Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Lymphocytes B intestinaux"
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Artamonova, Z. A. y E. V. Namokonov. "NEW LABORATORY PARAMETERS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ACUTE MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA". Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics 64, n.º 8 (7 de octubre de 2019): 490–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-8-490-492.
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Lack of clear clinical and laboratory picture of subjective evaluation of bowel viability, the progression of bowel necrosis in the postoperative period with acute mesenteric ischemia (АМI) contributes to the high mortality rate. Earlier experiments we proved that gut necrosis leads to changes in the subpopulation structure of blood lymphocytes. This prompted us to determine the clinical significance of the subpopulation structure of venous blood lymphocytes in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia. The paper is based on a retrospective analysis of the results of a controlled clinical and immunological examination of 18 patients aged 62 to 78 years (control group and a group of АМI). Evaluation lymphocyte subpopulation structure was performed by the standard method of direct immunofluorescence staining of whole blood. The obtained data were processed with nonparametric statistical methods. Study of lymphocyte subpopulation structure in patients with АМI patients showed a decrease in the absolute and relative number of CD8, CD4, B, NK cells on the indicators in the control group. Ischemia and necrosis of the intestinal mucosa accompanied by a massive translocation of intestinal microflora through the impaired intestinal barrier along with the migration of lymphocytes into the lesion and death, which is manifested in a decrease in the number of lymphocytes of the peripheral blood. Comprehensive assessment of venous blood lymphocyte subpopulation structure can be used as an additional diagnostic criterion necrotic step АМI, serve as criteria for selection of patients for immunotherapy.
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Wang, Caihong, Keely G. McDonald, Jacquelyn S. McDonough y Rodney D. Newberry. "Murine isolated lymphoid follicles contain follicular B lymphocytes with a mucosal phenotype". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 291, n.º 4 (octubre de 2006): G595—G604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00525.2005.
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Isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) are organized intestinal lymphoid structures whose formation can be induced by luminal stimuli. ILFs have been demonstrated to act as inductive sites for the generation of immune responses directed toward luminal stimuli; however, the phenotype of the immune response initiated within ILFs has largely been uninvestigated. To gain a better understanding of the immune responses initiated within ILFs, we examined phenotypic and functional aspects of the largest cellular component of the murine ILF lymphocyte population, B lymphocytes. We observed that murine ILF B lymphocytes are composed of a relatively homogenous population of follicular B-2 B lymphocytes. Consistent with their proximity to multiple stimuli, ILF B lymphocytes displayed a more activated phenotype compared with their counterparts in the spleen and Peyer's patch (PP). ILF B lymphocytes also expressed higher levels of immunomodulatory B7 and CD28 family members B7X and programmed death-1 compared with their counterparts in the spleen and PP. ILF B lymphocytes preferentially differentiate into IgA-producing plasma cells and produce more IL-4 and IL-10 and less interferon-γ compared with their counterparts in the spleen. Immunoglobulin repertoire analysis from individual ILFs demonstrated that ILFs contain a polyclonal population of B lymphocytes. These findings indicate that murine ILFs contain a polyclonal population of follicular B-2 B lymphocytes with a phenotype similar to PP B lymphocytes and that, in unchallenged animals, ILFs promote immune responses with a homeostatic phenotype.
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Manzano, Manuel, Ana Clara Abadía‐Molina, Enrique‐García Olivares, Angel Gil y Ricardo Rueda. "Dietary Nucleotides Accelerate Changes in Intestinal Lymphocyte Maturation in Weanling Mice". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 37, n.º 4 (octubre de 2003): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2003.tb12037.x.
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ABSTRACTObjectiveNucleotides, the building blocks of nucleic acids, are normal components of the mammalian diet. These molecules have been implicated in biologic processes, such as the stimulation of the immunologic response. Nucleotides have also been considered as conditionally essential nutrients for infant formulas. The authors evaluated the influence of dietary nucleotides on the expression of several surface antigens by different intestinal lymphocyte populations in weanling mice.MethodsMice at weaning were fed a semipurified diet with or without 3 g/kg of each of the following nucleotides: adenosine monophosphate, cytosine monophosphate, guanosine monophosphate, and uridine monophosphate. Animals were killed at different times (0, 4, 7, 12, and 18 days) after weaning, and lymphocytes from intestinal Peyer's patches, epithelium, and lamina propria were isolated. The expression of different antigens (CD3, CD4, CD8α, CD8β, TCRαβ, TCRγδ, CD5, CD22 and CD45R) was analyzed by flow cytometry.ResultsThe expression of these antigens changed parallel to the maturation of the lymphocytes from Peyer's patches, epithelium, and lamina propria. However, developmental changes of expression for most of the antigens occurred sooner in the animals fed the diet supplemented with nucleotides. The expression of T and B antigens was different in the lymphocyte populations analyzed and also changed according to the diet within each population. In general, nucleotides promoted the expression of B‐ and T‐helper cell antigens.ConclusionsThe authors conclude that dietary nucleotides may affect the process of maturation and differentiation of intestinal lymphocytes, which usually takes place at weaning.
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Osman, Mohammad, Janice Russell y D. Neil Granger. "Lymphocyte-derived interferon-γ mediates ischemia-reperfusion-induced leukocyte and platelet adhesion in intestinal microcirculation". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 296, n.º 3 (marzo de 2009): G659—G663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90495.2008.
