuidado influenciou significativamente o padr?o comportamental dos machos. Machos experientes recuperaram mais rapidamente e carregaram mais os filhotes que os inexperientes. Todavia, a lat?ncia de recupera??o diminui e o tempo de carregar aumentou nos inexperientes ap?s exposi??o sucessiva aos filhotes. Os n?veis plasm?ticos de cortisol variaram ap?s a exposi??o ? vocaliza??o de infantes, sendo significativamente mais elevados nos machos experientes. Quanto ao efeito da vis?o do filhote, os n?veis de cortisol n?o variaram ap?s a exposi??o, nem foram modificados pela experi?ncia pr?via do cuidador. A ocorr?ncia de intera??o social entre o cuidador e o filhote n?o modificou o perfil hormonal dos machos de sag?i; contudo, enquanto maior a dura??o os epis?dios de carregar pelos machos experientes menores os seus n?veis de cortisol. Assim, membros do grupo social ou cuidadores em potencial de sag?i expostos a pistas sensoriais de filhotes dependentes, como a vocaliza??o, vis?o, cheiro e contato f?sico, apresentam mudan?a em suas respostas comportamental e hormonal que s?o moduladores fisiol?gicos do comportamento de cuidado ? prole em sag?i. GEST?O DA INFORMA??O PARA O EMPREENDEDORISMO

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18

Silva, Juciara da Costa. "Investigação do comportamento social pós-puberal em machos e fêmeas advindo do hipotireoidismo materno: possível correlação para o neurodesenvolvimento do espectro autista?" Universidade Nove de Julho, 2015. http://bibliotecadigital.uninove.br/handle/tede/1299.

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Maternal thyroid dysfunction and its most common condition, gestational hypothyroidism, may facilitate fetal neurodevelopmental disarrangements. Disorders in neurodevelopment arising from subclinical and often not-detectable maternal thyroid dysfunction share similarities with some of the cognitive and behavior alterations manifested in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In particular, fetal deficits in cortical migration, neuronal fate and maturation impair fine aspects of cognitive function and social behavior in these social and clinical conditions. To date however, there are very few studies, which address in detail the predominant deficits in communication and sociability in late-adolescence and young adult individuals regarding their sex differences related to subclinical maternal hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Using an animal model of mild maternal hypothyroidism, we investigated social behaviors of the offspring after puberty in both male and female mice and looked for changes in their anxiety and aggression levels and vocalization as well as their sex dependence. Our study showed an increase in induced anxiety paralleled by relatively reduced vocalization in male offspring subjected to mild hypothyroidism in pregnant female mice. These experimental findings not only open a neurodevelopmental window to investigate the molecular aspects of these behavioral abnormalities but also and may foster educational, psychological and medical advances in late-stage child neurodevelopment among the ASD individuals
A disfunção tireoidiana materna com destaque no hipotireoidismo causa representativos danos neurológicos para o feto que em muitos aspectos cognitivos se assemelham às alterações neurobiológicas das doenças do espectro autista, como exemplo: alterações de migração cortical, comprometimento de especialização neuronal e modificações nas funções cognitivas. Há uma escassez de estudos para melhor esclarecer e caracterizar as alterações de comportamento na prole pós-puberal, cujo impacto no neurodesenvolvimento intra-útero ocorrera facilitando os prejuízos tardios de sociabilidade animal. Utilizando um modelo murino de hipotireoidismo materno (tratamento com metimazol), estudamos as alterações em comportamentos sociais da prole após o período puberal, a fim de entendermos os variados aspectos de prováveis alterações cognitivas e motivacionais em machos versus em fêmeas. Realizamos o estudo com foco em comportamentos vislumbrando agressividade ofensiva e defensiva, vocalização social, e autopreservação (i.e.; medo; ansiedade) bem como, adaptações neurovegetativas (i.e.; regulação térmica). Os dados mostraram um acometimento da prole masculina proveniente de mães tratadas com metimazol 30 dias antes da gestação ocorrer. Esse projeto correlacionou aspectos etológicos com um grande tema da esfera clínica em humanos no que tange doenças do neurodesenvolvimento e desarranjos sociais mais brandos, porém abrangentes e prevalentes e suas repercussões comportamentais na vida pós-puberal e adulta.

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19

Barbosa, Mayara Queiroga. "Efeito do consumo de dietas elaboradas com mortadelas defumadas e não defumadas sob o perfil lipídico e aspectos histopatológicos do fígado e do cólon intestinal de ratos machos". Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4318.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The highest intake of processed meat products in relation to red meat may increase the risk of colon cancer incidence and / or rectum and prostate. Despite ample evidence of this relationship further research is needed to indicate which foods are involved with this risk and to help clarify the mechanisms of the relationship between dietary com-ponents and the development of these diseases. Aiming to collaborate with more in-formation about this important topic, this research was conducted with the purpose of, from the experimental animal model to evaluate the effect of consuming diets contain-ing bologna and smoked not smoked on the biochemical and histopathological aspects of liver cells and intestinal colon of rats (Wistar) male. A total of 30 rats with 90 days of life divided into three groups. The Control group received a standard diet with case-in, the group consuming traditional diet made with Mortadella Bologna traditional source of protein that was supplemented with casein and the third group ate a diet de-signed with smoked Mortadella Bologna as a source of protein that was supplemented with casein (Smoked group), experimental diets were offered daily for a period of 90 days. Were examined analysis of the composition and identification of fatty acids of bologna. During the trial, held weekly assessment of weekly intake and weight gain of animals. After 90 days the animals were weighed and anesthetized to collect blood for analysis of plasma lipid fractions. Excision was performed, cleaning and weighing of the liver, spleen and visceral fat and performed histopathological analysis of liver and intestinal colon. The traditional sausage and smoked sausage contained respectively 15.27% ± 1.35 and 15.85 ± 1.89% protein, 26.19% ± 0.43 and 25.38 ± 0.272% fat, 2.46% 3.075 ± 0.049 and ± 0.45% carbohydrate, 2.65% ± 0.507 and 3.085 ± 0.45% of ash. The proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids: polyunsaturated: saturated (M: P: S) detected was 2.7: 1: 2.2 and 2.6 in the traditional bologna: 1: 2.1 in smoked sau-sage, not showing the recommended proportion . The consumption of diets showed significant differences between groups and between weeks. The body weight of the animals and traditional smoked increased steadily with time and the control group showed oscillations. The levels of plasma lipid fractions were higher in group smoked. It is concluded that the quality and the proportion of fatty acids monounsaturated: po-lyunsaturated: saturated (M: P: S) present in both types of mortadella contributed sig-nificantly to these results and that although the fatty acid composition are similar, the animals consumed diet containing smoked sausage showed greater imbalance in the lipid profile, which may have been caused by increased food intake. Regarding the histopathological analysis of liver, smoked group was observed higher concentration of mononuclear cells within hepatic portal, which may have been caused by chemical substances present in sausage smoked by the deposition of the smoke settles
O maior consumo de produtos cárneos processados em relação à carne vermelha pode elevar o risco da incidência do câncer de cólon e/ ou reto e próstata. Apesar de várias evidências desta relação são necessárias mais pesquisas para indicar quais alimentos estão envolvidos com esse risco e contribuir para esclarecimento dos mecanismos da relação entre os compo-nentes da dieta e o desenvolvimento dessas doenças. Visando colaborar com mais informa-ções sobre esse importante tema, esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de, a partir do modelo experimental em animais, avaliar o efeito do consumo de dietas elaboradas com mor-tadelas defumadas e não defumadas sobre os parâmetros bioquímicos e os aspectos histopato-lógicos das células hepáticas e de cólon intestinal de ratos (wistar) machos. Foram utilizados 30 ratos com 90 dias de vida distribuídos em três grupos. O grupo Controle recebeu dieta pa-drão com caseína, o grupo Tradicional consumiu dieta elaborada com mortadela Bologna tra-dicional, como fonte de proteínas que foi completada pela caseína e o terceiro grupo consumi-ram a dieta elaborada com mortadela Bologna defumada também como fonte de proteína que foi completada com caseína (grupo Defumado), as dietas experimentais foram ofertadas diari-amente por um período de 90 dias. Foram realizadas a análise da composição centesimal e identificação de ácidos graxos das mortadelas. Durante o experimento, semanalmente reali-zou-se avaliação do consumo semanal e ganho de peso dos animais. Após o período de 90 dias os animais foram pesados e anestesiados para coleta de sangue para análise das frações lipídicas plasmáticas. Foi realizada excisão, limpeza e pesagem do fígado, baço e gordura visceral e realizada análise histopatológica do fígado e cólon intestinal. A mortadela tradicio-nal e a mortadela defumada continham respectivamente 15,27% ± 1,35 e 15,85% ± 1,89 de proteínas, 26,19% ± 0,43 e 25,38% ± 0,272 de gordura, 2,46% ± 0,049 e 3,075% ± 0,45 de carboidratos, 2,65% ± 0,507 e 3,085% ± 0,45 de resíduo mineral fixo. A proporção de ácidos de graxos monoinsaturado:polinsaturado:saturado (M:P:S) detectado foi 2,7: 1: 2,2 na morta-dela tradicional e 2,6: 1: 2,1 na mortadela defumada, não apresentando proporção recomenda-da. O consumo de dietas apresentou diferenças significativas entre os grupos e entre as sema-nas. O peso corporal dos animais do grupo defumado e tradicional aumentou de forma estável com o tempo e o grupo controle apresentou oscilações. Os níveis das frações lipídicas plasmá-ticas foram maiores nos animais do grupo defumado. Conclui-se que a qualidade e a propor-ção dos ácidos graxos monoinsaturado:polinsaturado:saturado (M:P:S) presentes nos dois tipos de mortadelas contribuíram significativamente para estes resultados e que, apesar de a composição de ácidos graxos serem semelhantes, os animais que consumiram a dieta conten-do mortadela defumada apresentaram maior desequilíbrio no perfil lipídico, que pode ter sido ocasionado pelo maior consumo da dieta. Com relação as análise histopatológica do fígado, no grupo defumado foi observado maior concentração de infiltrado mononuclear no espaço porta hepático, que pode ter sido ocasionado pela presença de substâncias químicas presente na mortadela defumada pela deposição da fumaça liquida.

