Bibliografías temáticas / M-PTC

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "M-PTC"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "M-PTC"

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Canaud, Guillaume, Craig R. Brooks, Seiji Kishi, Kensei Taguchi, Kenji Nishimura, Sato Magassa, Adam Scott et al. "Cyclin G1 and TASCC regulate kidney epithelial cell G2-M arrest and fibrotic maladaptive repair". Science Translational Medicine 11, n.º 476 (23 de enero de 2019): eaav4754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aav4754.

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Fibrosis contributes to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Severe acute kidney injury can lead to CKD through proximal tubular cell (PTC) cycle arrest in the G2-M phase, with secretion of profibrotic factors. Here, we show that epithelial cells in the G2-M phase form target of rapamycin (TOR)–autophagy spatial coupling compartments (TASCCs), which promote profibrotic secretion similar to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Cyclin G1 (CG1), an atypical cyclin, promoted G2-M arrest in PTCs and up-regulated TASCC formation. PTC TASCC formation was also present in humans with CKD. Prevention of TASCC formation in cultured PTCs blocked secretion of profibrotic factors. PTC-specific knockout of a key TASCC component reduced the rate of kidney fibrosis progression in mice with CKD. CG1 induction and TASCC formation also occur in liver fibrosis. Deletion of CG1 reduced G2-M phase cells and TASCC formation in vivo. This study provides mechanistic evidence supporting how profibrotic G2-M arrest is induced in kidney injury and how G2-M–arrested PTCs promote fibrosis, identifying new therapeutic targets to mitigate kidney fibrosis.
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Marotta, Gianluca, Paola Sansoni, Franco Francini, David Jafrancesco, Maurizio De Lucia y Daniela Fontani. "Structured Light Profilometry on m-PTC". Energies 13, n.º 21 (29 de octubre de 2020): 5671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215671.

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In concentrating solar systems, it is essential to study the optical losses of the collectors. A fundamental parameter is the intercept factor, namely, the fraction of sunrays reflected by the concentrator that reaches the receiver. Optical profilometry studies the relationship between the collector profile and the intercept factor, which influences the collection efficiency. Profilometric analyses were performed on a micro-parabolic trough collector (m-PTC), with reduced sizes and greater mirror curvature than a usual PTC. The proposed technique projects a luminous pattern (structured light) both on the collector with an opaque covering and on a flat reference plane. Measurement set-up and calibration technique were developed for m-PTC. A program coded in Python analyzed the images and reconstructs the mirror profile. The tilted reference plane was reconstructed using an original geometric model and a calibration procedure. The focal length of each parabolic section was calculated, providing information on surface defects in the mirror. An important parameter obtained was the displacement of the focus of the parabola with respect to the ideal position. Using this value, the intercept factor was estimated to be 0.89. The proposed technique was validated by comparing the results with an independent profilometric study applied to the same m-PTC.
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Lee, Olivia W., Danielle M. Karyadi, Chip Stewart, Tetiana I. Bogdanova, Jieqiong Dai, Stephen W. Hartley, Sara J. Schonfeld et al. "Abstract 980: Genomic characterization of lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma following the Chernobyl accident reveals an expression profile specific to metastatic process". Cancer Research 82, n.º 12_Supplement (15 de junio de 2022): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-980.

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Abstract Following the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion in Ukraine in 1986, increased childhood exposure to radioactive iodine (131I), which occurred primarily through contaminated food sources, has been consistently associated with increased risk of developing papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Increased frequency of cervical lymph node metastases (LNM) is well recognized in pediatric PTC, including pediatric cases following the Chernobyl accident. We recently leveraged the collection of fresh-frozen tumor tissues from the Chernobyl Tissue Bank to conduct a genomic landscape analysis of 440 cases of PTC that provided new insights into radiation-related molecular characteristics of PTC occurring after the accident (Morton et al., Science 2021). Here, we extend that study to conduct a genomic landscape analysis of LNMs for a subset of 48 PTC cases to investigate the specific genomic alterations occurring in LNM. The analysis set comprised 144 samples, including fresh-frozen treatment-naïve primary and LNM PTC tumor samples as well as matched normal tissue or blood. Overall, the mutational load was highly concordant between primary and metastatic PTC. On average, 50% of somatic single nucleotide variants and 97% structural variants were shared between primary and metastatic PTCs. In contrast, the burden of somatic copy number alterations (SCNA) between primary tumor and LNM pairs was less concordant, particularly for copy number gains, whereas most of the copy number loss was found to be shared between matched pairs. PTC is usually driven by one driver mutation, most often involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. All driver mutations were shared between primary and metastatic PTC and were clonal; thus, no additional driver mutations were detected in metastatic PTC. Notably, however, the matched pairs in this study disproportionately had fusion drivers (77%), whereas only 23% of the drivers were BRAF V600E and none were RAS mutations. Transcriptome analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in metastatic PTC compared to primary PTC; three-quarters of the DEGs were overexpressed in metastatic PTC. Half of the LNM overexpressed DEGs were members of the HOXC family, which has been linked with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer progression. There was also reduced expression in LNM for the DLX family, which relates to TGF-beta signaling. Our findings did not reveal a relationship between radiation dose and expression profiles in the LNM, comparable to our findings for the primary PTCs. We still observe that the efficiency of the radiation-induced PTC is paramount and subsequent events are directly related to the drivers in the MAPK pathway. For the cervical LNMs, we observed expression profiles not observed in the primary PTC that could give new insights into PTC local metastases. Citation Format: Olivia W. Lee, Danielle M. Karyadi, Chip Stewart, Tetiana I. Bogdanova, Jieqiong Dai, Stephen W. Hartley, Sara J. Schonfeld, Vidushi Kapoor, Marko Krznaric, Meredith Yeager, Amy Hutchinson, Belynda D. Hicks, Casey L. Dagnall, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, Jay Bowen, Mitchell J. Machiela, Elizabeth K. Cahoon, Kiyohiko Mabuchi, Vladimir Drozdovitch, Sergii Masiuk, Mykola Chepurny, Liudmyla Y. Zurnadzhy, Amy Berrington de González, Gad Getz, Gerry A. Thomas, Mykola D. Tronko, Lindsay M. Morton, Stephen J. Chanock. Genomic characterization of lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma following the Chernobyl accident reveals an expression profile specific to metastatic process [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 980.
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Pan, Yujia, Weikang Yun, Bingshuai Shi, Rongjun Cui, Chi Liu, Zhong Ding, Jialin Fan et al. "Downregulation of miR-146b-5p via iodine involvement repressed papillary thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 65, n.º 2 (agosto de 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/jme-19-0198.

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miR-146b-5p is overexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is thought to be a related diagnostic marker. Previous studies have indicated the effects of iodine on oncogenic activation. However, the effect of iodine on the proliferation of PTC cells and the associated underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We found that miR-146b-5p was downregulated and smad4 was upregulated in patients exposed to high iodine concentration by in situ hybridisation (ISH) and immunohistochemical (IHC). NaI (10−3 M) treatment downregulated miR-146b-5p and upregulated Smad4 in PTC cell lines. Luciferase assay was used to confirm that Smad4 is a target of miR-146b-5p. Furthermore, MTT assay and cell cycle analysis indicated that 10−3 M NaI suppressed cell proliferation and caused G0/G1 phase arrest. Real-time PCR and Western blotting demonstrated that 10−3 M NaI increased p21, p27, and p57 levels and reduced cyclin D1 levels in PTC cells. Our findings suggest that 10−3 M NaI increases Smad4 levels through repression of miR-146b-5p expression, curbing the proliferation in PTC.
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Teo, Aik-Chuan, Garry Wei-Han Tan, Keng-Boon Ooi, Teck-Soon Hew y King-Tak Yew. "The effects of convenience and speed in m-payment". Industrial Management & Data Systems 115, n.º 2 (9 de marzo de 2015): 311–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-08-2014-0231.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to uncover the effects of perceived transaction convenience (PTC) and perceived transaction speed (PTS) on unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) in the context of m-payment. Design/methodology/approach – A predictive analysis approach was used to examine the PTC and PTS using a two-stage partial least square (PLS) and neural network (NN) analyses. Findings – The findings reveal that only effort expectancy (EE) and facilitating conditions (FC) were discovered to significantly influence BI. More importantly, PTC was found to have positive significant relationship with EE and performance expectancy (PE). Moreover, PTS also supported the positive relationship with BI and EE. Practical implications – The findings of the study provided further insights to mobile payment service providers, online banking industry players, and all decision makers and stakeholders involved. Originality/value – Despite of many attempts devoted to understand m-payment adoption, the effects of PTC and PTS on m-payment are not well understood.
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Pinto, António E., Giovani L. Silva, Rui Henrique, Francisco D. Menezes, Manuel R. Teixeira, Valeriano Leite y Branca M. Cavaco. "Familial vs sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma: a matched-case comparative study showing similar clinical/prognostic behaviour". European Journal of Endocrinology 170, n.º 2 (febrero de 2014): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-13-0865.