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Although previous studies have implicated lymphocytes in the gut microvascular and inflammatory responses to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), the lymphocyte population and lymphocyte-derived products that mediate these responses have not been defined. Platelet and leukocyte adhesion was measured in intestinal postcapillary venules of wild-type (WT) mice and mice genetically deficient in either CD4+ T cells (CD4−/−), CD8+ T cells (CD8−/−), B cells (B cell−/−), or interferon-γ (IFN-γ−/−) subjected to 45 min of ischemia and 4 h of reperfusion. The I/R-induced platelet and leukocyte recruitment responses were also evaluated following adoptive transfer of WT splenocytes into CD4−/−, CD8−/−, B cell−/−, and IFN-γ−/− mice. WT mice exposed to gut I/R exhibited significant increases in the adhesion of both platelets and leukocytes, compared with sham-WT mice. These blood cell adhesion responses to I/R were greatly attenuated in CD4−/−, CD8−/−, B cell−/−, and IFN-γ−/− mice. Adoptive transfer of WT splenocytes restored the WT responses to I/R in all mutants except the B cell−/− mice. These findings implicate both T and B cells and lymphocyte-derived IFN-γ as mediators of the proinflammatory and prothrombogenic phenotype assumed by intestinal microvessels after I/R.
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Gannon, Mark, Steve Brooks, Martin Kalmokoff, Jayadev Raju, Brent Selinger, Douglas Inglis y Julia Green-Johnson. "Immunomodulatory effects of dietary fibre supplementation on lymphocyte populations, cytokine and immunoglobulin A production(39.16)". Journal of Immunology 182, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de abril de 2009): 39.16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.39.16.
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Abstract Gastrointestinal microflora has been shown to have a bi-directional relationship with the host immune system. A variety of fermentable carbohydrate polymers largely pass through the small intestine, providing fermentable substrates for gut microflora. Dietary fibre supplementation may provide a strategy for manipulating the intestinal bacterial profile, changing the interaction with the mucosal immune system, thereby modulating the host immune system. Over a six week trial, 30 weanling BioBreeding rats were fed either control diet alone or supplemented with oat bran or wheat bran fibre. We have shown that wheat bran fibre increases mesenteric lymph node (MLN) B lymphocyte numbers, and decreases systemic IL4 production, MLN T lymphocytes, and intestinal IgA, concurrent with increased colonic bacterial population diversity. We also observed no evidence of pro-inflammatory responses resulting from dietary fibre supplementation. This lends support to the hypothesis that dietary fibre may modulate the host immune system through modification of the gut microflora profile. The research is funded by the Advanced Foods and Materials Network
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Aattouri, Najat, Mohammed Bouras, Daniel Tome, Ascension Marcos y Daniel Lemonnier. "Oral ingestion of lactic-acid bacteria by rats increases lymphocyte proliferation and interferon-γ production". British Journal of Nutrition 87, n.º 4 (abril de 2002): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001527.
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The effect of feeding lactic-acid bacteria on indices of functions of lymphocytes obtained from Peyer's patches, peripheral blood and spleen from inbred Wistar-Furth rats were studied. Rats were fed on purified diets supplemented with 350 g milk or yoghurt/kg diet for 4 weeks. At the end of the feeding period, immune cells from the three sites were isolated and proliferation, interferon-γ production and lymphocyte subset composition were studied. Rats consuming yoghurt had a greater in vitro proliferative response to yoghurt bacteria in the three lymphoid compartments, a greater interferon-γ production in response to bacteria and concanavalin A in Peyer's patches and spleen, and a greater number of Peyer's patches B lymphocytes than milk-fed rats. Macrophage and T lymphocyte proportions and lymphocyte subset composition in the three sites were unaffected by yoghurt. These results indicate that feeding live bacteria contained in yoghurt may interact with the intestinal immune system, and influence the systemic immune system.
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Shieh, Chi-Chang, Bhanu K. Sadasivan, Gary J. Russell, Michael P. Schön, Christina M. Parker y Michael B. Brenner. "Lymphocyte Adhesion to Epithelia and Endothelia Mediated by the Lymphocyte Endothelial-Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Glycoprotein". Journal of Immunology 163, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1999): 1592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.3.1592.
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Abstract Upon encountering the relevant vascular bed, lymphocytes attach to endothelial adhesion molecules, transmigrate out of circulation, and localize within tissues. Lymphocytes may then be retained at microanatomic sites, as in tissues, or they may continue to migrate to the lymphatics and recirculate in the blood. Lymphocytes also interact transiently, but with high avidity, with target cells or APC that are infected with microbes or have taken up exogenous foreign Ags. This array of adhesive capabilities is mediated by the selective expression of lymphocyte adhesion molecules. Here, we developed the 6F10 mAb, which recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein designated lymphocyte endothelial-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (LEEP-CAM), that is distinct in biochemical characteristics and distribution of expression from other molecules known to play a role in lymphocyte adhesion. LEEP-CAM is expressed on particular epithelia, including the suprabasal region of the epidermis, the basal layer of bronchial and breast epithelia, and throughout the tonsillar and vaginal epithelia. Yet, it is absent from intestinal and renal epithelia. Interestingly, it is expressed also on vascular endothelium, especially high endothelial venules (HEV) in lymphoid organs, such as tonsil and appendix. The anti-LEEP-CAM mAb specifically blocked T and B lymphocyte adhesion to monolayers of epithelial cells and to vascular endothelial cells in static cell-to-cell binding assays by ∼40–60% when compared with control mAbs. These data suggest a role for this newly identified molecule in lymphocyte binding to endothelium, as well as adhesive interactions within selected epithelia.
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Makori, Norbert, Alice F. Tarantal, Fabien X. Lü, Tracy Rourke, Marta L. Marthas, Michael B. McChesney, Andrew G. Hendrickx y Christopher J. Miller. "Functional and Morphological Development of Lymphoid Tissues and Immune Regulatory and Effector Function in Rhesus Monkeys: Cytokine-Secreting Cells, Immunoglobulin-Secreting Cells, and CD5+ B-1 Cells Appear Early in Fetal Development". Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, n.º 1 (enero de 2003): 140–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.1.140-153.2003.