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Ferreira, Leonardo Zanini. "Predição de dados em inquéritos populacionais utilizando técnicas de aprendizado de máquina". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2018. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3848.

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Sem bolsa
O monitoramento do desenvolvimento dos indicadores de saúde e nutrição dos países depende de dados precisos e completos. Países de baixa e média renda dependem de inquéritos populacionais para tomada de decisões, já que seus sistemas de informação ainda são precários. Estes indicadores são desfechos de saúde que indicam a situação de uma intervenção, comportamento ou cuidado de saúde materno-infantil. Apesar de serem ótimas fontes de informação, os inquéritos populacionais também possuem informações incompletas que podem inviabilizar a construção destes indicadores de forma padronizada. O aprendizado de máquina surge como uma alternativa para completar estas lacunas existentes nos inquéritos com base em características sociodemográficas e preditores relacionados. Este trabalho avalia o desempenho de quatro técnicas de aprendizado de máquina (redes neurais, árvores de decisão, KNN e XGB) nesta tarefa, observando o comportamento de dois desfechos de saúde em quatro amostras diferentes. Os resultados apontam para a existência de uma grande variação no desempenho de acordo com o desfecho selecionado. A disponibilidade dos mesmos indicadores como preditores também é um desafio enfrentado. As técnicas de aprendizado de máquina estudadas apresentaram pouca variação de desempenho entre elas, o que sugere que a natureza dos dados é um fator determinante neste tipo de aplicação. Contudo, o primeiro desfecho apresentou resultados aceitáveis para uma aplicação prática, enquanto o segundo desfecho atingiu estimativas inferiores ao que especialistas consideram como um desempenho razoável.
Monitoring the development of countries’ health and nutrition indicators rely on accurate and complete data. Low-and middle-income countries depend on populational surveys for decision-making since their information systems are still unreliable. These indicators are health outcomes which point out the status of a maternal and child health intervention, behavior or care. Despite being great sources of information, the populational surveys also lack information which could prevent the creation of these standardized indicators. Machine learning arise as an alternative to fill the gaps found in the surveys based on sociodemographic characteristics and related predictors. This work evaluates the performance of four machine learning techniques (neural networks, decision trees, KNN and XGB) in this task by observing the behavior of two health outcomes in four different samples. The results indicate that a great variation can be found depending on the selected outcome. The availability of those indicators as predictors is also a challenge. The studied machine learning techniques presented a small performance variation between themselves which suggests that the nature of the data is determinant to this kind of application. Still, the first outcomes showed acceptable results for a practical application while the second outcome reached lower estimates compared to those which specialists consider as a reasonable performance.

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MEDEIROS, Leonardo Melo de. "Uma abordagem de monitoramento dos sinais motores da doença de Parkinson baseada em jogos eletrônicos". Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2016. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/675.

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Capes
Os Sistemas de Monitoramento da Saúde (SMS) possibilitam aos médicos obterem informações sobre o estado de saúde de seus pacientes. Além disso, as identiﬁcações dos sintomas das doenças podem auxiliar no diagnóstico precoce e prevenir a ocorrência de situações críticas. Para acompanhar e avaliar a saúde motora de um paciente, é necessário realizar uma avaliação motora por meio de movimentos especíﬁcos. Isto diﬁculta a concepção de um SMS de dados motores não-invasivo e engajados na rotina diária dos pacientes. A abordagem apresentada nesta tese, utiliza os jogos eletrônicos como fator motivacional para o fornecimento dos dados motores. Durante o jogo, o usuário é induzido a executar movimentos relevantes, de modo que um sensor de movimento possa adquiri-los e quantiﬁcá-los. Este ambiente lúdico, de jogo eletrônico, abstrai o usuário do contexto de tratamento da saúde e incentiva a execução dos movimentos de uma maneira mais natural do que a imposta por um exame clínico. Para avaliar esta abordagem, foi desenvolvido um jogo com a arquitetura proposta para identiﬁcar sintomas motores relacionadas com a Doença de Parkinson. Num estudo de caso controle, foram avaliados os movimentos angulares dos braços para quantiﬁcar as habilidades motoras desses grupos. Os dados coletados foram processados e aplicados a uma Máquina de Vetor de Suporte(SVM) para classiﬁcar a ocorrência do sintoma da bradicinesia do Parkinson. Obteve-se uma classiﬁcação com uma acurácia de 86,67% e falsos positivos de6,67%. Além disso, em um experimento para avaliação da aceitação dos usuários, 90% ﬁcaram motivados com o jogo desenvolvido e aﬁrmaram que integrariam o SMS em sua rotina diária. Estes resultados demonstram que a abordagem de monitoramento baseado em jogos, apresentada nesta tese, tem potencial para ser um SMS para monitoramentos dos sintomas motores.
Health Monitoring Systems (HMS) allow doctors to gain a better picture of their patient’s health status. An early identiﬁcation of symptoms can support the disease’s diagnostic and prevent critical situations. In order to monitor a patient’s motor abilities, it is necessary to record and evaluate speciﬁc movements. This makes it difﬁcult to design a HMS that non-obtrusively integrates into the patient’s daily routine. The approach presented in this thesis makes use of the motivational power of electronic games. While playing the game, the user is incited to make the relevant movements, so that an optical sensor can detect and measure them. The playful situation distracts the user from thinking about health issues and therefore encourages more natural movements with improved validity for a health examination. To evaluate this approach, a game has been developed and employed to detect Parkinson related motor symptoms. In a study with patients diagnosed as affected by the Parkinson Disease and a healthy control group, the angular movements of the arms were used to measure motor abilities. The data was then processed and applied to a Support Vector Machine (SVM) to predict, based on the detected movements, whether a subject shows Parkinson related symptoms or should be classiﬁed as healthy. The system classiﬁed the subjects with an accuracy of 86.67% and arate of 6.67% false positives. Furthermore, the use racceptance of the game-based approach was studied and showed that 90% of the users felt motivated to play the game as part of their daily routine. These results demonstrate that the game-based approach presented in this thesis has the potential to become a base for HMS that monitor motor symptoms.

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22

Lopes, Henrique Batista Marques. "Educação, trabalho, tecnologia e saúde : a presença da máquina na “atividade” de profissionais de saúde". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115960.

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O presente estudo se caracteriza por uma abordagem do trabalho em saúde mediado pela máquina, tomando em consideração a relação educação-trabalho. Procura trazer à tona as relações estabelecidas em ambientes de assistência hospitalar, como centros cirúrgicos e unidades de terapia intensiva, onde a mediação da tecnologia por meio de máquinas é muito presente. A imersão no universo profissional do cuidado com tal mediação busca desvendar os aspectos antecedentes - de normatização e prescrição -, que buscam enquadrá-lo, mas também aquilo que o caracteriza como atividade humana, a partir da óptica da Ergologia, abordando o protagonismo da renormatização e da invenção no fazer cotidiano da saúde. Esta abordagem entende o trabalho como atividade permeada por múltiplas dimensões, que o revelam complexo e impossível de ser reduzido aos seus aspectos concretos previamente definidos por quem o concebe e regulamenta. Nas situações singulares que modulam o exercício do trabalho visto como atividade, o homem procura sempre afirmar-se como protagonista e centro mobilizador de recursos materiais, formativos e de ordem subjetiva, por meio dos quais atualiza a ação prescrita pela norma: norma e aprendizado em ato, ambos necessários à execução do melhor trabalho. Nessas situações, onde o trabalho previsto se torna real, encontraremos os processos de renormatização e aprendizagem provocados pelo encontro do homem com o previsto e o atual, condicionados pelo que a ergologia identifica como variabilidades próprias do ambiente técnico. Entre os objetivos principais do estudo esteve a identificação dos processos renormatizadores e de aprendizagem (ressingularizadores) previstos pela ergologia, o que permitiu formular saberes sobre a presença da máquina no universo do exercício profissional em saúde. O processo de aproximação aos profissionais do cuidado gerou subsídios que nos permitem interpelar, por exemplo, as políticas de formação voltadas ao uso consciente de tecnologias/máquinas. A pesquisa gerou subsídios úteis para a gestão dos serviços de assistência que apresentam alta densidade - e dependência - de tecnologias representadas pelas máquinas, de maneira que seus profissionais possam dimensionar adequadamente sua incorporação, além de problematizar sua presença nos ambientes do trabalho em saúde. A pesquisa contribuiu ao entendimento de que a formação para o exercício profissional ultrapassa os muros das instituições formadoras, apresentando-se como educação permanente nos ambientes de trabalho e como interação desafiadora e compromissada entre ensino e serviços (comunidades científicas ampliadas).
The current study is characterized by an approach of health work mediated by machinery, taking into account the relationship between education and work. It seeks to bring out the relations between some categories of professionals working in hospital care environments, such as surgery rooms and intensive care units, places where the technologies mediated by machines are present. Immersion in the professional world of care with this mediation intends to uncover the background aspects - of standardization and prescription - that seek to frame it, but also what characterizes it as a human activity, from the perspective of Ergology, addressing the role of restandardize and invention in making health in daily life. This approach considers the work as permeated activity by multiple dimensions, which reveal the complexity and impossibility to reduce to its concrete aspects previously defined by who conceives and regulates it. In singular situations that modulate the exercise of work seen as an activity, the man always seeks to establish itself as protagonist and mobilizing center of material resources of formative and subjective order, through which updates the action prescribed by the standard: standardization and learning in act, both necessary to implement a better work. In these situations, where the planned work becomes real, we find the restandardize and learning processes caused by man's encounter with the foreseen and the current, conditioned by what ergology identifies as own variabilities of technical environment. Among the main objectives of the study was the identification of restandardize and learning processes (resingularization) provided by ergology, which allowed to formulate knowledge about the presence of the machine in the universe of professional practices in health. The process of approximation to care professionals generated subsidies that allow us to question, for example, training policies geared to conscious use of technologies/machines. The research yielded useful information for the management of assistance services, which have a high density - and dependence - of technologies represented by machinery, in such a way that it can enable staff to properly size its incorporation, and discuss their presence in health services environments. The research contributed to the understand that professional practices formation exceeds the walls of educational institutions, presenting itself as permanent education in the workplace and as a challenging and committed interaction between education and services (extended scientific communities).
El presente estudio se caracteriza por un abordaje del trabajo en salud mediado por la máquina, llevando en cuenta la relación educación-trabajo. Busca sacar a la luz las relaciones establecidas en ambientes de asistencia hospitalaria, como centros quirúrgicos y unidades de terapia intensiva, donde la mediación de la tecnología por medio de máquinas es muy presente. La inmersión en el universo profesional del cuidado con esa mediación, busca desvendar los aspectos antecedentes –de normalización y prescripción–, que intentan marcarlo, pero también lo que lo caracteriza como actividad humana, a partir de la mirada de la Ergología, abordando el protagonismo de la renormalización y de la invención en el hacer cotidiano de la salud. Este abordaje entiende el trabajo como actividad traspasada por múltiples dimensiones, que lo revelan complejo e imposible de ser reducido a sus aspectos concretos previamente definidos por quien lo concibe y reglamenta. En las situaciones singulares que modulan el ejercicio del trabajo entendido como actividad, el hombre procura siempre afirmarse como protagonista y centro movilizador de recursos materiales, formativos y de subjetivos, por medio de los cuales actualiza la acción prescrita por la norma: norma y aprendizaje en acto, ambos necesarios a la ejecución del mejor trabajo. En estas situaciones, donde el trabajo previsto se torna real, encontraremos los procesos de renormalización y aprendizaje provocados por el encuentro del hombre con el ya previsto y el actual, condicionados por lo que la ergología identifica como variabilidades propias del ambiente técnico. Entre los objetivos principales del estudio estuvo la identificación de los procesos renormalizadores y de aprendizaje (resingularizadores) previstos por la ergología, lo que ha permitido formular saberes sobre la presencia de la máquina en el universo del ejercicio profesional en salud. El proceso de acercamiento a los profesionales del cuidado generó subsidios que nos permiten interpelar, por ejemplo, las políticas de formación orientadas al uso consciente de tecnologías/máquinas. La investigación generó subsidios útiles para la gestión de los servicios de asistencia que presentan alta densidad –y dependencia– de tecnologías representadas por las máquinas, de manera que sus profesionales puedan dimensionar adecuadamente su incorporación, más allá de problematizar su presencia en los ambientes de trabajo en salud. La investigación contribuyó a lo entendimiento de que la formación para el ejercicio profesional ultrapasa los muros de las instituciones formadoras, presentándose como educación permanente en los ambientes de trabajo y como interacción desafiadora y comprometida entre enseñanza y servicios (comunidades científicas ampliadas).