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ObjectiveFamilial non-medullary thyroid cancer has been proposed as an aggressive clinical entity. Our aim in this study is to investigate potential distinguishing features as well as the biological and clinical aggressiveness of familial vs sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We assessed clinicopathological characteristics, outcome measures and DNA ploidy.DesignA matched-case comparative study.MethodsA series of patients with familial PTC (n=107) and two subgroups, one with three or more affected elements (n=32) and another including index cases only (n=61), were compared with patients with sporadic PTC (n=107), matched by age, gender, pTNM disease extension and approximate follow-up duration. Histological variant, extrathyroidal extension, vascular invasion, tumour multifocality and bilateral growth were evaluated. Ploidy pattern was analysed in available samples by DNA flow cytometry. The probabilities of disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated according to the Kaplan–Meier (K–M) method.ResultsNo patient with familial PTC died of disease during follow-up (median, 72 months), contrarily to five patients (4.7%) (P=0.06) with sporadic PTC (median, 90 months). There was a significantly higher tumour multifocality in familial PTC (index cases subgroup) vs sporadic PTC (P=0.035), and a trend, in the familial PTC cohort with three or more affected elements, to show extrathyroidal extension (P=0.054) more frequently. No difference was observed in DNA ploidy status. The K–M analyses showed no significant differences between both entities in relation to DFS or OS.ConclusionApart from multifocality, familial PTC appears to have similar clinical/prognostic behaviour when compared with sporadic forms of the disease.
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Mizuno, Ju, Satoshi Mohri, Takeshi Yokoyama, Mikiya Otsuji, Hideko Arita y Kazuo Hanaoka. "Temperature-dependent inotropic and lusitropic indices based on half-logistic time constants for four segmental phases in isovolumic left ventricular pressure–time curve in excised, cross-circulated canine heart". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 95, n.º 2 (febrero de 2017): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2015-0196.

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Varying temperature affects cardiac systolic and diastolic function and the left ventricular (LV) pressure–time curve (PTC) waveform that includes information about LV inotropism and lusitropism. Our proposed half-logistic (h-L) time constants obtained by fitting using h-L functions for four segmental phases (Phases I–IV) in the isovolumic LV PTC are more useful indices for estimating LV inotropism and lusitropism during contraction and relaxation periods than the mono-exponential (m-E) time constants at normal temperature. In this study, we investigated whether the superiority of the goodness of h-L fits remained even at hypothermia and hyperthermia. Phases I–IV in the isovolumic LV PTCs in eight excised, cross-circulated canine hearts at 33, 36, and 38 °C were analyzed using h-L and m-E functions and the least-squares method. The h-L and m-E time constants for Phases I–IV significantly shortened with increasing temperature. Curve fitting using h-L functions was significantly better than that using m-E functions for Phases I–IV at all temperatures. Therefore, the superiority of the goodness of h-L fit vs. m-E fit remained at all temperatures. As LV inotropic and lusitropic indices, temperature-dependent h-L time constants could be more useful than m-E time constants for Phases I–IV.
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Trofimiuk-Muldner, Malgorzata, Bartosz Domagala, Michal Koziara, Anna Skalniak y Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk. "PSAT384 Familial Non-Medullary Thyroid Cancer — Does The Number Of Alanine Residues In The FOXE1 Gene Play A Role?" Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): A848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1753.

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Abstract Familial non-medullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) constitutes about 3–9% of all thyroid cancers. One of the genes believed to predispose to non-syndromic FNMTC is FOXE1. It contains a polyalanine tract (polyAla) with a variable number (11–22) of alanine residues. This length polymorphism could lead to changes in the FOXE1-encoded protein (FOXE1 transcription factor) structure and predispose to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the length of the polyAla tract and the stage of PTC at diagnosis (according to AJCC 8th edition) in patients with FNMTC. The study included 27 patients (from twenty families) with familial PTC (at least two family members were diagnosed with the disease). The length of the polyAla tract of the FOXE1 gene was analyzed. The following numbers of polyAla variants were detected: 11-Ala – 2, 12-Ala – 1, 14-Ala – 23, 16-Ala – 28 alleles. The staging at diagnosis was compared in two groups: less than 16-Ala and at least 16-Ala. The stages of pT1a and pT1a (m) were found in 20 alleles in the less than 16-Ala group, whereas in 16 alleles of the at least 16-Ala group, pT1b-pT2(m) was the most common (p = 0.039). Lymph node metastases were found more frequently in the less than 16-Ala group than in the at least 16-Ala group but this difference was not statistically significant (10 vs. 3 respectively; p = 0.680). Conclusions The analysis of the length of the polyAla tract may be a useful diagnostic tool in predicting the course of PTC in patients with a positive family history. The research was funded by the Jagiellonian University Medical College grant No N41/DBS/000087. Presentation: Saturday, June 11, 2022 1:00 p.m. - 3:00 p.m.
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Inada, Natsumi, Hitoshi Asakawa, Taiki Kobayashi y Takeshi Fukuma. "Efficiency improvement in the cantilever photothermal excitation method using a photothermal conversion layer". Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 7 (10 de marzo de 2016): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.7.36.

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Photothermal excitation is a cantilever excitation method that enables stable and accurate operation for dynamic-mode AFM measurements. However, the low excitation efficiency of the method has often limited its application in practical studies. In this study, we propose a method for improving the photothermal excitation efficiency by coating cantilever backside surface near its fixed end with colloidal graphite as a photothermal conversion (PTC) layer. The excitation efficiency for a standard cantilever of PPP-NCHAuD with a spring constant of ≈40 N/m and a relatively stiff cantilever of AC55 with a spring constant of ≈140 N/m were improved by 6.1 times and 2.5 times, respectively, by coating with a PTC layer. We experimentally demonstrate high stability of the PTC layer in liquid by AFM imaging of a mica surface with atomic resolution in phosphate buffer saline solution for more than 2 h without any indication of possible contamination from the coating. The proposed method, using a PTC layer made of colloidal graphite, greatly enhances photothermal excitation efficiency even for a relatively stiff cantilever in liquid.
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Wang, Jingyuan, Yixiang Li, Yanmei Yang, Yongqiang Li, Mingwen Zhao, Weifeng Li, Jing Guan y Yuanyuan Qu. "Efficient Helium Separation with Two-Dimensional Metal–Organic Framework Fe/Ni-PTC: A Theoretical Study". Membranes 11, n.º 12 (26 de noviembre de 2021): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11120927.

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Helium (He) is one of the indispensable and rare strategic materials for national defense and high-tech industries. However, daunting challenges have to be overcome for the supply shortage of He resources. Benefitted from the wide pore size distribution, sufficient intrinsic porosity, and high specific surface area, metal–organic framework (MOF) materials are prospective candidates for He purification in the membrane-based separation technology. In this work, through first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we studied the permeability and filtration performance of He by the newly synthesized two-dimensional Fe-PTC MOF and its analogue Ni-PTC MOF. We found that both Fe-PTC and Ni-PTC have superior high performance for He separation. The selectivity of He over N2 was calculated to be ~1017 for Fe-PTC and ~1015 for Ni-PTC, respectively, both higher than most of the previously proposed 2D porous membranes. Meanwhile, high He permeance (10−4~10−3 mol s−1 m−2 Pa−1) can be obtained for the Fe/Ni-PTC MOF for temperatures ranging from 200 to 500 K. Therefore, the present study offers a highly prospective membrane for He separation, which has great potential in industrial application.
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Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "M-PTC"

1

Pelletier, Michel. "Étude du complexe IIAB[exposant]M[exposant]a[exposant]n du système de transport PTS, mannose chez Streptococcus salivarius". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36314.pdf.

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Manthey, Andreas [Verfasser], M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Brauckhoff, T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Weber y J. C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Rückert. "Der prädiktive Wert der intraoperativen PTH-Messung für die frühpostoperative Hypokalzämie nach Schilddrüsenoperationen / Andreas Manthey. Betreuer: M. Brauckhoff ; T. Weber ; J.-C. Rückert". Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1025134311/34.

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Zheng, Qingshu. "Understanding metallophilic interactions". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33237.