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ABSTRACT Little is known regarding the timing of immune ontogeny and effector function in fetal humans and nonhuman primates. We studied the organization of lymphocyte and antigen-presenting cell populations in developing lymphoid tissues of rhesus monkey fetuses during the second and third trimesters (65 to 145 days of gestation; term = 165 days). Immunoglobulin-secreting and cytokine-secreting cells were detected at day 80. The thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and intestinal mucosa were examined for cells expressing CD3, CD5, CD20, CD68, p55, and HLA-DR. In the spleens of 65-day-old fetuses (early second trimester), the overwhelming majority of total lymphocytes were CD5+ CD20+ B-1 cells. The remaining lymphocytes were CD3+ T cells. By day 80, splenic B and T cells were equal in number. Intraepithelial CD3+ CD5− T cells and lamina propria CD20+ CD5+ B cells were present in the intestines of 65-day-old fetuses. By day 80, numerous CD20+ CD5+ B cells were present in the jejunums and colons and early lymphocyte aggregate formation was evident. The spleens of 80- to 145-day-old fetuses contained immunoglobulin M (IgM)-secreting cells, while IgA-, IgG-, interleukin-6-, and gamma interferon-secreting cells were numerous in the spleens and colons. Thus, by the second trimester, the lymphoid tissues of the rhesus monkey fetus have a complete repertoire of properly organized antigen-presenting cells, T cells, and B cells.
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Reynolds, J. D. "Evidence of extensive lymphocyte death in sheep Peyer's patches. I. A comparison of lymphocyte production and export." Journal of Immunology 136, n.º 6 (15 de marzo de 1986): 2005–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.136.6.2005.
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Abstract The metaphase arrest technique was used to determine the rate at which cells divide in the Peyer's patches (PP) and the thymus of 5 to 8 wk old lambs. The metaphase indices of these tissues were determined by analyzing cell suspensions of tissues taken before and 1, 2, 3, and 4 hr after metaphase arrest was initiated with i.v. vincristine. The metaphase indices increased in both tissues at a linear rate, which provided an estimate of the rate at which cells entered mitosis and of the lymphocyte birth rate. The ileal PP had the highest lymphocyte birth rate, 2.8% of the lymphocytes entered mitosis each hour; the rate was lower in jejunal PP (1.0%/hr) and thymus (0.5%/hr). With these values and estimates of the lymphocyte content in all PP (1.45 X 10(11)) and in the thymus (1.71 X 10(11)), it was calculated that the hourly lymphocyte production by PP in a lamb was 3.61 X 10(9) cells, which is four to five times greater than for the thymus (0.82 X 10(9)). Lymphocyte production in PP could then be compared with the number of lymphocytes that emigrated from the small intestine. Newly produced cells leave PP via the intestinal lymph, which could be collected from the entire small intestine after removal of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Cells entered the lymph at a rate of 0.8 X 10(9)/hr, but the output fell rapidly during chronic lymphatic drainage, a procedure known to deplete long-lived recirculating cells. It was concluded that most of the cells in intestinal lymph were recirculating cells, and newly formed lymphocytes produced in PP probably account for less than 25% of the total or 0.2 X 10(9)/hr. It seems unlikely that emigration could occur at a rate comparable with the rate of production in the PP. At most, only 5% of the PP cells seemed destined to leave their site of production, and it is proposed that most die within the PP follicles. The high mortality rate associated with the production of large numbers of B lymphocytes in lamb PP seems likely to have a significant impact on the nature of the contribution that these tissues make to the immune system.
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Jaimes, María C., Olga L. Rojas, Eric J. Kunkel, Nicole H. Lazarus, Dulce Soler, Eugene C. Butcher, Dorsey Bass, Juana Angel, Manuel A. Franco y Harry B. Greenberg. "Maturation and Trafficking Markers on Rotavirus-Specific B Cells during Acute Infection and Convalescence in Children". Journal of Virology 78, n.º 20 (15 de octubre de 2004): 10967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.20.10967-10976.2004.
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ABSTRACT We have previously studied B cells, from people and mice, that express rotavirus-specific surface immunoglobulin (RV-sIg) by flow cytometry with recombinant virus-like particles that contain green fluorescent protein. In the present study we characterized circulating B cells with RV-sIg in children with acute and convalescent infection. During acute infection, circulating RV-sIgD− B cells are predominantly large, CD38high, CD27high, CD138+/−, CCR6−, α4β7+, CCR9+, CCR10+, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen-negative (CLA−), L-selectinint/−, and sIgM+, sIgG−, sIgA+/− lymphocytes. This phenotype likely corresponds to gut-targeted plasma cells and plasmablasts. During convalescence the phenotype switches to small and large lymphocytes, CD38int/−, CD27int/−, CCR6+, α4β7+/−, CCR9+/− and CCR10−, most likely representing RV-specific memory B cells with both gut and systemic trafficking profiles. Of note, during acute RV infection both total and RV-specific murine IgM and IgA antibody-secreting cells migrate efficiently to CCL28 (the CCR10 ligand) and to a lesser extent to CCL25 (the CCR9 ligand). Our results show that CCR10 and CCR9 can be expressed on IgM as well as IgA antibody-secreting cells in response to acute intestinal infection, likely helping target these cells to the gut. However, these intestinal infection-induced plasmablasts lack the CLA homing receptor for skin, consistent with mechanisms of differential CCR10 participation in skin T versus intestinal plasma cell homing. Interestingly, RV memory cells generally lack CCR9 and CCR10 and instead express CCR6, which may enable recruitment to diverse epithelial sites of inflammation.