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23

Borrego, Luís Carlos Moreira. "Criação de uma ontologia e respectiva povoação a partir do processamento de relatórios médicos". Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19490.

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A evolução tecnológica tem provocado uma evolução na medicina, através de sistemas computacionais voltados para o armazenamento, captura e disponibilização de informações médicas. Os relatórios médicos são, na maior parte das vezes, guardados num texto livre não estruturado e escritos com vocabulário proprietário, podendo ocasionar falhas de interpretação. Através das linguagens da Web Semântica, é possível utilizar antologias como modo de estruturar e padronizar a informação dos relatórios médicos, adicionando¬ lhe anotações semânticas. A informação contida nos relatórios pode desta forma ser publicada na Web, permitindo às máquinas o processamento automático da informação. No entanto, o processo de criação de antologias é bastante complexo, pois existe o problema de criar uma ontologia que não cubra todo o domínio pretendido. Este trabalho incide na criação de uma ontologia e respectiva povoação, através de técnicas de PLN e Aprendizagem Automática que permitem extrair a informação dos relatórios médicos. Foi desenvolvida uma aplicação, que permite ao utilizador converter relatórios do formato digital para o formato OWL. ABSTRACT: Technological evolution has caused a medicine evolution through computer systems which allow storage, gathering and availability of medical information. Medical reports are, most of the times, stored in a non-structured free text and written in a personal way so that misunderstandings may occur. Through Semantic Web languages, it’s possible to use ontology as a way to structure and standardize medical reports information by adding semantic notes. The information in those reports can, by these means, be displayed on the web, allowing machines automatic information processing. However, the process of creating ontology is very complex, as there is a risk creating of an ontology that not covering the whole desired domain. This work is about creation of an ontology and its population through NLP and Machine Learning techniques to extract information from medical reports. An application was developed which allows the user to convert reports from digital for¬ mat to OWL format.

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Månsson, Kristoffer N. T. "Restructuring the socially anxious brain : Using magnetic resonance imaging to advance our understanding of effective cognitive behaviour therapy for social anxiety disorder". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132637.

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Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a common psychiatric disorder associated with considerable suffering. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) has been shown to be effective but a significant proportion does not respond or relapses, stressing the need of augmenting treatment. Using neuroimaging could elucidate the psychological and neurobiological interaction and may help to improve current therapeutics. To address this issue, functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were repeatedly conducted on individuals with SAD randomised to receive CBT or an active control condition. MRI was performed pre-, and post-treatment, as well as at one-year follow-up. Matched healthy controls were also scanned to be able to evaluate disorder-specific neural responsivity and structural morphology. This thesis aimed at answering three major questions. I) Does the brain’s fear circuitry (e.g., the amygdala) change, with regard to neural response and structural morphology, immediately after CBT? II) Are the immediate changes in the brain still present at long-term follow-up? III) Can neural responsivity in the fear circuitry predict long-term treatment outcome at the level of the individual? Thus, different analytic methods were performed. Firstly, multimodal neuroimaging addressed questions on concomitant changes in neural response and grey matter volume. Secondly, two different experimental functional MRI tasks captured both neural response to emotional faces and self-referential criticism. Thirdly, support vector machine learning (SVM) was used to evaluate neural predictors at the level of the individual. Amygdala responsivity to self-referential criticism was found to be elevated in individuals with SAD, as compared to matched healthy controls, and the neural response was attenuated after effective CBT. In individuals with SAD, amygdala grey matter volume was positively correlated with symptoms of anticipatory speech anxiety, and CBT-induced symptom reduction was associated with decreased grey matter volume of the amygdala. Also, CBT-induced reduction of amygdala grey matter volume was evident both at short- and long-term follow-up. In contrast, the amygdala neural response was weakened immediately after treatment, but not at one-year follow-up. In extension to treatment effects on the brain, pre-treatment connectivity between the amygdala and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was stronger in long-term CBT non-responders, as compared to long-term CBT responders. Importantly, by use of an SVM algorithm, pre-treatment neural response to self-referential criticism in the dACC accurately predicted (>90%) the clinical response to CBT. In conclusion, modifying the amygdala is a likely mechanism of action in CBT, underlying the anxiolytic effects of this treatment, and the brain’s neural activity during self-referential criticism may be an accurate and clinically relevant predictor of the long-term response to CBT. Along these lines, neuroimaging is a vital tool in clinical psychiatry that could potentially improve clinical decision-making based on an individual’s neural characteristics.
Social ångest är en av de vanligaste psykiska sjukdomarna. Mer än en miljon svenskar bedöms lida av detta. Social ångest leder ofta till svåra konsekvenser för den som drabbas, men även ökade kostnader för samhället har noterats, t ex i form av ökad sjukfrånvaro. Även om många som drabbas inte söker hjälp så finns effektiva behandlingar för social ångest, både farmakologiska och psykologiska behandlingar rekommenderas av Socialstyrelsen. Kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) är en evidensbaserad och rekommenderad psykologisk behandling för social ångest. Trots att nuvarande interventioner är effektiva så är det fortfarande en andel individer som inte blir förbättrade. Det finns en stor andel studier som visar att individer med social ångest, i jämförelse med friska individer, karakteriseras av överdriven aktivitet i ett nätverk som har till uppgift att tolka och reagera på hotfull information. Denna aktivitet är lokaliserad i rädslonätverket där området amygdala spelar en central roll. Det finns ett behov att utveckla nuvarande behandlingar och denna avhandling syftar till att öka vår förståelse för en neurobiologisk verkningsmekanism bakom KBT för social ångest. I detta forskningsprojekt har magnetresonanstomografi (MRT) använts för att undersöka personer som lider av social ångest. Upprepade mätningar har genomförts, innan, efter, och vid uppföljning ett år efter ångestlindrande behandling. Utöver detta har individer som inte lider av social ångest undersökts för att förstå hur patienter skiljer sig från friska personer, men också för att undersöka om behandlingen normaliserar patientens hjärna. Under tiden som deltagarna undersöktes med MRT genomfördes två experiment för att ta reda på hur hjärnan reagerar på affektiv information. Deltagarna tittade på bilder med ansikten som uttrycker emotioner, t ex arga och rädda ansiktsuttryck, samt information som innehöll kritiska kommentarer riktade till personen själv eller någon annan, t ex ”ingen tycker om dig” eller ”hon är inkompetent”. Strukturella bilder på deltagarnas hjärnor har också samlats in vid varje mättillfälle. Utöver detta fick alla deltagare instruktioner om att de efter MRT skulle hålla en muntlig presentation inför en publik. Denna uppgift är oftast den värsta tänkbara för individer med social ångest, och syftet med uppgiften var att relatera hjärnans struktur och aktivitet till hur mycket ångest som individerna upplevde inför denna situation. I arbetet med denna avhandling har tre frågor ställts. a) Uppstår strukturella och funktionella förändringar i rädslonätverket direkt efter avslutad KBT (Studie I och II)? b) Är de tidiga förändringarna efter behandlingen även kvarstående ett år senare (Studie III)? c) Kan hjärnans reaktioner i rädslonätverket förutspå vilka individer som kommer att bli förbättrade av en ångestlindrande psykologisk behandling på lång sikt? Resultat från studierna i denna avhandling sammanfattas nedan: Reaktioner till självriktad kritik i amygdala är överdrivna hos individer med social ångest, i jämförelse med friska individer Reaktioner i amygdala minskar efter att individerna blivit behandlade med KBT och minskningarna korrelerar till minskade symptom av social ångest Den strukturella volymen av amygdala korrelerar positivt med hur mycket ångest individerna upplever inför en muntlig presentation, och minskningen av dessa symptom korrelerar även med hur mycket volymen av amygdala minskar efter KBT Minskningen av amygdalavolym och den samtidigt minskade reaktiviteten i amygdala till självriktad kritik är korrelerade. Medieringsanalyser antyder att det är den minskade volymen som driver förhållandet mellan minskad reaktivitet och minskad ångest inför att hålla en muntlig presentation Den strukturella minskningen av amygdala ses både direkt efter behandlingens avslut, men även vid uppföljning ett år senare. Hjärnans reaktivitet till självriktad kritik i amygdala minskar direkt efter behandling, men är inte kvarstående vid uppföljning ett år senare Kopplingen mellan hjärnans reaktivitet till självriktad kritik i amygdala och dorsala främre cingulum var starkare hos de som inte blev förbättrade (jämfört med de som blev bättre) av en ångestlindrande behandling på lång sikt Med hjälp av en stödvektormaskin (en. support vector machine learning) och ett mönster av hjärnaktivitet i dorsala främre cingulum innan behandling påbörjades, predicerades (med 92% träffsäkerhet) vilka individer som ett år senare var fortsatt förbättrade av en effektiv psykologisk behandling Utifrån dessa observationer är slutsatserna att strukturell och funktionell påverkan på amygdala är en möjlig neurobiologisk mekanism för minskad social ångest efter KBT, samt att reaktivitet i främre cingulum kan ge kliniskt relevant data om vem som kommer att bli förbättrad av en psykologisk behandling. Denna information kan potentiellt vara viktig i framtidens psykiatri för att utveckla existerande behandlingar, men även för att stödja klinikers beslutsfattande huruvida en viss individ bör erbjudas en specifik behandling eller ej.