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Metallophilic (metal-metal) interactions are weak interactions between closed-shell (d10, s2) or pseudo-closed-shell (d8) metal cations. This type of interaction is generally believed to be responsible for various intriguing structures, luminescence, catalysis and magnetism. To gain a better understanding of metallophilic interactions, both experimental and computational investigations have been carried out in this thesis. Chapter 1 gave an up-to-date literature review on the definition, significance, and methods of estimating metallophilic interactions. The disputed nature and strength of metallophilic interactions encouraged us to further understand them. Chapter 2 focused on aurophilic interactions between AuI cations. Aurophilic interactions were observed in the solid state, but not well expressed in solution. Further experimental and computational results suggested that the strength of aurophilic interactions were weaker than electrostatic interactions. The nature of aurophilic interactions arose from orbital interactions rather than dispersion. Chapter 3 presented the study of metallophilic interactions between group 10 metal centres, including PtII-PtII, PdII-PdII and NiII-NiII. A series of cyclometalated square-planar metal complexes with different metals or substituents were prepared. PtII-PtII interactions were found to be stronger than PdII-PdII and NiII-NiII interactions. The dimerization constants of the Pt-containing complexes increased in line with increasing electron-withdrawing ability. Chapter 4 investigated the solvent-induced and thermally dependent colour changes of the Pt-containing complexes synthesised in chapter 3. Metallophilic interactions were proposed to be important in influencing the luminescence properties.
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Faber, Alexander Josef [Verfasser], Bruno W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Neu, Roland M. [Gutachter] Schmid y Bruno W. [Gutachter] Neu. "Perkutane transhepatische Cholangiodrainage (PTCD): Ein Vergleich zwischen der konventionell fluoroskopischen und sonographisch gesteuerten PTCD-Neuanlage : Eine retrospektive Studie über 8 Jahre mit 195 Patienten / Alexander Josef Faber ; Gutachter: Roland M. Schmid, Bruno W. Neu ; Betreuer: Bruno W. Neu". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1185637702/34.

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梁景雄 y King-hung Daniel Leung. "Investigation of metal-metal bonding interactions of initially excitedstate associated with d * p transitions in Pt2(P2O5H2)44-, M2(dcpm)2(M=Au,Ag,Cu) and M2(dmpm)3 (M=Au,Cu) (dcpm=bis(dicyclohexylphosphine)methane) inorganic complexes". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240525.

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Leung, King-hung Daniel. "Investigation of metal-metal bonding interactions of initially excited state associated with d * p transitions in Pt2(P2O5H2)44-, M2(dcpm)2 (M=Au, Ag, Cu) and M2(dmpm)3 (M=Au, Cu) (dcpm= bis(dicyclohexylphosphine)methane) inorganic complexes /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21490272.

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Prusakova, Valentina. "The Design, Syntheses, and Photophysics of Novel Pt(II) Polypyridyl Arylacetylides and Arylthiolates". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1354731350.

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Manduchová, Ivana. "Studium produktů chemických reakcí v prebiotických atmosférách". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376856.

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The diploma thesis is focused on the study of chemical reaction products in prebiotic atmospheres. The theoretical part deals with the main theories of composing the atmosphere of the early Earth, hypotheses of the origin of life and genetic code in the form of RNA, the atmosphere of the moon Titan and the basic characteristics of the gliding arc discharge, and the analytical techniques used in the diploma thesis. In the experimental part, study of products was carried out by experimental atmospheric simulations in a special stainless steel reactor in various mixtures of gases N2, CH4, CO2 and O2. The electrical discharge for atmospheric simulation was generated by an electrode configuration for the gliding arc discharge and glow discharge. Detection and identification of chemical reaction products was performed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID), Testo 350 M/XL and Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS). A theoretical kinetic model was created to predict and confirm the detected products. During the experiments, the dependence of the product intensity on changes in the composition of the gaseous mixture and the applied value of the electric current was also observed.
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Pedrosa, Anne Michelle Garrido. "Desenvolvimento de catalisadores bifuncionais de ?xido de zirc?nio modificado por ?xidos de tungst?nio e molibd?nio contendo platina para a rea??o de isomeriza??o de n-parafinas". Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17802.

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Bifunctional catalysts based on zircon oxide modified by tungsten (W = 10, 15 and 20 %) and by molybdenum oxide (Mo= 10, 15 e 20 %) containg platinum (Pt = 1%) were prepared by the polymeric precursor method. For comparison, catalysts the tungsten base was also prepared by the impregnation method. After calcinations at 600, 700 and 800 ?C, the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. The profile of metals reduction was determined by temperature programmed reduction. The synthesized catalysts were tested in n-heptane isomerization. X-ray diffractogram of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts revealed the presence of tetragonal ZrO2 and platinum metallic phases in all calcined samples. Diffraction peaks due WO3 and ZrO2 monoclinic also were observed in some samples of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts. In the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts also were observed diffraction peaks due ZrO2 monoclinic and Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. These phases contained on Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied in accordance with the W or Mo loading and in accordance with the calcination temperature. The infrared spectra showed absorption bands due O-W-O and W=O bonds in the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts and due O-Mo-O, Mo=O and Mo-O bonds in the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts. Specific surface area for Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 30-160 m2 g-1 and for the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 10-120 m2 g-1. The metals loading (W or Mo) and the calcination temperature influence directly in the specific surface area of the samples. The reduction profile of Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts showed two peaks at lower temperatures, which are attributed to platinum reduction. The reduction of WOx species was evidenced by two reduction peak at high temperatures. In the case of Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts, the reduction profile showed three reduction events, which are attributed to reduction of MoOx species deposited on the support and in some samples one of the peak is related to the reduction of Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts were active in the n-heptane isomerization with high selectivity to 3-methyl-hexane, 2,3- dimethyl-pentane, 2-methyl-hexane among other branched hydrocarbons. The Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts practically didn't present activity for the n-heptane isomerization, generating mainly products originating from the catalytic cracking
Catalisadores bifuncionais a base de ?xido de zirc?nio modificado por ?xidos de tungst?nio (W = 10, 15 e 20 %) ou molibd?nio (Mo= 10, 15 e 20 %) contendo platina (Pt = 1 %) foram preparados pelo m?todo dos precursores polim?ricos. Por compara??o, catalisadores a base de tungst?nio tamb?m foram preparados pelo m?todo de impregna??o. Ap?s calcina??es a 600, 700 e 800 ?C, os catalisadores foram caracterizados por difra??o de raios-X, espectroscopia de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho, an?lise termogravim?trica, an?lise t?rmica diferencial, adsor??o de nitrog?nio e microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Os perfis de redu??o dos metais foram determinados por redu??o a temperatura programada. Os catalisadores sintetizados foram testados na isomeriza??o do n-heptano. Os difratogramas de raios-X dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 revelaram a presen?a do ZrO2 tetragonal e da platina met?lica em todas as amostras calcinadas. Picos de difra??o referentes ao WO3 e ao ZrO2 monocl?nico tamb?m foram observados em algumas das amostras dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2. Nos catalisadores do tipo Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 tamb?m foram observados picos de difra??o referente ao ZrO2 monocl?nico e ao ?xido Zr(MoO4)2. O aparecimento destas outras fases contidas nos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 variaram de acordo com o teor de W ou Mo e de acordo com a temperatura de calcina??o. Os espectros de absor??o na regi?o do infravermelho exibiram bandas de absor??o referentes as liga??es O-W-O e W=O nos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e referentes as liga??es O-Mo-O, Mo=O e Mo-O nos catalisadores Pt/MoOx-ZrO2. A ?rea superficial espec?fica dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 variou de 30-160 m2 g-1 e para os catalisadores do tipo Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 variou de 10-120 m2 g-1. O teor de metais (W ou Mo) e a temperatura de calcina??o exercem uma influ?ncia direta no valor da ?rea superficial espec?fica das amostras. Os perfis de redu??o dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 exibiram dois picos a baixas temperaturas, os quais s?o atribu?dos a redu??o da platina. A redu??o das esp?cies WOx foi evidenciada por dois picos de redu??o a altas temperaturas. No caso dos catalisadores Pt/MoOx-ZrO2, os perfis de redu??o mostram tr?s eventos de redu??o, os quais s?o atribu?dos a redu??o das esp?cies MoOx depositadas no suporte e em algumas amostras um dos picos ? relacionado com a redu??o do ?xido Zr(MoO4)2. Os catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 foram ativos para a isomeriza??o do n-heptano com alta seletividade a 3-metil-hexano, 2,3-dimetil-pentano e 2-metil-hexano entre outros hidrocarbonetos ramificados. Os catalisadores Pt/MoOx- ZrO2 praticamente n?o apresentaram atividade para a isomeriza??o do n-heptano, gerando principalmente produtos oriundos do craqueamento catalitico
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Souza, Anne Michelle Garrido Pedrosa. "Desenvolvimento de catalisadores bifuncionais de óxido de zircônio modificado por óxidos de tungstênio e molibdênio contendo platina para a reação de isomerização de n-parafinas". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFS, 2007. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/1188.

