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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Lymphocytes B – Troubles du métabolisme"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Lymphocytes B – Troubles du métabolisme"
Iperi, Cristian. "Identification of B lymphocyte alterations in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren syndrome using multiomics integration approach". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2024. http://theses-scd.univ-brest.fr/2024/These-2024-SVS-Immunologie-IPERI_Cristian.pdf.
Texto completoMetabolism plays a crucial role in orchestrating and regulating immunological processes in immune cells, including B lymphocytes. This branch, called immunometabolism, studies how metabolic alterations influence immune responses and the development of autoimmune pathologies. This manuscript deals specifically with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) via an approach focusing on their metabolic alterations in B cells and their environment. The interest in these diseases lies in the well-documented mechanisms ofimmunotolerance and the role of metabolism in their maintenance and exacerbation. Using multi-omics data from transcriptomics, metabolomics, methylomics, flow cytometry and clinical data from the European PRECISESADS consortium, a multi-omics analysis of the two diseases was carried out to study their differences and similarities. This led to the development of BiomiX, a bioinformatics tool designed to democratize this type of analysis. This thesis work identified an increase in the LPAR6 receptor in B lymphocytes, associated with an increase in plasma lysophosphatidic acids (LPA) in both SLE and SjS, as well as a particular activation of nucleotide salvage pathways in SLE patients. Common nucleotide and tryptophan depletion, as well as alterations in NAD metabolism, cell adhesion and the WNT pathway, are also investigated. Theseresults pave the way for potential therapies for SLE and SjS based on restoration of cellular metabolism
Bruzzese, Laurie. "Réponses cellulaires du système adénosinergique à la dysoxie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5046.
Texto completoDysoxia (hypoxia/hyperoxia) results from an impaired balance between oxygen-supply concentration and cellular metabolism causing various disorders. Hypoxia and inflammation involve HIF-1a and NF-kB factors and are linked via the adenosinergic response. Hypoxia increase adenosine concentration and A2A receptors (A2AR) expression which induces T-lymphocyte suppression. We hypothesized that during hypoxia, inflammation influences adenosinergic immunosuppression via NF-kB. As homocysteine promotes inflammation, which is considered as a risk factor, we hypothesized that hyperomocysteinemia affects T-cell viability and adenosinergic response. Effects of hyperoxic and hyperbaric conditions on adenosinergic system remain unclear. NF-kB, HIF-1α, and A2AR expression were studied using T-cells stimulated by mitogens under hypoxic conditions (CoCl2). Adenosine, adenosine deaminase, cAMP concentration and homocysteine metabolism were analyzed. Effect of hyperoxia on the adenosinergic pathway was addressed in a rat model using pressure chambers. HIF-1α production was induced by hypoxia, A2AR expression increased following NF-kB activation that enhanced lymphocyte-suppression. Inhibition of NF-kB by H2S resulted in improved cell-viability by down-regulating A2AR-mediated-immunosuppression. Hyperhomocysteinemia increased H2S production (transsulfuration-pathway). We also found in rat that hyperoxia repressed the adenosinergic response. Manipulating blood oxygen level constitutes an effective mean to control the immune response and inflammation via the adenosinergic system. Acting on A2AR expression via H2S production may control cardiovascular-disorders with high impact on public health
Renard, Dominique. "Métabolisme des phosphoinositides : étude dans trois types cellulaires : lymphocytes B humains, hépatocytes et cœur de rat". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112117.
Texto completoCaër, Charles. "Inflammation du tissu adipeux au cours de l'obésité humaine : implication des lymphocytes Th17". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066105/document.
Texto completoA series of recent studies in humans and mouse models has led to the detection of an immune response, which involves cells of the innate immunity and adaptive immunity in obese adipose tissue (AT).We highlighted a proinflammatory crosstalk between macrophages and CD4+ T cells in obese human AT involving IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-22. Percentage of Th17 is positively correlated with HbA1c %. Moreover, the secretion of the cytokines implicated in this proinflammatory loop decreased after weight loss induced by bariatric surgery.Subsequently, we have shown that IL-1β and IL-17 induce proinflammatory transcriptional programs in three types of non-immune cells of the TA, preadipocytes, endothelial cells and adipocytes , and decrease metabolism genes in adipocytes. IL-1β effects are much more pronounced than those of IL-17. The conditioned medium of CD45+ immune cells reproduces the pro-inflammatory and catabolic responses induced by the recombinant cytokines in adipocytes, and these responses are inhibited after the neutralization of IL-17 and IL-1β.These results demonstrate a pathological involvement of IL-1β and IL-17 in the AT dysfunction induced by obesity
Maharzi, Nesrine. "Etude moléculaire des étapes précoces de la thymopoïése humaine. Caractérisation fonctionnelle des protéines AF1q et TMEM131L". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077248.