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Zhiming, Wang, Wang Luman, Qian Tingting y Chu Yiwei. "Chemokines and receptors in intestinal B lymphocytes". Journal of Leukocyte Biology 103, n.º 5 (14 de febrero de 2018): 807–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlb.1ru0717-299rr.
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Nikipelova, Elena A. y Oleg I. Kit. "Local infiltration of lymphocytes in large bowel tissue cancer and chronic colitis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, n.º 15_suppl (20 de mayo de 2012): e21101-e21101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.e21101.
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e21101 Background: comparative analysis of concentrations of lymphocyte subpopulations in tissue of various intestinal zones in cancer of large bowel and chronic atrophic colitis. Methods: subpopulation composition of T- (CD3, CD4, CD8) and B- (CD19) lymphocytes, natural killers NK (CD16CD56), and T-lymphocytes with antigen-recognizing receptors TCRαβ and TCRγδ were examined in bowel adenocarcinoma tissue, peritumoural zone (1-3 cm away from tumour) and in resection line (10 cm away from tumour edge) and in chronic colitis tissue. Flow cytofluorimetry was used for immunophenotyping of the lymphocytes Results: 52 cases of adenocarcinoma and 24 cases of chronic colitis were examined. CD3 level in tumour tissue (64.2±3.6%) didn’t differ from this in colitis samples (65.6±3.5%); CD3 level was significantly lower in peritumoural zone and resection line (54.9±4.0% and 51.9±3.6%, correspondingly, p<0.05) than in colitis samples. The quantaty of lymphocytes with TCRαβ receptor in all tissue samples with cancer was significantly higher in comparison with one in chronic colitis samples. The level of lymphocytes with TCRαβ receptor in all tissue samples with cancer was 49.8±7.25, in peritumoural zone – 39.3±5.9%, in resection line 46.5±6.0%, compared to chronic colitis – 20.7±5.7%, p<0.05. Concentration of lymphocytes with TCRγδ receptor in cancer samples was 3-5 times less (tumour – 14.2±4.8%, peritumoural zone – 9.5±1.5%, resection line – 11.3+2.1%) than in samples colitis ones (42.9±9.9%) p<0.05. It was found that tumour tissue, in contrast to peritumoural tissue, accumulated T-lymphocytes (64.2±3.6% and 51.9±3.6%, correspondingly) due to CD4 cells (35.5±2.3% and 24.3±2.1%, correspondingly, p<0.05). Lower level of B-cells was found in tumour (18.0±2.8% and 30.1±3.7%, correspondingly, p<0.05). Conclusions: abnormalities of local cellular immunity at diseases of large bowel are probably related not only to imbalance of lymphocyte subpopulations, but also to change of local correlation of levels of αβ-T-lymphocytes capable of recirculation, and tissue γδ-T-lymphocytes. This may cause inadequacy of immune protection at cancer of large bowel.
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Mudroňová, Dagmar, Viera Karaffová, Boris Semjon, Pavel Naď, Jana Koščová, Martin Bartkovský, Andrej Makiš et al. "Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Humic Substances on Production Parameters, Immune Status and Gut Microbiota of Laying Hens". Agriculture 11, n.º 8 (6 de agosto de 2021): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11080744.
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Despite the fact that humic substances (HS) have been frequently studied in relation to their effects on livestock health, studies on their influence on egg production and quality, immunity, and intestinal microbiota of laying hens are limited. In this study, the influence of 0.5% HS supplementation on the specific production parameters of eggshell mineral quality, immune parameters (relative expression of IgA, IGF-2, MUC-2 gene in cecum; activity of phagocytes, percentage of selected lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood), and number of lactic acid bacteria and enterobacteria in the intestinal contents in laying hens was tested. The addition of 0.5% HS to the laying hen feed had a positive effect on egg laying rate, daily egg mass, egg weight, feed conversion and eggshell quality and also had an immunostimulatory effect manifested by increased phagocyte activity and B cell response. Concurrently, an increase in the number of enterobacteria in the intestinal contents and a decrease in the proportion of T lymphocytes (p < 0.05) was observed, which can be considered as a negative effect of HS. The results confirmed that HS can be used for the improvement of egg production and targeted immunostimulation, but their effect on the intestinal microbiota and T lymphocytes should be studied in more detail.
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Lord, James D., Ramya Kongala y Julius Juarez. "VEDOLIZUMAB REDUCES DENDRITIC CELLS AND NAÏVE LYMPHOCYTES IN THE COLON MUCOSA". Journal of Immunology 208, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2022): 48.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.48.14.
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Abstract Vedolizumab blocks integrin alpha4/beta7 interaction with MAdCAM-1 on intestinal vascular endothelial cells. It is believed to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by preventing alpha4/beta7+ cells in blood from entering the intestinal mucosa. By CyTOF and flow cytometry, we found high expression of alph4/beta7 on nearly all myeloid dendritic cells in the blood. Flow cytometry was also performed on colon biopsies from 71 IBD patients on vedolizumab matched 1:1 with similar biopsies from 71 matched IBD patients not on vedolizumab. In the colon, vedolizumab use was associated with significantly fewer intramucosal myeloid dendritic cells (CD1c+, CD14−, CD11c+, HLA-DR+, Wilcoxon p=0.000001) in patients responsive to vedolizumab, but not in non-responders, relative to their respective controls. Fewer intramucosal naïve B (IgD+, Wilcoxon p=0.0001) and CD4 T cells (CD45RA+, Wilcoxon p=0.001) were also observed, regardless of treatment efficacy. No differences were observed in the frequency of other T or B cell subsets, including CD8 T cells, effector T cells, plasma cells and memory B cells expressing different immunoglobin isotypes, suggesting that they have an alternative means of recruitment not present among naïve lymphocytes, such as integrin alpha4/beta1, which binds VCAM-1. Thus we find no evidence that that vedolizumab functions by preventing effector lymphocytes from entering the intestinal mucosa. We instead associated vedolizumab use with fewer colonic naïve lymphocyte and myeloid dendritic cells. The latter is of particular interest, as it alone correlates with clinical response to this therapy. Supported by a collaborative research agreement with Takeda Pharmaceuticals
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Tochio, T., Y. Kadota, Y. Asami, R. Azuma, R. Oishi, K. Torihama, A. Tanaka, A. Kumagai y K. Masuda. "Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota and Systemic Immune Responses by Dietary 1-Kestose Supplementation in Healthy Dogs". International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 16, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ijpp2641-7197.16:7-15.