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Catalisadores bifuncionais a base de óxido de zircônio modificado por óxidos de tungstênio (W = 10, 15 e 20 %) ou molibdênio (Mo= 10, 15 e 20 %) contendo platina (Pt = 1 %) foram preparados pelo método dos precursores poliméricos. Por comparação, catalisadores a base de tungstênio também foram preparados pelo método de impregnação. Após calcinações a 600, 700 e 800 ºC, os catalisadores foram caracterizados por difração de raios-X, espectroscopia de absorção na região do infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica, análise térmica diferencial, adsorção de nitrogênio e microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os perfis de redução dos metais foram determinados por redução a temperatura programada. Os catalisadores sintetizados foram testados na isomerização do n-heptano. Os difratogramas de raios-X dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 revelaram a presença do ZrO2 tetragonal e da platina metálica em todas as amostras calcinadas. Picos de difração referentes ao WO3 e ao ZrO2 monoclínico também foram observados em algumas das amostras dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2. Nos catalisadores do tipo Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 também foram observados picos de difração referente ao ZrO2 monoclínico e ao óxido Zr(MoO4)2. O aparecimento destas outras fases contidas nos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e Pt/MoOx- ZrO2 variaram de acordo com o teor de W ou Mo e de acordo com a temperatura de calcinação. Os espectros de absorção na região do infravermelho exibiram bandas de absorção referentes as ligações O-W-O e W=O nos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 e referentes as ligações O-Mo-O, Mo=O e Mo-O nos catalisadores Pt/MoOx-ZrO2. A área superficial específica dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 variou de 30-160 m2 g-1 e para os catalisadores do tipo Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 variou de 10-120 m2 g-1. O teor de metais (W ou Mo) e a temperatura de calcinação exercem uma influência direta no valor da área superficial específica das amostras. Os perfis de redução dos catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 exibiram dois picos a baixas temperaturas, os quais são atribuídos a redução da platina. A redução das espécies WOx foi evidenciada por dois picos de redução a altas temperaturas. No caso dos catalisadores Pt/MoOx-ZrO2, os perfis de redução mostram três eventos de redução, os quais são atribuídos a redução das espécies MoOx depositadas no suporte e em algumas amostras um dos picos é relacionado com a redução do óxido Zr(MoO4)2. Os catalisadores Pt/WOx-ZrO2 foram ativos para a isomerização do n-heptano com alta seletividade a 3-metil-hexano, 2,3-dimetil-pentano e 2-metil-hexano entre outros hidrocarbonetos ramificados. Os catalisadores Pt/MoOx- ZrO2 praticamente não apresentaram atividade para a isomerização do n-heptano, gerando principalmente produtos oriundos do craqueamento catalitico. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Bifunctional catalysts based on zircon oxide modified by tungsten (W = 10, 15 and 20 %) and by molybdenum oxide (Mo= 10, 15 e 20 %) containg platinum (Pt = 1%) were prepared by the polymeric precursor method. For comparison, catalysts the tungsten base was also prepared by the impregnation method. After calcinations at 600, 700 and 800 ºC, the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. The profile of metals reduction was determined by temperature programmed reduction. The synthesized catalysts were tested in n-heptane isomerization. X-ray diffractogram of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts revealed the presence of tetragonal ZrO2 and platinum metallic phases in all calcined samples. Diffraction peaks due WO3 and ZrO2 monoclinic also were observed in some samples of the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts. In the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts also were observed diffraction peaks due ZrO2 monoclinic and Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. These phases contained on Pt/WOx-ZrO2 and Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied in accordance with the W or Mo loading and in accordance with the calcination temperature. The infrared spectra showed absorption bands due O-W-O and W=O bonds in the Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts and due O-Mo-O, Mo=O and Mo-O bonds in the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts. Specific surface area for Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 30-160 m2 g-1 and for the Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts varied from 10-120 m2 g-1. The metals loading (W or Mo) and the calcination temperature influence directly in the specific surface area of the samples. The reduction profile of Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts showed two peaks at lower temperatures, which are attributed to platinum reduction. The reduction of WOx species was evidenced by two reduction peak at high temperatures. In the case of Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts, the reduction profile showed three reduction events, which are attributed to reduction of MoOx species deposited on the support and in some samples one of the peak is related to the reduction of Zr(MoO4)2 oxide. Pt/WOx-ZrO2 catalysts were active in the n-heptane isomerization with high selectivity to 3-methyl-hexane, 2,3- dimethyl-pentane, 2-methyl-hexane among other branched hydrocarbons. The Pt/MoOx-ZrO2 catalysts practically didn't present activity for the n-heptane isomerization, generating mainly products originating from the catalytic cracking.
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Libros sobre el tema "M-PTC"

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Warwick), PTRC Summer Annual Meeting (22nd 1994 University of. Rail: Proceedings of Seminar M held at the PTRC European Transport Forum, University of Warwick, England from 12-16 September 1994. London: PTRC Education and Research Services on behalf of Planning and Transport Research and Computation International Association, 1994.

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PTRC Summer Meeting. (14th 1986 University of Sussex). Transportation planning methods: Proceedings of seminar M heldat the PTRC Summer Annual Meeting, University of Sussex, England, from 14-17 July 1986. London: PTRC Education and Research Services, 1986.

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PTRC Summer Meeting. (13th 1985 University of Sussex). Traffic operations and management: Proceedings of seminar M held at the PTRC Summer Annual Meeting, University of Sussex, England, from 15-18 July 1985. London: PTRC Education and Research Services, 1985.

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PTRC Summer Meeting. (16th 1988 University of Bath). Environmental issues: Proceedings of Seminar M held at the PTRC Transport and Planning Summer Annual Meeting, University of Bath, England, from 12-16 September 1988. (London): PTRC Education andResearch Services on behalf of Planning and Transport Research and Computation (International), 1988.

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Sussex), PTRC European Transport and Planning Summer Meeting (18th 1990 University of. Financing transport development: Proceedings of Seminar M held at the PTRC Transport and Planning Summer Annual Meeting, University of Sussex, England, from 10-14 September 1990. (London): Published by PTRC Education and ResearchServices on behalf of the Planning and Transport Research and Computation International Association, 1990.

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PTRC Summer Meeting. (15th 1987 University of Bath). Retail planning and development: Proceedings of Seminar M held at the PTRC Transport and Planning Summer Annual Meeting, University of Bath, England 7-11 September 1987. (London): PTRC Education and Research Services on behalf of Planning and Transport Research and Computation (International) Co., 1987.

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Ticket to Ride: The Essential Guide to the World's Greatest Roller Coasters and Thrill Rides. New York, New York, USA: Chartwell Books, 2019.

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NA. Thomas Calc Early& Ssm Pt1& S/M Pt2& MML Sak. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2006.

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Davis, F. A. PTA Northeast a and M. Davis Company, F. A., 2017.

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NA. Thomas Calc Early& Ssm& Sol M Pt2& Mathxl 24m. Addison Wesley Publishing Company, 2006.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "M-PTC"

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García-Álvarez, David y Javier Lara Hinojosa. "Global Thematic Land Use Cover Datasets Characterizing Vegetation Covers". En Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools, 373–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7_19.