Illustration on the cover by Jan Lööf. Cover image printed with permission from Jan Lööf and Bonnier Carlsen Förlag. The cover was art directed by Staffan Lager.

The thesis is reprinted and the previous ISBN was 9789176856888.

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25

Merat, Natasha, Tyron Louw, Ruth Madigan, Marc Wilbrink y Anna Schieben. "What externally presented information do VRUs require when interacting with fully Automated Road Transport Systems in shared space?" Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72265.

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As the desire for deploying automated (“driverless”) vehicles increases, there is a need to understand how they might communicate with other road users in a mixed traffic, urban, setting. In the absence of an active and responsible human controller in the driving seat, who might currently communicate with other road users in uncertain/conflicting situations, in the future, understanding a driverless car’s behaviour and intentions will need to be relayed via easily comprehensible, intuitive and universally intelligible means, perhaps presented externally via new vehicle interfaces. This paper reports on the results of a questionnaire-based study, delivered to 664 participants, recruited during live demonstrations of an Automated Road Transport Systems (ARTS; SAE Level 4), in three European cities. The questionnaire sought the views of pedestrians and cyclists, focussing on whether respondents felt safe interacting with ARTS in shared space, and also what externally presented travel behaviour information from the ARTS was important to them. Results showed that most pedestrians felt safer when the ARTS were travelling in designated lanes, rather than in shared space, and the majority believed they had priority over the ARTS, in the absence of such infrastructure. Regardless of lane demarcations, all respondents highlighted the importance of receiving some communication information about the behaviour of the ARTS, with acknowledgement of their detection by the vehicle being the most important message. There were no clear patterns across the respondents, regarding preference of modality for these external messages, with cultural and infrastructural differences thought to govern responses. Generally, however, conventional signals (lights and beeps) were preferred to text-based messages and spoken words. The results suggest that until these driverless vehicles are able to provide universally comprehensible externally presented information or messages during interaction with other road users, they are likely to contribute to confusing and conflicting interactions between these actors, especially in a shared space setting, which may, therefore, reduce efficient traffic flow.

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26

Ministr, Martin. "Virtuální platformy pro simulaci instrukčních sad". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-235424.

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This master's thesis deals with creation of generators of the code for existing virtual platforms QEMU and OVP. This work consist of study of techniques, which are used by virtual machines for their work. Main part of this work is the design of process, which transforms input instruction sets to the code used by these virtual platforms. As the result of this work functional programs, which generate the code for these virtual platforms, was created.

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27

Csóka, Pavel. "Rozpoznávání textu pomocí konvolučních sítí". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255303.

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This thesis aims at creation of new datasets for text recognition machine learning tasks and experiments with convolutional neural networks on these datasets. It describes architecture of convolutional nets, difficulties of recognizing text from photographs and contemporary works using these networks. Next, creation of annotation, using Tesseract OCR, for dataset comprised from photos of document pages, taken by mobile phones, named Mobile Page Photos. From this dataset two additional are created by cropping characters out of its photos formatted as Street View House Numbers dataset. Dataset Mobile Nice Page Photos Characters contains readable characters and Mobile Page Photos Characters adds hardly readable and unreadable ones. Three models of convolutional nets are created and used for text recognition experiments on these datasets, which are also used for estimation of annotation error.

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28

Cinbis, Ramazan Gokberk. "Classification d'images et localisation d'objets par des méthodes de type noyau de Fisher". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071581.

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Dans cette thèse, nous proposons des modèles et des méthodes dédiés à des taches de compréhension de l'image. En particulier, nous nous penchons sur des approches de type noyau de Fisher pour la classification d'images et la localisation d'objets. Nos études se répartissent en trois chapitres. En premier lieu, nous proposons de nouveaux descripteurs d'images construits sur des modèles non-iid de l'image. Notre point de départ est l'observation que les régions locales d'une image sont souvent supposées indépendentes et identiquement distribuées (iid) dans les modèles de type sacs-de-mots (SdM). Nous introduisons des modèles non-iid en traitant les paramètres du SdM comme des variables latentes, ce qui rend interdépendantes toutes les régions locales. En utilisant le noyau de Fisher, nous encodons une image par le gradient de sa log-vraisemblance par rapport aux hyper-paramètres du modèle. Notre représentation implique naturellement une invariance à certaines transformations, ce qui explique pourquoi de telles approches ont été courronnées de succès. En utilisant l'inférence variationnelle, nous étendons le modèle de base pour inclure un mélange de gaussiennes sur les descripteurs locaux, et un modèle latent de sujets pour capturer la structure co-occurente des mots visuels. Dans un second temps, nous présentons un système de détection d'objet reposant sur la représentation haute-dimension d'images par le vecteur de Fisher. Pour des raisons de complexité en temps et en espace, nous utilisons une méthode récente à base de segmentation pour engendrer des hypothèses de détection indépendantes des classes, ainsi que des techniques de compression. Notre principale contribution est une méthode pour produire des masques de segmentation potentiels, afin de supprimer le bruit du descripteur dû à l'arrière plan. Nous montrons que repondérer les descripteurs locaux de l'image en fonction de ces masques améliore significativement la performance en détection. Troisièmement, nous proposons une approche semi-supervisée pour la localisation d'objets. L'entrainement supervisé usuel de détecteurs d'objets nécessite l'annotation de boites englobantes des instances de ces objets. Ce processus coûteux est évité en apprentissage semi-supervisé, lequel ne nécessite que des étiquettes binaires indiquant la présence ou l'absence des objets. Nous suivons une approche d'apprentissage à instance multiple en alterne itérativement entre entrainer un détecteur et inférer les positions des objets. Notre contribution principale est une procédure multi-état d'apprentissage à instance multiple, qui évite à l'apprentissage de se focaliser prématurément sur des positions d'objets erronnées. Nous montrons que cette procédure est particulièrement importante lorsque des représentations haute-dimensions comme le vecteur de Fisher sont utilisées. Pour finir, nous présentons dans l'appendice de cette thèse notre travail sur l'identification de personnes dans des vidéos télévision non-contrôlées. Nous montrons qu'une distance adaptée au casting peut être apprise sans étiqueter d'exemple d'apprentissage, mais en utilisant des paires de visages au sein d'un même chemin et sur plusieurs chemins se chevauchant temporellement. Nous montrons que la métrique apprise améliore l'identification de chemins de visages, la reconnaissance et les performances en regroupement.

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29

Nezdarová, Martina. "Obsluha bankovních klientů alternativními distribučními kanály". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221659.

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This master‘s thesis deals with the alternative chanels of distribution use in a retail banking at large and in Česká spořitelna in the concrete. The self-solution consists in the planning and the implementation of the pilot project by the alternative chanels of distribution use in the getting undergraduates as the bank clients.

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30

Cignachi, Nat?lia Pradella. "Regenera??o ?ssea em camundongos : correla??o entre diabetes tipo 1 e menopausa experimental". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8172.