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1-Kestose is a trisaccharide prebiotic that modifies immune responses in humans and rodents with allergic diseases by altering the intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we examined the effects of 1-kestose supplementation on the intestinal microbiota, peripheral lymphocyte subsets, and antibody production in healthy dogs. Fecal IgA levels and serum antibody titers against the rabies vaccine were not significantly affected by 1-kestose supplementation. In a flow cytometric analysis, the percentage of T cells among total lymphocytes decreased, whereas that of B cells increased in supplemented dogs. A metagenomic analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that the proportion of Bifidobacterium increased, while that of Lactobacillus did not decrease in supplemented dogs. Furthermore, a quantification analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that the proportion of Bifidobacterium increased in supplemented dogs. These results suggest that 1-kestose supplementation induced modifications in the intestinal microbiota of dogs, which presumably enhanced the immune system. 1-Kestose may be a useful food material as a prebiotic for dogs.
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Dvorožňáková, Emília, Miroslava Vargová, Andrea Lauková y Viera Revajová. "MODULATORY EFFECT OF PROBIOTIC THERAPY ON INTESTINAL LYMPHOCYTES IN MICE INFECTED WITH TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS". THEORY AND PRACTICE OF PARASITIC DISEASE CONTROL, n.º 20 (14 de mayo de 2019): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31016/978-5-9902340-8-6.2019.20.741-745.
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Important components of the intestinal mucosal immunity are free intraepithelial and lamina propria lymphocytes involved in the regulation and activity of the immune response. This study detected the presence of helper CD4 and cytotoxic CD8 T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes in the small intestine of mice treated with probiotic strains and infected with Trichinella spiralis. Bacterial strains of different origin (Enterococcus faecium CCM8558, Enterococcus durans ED26E/7, Lactobacillus fermentum CCM7421, Lactobacillus plantarum 17L/1) were administered daily in dose of 109CFU/ml in 100 μl and mice were infected with 400 larvae of T. spiralison 7th day of treatment. L. fermentum CCM7421 and L. plantarum 17L/1 increased numbers of helper CD4 T cells in the epithelium and cytotoxic CD8 T cells in the lamina propria on 7th day of administration (before parasitic infection). T. spiralisinfection caused a significant inhibition of examined lymphocyte subpopulations from 5 to 25 days post infection (p.i.). Lactobacilli restored the CD4 T cell numbers in the epithelium and lamina propria on the level of healthy control from day 11 p.i. All strains stimulated the numbers of CD8 T cells in infected mice, but in comparison to control, CD8 T cells were reduced in the epithelium until day 25 p.i. and in the lamina propria only on day 5 p.i. An inhibition of B cells (CD19) in the small intestine after T. spiralis infection was not affected by probiotic therapy till day 25 p.i., but a stimulation of B cells was found after treatment with E. durans ED26E/7 and L. fermentum CCM7421on day 32 p.i. The obtained results confirmed the strain-specific immunomodulatory effect of probiotic bacteria. The greatest immunomodulatory potential on the gut CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes during T. spiralis infection was confirmed by L. fermentum CCM7421 and L. plantarum 17L/1. Strains E. faecium CCM8558 and E. durans ED26E/7 activated only cytotoxic CD8 T cells in the lamina propria.
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Nio, D. A., R. N. Moylan y J. K. Roche. "Modulation of T lymphocyte function by neuropeptides. Evidence for their role as local immunoregulatory elements." Journal of Immunology 150, n.º 12 (15 de junio de 1993): 5281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.150.12.5281.
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Abstract In mucosa-bearing organs with inherent lymphoid populations, classical modes for control of the immune response may be augmented by products of extrinsic sensory afferent nerve endings which arborize through the lamina propria compartment containing large numbers of T and B lymphocytes. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of neuropeptides (substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and somatostatin) in immune response regulation by using a homogeneous line of T lymphocytes (AO40.1 hybrid), whose activation is driven by a specific Ag (OVA) and where the end point (IL-2 release) could not be contributed to by accessory or other cells. IL-2 was quantitated by the rate of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) metabolism with the use of a murine CD4+ IL-2-dependent T lymphocyte line, and dose-response effects of each neuropeptide were examined over a broad concentration range (10(-14)-10(-6) M) encompassing that regarded as physiologic. Vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulated IL-2 release at low concentrations with a marked effect at 10(-14) M that gradually returned to control levels by 10(-7) M. Somatostatin was associated with a substantial augmentation of AO40.1 T lymphocyte IL-2 release at 10(-10) to 10(-8) M concentrations, whereas substance P demonstrated a stimulatory effect only at high concentrations (10(-9) to 10(-6) M). Concomitant [3H]thymidine uptake studies suggested that changes in cell proliferation or viability did not account for neuropeptide-induced effects in our system. With several exceptions, similar results were found with mitogen (Con A)-stimulated AO40.1 cells and human colonic lamina propria mononuclear cells. It was concluded that the three study neuropeptides, over a broad range of concentrations, have profound stimulatory (and occasionally inhibitory) effects upon the function of a cloned T lymphocyte hybrid cell responding to specific Ag and that these events may reflect those of Ag-driven mucosal T lymphocytes exposed to neuropeptides in vivo.