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AbstractVegetation covers were one of the first land covers to receive special attention when thematic Land Use Cover (LUC) maps first appeared. Interest in this subject has remained strong since then because of the valuable information that these datasets provide for monitoring forests, deforestation and climate change, among other issues. A wide variety of thematic LUC datasets characterizing vegetation covers are currently available. In this chapter, we review eleven of these datasets, most of which provide long series of LUC maps, so permitting the study of LUC change. In thematic terms, most of the maps provide information on the vegetation or tree cover fraction per pixel, so characterizing the vegetation covers on Earth in great detail. A specific dataset has been found that maps mangrove distribution across the globe at 30 m for one date (1997/00). It is not included in this review because of its high specificity, which means it is only of interest to certain communities of users. Of all the products reviewed here, the World’s Forests 2000 is probably the most basic, providing information about three wooded cover categories for the year 1995/96 at a spatial resolution of 1 km. SYNMAP is a very specific thematic map designed to meet the needs of the carbon cycle and vegetation modelling community, which was produced at a spatial resolution of 1 km and with a legend of 48 categories. Among the maps providing information on the fraction of vegetation cover per pixel, the Hybrid Forest Mask 2000 (1 km) and the PTC Global Version (500 m–1 km) offer relatively coarse resolutions and few points in time: just one date in the former (2000) and two in the latter (2003, 2008). The Forests of the World 2010 is also available for just one year (2010), albeit at a more detailed spatial resolution (250 m). Various datasets provide information on the cover fraction for long periods of time at medium and high spatial resolutions. FCover provides the longest time series (1999-present) at 1 km, although since 2014 this dataset is also available at 300 m. Modis VCF also offers a long data series (2000–2019) at a spatial resolution of 250 m. MEaSUREs Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) is another thematic LUC dataset providing information on the tree cover fraction of the earth surface for a very long time period: 1982–2016. However, it is not reviewed here because of its coarse spatial resolution (around 5.6 km at the Equator). At very detailed spatial resolutions, GFCC30TC Landsat VCF (30 m) provides data on the cover fraction for four different points in time, between 2000 and 2015. It also gives information on forest change for two periods (1990–2000/2000–2005) through the associated GFCC30FCC dataset. The Hansen forest map (30 m) also provides one of the longest time series, from 2000 to 2019. Global FNF is the dataset with the highest resolution (25 m) of all those reviewed. It is available for two periods of time: 2007–2010 and 2015–2017. In thematic terms, however, this dataset is less detailed, in that it only differentiates between forest and non-forest covers. TanDEM-X Forest/Non-Forest also provides information on the forest extent at high spatial resolution (50 m). However, the map is only available for one point in time. Like Global FNF, it was also obtained from the classification of radar data.
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Eliava, Shalva, Vadim Gorozhanin, Oleg Shekhtman, Yuri Pilipenko y Olga Kuchina. "Surgical Treatment of Unruptured Brain AVMs: Short- and Long-Term Results". En Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement, 87–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63453-7_13.

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AbstractUnruptured brain AVMs (bAVMs) remain a controversial subject for practicing neurosurgeons, especially in the light of ARUBA and other observational studies. This retrospective study aims to analyze our experience with unruptured bAVMs to see whether it is beneficial in the long-term and how it corresponds to large literature trials. The study comprised 160 adult patients with unruptured bAVMs surgically treated in Burdenko NMC (Moscow) in 2009–2017. Mean age: 33.4 ± 10лет. Clinical presentations were: seizures in 99 (61.9%), chronical headaches—49 (30.6%), ischemic symptoms—4 (2.5%), asymptomatic in 8 (5%) patients. Spetzler-Martin scale: I—18 pt. (11.3%), II—71 pt. (44.4%), III—60 pt. (37.5%), IV—11 pt. (6.8%). Good outcomes (mRS = 0–2) at discharge were achieved in 149 (93.1%), satisfactory (mRS—3)—9 (5.6%). Follow-up was complete for 97 (60.6%) patients, mean—59.3 (13–108 month). Excellent outcomes (mRS = 0–1) reached in 94.8%. For epilepsy patients, Engel I outcome was found in 50 (84.8%); for chronic headaches, 43 (66.1%) patients reported improvement. Postoperative visual field defects were followed in 22 of 55 (40%), complete recovery was reported in 6 (27%) and partial recovery in 8 (36%) patients. Overall, our results support the conclusion that surgery for low-grade bAVMs (S-M I–II) is a beneficial, low-risk option.
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"Whirling Disease: Reviews and Current Topics". En Whirling Disease: Reviews and Current Topics, editado por GEORGE J. SCHISLER y ERIC P. BERGERSEN. American Fisheries Society, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569377.ch3.

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<em>ABSTRACT</em>. During 1992 and 1996, fish were inadvertently stocked into 226 waters in Colorado from hatcheries that were later identified as <em>Myxobolus cerebralis</em>-positive. Seventy-two high-elevation waters, previously classified as <em>M. cerebralis</em>-negative, were sampled to determine if stocking of fish from those hatcheries contributed to the spread of <em>M. cerebralis </em>in these locations. Pepsin-trypsin digest (PTD) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were used to test for <em>M. cerebralis </em>in 1,743 fish. A total of 190 fish and 23 separate waters were identified as <em>M. cerebralis</em>-positive, with PTD. PCR identified 410 fish and 42 waters as positive for the parasite. Logistic regression and Akaiki information criterion model selection was used to identify parameters contributing to the <em>M. cerebralis </em>establishment in these high elevation waters. Within-drainage distance to the nearest known <em>M. cerebralis</em>-positive water and relative abundance of <em>Tubifex tubifex </em>habitat were found to be more important contributors to the establishment of <em>M. cerebralis </em>than the accidental stocking events.
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Ramasamy Sivakumar, Mullaivanam y Rangasamy Shanthi. "Plasma and Hemocyanin Phenoloxidase Derived from the Hemolymph of Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)". En Crustacea - Nano, Micro and Macro Studies [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104268.

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We attempted to study the immune response in M. rosenbergii by melanization reaction produced by plasma phenoloxidase (PO) activity. The substrate affinity of the PO enzyme was determined using different phenolic substrates, and it was found that the diphenols were only oxidized. The enzyme was characterized as catechol oxidase type of PO and L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) showed the highest substrate affinity to the enzyme. The biochemical parameters that determined optimum enzyme activity were found to be 2.5 mM L-DOPA at an absorbance of 470 nm, 10 mM Tris–HCl buffer at pH 7.5, temperature at 25°C, and 15 min incubation. Kinetic characteristics of plasma were studied from the M. rosenbergii. The hemocyanin was isolated by gel filtration chromatographic technique using Sephadex G-100. The M. rosenbergii hemocyanin (MrHC) showed only one band with a molecular weight of 325 kDa on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) when stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) and bathocuproine sulfonic acid. The reduction of MrHC protein in SDS-PAGE displayed three subunits with a molecular weight of 74, 76, and 78 kDa, respectively. Determination of optimal condition for PO activity of plasma has also been attempted. The plasma optimal condition taken for the MrHC was tested for its ability to oxidize diphenols such as L-DOPA was shown only PO activity. These results showed that in the presence of PO and peroxidase inhibitors, phenylthiourea (PTU) and tropolone respectively have decreased plasma and MrHC PO activity. This indicates that hemocyanin triggers innate immunity probably through one of its subunits that function as the active moiety.
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Taber, Douglass F. "Enantioselective Construction of Arrays of Stereogenic Centers: The Breit Synthesis of (+)-Bourgeanic Acid". En Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0044.

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Kyungsoo Oh of Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis devised (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 5682) a new ligand that with Cu delivered predominantly one diastereomer of the Henry adduct 3, and with Zn delivered the other. Liu-Zhu Gong of the University of Science and Technology of China reported (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6503) the Darzens condensation of the diazoacetamide 5 with a variety of aldehydes to give the corresponding epoxy amides with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol. Michael J. Krische of the University of Texas, Austin, applied (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 3108, 3112) his asymmetric allylation to a variety of primary diols including 7, leading to the homologated product 9. M. Christina White of the University of Illinois showed (J. Am. Chem Soc. 2009, 131, 11707) that Pd-mediated oxidative amination of carbamate 10 delivered the protected 1,3-amino alcohol 11 with high diastereocontrol. James P. Morken of Boston College devised (J. Am. Chem Soc. 2009, 131, 9134) a Pt catalyst for the asymmetric bis-boration of dienes. The allyl borane prepared from 12 added with high stereocontrol to benzaldehyde, to give, after oxidation, the diol 13. Carlos F. Barba III of Scripps/La Jolla optimized (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 9848) an organocatalyst for the enantioselective conjugate addition of an alkoxy aldehyde 15 to a nitroalkene. Do Hyun Ryu of Sungkyunkwan University found (Chem. Commun. 2009, 5460) that an organocatalyst could also mediate the dipolar cycloaddition of a diazo ester 18 to an unsaturated aldehyde, giving 19 with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol. Francesco Fini and Luca Bernardi of the University of Bologna developed (J. Am. Chem Soc. 2009, 131, 9614) an organocatalyst that effected enantioselective dipolar cycloaddition of the nitrone derived from 20 to the unsaturated ester 21. Kevin Burgess of Texas A&M optimized (J. Am. Chem Soc. 2009, 131, 13236) an Ir catalyst for the enantioselective hydrogenation of trisubstituted alkenes such as 23. In the course of a synthesis of (+)-faranal, Varinder K. Aggarwal of the University of Bristol described (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 6317) a one-pot procedure for the conversion of the allyl borane 25 into 27.
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Taber, Douglass. "Best Synthetic Methods: Oxidation and Reduction". En Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0003.