Texto completoBetoulle, Stéphane. "Action du lindane sur l'activité sécrétrice (radicaux libres oxygénés et cytokines à activité "MAF" des cellules phagocytaires de truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) : implication du calcium intracellulaire". Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0021.
Texto completoLarrezet, Jacques. "Homocystinurie par déficience en cystathionine B synthase : à propos d'un cas clinique typique". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2M022.
Texto completoMielle, Julie. "Les lymphocytes B producteurs d'interleukine 10 chez les sujet sains et chez les patients atteints de Polyarthrite rhumatoïde ou de syndrome de Sjögren : comment fonctionnent-ils et comment optimiser leur nombre et leurs fonctions ?" Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTT048.
Texto completoRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are two debilitating autoimmune diseases. There is currently no treatment to cure patients. Although B lymphocytes are involved in the development of these pathologies, the existence of B cells capable of regulating inflammation is now widely recognized. These regulatory B cells (Bregs) are able of both inducing regulatory T cells and preventing the development of pro-inflammatory T cells. In vivo, the transfer of these Bregs is protective in many mouse models of autoimmune diseases thus suggesting that promoting these Bregs would be promising for treating patients with RA or pSS. However, there is currently no specific marker for Bregs, which largely hinders their study. Since their regulatory functions are mainly mediated by IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, Bregs can be defined by their ability to produce IL-10 after activation by bacterial compounds, including CpG. Those Bregs are called B10+ cells. However, the functions of these B10+ cells are not well defined in humans. We do not know whether IL-10 production is a sufficient marker to define Bregs.The main goal of this thesis was to define CpG-induced B10+ cell functions in healthy individuals and patients, to determine whether IL-10 production was a good marker for Bregs. We showed that CpG-induced B10+ cells were able to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs and Tr1) but did not decrease the proportion of pro-inflammatory T cells (Th1 and LT-TNFα +). In RA and pSS patients, B10+ cells induced Tregs and Tr1 but in RA patients they also induced Th1. These results shows that IL-10 production alone does not recapitulate all the Breg functions and that CpG stimulation might impact their functions.To better understand the mechanisms controlling IL-10 production by B cells, and to be able to propose other stimuli to generate them, we studied the effect of acetate, a compound produced by commensal bacteria, on B10+ cells generation. Acetate was able to induce B10+ cells in mice and humans. Besides, we studied B10+ cell metabolism. We have showed that glutamine was an essential nutrient for B10+ cell generation and for their regulatory functions. This work has made it possible to define the CpG-induced B10+ cell functions, to characterize their metabolism and to propose an alternative stimulus to generate B10+ cells
Audia, Sylvain. "Etude physiopathologique de la réponse immunitaire au cours de la thrombopénie immunologique (purpura thrombopénique immunologique)". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00687984.
Texto completoFromonot, Julien. "Implication de l'adénosine en physiopathologie cardiovasculaire". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5041.
Texto completoAdenosine (ADO) is an ubiquitous nucleoside that comes from ATP and from the methionine cycle. Via A1 receptors (A1R), it promotes atrial fibrillation (AF). Via A2A receptors (A2AR), it leads to coronary vasodilatation. Thus, adenosine is a metabolic intermediate and a neurotransmitter of the cardiovascular system.The first study showed that adenosine plasma level (APL) is correlated with homocystein (Hcy) and uric acid in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. Furthermore, APL and Hcy are correlated with the SYNTAX score which evaluate CAD severity. Finally, in cellulo, ADO induced a dose and time dependant increase of HCY production by human hepatocytes. We concluded that high APL may participate into the high HCY and uric acid levels. These data bring new highlight on the physiopathology of CAD.In the second work, APL increased significantly only in patients with positive exercise stress testing (EST). Furthermore, A2AR expression was lower in positive EST patients compared with those with negative EST. Then, we concluded that the low expression of A2AR in CAD patients with positive EST, participates in the lack of adaptive response (coronary vasodilatation) to the EST. This result suggests that low A2AR expression may be a biological marker of CAD.In the third study, patients with AF and no structural heart disease have a normal APL but an increase in A2AR expression. Because adenosine promotes AF, we concluded that high A2AR expression may participate into the triggering of AF by increasing the sensitivity to adenosine.In conclusion, drugs that modulate the purinergic system should be useful tools for the treatment of CAD or AF