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Meylan, Francoise, Eric Hawley, Luke Barron, Jillian Barlow, Pallavi Penumetcha, Arianne Richard, Xi Chen et al. "The TL1A-IL13 axis: a novel pathway for Type 2 immunity mediated by innate lymphocytes independent of helminth infection (P6264)". Journal of Immunology 190, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2013): 46.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.46.3.
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Abstract The TNF-family cytokine TL1A costimulates T cells through its receptor DR3 and is required for diverse autoimmune disease models, but its role in innate lymphocyte biology has not been explored. Transgenic mice chronically expressing TL1A have increased activated T cells and develop small intestinal pathology characterized by high levels of IL-13, muscular and goblet cell hyperplasia, and infiltration with immune cells, all of which depend on DR3. Genetically eliminating T cells reduces T cell hyperactivation and gut infiltration with lymphocytes but not IL-13 production or mucosal hyperplasia. These data suggest that TL1A can induce another cell type to produce IL-13 and induce gastrointestinal pathology. Using a DsRED reporter mouse for IL-13, we find that the major IL-13 producing cells in TL1A transgenic mice lack T and B cell lineage markers and are phenotypically similar to ’type 2’ innate lymphocytes (ILC2) which expand and produce IL-13 in response to IL-25, IL-33 or parasitic infection. TL1A directly promotes IL-13 production by ILC2 ex-vivo. However, DR3 deficient mice mount a vigorous response to the intestinal nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, and IL-13 producing innate lymphocytes can be expanded by IL-25 in the absence of DR3. Thus, TL1A can directly induce IL-13 production by innate lymphocytes through mechanisms distinct from parasitic infection. TL1A may be an attractive target for immunotherapy of diverse diseases associated with this cytokine.
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Rosé, Jason R., Marna B. Williams, Lusijah S. Rott, Eugene C. Butcher y Harry B. Greenberg. "Expression of the Mucosal Homing Receptor α4β7 Correlates with the Ability of CD8+ Memory T Cells To Clear Rotavirus Infection". Journal of Virology 72, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1998): 726–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.1.726-730.1998.
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ABSTRACT The integrin α4β7 plays an important role in lymphocyte homing to mucosal lymphoid tissues and has been shown to define a subpopulation of memory T cells capable of homing to intestinal sites. Here we have used a well-characterized intestinal virus, murine rotavirus, to investigate whether memory/effector function for an intestinal pathogen is associated with α4β7 expression. α4β7 hi memory phenotype (CD44hi), α4β7 −memory phenotype, and presumptively naive (CD44lo) CD8+ T lymphocytes from rotavirus-infected mice were sorted and transferred into Rag-2 (T- and B-cell-deficient) recipients that were chronically infected with murine rotavirus. α4β7 hi memory phenotype CD8+ cells were highly efficient at clearing rotavirus infection, α4β7 − memory cells were inefficient or ineffective, depending on the cell numbers transferred, and CD44lo cells were completely unable to clear chronic rotavirus infection. These data demonstrate that functional memory for rotavirus resides primarily in memory phenotype cells that display the mucosal homing receptor α4β7.
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Guarner, Jeannette, Jeanine Bartlett, Toni Whistler, Daphne Pierce‐Smith, Marilyn Owens, Rachel Kreh, Steven Czinn y Benjamin D. Gold. "Can Pre‐Neoplastic Lesions be Detected in Gastric Biopsies of Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection?" Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 37, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2003): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.2003.tb11999.x.
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ABSTRACTBackgroundActive gastritis, gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are lesions associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are only seen in adults.ObjectivesWe describe pediatric patients with atrophy and metaplasia, and compare the inflammatory response in these patients to controls.MethodsAs part of a multicenter study of pediatric H. pylori infection, gastric biopsy specimens obtained during diagnostic upper endoscopy of 19 H. pylori‐infected children and 45 uninfected controls were reviewed and graded by using the updated Sydney system. The inflammatory response was characterized using immunohistochemistry for T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophages, and TUNEL assay for apoptosis.ResultsHistology of H. pylori‐infected and control biopsy specimens showed active gastritis in 32% and 2% respectively (P = 0.002). Mild intestinal metaplasia was found in 4 H. pylori‐infected children, in two of whom it appeared to be accompanied by atrophy. Specimens from patients with H. pylori infection contained increased numbers of B lymphocytes in lymphoid nodules, and apoptosis in the superficial epithelium and inflammatory cells. T lymphocytes and macrophages appeared in similar numbers in specimens from controls and infected patients.ConclusionsWe describe intestinal metaplasia associated with H. pylori infection in children. Since atrophy usually precedes intestinal metaplasia in adults, we suggest that atrophy exists in children. High numbers of B lymphocytes and apoptosis in the surface epithelium are seen in patients with H. pylori infection and may be related to the development of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia.
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Prykhod'ko, Olena, Olexandr Fed'kiv, Ann Linderoth, Stefan G. Pierzynowski y Björn R. Weström. "Precocious gut maturation and immune cell expansion by single dose feeding the lectin phytohaemagglutinin to suckling rats". British Journal of Nutrition 101, n.º 5 (22 de julio de 2008): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114508035940.