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Although methods both for reduction and for oxidation are well developed, there is always room for improvement. While ketones are usually reduced using metal hydrides, hydrogen gas is much less expensive on scale. Charles P. Casey of the University of Wisconsin has devised (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 5816) an Fe-based catalyst that effects the transformation of 1 to 2. Note that the usually very reactive monosubstituted alkene is not reduced and does not migrate. Takeshi Oriyama of Ibaraki University has developed a catalyst, also Fe-based (Chemistry Lett. 2007, 38) for reducing aldehydes to ethers. Using this approach, an alcohol such as 3 can be converted into a variety of substituted benzyl ethers, including 5. Simple aliphatic aldehydes and alcohols also work well. Oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes or ketones is one of the most common of organic transformations. Several new processes catalytic in metal have been put forward. Tharmalingam Punniyamurthy of the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati has found (Adv. Synth. Cat. 2007, 349, 846) that catalytic V(IV) oxide on silica gel, stirred with t-butyl hydroperoxide in t-butyl alcohol at room temperature smoothly oxidized 6 to 7. After the reaction, the catalyst was separated by filtration. Another carbonyl can also serve as the hydride acceptor, but then the transfer can be reversible. Jonathan M. J. Williams of the University of Bath has shown (Tetrahedron Lett. 2007, 48, 3639) that with a Ru catalyst, methyl levulinate 9 could serve as the hydride acceptor, with the byproduct alcohol being drained off as the lactone 11. Hansjörg Grützmacher of the ETH Zürich developed an Ir catalyst (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007, 46, 3567) with benzoquinone as the net oxidant. that showed marked preference for the oxidation of primary over secondary alcohols. Yasuhiro Uozumi of the Institute for Molecular Science, Aichi, has devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed . 2007, 46, 704) a nanoencapsulated Pt catalyst that worked well with O2 or even with air. The catalyst was easily separated from the product, and maintained its activity over several cycles.
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"Thin undulating membrane PCaycch lo yrm an eaducs ry a p , to Pth is y , l lo L m ito e ri dau , sNay , ctimystes, Scinax. Thick undulating membrane Cyclorana No undulating membrane APcsre is u , dcCry is c , lorana P m se aundyias , Hyla, Plectrohyla",. En Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Anura, 184. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482280074-10.

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Taber, Douglass F. "Heteroaromatic Construction: The Sperry Synthesis of (+)-Terreusinone". En Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0066.

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Akio Saito and Yuji Hanzawa of Showa Pharmaceutical University found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 52, 4658) that an alkynyl keto ester 1 could be oxidatively cyclized to the furan 2. Eric M. Ferreira of Colorado State University showed (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 5924) that depending on the conditions, a Pt catalyst could cyclize 3 to either 4 or 5. Shunsuke Chiba of Nanyang Technological University used (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 13942) Cu catalysis for the oxidation of 6 to the pyrrole 7. Vladimir Gevorgyan of the University of Illinois at Chicago devised (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 3746) a convergent assembly of the pyrrole 10 from the alkyne 8 and the alkyne 9. Dale L. Boger of Scripps La Jolla extended (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 12285) the scope of the Diels-Alder addition of the triazine 11 to an alkyne 12 to give the pyridine 13. Tomislav Rovis, also of Colorado State University, used (Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 11846) a Rh catalyst to add an alkyne 15 to the oxime 14 to give the pyridine 16. Sensuke Ogoshi of Osaka University, under Ni catalysis, added (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 18018) a nitrile 18 to the diene 17 to give the pyridine 19. Alexander Deiters of North Carolina State University showed (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 4352) that the complex tethered diyne 20 combined with 21 with high regiocontrol to give 22. Yong-Min Liang of Lanzhou University prepared (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 8329) the indole 24 by cyclizing the alkyne 23. Xiuxiang Qi and Kang Zhao of Tianjin University found (J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 8690) that the enamine 25 could be oxidatively cyclized to the indole 26. Kazuhiro Yoshida and Akira Yanagisawa of Chiba University established (Org. Lett. 2011, 13, 4762) that ring-closing metathesis converted the keto ester 27 to the indole 28. Alessandro Palmieri and Roberto Ballini of the Università di Camerino observed (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 1425) that the pyrrole 30 spontaneously added to the nitro acrylate 29 to give an adduct that cyclized to 31 on exposure to acid.
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"m. or masc. (masculinum): masculine m.m. (mutatis mutandis): with the necessary changing being made MS (manuscriptus): manuscript MSS (manuscripta): manuscripts n. (natus): born N.B. or n.b. (nota bene): note well non obs. (non obstante): notwithstanding non seq. (non sequitur): it does not follow o.c. (opere citato): in the work cited op. cit. (opere citato): in the work cited pass. (passim): throughout pct. (per centum): by the hundred per cent. or p.c. (per centum): by the hundred pl. (pluralis): plural PPS (post postscriptum): an additional postscript PS (postscriptum): a postscript ptc. (participium): a participle q.e. (quod est): which is qq.v. (quæ vide): (pl.) which see q.v. (quod vide): (sing.) which see sc. (scilicet): that is to say, namely sec. (secundum): according to seq. (sequens): (sing.) the following seq. (sequitur): it follows seqq. (sequentia): (pl.) the following (things) sg. or sing. (singularis): singular sup. (supra): above t. or temp. (tempore): in the time of u.s. (ubi supra): where (mentioned) above ut inf. or ut i. (ut infra): as stated or shown below ut sup. or u.s. (ut supra): as stated or shown above v. or vs. (versus): against v. (vide): see v.i. (vide infra): see below viz. (videlicet): namely v.s. (vide supra): see above V.V. or v.v. (vice versa): conversely". En The Routledge Dictionary of Latin Quotations, 354. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203498972-17.

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"n ar eegattaikveenco to rr e im la p ti loynsa , p th hy essieca ‘ ltelliencko nnectio key va between ntphaet te lo rn ca s l ’ w (1 a9s7o2n ). tFhoellpoowiinntgosfoemmeeirngc in on gcilsusc iv oentw ai onrekdbiynoLtahm er bsm Gl aapnstzrioeatblael . a1n9d9t1h ) e . widely distributed one (e.g., see (e.g., by Berlage and DeBoer 1960), Professor Jacob pressure f an pdr ec wiapsi ta atiW on a , l ke te r m produced teleconnection Bjerknes at the University of California at Los modes of interannual blcel im to a te idve perature, and surface Angeles made the key step forward by demonstrating nise today, including the South anerrita if nbyi li tthyethlaatrgweestre scale that the atmospheric teleconnection patterns were North Atlantic O Oscillation and c o th g e ­ p eq a u rt atoof ri aalcPoaucp if liecdOmco ea dneaonfdinttheer ac gtlioobnalbaettmwo ee sp nhteh re e was Inaba le d d to it icoanr ry to scb illation. (Bjerknes 1966, 1969, and 1972). It is now clear that of fortunate circu omuste ing a first-rate scientist, Walker other parts of the global ocean also participate in the the art of statistics htaahn is work because of a confluence Southern Oscillation, manifested through changes in matical tool of the ob d se cdeesv . e F lo ir pset, shortly beforehand, sea surface temperature and the overlying atmos­ also a very ab rvational dscriaepnicdelsy . aWsaalkm er atwhaes ­ phe B ri ycctih rc e u la la ti toen. 1970s and early 1980s, climate o st fat ti hse ti cIsnd (W ian alM ker le1 99 m7a ) t . h H em av aitn ic giatn ak ewn ho understood scientists were able to document the relationships gained the oppo ertteuonrio ty lo tgoicc al Departme th netijnob19o0f3h , e h ad ehRyap sm ot uhsesso is neda nd byCaB rp je ernktneers 19 in 8 2, mwoh re odd is e c ta uisls ed (e . tgh . e , m re aqtuhierm ed ata ic a la l rg oepesrta aff capab alreryoofupteh rf is orsm tu idniges, m w an h u ic ahlT So hue th ceorunplO ed sco il cleaa ti n o -n a / tEmlosNpihneoreasvaaricao ti uopnlecdenstyrsetdemo ) n . 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Th y 1989) attempted to improve the usefulness of tele d ­ taitmtehemomsitdodf le thoefetah rl eec tw or ernetliae ti tohncsesnttruernyg , th beuntebdyag th a a in tcdooncnuemce ti notn patterns y work ha ing regions foorfstehaesognlaolbcelitm ha att , eipnreaddidcittiioonnb to y fille Adc in ru c w ia alspaap rt hyosfictahleepxipcltaunrdebteheantfro em rg aoitn ten atio ed . to be a m ls e o re lhyadshroew la itn io gnssh ta itp is stiw ca ilthEN EN SO SO -p rtehca ip t it w at eiroenhliignhklsy , t te hleecSoonuntehcetrinonOp sc aitltleartn io s. n A ju rsetvaisewaonfk fo nrow th leedogbesaeb rv oeudticdoennstiisftieendttfhreom se aespoin so sdaend to reegpiiosn od seo . f T th h e ey g p lo a b rt eicw ul haerr ly physical explanation precipitation was associated with ENSO in at least 75 e". En Droughts, 56. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315830896-39.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "M-PTC"

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Franich, Andjela, Ivana Vasić, Snežana Rajković, Aleksandar Arsenijević, Marija Milovanović, Nebojša Arsenijević, Jelena Milovanović y Marija Živković. "CYTOTOXICITY OF CATIONIC DINUCLEAR PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF MOUSE COLON CANCER". En 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.293f.