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This thesis encompasses two parts: firstly, we compared the bone healing in female and male mice, after induction of type 1 diabetes (T1D); secondly, the bone regeneration was evaluated in a menopause model induced by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), with or without T1D induction. For the part I, the animals (female and male) were initially assigned into two groups, namely control or T1D (elicited by streptozotocin; STZ). In the part II, the females were divided into four experimental groups: sham-operated or OVX, with or without STZ T1D induction. After T1D induction, a monocortical femoral defect was created. In either parts of the present study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation with vitamin D3 and/or insulin. In the second part, the effects of estrogen replacement were also analyzed. Following 21 days of bone defect creation, the animals were euthanized; the femurs and blood were collected for posterior analysis. Both T1D females and males presented a reduction in body weight gain, associated with hyperglycemia. There were no changes in the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1? (IL-1?), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-? (IFN-?)] in all the evaluated groups. T1D mice of both sexes presented a delayed bone regeneration, according to the histological and micro-CT assessment. The supplementation with vitamin D3 restored the bone healing in female and male T1D mice, reaching values close to controls. The insulin therapy improved the bone remodeling in T1D mice of both sexes, but the effects of this hormone were superior in males. The evaluation of osteoclast activity did not reveal significant differences among the experimental groups. Real time PCR revealed slight differences in the mRNA expression of two transcription factors related to osteoblast differentiation, namely runx2 and osterix, as measured in the area into the bone defect. A higher upregulation of both factors was seen in T1D males treated with vitamin D3. Conversely, vitamin D3-treated T1D females displayed an upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), further indication sex-related differences for the treatments. Besides the experimental protocols described for the 12 part I of this thesis, in the part II, we also evaluated some behavioral locomotor parameters and serum levels of calcium and alkaline phosphatase. OVX animals presented increased body weight gain, accompanied by uterus atrophy. Otherwise, T1D induction elicited a reduction of body weight gain, which was more pronounced in OVX-T1D animals. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase were divergent in the non-diabetic and T1D OVX animals. Calcium or cytokine levels were similar in all the experimental groups. The sham-operated T1D, the non-diabetic OVX and the OVX-T1D groups presented a delayed bone regeneration, as indicated by histological and micro-CT analysis. Estrogen replacement improved the bone healing in all OVX groups. There was a trend toward an upregulation of IGF-1 mRNA in non-diabetic OVX animals, which was not mirrored in OVX-T1D mice. Locomotor parameters remained unaltered, except by a general reduction of rearing numbers in T1D animals.
A presente tese est? dividida em duas partes: na parte I, comparou-se a regenera??o ?ssea em camundongos f?meas e machos, com diabetes do tipo 1 (T1D). Na parte II, foi avaliada a regenera??o ?ssea no modelo de menopausa experimental induzido por ovariectomia (OVX), com ou sem T1D. Na parte I, os animais (machos e f?meas) foram divididos em dois grandes grupos: controle e T1D (induzido por estreptozotocina; STZ). Na parte II, os animais foram divididos em quatro grandes grupos: f?meas falso-operadas e OVX, com ou sem T1D. Ap?s a indu??o do T1D, foi criado um defeito ?sseo monocortical no f?mur. Nas duas partes do trabalho, foram avaliados os efeitos da suplementa??o com vitamina D3 e/ou insulina. Na segunda parte, tamb?m se avaliou o efeito da reposi??o hormonal com estradiol. Decorridos 21 dias do procedimento da cria??o do defeito, os animais foram eutanasiados; o f?mur e o sangue foram coletados para an?lises posteriores. Tanto as f?meas, quanto os machos T1D, apresentaram uma redu??o do ganho de peso corporal, associado ? hiperglicemia. N?o houve altera??es nos n?veis s?ricos das citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias interleucina-1? (IL-1?), fator de necrose tumoral (TNF) ou interferon-? (IFN?). Os animais T1D, de ambos os sexos, apresentaram um comprometimento na regenera??o ?ssea, como demonstrado pelas an?lises histol?gicas e de micro-CT. A suplementa??o com vitamina D3 reestabeleceu a regenera??o ?ssea em f?meas e machos T1D, apresentando valores pr?ximos aos encontrados nos animais do grupo controle. A terapia com insulina melhorou a remodela??o ?ssea nas f?meas e machos T1D; por?m, os efeitos foram mais pronunciados nos machos. A avalia??o da atividade osteocl?stica n?o revelou diferen?as significativas entre os grupos experimentais, ap?s a indu??o de T1D, em machos ou f?meas. Os resultados do PCR em tempo real para runx2 e osterix (dois fatores de transcri??o relacionados aos osteoblastos), no tecido ?sseo, n?o demonstraram nenhuma diferen?a significativa, exceto por um aumento nos n?veis de RNAm dos dois fatores nos camundongos machos T1D, que receberam suplementa??o com vitamina 10 D3. Por outro lado, f?meas T1D que receberam vitamina D3 apresentaram um aumento na express?o dos n?veis de RNAm para o fator de crescimento semelhante ? insulina do tipo 1 (IGF-1), quando comparado com os machos que tiveram o mesmo tratamento, sugerindo assim, diferen?as relacionadas ao sexo. Al?m das an?lises j? mencionadas anteriormente, na parte II da tese, par?metros comportamentais e n?veis s?ricos de c?lcio e fosfatase alcalina tamb?m foram analisados. Os resultados da segunda parte do trabalho demonstraram que os animais submetidos a OVX tiveram um aumento do peso corporal, com atrofia uterina. Em contrapartida, quando foi induzido T1D, houve uma diminui??o do peso corporal mais acentuada no grupo OVX que no grupo falso-operado. Os animais falso-operados e OVX T1D apresentaram hiperglicemia, confirmando o desenvolvimento do diabetes. Os n?veis s?ricos de fosfatase alcalina foram divergentes entre os grupos n?o-diab?ticos OVX e OVX T1D. N?o houve varia??es dos n?veis de c?lcio. Os animais falso-operados T1D, n?o diab?ticos OVX e OVX T1D apresentaram preju?zos similares na regenera??o ?ssea, como observado pelas an?lises histol?gicas e imagens de micro-CT. A reposi??o com estradiol melhorou a cicatriza??o ?ssea nos animais n?o-diab?ticos OVX e OVX T1D. Houve uma tend?ncia ao aumento nos n?veis de RNAm de IGF-1 no grupo OVX, o que n?o foi observado quando da associa??o de T1D e menopausa. N?o foram observadas diferen?as na atividade locomotora dos animais com T1D e/ou OVX, a n?o ser por uma diminui??o no n?mero de rearings no grupo falso-operado T1D, independente do tratamento com vitamina D3, insulina e estradiol, de forma isolada ou em associa??o.

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Juríček, Jakub. "Analýza klasifikačních metod". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403169.

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This work deals with the classification methods used in the knowledge discovery from data process and discusses the possibilities of their validation and comparison. Through experiments, the work focuses on the analysis of four selected methods: Naive Bayes classificator, decision tree, neural network and SVM. Factors influencing basic characteristics such as training speed, classification speed, accuracy are examined. A part of the thesis is a desktop application, which is a tool for training, testing and validation of individual methods. Eleven reference data sets are selected for experimental purposes. At the end of this work experimental results of comparison and observed characteristics of classification methods are summarized.

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32

Varga, Adam. "Identifikace a charakterizace škodlivého chování v grafech chování". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442388.

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Za posledné roky je zaznamenaný nárast prác zahrňujúcich komplexnú detekciu malvéru. Pre potreby zachytenia správania je často vhodné pouziť formát grafov. To je prípad antivírusového programu Avast, ktorého behaviorálny štít deteguje škodlivé správanie a ukladá ich vo forme grafov. Keďže sa jedná o proprietárne riešenie a Avast antivirus pracuje s vlastnou sadou charakterizovaného správania bolo nutné navrhnúť vlastnú metódu detekcie, ktorá bude postavená nad týmito grafmi správania. Táto práca analyzuje grafy správania škodlivého softvéru zachytené behavioralnym štítom antivírusového programu Avast pre proces hlbšej detekcie škodlivého softvéru. Detekcia škodlivého správania sa začína analýzou a abstrakciou vzorcov z grafu správania. Izolované vzory môžu efektívnejšie identifikovať dynamicky sa meniaci malware. Grafy správania sú uložené v databáze grafov Neo4j a každý deň sú zachytené tisíce z nich. Cieľom tejto práce bolo navrhnúť algoritmus na identifikáciu správania škodlivého softvéru s dôrazom na rýchlosť skenovania a jasnosť identifikovaných vzorcov správania. Identifikácia škodlivého správania spočíva v nájdení najdôležitejších vlastností natrénovaných klasifikátorov a následnej extrakcie podgrafu pozostávajúceho iba z týchto dôležitých vlastností uzlov a vzťahov medzi nimi. Následne je navrhnuté pravidlo pre hodnotenie extrahovaného podgrafu. Diplomová práca prebehla v spolupráci so spoločnosťou Avast Software s.r.o.

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Elen, Botros El Malek. "Sade: la menzogna del linguaggio e la quête della trasparenza". Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1186326.

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Per esaminare l’influenza che gli eventi biografici possono aver avuto su un’opera marcata dalle intime pulsioni del suo autore, com’è nel caso di Sade, si è fatto ricorso sia a nozioni psicoanalitiche tecniche, sia a modelli biografici e di analisi testuale tributari della psicoanalisi. L’incarcerazione degli anni 1777-1790 è stata esaminata attraverso le missive private del periodo: in esse è emersa la problematica costituita dalla falsità del linguaggio altrui, e delineante un’impossibilità comunicativo-relazionale. Quest’ultima, d’altronde, già si era profilata negli anni infantili di Sade con la traumatica separazione dalla madre. Risultato dei due cruciali eventi biografici sarebbe (secondo un neologismo sadiano) l’“isolisme”, ovvero il rifiuto della comunicazione e della relazione con l’Altro. Tale rifiuto troverebbe espressione nell’opera nella negazione dei sentimenti altruisti, nel concomitante erotismo crudele e disumano perpetrato specie sulla figura femminile, e nell’impossibilità di conoscere appieno la “natura umana”. L’opera sarebbe allora la riarticolazione in simboli coscienti di quanto di sé e dell’altro, della dimensione erotica e comunicativo-relazione sfugge tendenzialmente alla coscienza e comprensione dell’autore. In tal senso, si può cogliere un’evoluzione dalla prima all’ultima delle opere prese in esame – Dialogue entre un prêtre et un moribond, Les 120 Journées de Sodome, Les Infortunes de la vertu, Histoire de Juliette: evoluzione che va nel senso di un allentamento dell’“isolisme”, di un’elevazione della donna da vittima a carnefice e di una maggiore conoscenza dell’essere umano. Concluderemmo allora che l’uomo Sade ha strutturato se stesso nell’opera, e viceversa che l’opera ha dato una nuova strutturazione all’esistenza di Sade. In order to examine the influence that biographical events may have had on a work marked by the intimate drives of its author, as is the case with Sade, technical psychoanalytic notions, biographical models and textual analysis tributary to psychoanalysis have been used. The imprisonment of the years 1777-1790 was examined through the private missives of the period: in them emerged the problem constituted by the falsity of the language of others, and delineating a communicative-relational impossibility. The latter, on the other hand, had already emerged in Sade's childhood years with the traumatic separation from his mother. The result of the two crucial biographical events would be (according to a Sadian neologism) the "isolisme", that is the refusal of communication and relationship with the other. This refusal would find expression in the work in the denial of altruistic feelings, in the concomitant cruel and inhuman eroticism perpetrated especially on the female figure, and in the impossibility of fully knowing "human nature". The work would then be the rearticulation into conscious symbols of what, in the erotic and communicative-relationship dimensions, tends to escape the author's consciousness and understanding. In this sense, we can see an evolution from the first to the last of the works examined - Dialogue entre un prêtre et un moribond, Les 120 Journées de Sodome, Les Infortunes de la vertu, Histoire de Juliette: an evolution that goes in the sense of a loosening of the "isolisme", an elevation of the woman from victim to tormentor and a greater knowledge of the human being. We would conclude then that the man Sade has structured himself in the work, and vice versa that the work has given a new structure to Sade's existence.