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The dietary lectin phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) induces gut growth and precocious maturation in suckling rats after mucosal binding. The present study investigated the dose range in which PHA provokes gut maturation and if it coincided with immune activation. Suckling rats, aged 14 d, were orogastrically fed a single increasing dose of PHA: 0 (control), 2, 10, 50 or 250 μg/g body weight (BW) in saline. The effect on gut, lymphoid organs and appearance of CD3+ (T-lymphocyte) and CD19+ (B-lymphocyte) cells in the small-intestinal mucosa was studied at 12 h (acute) and 3 d (late phase) after treatment. The low PHA doses (2 and 10 μg/g BW) induced intestinal hyperplasia without mucosal disarrangement but did not provoke gut maturation. Only the high PHA doses (50 and 250 μg/g BW) temporarily disturbed the intestinal mucosa with villi shortening and decrease in disaccharidase activities, and later after 3 d provoked precocious maturation, resulting in an increase in maltase and sucrase activities and decrease in lactase activity and disappearance of the fetal vacuolated enterocytes in the distal small intestine. Exposure to the high, but not to the low, PHA doses increased the number of mucosal CD19+ and CD3+ cells in the small intestine after 12 h, a finding also observed in untreated weaned rats aged 21–28 d. In conclusion, there was a dose-related effect of PHA on gastrointestinal growth and precocious maturation that coincided with a rapid expansion of mucosal B- and T-lymphocytes, indicating a possible involvement of the immune system in this process.
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Williams, Marna B., Jason R. Rosé, Lusijah S. Rott, Manuel A. Franco, Harry B. Greenberg y Eugene C. Butcher. "The Memory B Cell Subset Responsible for the Secretory IgA Response and Protective Humoral Immunity to Rotavirus Expresses the Intestinal Homing Receptor, α4β7". Journal of Immunology 161, n.º 8 (15 de octubre de 1998): 4227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.161.8.4227.
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Abstract Infection of mice with murine rotaviruses induces life-long immunity, characterized by high levels of IgA in the intestine and large numbers of rotavirus (RV)-specific Ab-secreting cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Lymphocyte trafficking into gut-associated lymphoid tissues is mediated by interaction of the α4β7 integrin on lymphocytes with the vascular mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1. To determine whether B cell memory for RV correlates with α4β7 expression, we transferred sorted B220+ phenotypically defined memory (IgD−α4β7high and IgD− α4β7−) and naive (IgD+α4β7+) splenocytes into recombination-activating gene-2 knockout mice (B and T cell-deficient) that were chronically infected with RV. Only mice receiving α4β7high memory (IgD−) B cells produced RV-specific IgA in the stool, cleared the virus, and were immune to reinfection. α4β7high (but not α4β7−) memory B cells from donors boosted as much as 7 mo previously also cleared the virus, indicating that α4β7high memory B cells maintain long term functional immunity to RV. Although only α4β7high memory cells provided mucosal immunity, α4β7− cells from recently boosted donor animals could generate RV-specific serum IgG, but, like naive (IgD+) B cells, were unable to induce viral clearance even 60 days after cell transfer. These data indicate that protective immunity for an intestinal pathogen, RV, resides in memory phenotype B cells expressing the intestinal homing receptor, α4β7.
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Cabaner, C., F. Boudard y M. Bastide. "Modulation of the Proliferative Response of Murine Peyer's Patch Lymphocytes by Different Peptides: CCK-8, CGRP, CCK-PZ and VIP. Preliminary Results". International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 8, n.º 2 (mayo de 1995): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039463209500800207.
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There is evidence of an innervation of the mucosal immune system by peptidergic fibers. The modulation of the mitogenic response of the murine Peyer's patch lymphocytes by several peptides present in the gastrointestinal tract, namely, the carboxy-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8), the entire molecule cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ), the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), was studied. The proliferative response of the T lymphocytes induced by 2.5 μg/ml concanavaline A (Con A) was dose dependently inhibited by CGRP and VIP, with a maximal inhibition of 40% and 55% with 10−7 M CGRP and VIP, respectively. On the contrary, CCK-PZ exerted a significant stimulatory effect, 48% increase in thymidine incorporation being observed with 62.5 mU/ml (Crick units) CCK-PZ. CCK-8 was found to have no effect on the T cell proliferation. None of the peptides tested were able to modify the mitogenic response of Peyer's patch B lymphocytes induced by 20 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS), except for CCK-PZ which induced a significant inhibition of the mitogenesis with a maximal effect of 45% inhibition at 500 mU/ml. These preliminary results show that CGRP, VIP and CCK-PZ can affect the murine Peyer's patch T and B lymphocyte response and suggest that they could be implicated in the modulation of the local immune response in the intestine.
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Nishiyama, Yasuhiro, Hiromasa Hamada, Satoshi Nonaka, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Masanobu Nanno, Yasuo Katayama, Hidemi Takahashi y Hiromichi Ishikawa. "Homeostatic Regulation of Intestinal Villous Epithelia by B Lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology 168, n.º 6 (15 de marzo de 2002): 2626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.6.2626.
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Nishiyama, Yasuhiro, Hiromasa Hamada, Satoshi Nonaka, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Masanobu Nanno, Yasuo Katayama, Hidemi Takahashi y Hiromichi Ishikawa. "Homeostatic Regulation of Intestinal Villous Epithelia by B Lymphocytes". Journal of Immunology 168, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2002): 4241.1–4241. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.168.8.4241-a.
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McCabe, Robert P., William L. Carroll, Maureen Egan, Steven M. Cohn y Marion Peters. "Immunoglobulin Variable Region Usage in Human Intestinal B Lymphocytes". Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology 71, n.º 2 (mayo de 1994): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/clin.1994.1078.