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The series of nine dinuclear platinum(II) complexes, [{Pt(L)Cl}2(μ-X)]2+ (where L is two NH3 or bidentantly coordinated diamine ligand – ethylenediamine, en; (±)-1,2-propylenediamine, 1,2-pn; isobutylenediamine, ibn; trans-(±)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, dach; 1,3-propylenediamine, 1,3-pd; 2,2- dimethyl-1,3-propylenediamine, 2,2-diMe-1,3-pd; (±)-1,3-pentanediamine,1,3-pnd, and X is a bridging pyrazine (pz) or pyridazine (pydz) ligand) have been synthesized and characterized. The antitumor potential of these complexes against CT26 cells were determined by in vitro and in vivo assays. A murine model of heterotopic colon cancer tumor was induced in immunocompetent BALB/c mice for investigating antitumor potential of the Pt(II) complexes in vivo. It was found that complexes Pt1, Pt2 and Pt7 shows significant in vitro cytotoxic activity against mouse colon carcinoma CT26 cells, while all these complexes show moderate apoptotic effect. Complexes Pt1 and Pt7 arrested CT26 cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle, while complexes Pt5 and Pt6 exerted the highest antiproliferative effect which was evaluated by detection of Ki67 expressing cells. Complexes Pt1 and Pt2 performed significant in vivo antitumor effects reducing the growth of primary tumor and the incidence of lung and liver metastases without causing the significant hepato- and nephro- toxicity.
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2

Park, Hongrae, Michael M. Bernitsas y Che-Chun Chang. "Map of Passive Turbulence Control to Flow-Induced Motions for a Circular Cylinder at 30,000". En ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10123.

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Passive turbulence control (PTC) in the form of two straight roughness strips with variable width, and thickness about equal to the boundary layer thickness, is used to modify the flow-induced motions (FIM) of a rigid circular cylinder. The cylinder is supported by two end-springs and the flow is in the TrSL3, high-lift, regime. The PTC-to-FIM Map, developed in previous work, revealed zones of weak suppression, strong suppression, hard galloping, and soft galloping. In this paper the sensitivity of the PTC-to-FIM Map to: (a) the width of PTC covering, (b) PTC covering a single or multiple zones, (c) PTC being straight or staggered is studied experimentally. Experiments are conducted in the Low Turbulence Free Surface Water Channel of the University of Michigan. Fixed parameters are: cylinder diameter D = 8.89cm, m* = 1.725, spring stiffness K = 763N/m, aspect ratio l/D = 10.29, and damping ratio ζ = 0.019. Variable parameters are: circumferential PTC location αPTC ∈ [0°−180°], Reynolds number Re ∈ [30,000–120,000], flow velocity U ∈ [0.36m/s–1.45m/s]. Measured quantities are: amplitude ratio A/D, frequency ratio fosc/fn,w, and synchronization range. As long as the roughness distribution is limited to remain within a zone, the width of the strips does not affect the FIM response. When multiple zones are covered, the strong suppression zone dominates the FIM.
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Kim, Eun Soo, Michael M. Bernitsas y R. Ajith Kumar. "Multi-Cylinder Flow-Induced Motions: Enhancement by Passive Turbulence Control at 28,000". En ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49405.

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The VIVACE (Vortex Induced Vibration for Aquatic Clean Energy) Converter was introduced at OMAE2006 as a single, smooth, circular-cylinder module. The hydrodynamics of VIVACE is being improved continuously to achieve higher density in harnessed hydrokinetic power. Inter-cylinder spacing and Passive Turbulence Control (PTC) through selectively located roughness are effective tools in enhancement of Flow Induced Motions (FIMs) under high damping for power harnessing. VIVACE Converters consist of multi-cylinder modules. Single cylinders harness energy at high density even in 1knot currents. For downstream cylinders questions are raised on energy availability and sustainability of high-amplitude FIM. Through PTC and inter-cylinder spacing, strongly synergetic FIM of 2/3/4 cylinders is achieved, harnessing hydrokinetic energy with increased footprint density. Two-cylinder smooth/PTC and four-cylinder PTC systems are tested experimentally. Using the “PTC-to-FIM” map developed in previous work at the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory (MRELab), PTC is applied and cylinder response is measured for the following parameter ranges: In-flow center-to-center distance 1.63•D–5.00•D (D = diameter), transverse center-to-center distance 0.5•D–1.5•,D, Re ∈[28,000–120,000], m* ∈[1.677–1.690], U ∈[0.36m/s–1.45m/s], aspect ratio l/D = 10.29, and m*ζ ∈[0.0283–0.0346]. All experiments are conducted in the Low Turbulence Free Surface Water (LTFSW) Channel of MRELab. Amplitude spectra and broad filed-of-view (FOV) visualization help reveal complex flow structures and cylinder interference undergoing VIV, interference/proximity/wake/soft/hard galloping.
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Xu, Wanhai, Chunning Ji, Hai Sun, Wenjun Ding y Michael M. Bernitsas. "Flow-Induced Vibration (FIV) and Hydrokinetic Power Conversion of Two Staggered, Low Mass-Ratio Cylinders, With Passive Turbulence Control in the TrSL3 Flow Regime (2.5×104". En ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62693.

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Flow-induced vibration (FIV), primarily vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) and galloping have been used effectively to convert hydrokinetic energy to electricity in model-tests and field-tests by the Marine Renewable Energy Laboratory (MRELab) of the University of Michigan. The developed device, called VIVACE (VIV for Aquatic Clean Energy), harnesses hydrokinetic energy from river and ocean flows. One of the methods used to improve its efficiency of harnessed power efficiency is Passive Turbulence Control (PTC). It is a turbulence stimulation method that has been used to alter FIV of a cylinder in a steady flow. FIV of elastically mounted cylinders with PTC differs from the oscillation of smooth cylinders in a similar configuration. Additional investigation of the FIV of two elastically mounted circular cylinders in staggered arrangement with a low mass ratio in the TrSL3 flow-regime is required and is contributed by this paper. A series of experimental studies on FIV of two PTC cylinders in staggered arrangement were carried out in the recirculating water channel of MRELab. The two cylinders were allowed to oscillate in the transverse direction to the oncoming fluid flow. Cylinders tested have, diameter D = 8.89cm, length L = 0.895m and mass ratio m* = 1.343. The Reynolds number was in the range of 2.5×104<Re<1.2×105, which is a subset of the TrSL3 flow-regime. The center-to-center longitudinal and transverse spacing distances were T/D = 2.57 and S/D = 1.0, respectively. The spring stiffness values were in the range of 400<K<1200N/m. The values of harnessing damping ratio tested were ζharness = 0.04, 0.12, 0.24. For the values tested, the experimental results indicate that the response of the 1st cylinder is similar to a single cylinder; however more complicated vibration of the 2nd cylinder is observed. In addition, the oscillation system of two cylinders with stiffer spring and higher ζharness could initiate total power harness at a larger flow velocity and harness much higher power. These findings are very meaningful and important for hydrokinetic energy conversion.
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P. Cremasco, Nicole, Renan De O. A. Takeuchi, Jorge A. Leludak y Jair Urbanetz Jr. "Análise Comparativa de Diferentes Metodologias de Cálculo de Taxa de Desempenho em Sistemas Fotovoltaicos Instalados em Ponta Grossa-PR". En Congresso Brasileiro de Automática - 2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/asba.v2i1.1579.