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Lu, Yi-Xue y 呂宜學. "After-Sale Service Management Information System for Machine Tool Industry". Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27444164949369106350.

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Yang, Dane-Jong y 楊典忠. "The Jobs with Due Day Scheduling in the Same Character Machine". Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39736139080567716536.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理技術研究所
85
In shop floor control, the development of scheduling function is the most important key point. The research consider the job with due day in two machine that have similar function and support each other. When we analysis the job over due day, we should know how to assign the job to another machine. If the job assign to another machine will not cause over due day, we will continue assigning the job. If the job assign to another machine causing over due day, we remove the job with the biggest process time. At last, we get the objective function according to the condition above, we get the objective function of minimizing the over due day. The result not only satisfy the shortest tardiness, but also get the following auxiliary: the shop floor smoothing, loading balance, line balance, maximum throughput rate, minimum cost, increasing profit.

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36

Heinzmann, Jochen. "Safe human-robot interaction using a visual interface". Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/146068.

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Reijers, Niels y 雷理生. "CapeVM: A Fast and Safe Virtual Machine for Resource-Constrained Internet-of-Things Devices". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2p692q.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
106
Many virtual machines have been developed targeting resource-constrained sensor nodes. While packing an impressive set of features into a very limited space, most fall short in two key aspects: performance, and a safe, sandboxed execution environment. Since most existing VMs are interpreters, a slowdown of one to two orders of magnitude is common. Given the limited resources available, verification of the bytecode is typically omitted, leaving them vulnerable to a wide range of possible attacks. In this dissertation we propose CapeVM, a sensor node virtual machine aimed at delivering both high performance and a sandboxed execution environment that guarantees malicious code cannot corrupt the VM''s internal state or perform actions not allowed by the VM. CapeVM uses Ahead-of-Time compilation to native code to improve performance and introduces a set of optimisations to eliminate most of the overhead present in previous work on sensor node AOT compilers. A safe execution environment is guaranteed by a set of run-time and translation-time checks. The more structured nature of the VM''s instruction set, compared to native code, allows the VM to perform most checks when the bytecode is translated, reducing the need for expensive run-time checks compared to native code approaches. We evaluate CapeVM using a set of 12 benchmarks with varying characteristic, including the commercial mybench{CoreMark} benchmark and real-world sensor node applications. While some overhead from using a VM and adding safety checks cannot be avoided, CapeVM''s optimisations reduce this overhead dramatically. This results in a performance 2.0x slower than unsafe native code, which is comparable to or better than existing native solutions to provide safety. Without safety checks, the overhead drops to 1.7x. Thus, CapeVM combines the desirable properties of existing work on both safety and virtual machines for sensor nodes, with significantly improved performance.

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38

Keyser, Karin. "The concurrent validity of learning potential and psychomotor performance compared to safe working behaviour of machine operations in a platinum mine". Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6118.

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The researcher selected a quantitative cross-sectional design to test the concurrent validity of learning potential and psychomotor ability by evaluating the relationships between mining machine operators’ learning potential and psychomotor ability as well as their work safety behaviour. Work safety behaviour was considered indicative of their capability to operate a moving machine. The utilization of measuring instruments capable of measuring their learning potential and psychomotor ability and measuring safety behaviour by means of their safety score cards provided the required measurement data. The study involved a quantitative investigation into the relationship between learning potential and psychomotor ability as independent variables and safety behaviour as dependent variable. De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Delport (2002, p.79) defined quantitative research as “based on positivism, which takes scientific explanation to be nomothetic. Its main aims are to measure the social world objectively, to test hypotheses and to predict and explain human behaviour. A quantitative study may therefore be defined as an inquiry into social or human problems based on testing a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers and analysed with statistical procedures in order to determine whether the predictive generalization of the theory holds true.” The aim of the study was to determine the learning potential and psychomotor ability of mining machine operators as well as compare the following sub-groups (based on the biographical variables): age, years’ experience, educational level and gender. The respondents’ work safety behaviour was measured and the relationship between the two measures of the independent variables (learning potential and psychomotor ability) and work safety behaviour determined.
Industrial & Organisational Psychology
(M.Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology))

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39

Keyser, Karin. "The concurrent validity of learning potential and psychomotor performance compared to safe working behavior of machine operators in a platinum mine". Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/6118.

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The researcher selected a quantitative cross-sectional design to test the concurrent validity of learning potential and psychomotor ability by evaluating the relationships between mining machine operators’ learning potential and psychomotor ability as well as their work safety behaviour. Work safety behaviour was considered indicative of their capability to operate a moving machine. The utilization of measuring instruments capable of measuring their learning potential and psychomotor ability and measuring safety behaviour by means of their safety score cards provided the required measurement data. The study involved a quantitative investigation into the relationship between learning potential and psychomotor ability as independent variables and safety behaviour as dependent variable. De Vos, Strydom, Fouche and Delport (2002, p.79) defined quantitative research as “based on positivism, which takes scientific explanation to be nomothetic. Its main aims are to measure the social world objectively, to test hypotheses and to predict and explain human behaviour. A quantitative study may therefore be defined as an inquiry into social or human problems based on testing a theory composed of variables, measured with numbers and analysed with statistical procedures in order to determine whether the predictive generalization of the theory holds true.” The aim of the study was to determine the learning potential and psychomotor ability of mining machine operators as well as compare the following sub-groups (based on the biographical variables): age, years’ experience, educational level and gender. The respondents’ work safety behaviour was measured and the relationship between the two measures of the independent variables (learning potential and psychomotor ability) and work safety behaviour determined.
Industrial and Organisational Psychology
M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

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40

Yang, Wen-Chung y 楊文忠. "Discussion on the Optimum Design of Safety Interlock of Machine Set Using Intrinsically Safe Strategy - Taking a TFT-LCD plant as an Example". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30011108125346114289.

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碩士
國立交通大學
工學院碩士在職專班產業安全與防災組
99
LCD production equipments are featured by large scale, high speed, and automation. As larger and more complex equipments continue to become available, there are various hazard sources that may cause serious damages. Analysis on serious casualties occurred in the TFT-LCD industry and the occupational injury types of a photoelectric plant indicated that, mechanical injury is the primary cause. The main reason is insufficient safety protections, such as failure of intrinsic safety on the mechanical equipment and safety interlock, followed by improper operation. However, it is inevitable for machines to encounter malfunctioning and for personnel to make mistakes. Hence, this study applied intrinsically safe strengthening, substitution, attenuation, limitation of effects, simplification, avoidance of domino effect, foolproof design, clear status, tolerance, easy to control, and software. These strategies were combined with the optimum design of safety interlock, in the forms of electromagnetic type, tongue type, diversification of power sources, and safe optical grating. There fore, once personnel enter into the danger zone of energy operation space, the energy operation will stop, and the personnel are guaranteed to be out of the danger zone once the energy operation restarts. Meanwhile, a case study was conducted to verify the protection safety. To ensure the operators’ safety, comprehensive trainings could be provided for newly-hired and in-service staffs on the operating safety and hazard recognition of the equipments. Moreover, a reward and penalty system could be implemented to reinforce the staffs’ understanding of the machinery hazards and the safety standards. The code for practice against different operating hazards needs to be established to ensure the operators to operate in accordance with the standard procedures in order to prevent the unacceptable risk of production interruption caused by occupational hazards.

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41

Díaz, Herrera Juan Camilo. "Conversational AI Assistant Using Artificial Neural Networks: Implementation of a contextual chatbot framework in a Point-of-Sale system". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/127803.

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Internship Report presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Data Science and Advanced Analytics, specialization in Business Analytics
Artificial intelligence is changing the way how businesses are affronting their day-to-day difficulties. Chatbots are the perfect demonstration of how simple tasks and queries such as customer support or sales metrics and reporting could be solved without human intervention. This project introduced a task-oriented chatbot framework for Spanish language in a Point-Of-Sale webpage. We applied Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques such as NER and evaluated two supervised learning methods: (i) an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and (ii) a Support Vector Machines (SVM) model to create a contextualized chatbot that classifies the user’s intention in a text conversation, allowing bidirectional human-to-machine communication. These intents could go from simple chitchatting to detailed reports, always providing a natural flow in conversation. The results using an augmented and balanced corpus suggested that ANN model performed statistically better than SVM. Additionally, a real-word scenario with a small-talk survey made to five users gave positive feedback about the quality of predictions. Finally, a software architecture using a PaaS computing service and an API framework was proposed to implement this dialog system in further works.

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42

Nunes, Florbela dos Santos. "Previsão de número de dias de internamento em doentes diabéticos - Uma abordagem de Machine Learning". Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/131161.

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Nunes, Florbela dos Santos. "Previsão de número de dias de internamento em doentes diabéticos - Uma abordagem de Machine Learning". Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/131161.

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Belinha, Solange Maria Teixeira. "Congenital Heart Disease Detection Using Clinical Data and Auscultation Heart Sounds: a Machine Learning Approach". Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/139714.

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Introdução: A doença cardíaca congénita (DCC) é a malformação congénita mais comum no mundo, com incidência e prevalência crescentes. Está associada a maior morbilidade e mortalidade, relacionadas com o diagnóstico tardio. Apesar da disponibilidade de protocolos de rastreio, aproximadamente 75% das DCC não são detetadas ao nascimento. A auscultação cardíaca pode detetar a presença de um sopro. Contudo, apenas 1% de todos os sopros estão associados a DCC. Além disso, estudos mostram um declínio nas capacidades auscultatórias dos médicos. Estudos anteriores nesta área focaram-se na classificação de sons cardíacos em normais ou anormais e utilizaram coeficientes cepstrais nas frequências de Mel (MFCC) extraídos de sons cardíacos. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é criar e avaliar modelos para a deteção de DCC utilizando dados clínicos e características dos sons, que seriam extraídos usando quer MFCC convencionais, quer MFCC selecionados por pesquisa de motifs usando a inovação do matrix profiling. Métodos: Neste estudo retrospetivo usámos uma base de dados colhida no contexto de um rastreio voluntário, formando uma série de conveniência. O critério de elegibilidade para rastreio foi idade inferior a 21 anos. Os critérios de exclusão para o estudo foram serem fetos, terem uma cirurgia cardíaca prévia e não terem um diagnóstico ecocardiográfico, que foi usado como referência standard. A informação clínica foi pré-processada e recodificada. Os MFCC foram extraídos das gravações de auscultação de segmentos de batimento cardíaco e de segmentos de motif identificados. Combinações diferentes dos dados foram usadas para treinar árvores de decisão (AD) e redes neuronais artificiais (RNA), e a área sob a curva (AUC) foi comparada. Posteriormente, treinámos modelos para a deteção de qualquer patologia no dataset. Resultados: Este estudo incluiu 1655 indivíduos, 459 (27.73%) com DCC e 1196 (72.27%) sem DCC. Começando pela DCC, ambos os tipos de modelos dos dados clínicos mostraram uma AUC de 0.747. Os modelos de AD e RNA dos dados clínicos e ambos os tipos de dados do som tiveram AUC de 0.713 e 0.759, respetivamente. Embora, o modelo da RNA treinada usando dados clínicos e MFCC convencionais a mostrar a maior AUC (0.762). Para qualquer patologia, os modelos de dados clínicos mostraram AUC de 0.733 para a AD e 0.789 para a RNA. Quando todos os dados do som são incluídos, AUC cai para ambos (0.676 e 0.784, respetivamente). Novamente, o melhor modelo foi a RNA treinada com dados clínicos e MFCC convencionais (0.791). Conclusão: Esperávamos que os dados do som melhorassem a performance dos modelos. Contudo, os resultados parecem indicar que estes produzem apenas uma ligeira melhoria. Adicionalmente, a inclusão dos MFCC extraídos de motifs parecem piorar a performance do modelo. Mais investigação é necessária para melhor selecionar as características extraídas dos sons e otimizá-los para patologias específicas. Isto tem o potencial de se tornar uma ferramenta de rastreio para DCC, que seria útil para médicos dos cuidados de saúde primários.
Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation in the world, with increasing incidence and prevalence. It is associated with high morbidity and mortality, related to late diagnosis. Despite the availability of a screening protocols, approximately 75% of CHD is not detected at birth. Cardiac auscultation can detect the presence of a murmur. However, only 1% of all murmurs are associated with CHD. Moreover, studies show a decline in the auscultation skills of doctors, which highlights the need for screening tools. Previous studies in this area focused on classifying heart sounds as normal or abnormal and used Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) extracted from heart sounds. Objective: The aim of this study is to create and evaluate models for the detection of CHD using clinical data and sound features, which would be extracted using either conventional MFCC or MFCC selected through motif search using the innovation of matrix profiling. Methods: In this retrospective study we used a dataset collected on a volunteer screening setting, forming a convenience series. Eligibility criteria for screening was age under 21. Exclusion criteria for the study was being a fetus, having previous cardiac surgery, and having no echocardiogram result, which was used as reference standard. Clinical data was preprocessed and recoded. MFCC were extracted from the auscultation recordings from heartbeat segments and from motif segments identified. Different combinations of data were used to train decision trees (DT) and artificial neural networks (ANN), and the area under the curve (AUC) was compared. Posteriorly, we trained models for the detection of any pathology in the dataset. Results: This study included 1655 individuals, 459 (27.73%) with CHD and 1196 (72.27%) without CHD. Starting with CHD, both types of models of the clinical data showed AUC of 0.747. The DT and ANN models of clinical data and both types of sound features had AUC of 0.713 and 0.759, respectively. Although, the ANN model trained using clinical data and conventional MFCC showed the highest AUC (0.762). For any pathology, the clinical data models showed AUC of 0.733 for DT and 0.789 for ANN. When all sound features are included, AUC fall for both (0.676 and 0.784, respectively). Again, the best model was the ANN trained with clinical data and conventional MFCC (0.791). Conclusions: We expected that sound features would improve the performance of the models. However, the results seem to indicate they produce only a slight improvement. Additionally, the inclusion of MFCC extracted from motifs seems to worsen the model performance. Further research is needed to better select the sound features extracted and optimize them for specific pathologies. This has the potential of becoming a screening tool for CHD, which would be useful for primary care physicians.

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45

Matias, Igor Alexandre Almeida. "ECG based Prediction Model for Cardiac-Related Diseases using Machine Learning Techniques". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/10813.

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This dissertation presents research on the construction of predictive models for health conditions through the application of Artificial Intelligence methods. The work is thus focused on the prediction, in the short and long term, of Atrial Fibrillation conditions through the analysis of Electrocardiography exams, with the use of several techniques to reduce noise and interference, as well as their representation through spectrograms and their application in Artificial Intelligence models, specifically Deep Learning. The training and testing processes of the models made use of a publicly available database. In its two approaches, predictive algorithms were obtained with an accuracy of 96.73% for a short horizon prediction and 96.52% for long Atrial Fibrillation prediction horizon. The main objectives of this dissertation are thus the study of works already carried out in the area during the last decade, to present a new methodology of prediction of the presented condition, as well as to present and discuss its results, including suggestions for improvement for future development.
Esta dissertação descreve a construção de modelos preditivos de condições de saúde através de aplicação de métodos de Inteligência Artificial. O trabalho é assim focado na predição, a curto e longo prazo, de condições de Fibrilhação Auricular através da análise de exames de Eletrocardiografia, com a utilização de diversas técnicas de redução de ruído e de interferência, bem como a sua representação através de espectrogramas e sua aplicação em modelos de Inteligência Artificial, concretamente de Aprendizagem Profunda (Deep Learning na língua inglesa). Os processos de treino e teste dos modelos obtidos recorreram a uma base de dados publicamente disponível. Nas suas duas abordagens, foram obtidos algoritmos preditivos com uma precisão de 96.73% para uma predição de curto horizonte e 96.52% para longo horizonte de predição de Fibrilhação Auricular. Os objetivos principais da presente dissertação são assim o estudo de trabalhos já realizados na área durante a última década, apresentar uma nova metodologia de predição da condição apresentada, bem como apresentar e discutir os seus resultados, incluindo sugestões de melhoria para futuro desenvolvimento.

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46

Santos, Nabeto Ana Maria. "A Transformação Digital no Sector da Saúde". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/33074.

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O mundo enfrenta hoje desafios extraordinários, é muito importante compreender e definir a nova revolução tecnológica, pois esta está a alterar radicalmente os hábitos, comportamentos, relacionamentos e formas de trabalhar, da humanidade em geral. É certo que esta revolução poderá estar ainda no seu início, mas não temos dúvidas que o mundo passará a ser diferente de tudo o vivemos antes. O sector da Saúde é considerado um dos que será objeto de maior impacto em razão desta transformação. São múltiplos e profundos esses impactos: tecnologia em nuvem, telemedicina, inteligência artificial, Big Data, Internet das coisas (IoL), capacitação do paciente, recursos humanos, marketing e comunicação, cadeia de abastecimento hospitalar, ato médico, personalização de fármacos, etc. O objetivo desta dissertação prendeu-se com a necessidade de: i) Identificar a nova plataforma de tecnologias digitais com maior impacto na transformação digital do sector da saúde ii) conhecer os vários elos da Cadeia de Valor da Saúde onde se prefigura uma maior incidência das implicações que estão/ou irão acontecer, devido à transformação digital e iii) Analisar evidências empíricas a partir de uma melhor compreensão dos aspetos de mudança, de transformação e transição para cadeias de valor digitais na área da saúde. A realçar o facto de o desenvolvimento da presente dissertação ter coincidido com o período de emergência devido à epidemia do Covid 19, o que dificultou a realização do trabalho de campo que estava previsto. Iniciou-se este estudo com o levantamento da informação relativa à temática em estudo e as tecnologias inerentes à 4ª revolução industrial e a sua aplicação no setor da biologia e da saúde, e dedicou-se um capítulo ao estudo do setor da saúde em Portugal, no domínio público e privado, identificando para cada um os desafios e constrangimentos à transformação digital. Traça-se em capítulo próprio a visão global para a saúde digital, no domínio dos modelos, processos de cuidados de saúde e estruturas organizacionais. Inclui-se um capítulo dedicado à epidemia Covid 19, tentando mitigar o facto de não ter sido, desenvolvido o trabalho de campo, no hospital Lusíadas de Lisboa. Este estudo é incluído em capítulo próprio, no qual se analisa a informação que foi possível recolher. Aplicaram-se três hipóteses que foram todas confirmadas. A primeira, confirma que a digitalização contribui para a melhoria da eficiência das organizações hospitalares, independentemente no setor público ou privado, sendo que os hospitais privados estão já a conseguir maior eficiência através da implementação de projetos nesta área e nos hospitais públicos, há ainda que integrar algumas das aplicações em uso, infraestruturar a rede tecnológica e comunicação e ter o registo eletrónico de saúde (RSE) a funcionar para conseguir maior eficiência e eficácia. A segunda hipótese, confirma-se que a digitalização potencia melhores cuidados clínicos e maior proximidade ao paciente, nas áreas clínicas permitindo que os operadores de saúde, possam desenvolver cada vez mais a prestação de cuidados remotos, como seja as teleconsultas e as cirurgias menos invasivas. v A terceira hipótese é igualmente comprovada, tem sido muito importante o contributo das novas tecnologias digitais aos diferentes níveis: na compreensão da epidemia e dos riscos associados, na divulgação por parte das autoridades sanitárias, nacionais e internacionais, na divulgação dos procedimentos adequados e riscos associados, de higiene e comportamentos, nos pontos de situação e informação sistematizada da evolução da pandemia no mundo inteiro. Foram lançadas no mercado uma multiplicidade de plataformas digitais que se revelaram fundamentais. Algumas são analisadas e apresentados os respetivos resultados no capítulo 7 de Discussão de Resultados. Por último, retiram-se como principais conclusões, que o potencial impacto da transformação digital no desempenho das organizações do setor da saúde é elevado, diria crucial, muito embora exija uma definição estratégica, a capacitação da organização e seleção do modelo de governação, por parte do sistema nacional de saúde.