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Duas formas de análise da taxa de desempenho de sistemas fotovoltaicos são o cálculo convencional e a utilização de "Photovoltaic for Utility Systems Applications" (PVUSA). Portanto, este estudo aborda uma análise de quatro painéis fotovoltaicos de quatro tecnologias distintas instalados em Ponta Grossa- PR por meio destas duas metodologias. Para a realização das análises, foram coletados dados de geração, de irradiação no plano inclinado, velocidade do vento, e temperatura ambiente. Primeiramente, os dados de geração mensal e irradiação média mensal foram utilizados para o cálculo da taxa de desempenho convencional. Em um segundo momento, para a utilização da metodologia PVUSA nas condições "PVUSA Test Conditions"(PTC), os dados horários foram separados em valores de irradiação no plano inclinado superiores a 700 Wh/m² (PVUSA 700) e superiores a 800 Wh/m² (PVUSA 800). Como resultado, os valores obtidos por PVUSA 800 obtiveram menores diferenças percentuais em relação a metodologia de cálculo convencional do que os com PVUSA 700. Além disto, no caso da utilização da metodologia convencional e da PVUSA 700 a tecnologia com melhor taxa de desempenho foi telureto de cádmio (CdTe), e a tecnologia com menor taxa de desempenho em dois meses foi policristalina (p-Si).
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Ding, Wenjun, Hai Sun, Wanhai Xu y Michael M. Bernitsas. "Two Tandem Cylinders With Turbulence Stimulation in FIV Power Conversion: CFD With Experimental Verification of Interaction". En ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62271.

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Flow induced vibrations of two rough, rigid, tandem-cylinders on springs are investigated for power conversion for Reynolds number 30,000 ≤ Re ≤ 120,000. Passive turbulence control (PTC) in the form of roughness strips is employed to enhance FIV and increase the power harness efficiency of the VIVACE (Vortex Induced Vibration for Aquatic Clean Energy) converter. Numerical simulations are performed using two-dimensional, Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The center-to-center spacing ratio d / D of the two cylinders is set as 2.0 or 2.57 with mass ratio m* = 1.343 , damping ratio ζ = 0.26, and stiffness K = 1,200 N/m. Amplitude response, frequency response, interaction, energy harvesting, and conversion efficiency are presented and discussed. The main conclusions are: (1) In the VIV region at Re = 60,000, the amplitude response, frequency response, harnessed power, and power conversion efficiency of the upstream cylinder is the same for the two spacing ratios. Due to the shedding effect, the motion of the downstream cylinder for spacing ratio d/D = 2.0 is more severely suppressed than spacing ratio d/D = 2.57, which reduces the harnessed power and conversion efficiency for the downstream cylinder. (2) In the galloping region at Re = 110,000, due to the different impingement of the shed vortices on the downstream cylinder, the upstream cylinder harnesses more power and has higher energy conversion efficiency for spacing ratio d/D = 2.0 than d/D = 2.57.
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Hundseid, O̸yvind y Lars E. Bakken. "Wet Gas Performance Analysis". En ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91035.

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The growing interest in wet gas compressors calls for accurate methods for performance prediction. Present evaluation methods for compressor and pump performance fail when evaluating the compression of gases containing liquid. Gas compression performance predictions given in ASME PTC-10-97 and ISO 5318 are based on the method John M. Schultz proposed in 1962. This method assumes a polytropic compression path and is based on averaged gas properties of inlet and outlet condition. The polytropic compression path is defined by keeping pvn constant, where n is constant along the compression path. When employing the Schultz method there is a challenge in defining the polytropic constant. This is seen in cases where dry gas compressors are exposed to wet components and compressor efficiency estimates exceed 100%. Today’s computer technology makes a direct integration of the polytropic head (∫vdp) possible where actual fluid properties along the compression path are included. Phase changes along the compression path are included with this method. This enables a detailed prediction to be made of the actual volumetric flow rate for the various compressor stages. This paper reports the implementation of the direct integration procedure for wet gas performance prediction. The procedure enables generic wet gas compression to be studied which forms the foundation for performance analysis with variations in operation at conditions and fluid components and properties.
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Derviskadic, Asja, Paolo Romano y Mario Paolone. "Iterative-interpolated DFT for synchrophasor estimation in M-class compliant PMUs". En 2017 IEEE Manchester PowerTech. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ptc.2017.7980868.

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Kent, R. "CORONARY THROMBOLYSIS AND PREVENTION OF RE0CCLUSI0N WITH RECOMBINANT DOUBLECHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGENACTIVATOR". En XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643744.

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The dose response (DR) of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in patients (pts) with acutemyocardial infarction (AMI) and the efficacy of 4-6 hr maintenance infusions (M) of t-PA in preventing early reocclusion (R) have been reported in small numbers of pts. No studies have determined the efficacy of longer M in limiting short term R.In two related trials weexamined DR and long term M in a large numberof pts. We administered a uniform t-PA product [>98% double chain (DC)] to 223 pts 3.1 ±1.1 hrs after the onset of AMI.Pts received 0.25 - 0.95 megaunits (MU)/kg/90min and then underwent coronary angiography(CA):Responders were defined by TIMI grades 2 or 3. Results were In a logistic regression anaylsis the coefficient for dose was significant(p<.02). Two subsets of the above pts received M. Groups A (4l pts) and B (51 pts) had received 0.26 - 0.40 and 0.4l - 0.54 MU/kg/90 min respectively. 66% of A and 78%of B were responders, received an additional 90 minof t-PA at 1/3 the initial rate and then 1 of4 M for 9-21 hrs (mean total 17.2±4.5 hrs) at which time CA was repeated. Results for A + B were:For all pts fibrinogen decreases were mild. Bleeding was primarily related to vascular invasion and M length. We conclude that the DR for DC tPA can be accurately defined and long term M to limit .short term R are feasible. Future studies may define t-PA dosing regimens suited for specific clinical situations.
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Wang, Lan-xun y Li-bin Yang. "A modified PTS method using m sequences for PAPR reduction". En 2012 International Conference on Measurement, Information and Control (MIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mic.2012.6273419.

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Informes sobre el tema "M-PTC"

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Bercovier, Herve, Raul Barletta y Shlomo Sela. Characterization and Immunogenicity of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Secreted and Cellular Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7573078.bard.

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Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular vaccine against paratuberculosis based on protein antigen(s). A prerequisite to achieve this goal is to analyze and characterize Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (Mpt) secreted and cellular proteins eliciting a protective immune response. In the context of this general objective, we proposed to identify, clone, produce, and characterize: the Mpt 85B antigen and other Mpt immunoreactive secreted proteins, the Mpt L7/L12 ribosomal protein and other immunoreactive cellular proteins, Mpt protein determinants involved in invasion of epithelial cells, and Mpt protein antigens specifically expressed in macrophages. Paratuberculosis is still a very serious problem in Israel and in the USA. In the USA, a recent survey evaluated that 21.6% of the dairy herd were infected with Mpt resulting in 200-250 million dollars in annual losses. Very little is known on the virulence factors and on protective antigens of Mpt. At present, the only means of controlling this disease are culling or vaccination. The current vaccines do not allow a clear differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. Our long-term goal is to develop an efficient acellular paratuberculosis vaccine based on Mpt protein antigen(s) compatible with diagnostic tests. To achieve this goal it is necessary to analyze and characterize secreted and cellular proteins candidate for such a vaccine. Representative Mpt libraries (shuttle plasmid and phage) were constructed and used to study Mpt genes and gene products described below and will be made available to other research groups. In addition, two approaches were performed which did not yield the expected results. Mav or Mpt DNA genes that confer upon Msg or E. coli the ability to invade and/or survive within HEp-2 cells were not identified. Likewise, we were unable to characterize the 34-39 kDa induced secreted proteins induced by stress factors due to technical difficulties inherent to the complexity of the media needed to support substantial M. pt growth. We identified, isolated, sequenced five Mpt proteins and expressed four of them as recombinant proteins that allowed the study of their immunological properties in sensitized mice. The AphC protein, found to be up regulated by low iron environment, and the SOD protein are both involved in protecting mycobacteria against damage and killing by reactive oxygen (Sod) and nitrogen (AhpC) intermediates, the main bactericidal mechanisms of phagocytic cells. SOD and L7/L12 ribosomal proteins are structural proteins constitutively expressed. 85B and CFP20 are both secreted proteins. SOD, L7/L12, 85B and CFP20 were shown to induce a Th1 response in immunized mice whereas AphC was shown by others to have a similar activity. These proteins did not interfere with the DTH reaction of naturally infected cows. Cellular immunity provides protection in mycobacterial infections, therefore molecules inducing cellular immunity and preferentially a Th1 pathway will be the best candidate for the development of an acellular vaccine. The proteins characterized in this grant that induce a cell-mediated immunity and seem compatible with diagnostic tests, are good candidates for the construction of a future acellular vaccine.
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