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47

Souza, Júlio Cesar Botelho de. "A machine learning-based approach to support the assessment of clinical coded data quality in the context of Diagnosis-Related Groups classification systems". Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/119675.

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Souza, Júlio Cesar Botelho de. "A machine learning-based approach to support the assessment of clinical coded data quality in the context of Diagnosis-Related Groups classification systems". Tese, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/119675.

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Tender, Manuel Luís Vila Cova. "O critério “Segurança e Saúde” como fator de escolha do método de escavação subterrânea". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/54993.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Civil
A gestão de riscos, crucial para o sucesso de uma obra subterrânea, está relacionada com o método de escavação e os condicionalismos existentes. Há vários anos que os métodos de Escavação Convencional (MEC) e de Escavação por Tuneladora (MET) competem, não existindo estudos sobre as diferenças dos níveis de segurança e saúde entre os dois, nem sobre a relevância do critério “Segurança e Saúde” na escolha do método de escavação. Para contribuir para colmatar esta lacuna, a Tese analisou o critério “Segurança e Saúde”. Primeiro, foi estudado o seu posicionamento relativamente aos restantes, no processo de escolha de método. Depois, os acidentes de trabalho e doenças profissionais mais comuns em subterrâneo com ambos os métodos foram tipificados. Numa terceira fase, passou-se para a avaliação de riscos e fatores ocupacionais, composta pela respetiva identificação, a avaliação e a hierarquização. Assim, foi realizada uma avaliação comparativa de riscos e fatores ocupacionais considerando três cenários distintos, de modo a perceber o impacto das diversas variáveis. O primeiro cenário apresentava a construção de um túnel de 3,5km de comprimento, em ambiente não urbano, e em maciço rochoso são e sem influência de água. Posteriormente, foram introduzidos condicionalismos (maciço rochoso heterogéneo, presença de água, e ambiente urbano), que representam variáveis à solução inicial. Finalmente, foram exploradas as medidas minimizadoras dos riscos e fatores ocupacionais, com o objetivo de avaliar a sua influência no decréscimo dos mesmos, para cada método de escavação. Adicionalmente, foi preparada uma proposta de documento legislativo, para colmatar a omissão legislativa existente relativamente ao tema em estudo. O resultado final da Tese é, portanto, um processo completo de análise da influência do critério “Segurança e Saúde” nas suas várias vertentes, consumando-se num instrumento que permite aos intervenientes conhecer as particularidades de cada método relativamente a este critério específico.
Risk management is of particular importance for the success of tunnelling and it is closely linked to the excavation method to be used and the work's specificities. The Conventional Excavation Method (CEM) and the Tunnel Boring Machine excavation method (TBM) have been competing for years, and the technical and scientific community has stated before that there are no studies analysing the differences between both methods with regard to health and safety levels. This means that there are no current studies on the importance of the “Health and Safety” criterion when selecting the excavation method. This Thesis intends to contribute to filling this gap. In order to do so, the criterion “Health and Safety” has been analysed. On a first stage, the position of this criterion relative to the other criteria in the process of selecting the excavation method has been studied. On a second stage, the most typical accidents at work and occupational diseases in underground works (with both of the excavation methods) have been typified. On a third stage, risk and occupacional factors assessment, involving the identification, assessment and ranking of those, has been tackled. This way, a comparative assessment of risks and occupational factors has been carried out, comparing CEM and TBM. Three different scenarios were considered in order to fully understand the impact of the different variables. The first scenario analysed was the construction of a tunnel 3.5 km long, in a non-urban environment, and in a healthy rock mass without influence of water. Subsequently, constraints were introduced (such as heterogeneous rock mass, presence of water, and urban environment), which represent variables to the initial solution. In a third phase, the risk minimization measures were explored, with the goal of assessing their influence on the decrease of risks, for each excavation method. In addition, a legislative proposal was prepared, to fill the existing legislative gap with respect to the subject under study. The end result of the Thesis, therefore, is a full process to analyse the influence of the “Health and Safety” criterion in its several sides. It presents as an instrument that will allow all those involved to know the specificities of each method regarding this specific criterion.

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Fonseca, Maria Inês Ferreira. "Diagnosis and Prognosis of Aircraft Systems State". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92097.

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Resumen

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Informática apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
With the evolution of technology there is a need to improve the world, taking advantage of it. And the aviation industry is no exception. As time went by, the need arose to extend the useful life of a system or component, through an analysis based on its health state (CBM). With the implementation of this type of methodologies it is also possible to predict when it will fail, calculating the life left until this event. This is one of the approaches that needs to be improved, once the timely detection of this type of anomalies allows airlines to save money, as well as an adequate maintenance management by the teams responsible for them.In order to respond to these needs, the literature explains some approaches made in this regard, highlighting the PHM methodologies. Through these, an analysis is made of the behavior of the sensors, thus reflecting the health status of the respective systems, as well as the corresponding degradation, making it possible to predict the occurrence of a failure. In this way, most of the approaches found analyze the data of the sensors present in the system, through the application of Machine Learning algorithms, Kalman Filters, among others, which allow observing their behavior showing a possible degradation of the system.The work done throughout this investigation resulted in the adoption of two different approaches, benefiting from the data for the two phases of this work. For the diagnostic phase, a methodology based on supervised Machine Learning algorithms was developed and, for the prognosis phase, a method was developed based on the interpretation of the behavior of the sensor signals.Both approaches were applied, as proof of concept, for the systems Air Bleed and CACTCS that belong to Boeing 747 and Boeing 787, respectively. Despite they belong to different aircraft, the purpose of them is equivalent - extract the air from the outside of the airplane and take it to the places where it is needed.The obtained results, for these systems, are promising. Regardless exist some differences between the systems, they, in general, predict with some security the health of the systems and the occurrence of a failure. This way, these results could have a huge impact because they permit to extend the life of a system, helping the schedule in the maintenance team. However, these results need to be validated by the airline companies involved in the ReMAP project.
Com a evolução da tecnologia existe uma necessidade de melhorar o mundo, tirando partido dela. E a indústria aeronáutica não é exceção. Com o evoluir dos tempos, surgiu a necessidade de estender o tempo de vida útil de um sistema ou componente, através de uma análise baseada no estado de saúde da mesma (CBM). Com a implementação deste tipo de metodologias é possível também prever quando é que o mesmo irá falhar, calculando o tempo de vida restante até este acontecimento. Esta é uma das abordagens que é necessário melhorar, uma vez que a deteção atempada deste tipo de anomalias permite poupar dinheiro às companhias aéreas, bem como uma gestão adequada de manutenções por parte das equipas responsáveis pelas mesmas.Com o intuito de dar resposta a estas necessidades, a literatura explica algumas abordagens feitas nesse sentido, destacando-se as metodologias PHM. Através destas é feita uma análise ao comportamento dos sensores refletindo, assim, o estado de saúde dos respetivos sistemas, bem como a correspondente degradação, possibilitando a previsão da ocorrência de uma falha. Deste modo, a maioria das abordagens encontradas analisam os dados dos sensores presentes no sistema, através da aplicação de algoritmos de Machine Learning, Filtros de Kalman, entre outros, que permitem observar o seu comportamento evidenciando uma possível degradação do sistema.O trabalho realizado ao longo desta investigação resultou na adoção de duas abordagens distintas, beneficiando dos dados para as duas fases deste trabalho. Para a fase de diagnóstico, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia baseada em algoritmos de Machine Learning supervisionados e, para a fase de prognóstico, foi desenvolvido um método baseado na interpretação do comportamento dos sinais dos sensoresAmbas as abordagens foram aplicadas, como prova de conceito, nos sistemas Air Bleed e CACTCS, que pertencem ao Boeing 747 e ao Boeing 787, respetivamente. Apesar de os sistemas fazerem parte de aviões diferentes, o objetivo de ambos é o mesmo - extrair o ar do exterior e conduzi-lo adequadamente até aos locais onde ele é necessário.Os resultados obtidos para estes sistemas são promissores. Apesar de existirem algumas diferenças entre os sistemas, em geral, é prevista com alguma segurança o estado de saúde dos mesmos e a respetiva ocorrências de falhas. Deste modo, estes resultados poderão ter um enorme impacto, pois através da antecipação de possíveis falhas, poderão ser evitados acidentes ou despesas avultadas para resolver os problemas, permitindo prever o estado dos componentes e dos sistemas de forma a promover processos eficazes de manutenção. No entanto, estes resultados necessitam de ser validados pelas companhias aéreas envolvidas no projeto ReMAP.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Machese de Sade"

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