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Snegireva, N. A., E. V. Sidorova, I. N. Dyakov, M. V. Gavrilova, I. N. Chernyshova, E. P. Pashkov y O. A. Svitich. "IgM- and IgA-response of peritoneal B-1 cells to the TI-2 antigen with the presence of γδT cells in vitro". Medical Immunology (Russia) 23, n.º 2 (3 de mayo de 2021): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-iai-2157.
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IgA is an important component of the mucosal system of the body. It limits penetration of pathogens into the bloodstream. Inflammatory diseases such as Crohn disease and colitis may be associated with disorders of IgA synthesis. Both B1 and B2 cells are a source of IgA in the intestines. Special attention is paid to B1 cells, which are able to respond to T-independent type 2 antigens and produce natural antibodies. B1 cells produce about 50% of the intestinal IgA including specific antibodies to the components of microorganisms contained in the gastrointestinal tract. The mechanism of IgA formation in the T-independent way is not investigated in details. It was suggested that the γδТ-cells promote switching to IgA synthesis by B1 cells. This assumption may be supported by their co-localization with B1 lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa, as well as participation, along with B1 cells, in formation of the first-line defense against the pathogens. In addition, the both lymphocyte subpopulations evolve during initial ontogenesis, earlier than “classic” В2 and αβT cells. Therefore, it was suggested that γδT lymphocytes may be involved into the processes of induction and/or regulation of IgM and IgA production by B1 cells in response to TH2 antigens.In the present study, we have shown the effect of γδT cells upon generation of IgM- and IgA-forming B1 cells in response to α-1,3-dextran in vitro. We also studied the dynamics of the mRNA expression for IgM- and IgA-heavy chains by the B1 cells at different terms of in vitro culture.It was found that, during co-cultivation of B1 cells with 20% γδT lymphocytes, there is no increase in the number of dextran-specific IgM-producing cells. The B1 cells exhibited an increase of IgM heavy chain mRNA expression in response to dextran but not in co-cultures. Expression of mRNA for IgM heavy chains in co-cultures was decreased compared to non-treated B-cell cultures. Contrary to the earlier assumption, a presence of γδT lymphocytes in culture did not enhance the formation of IgA producents. The obtained data suggest regulatory properties of the γδТ lymphocytes during the B1 cells response to T-independent antigens.
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Coffin, Susan E., Stephanie L. Clark, Nico A. Bos, Jeffery O. Brubaker y Paul A. Offit. "Migration of Antigen-Presenting B Cells from Peripheral to Mucosal Lymphoid Tissues May Induce Intestinal Antigen-Specific IgA Following Parenteral Immunization". Journal of Immunology 163, n.º 6 (15 de septiembre de 1999): 3064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.6.3064.
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Abstract Parenterally administered immunizations have long been used to induce protection from mucosal pathogens such as Bordetella pertussis and influenza virus. We previously found that i.m. inoculation of mice with the intestinal pathogen, rotavirus, induced virus-specific Ab production by intestinal lymphocytes. We have now used adoptive transfer studies to identify the cell types responsible for the generation of virus-specific Ab production by gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) after i.m. immunization. Three days after i.m. immunization with rotavirus, cells obtained from the draining peripheral lymph nodes of donor mice were transferred into naive recipient mice. We found that intestinal lymphocytes produced rotavirus-specific Igs (IgM, IgA, and IgG) 2 wk after transfer of either unfractionated cells, or unfractionated cells rendered incapable of cellular division by mitomycin C treatment. Additional studies demonstrated that rotavirus-specific IgA, but not IgG, was produced by intestinal lymphocytes after transfer of purified B cells. Ig allotype analysis revealed that rotavirus-specific IgA was produced by intestinal B cells of recipient origin, suggesting that migration of Ag-presenting B cells from peripheral lymphoid tissues to GALT may contribute to the generation of mucosal IgA responses after parenteral immunization. Strategies that promote Ag uptake and presentation by B cells may enhance mucosal IgA production following parenteral immunization.
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Gil, M. L., N. Vita, S. Lebel-Binay, B. Miloux, P. Chalon, M. Kaghad, C. Marchiol-Fournigault, H. Conjeaud, D. Caput y P. Ferrara. "A member of the tetra spans transmembrane protein superfamily is recognized by a monoclonal antibody raised against an HLA class I-deficient, lymphokine-activated killer-susceptible, B lymphocyte line. Cloning and preliminary functional studies." Journal of Immunology 148, n.º 9 (1 de mayo de 1992): 2826–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.148.9.2826.
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Abstract The IA4 mAb was identified among a series of antibodies raised in BALB/c mice after immunization against a HLA class I-deficient, lymphokine-activated killer (LAK)-susceptible EBV-B lymphocyte line. The IA4 antibody was selected because of its high expression, in the range of 10(5) to 25 x 10(5) sites/cell, on several B lymphocyte lines (EBV-transformed or Burkitt) and monocytic lines such as HL60 and U937, and because its expression was correlated with both target susceptibility to LAK lysis and reduced expression of HLA class I surface Ag on two pairs of EBV-B-transformed cell lines (721/721.134 and MM/10F2). Despite the strategy followed to raise the mAb and the correlation mentioned above, no direct role of the IA4 molecules in LAK susceptibility has been established, since the IA4 molecule is poorly expressed on the sensitive targets Daudi and K562; moreover, the IA4 antibody did not affect reproducibly the in vitro killing of positive target cells by LAK effectors. The IA4 antibody was poorly immunoprecipitating and the surface molecule recognized was identified by gene cloning following an expression strategy using a U937 cDNA library transfected in COS cells, and a screening strategy based on membrane expression of IA4 molecule. The IA4 cDNA is virtually identical to "R2," a mRNA species previously identified in activated human T cells by subtractive hybridization. The IA4 cDNA contains an open reading frame coding for a protein 267 amino acids long with four potential transmembrane domains and one large external hydrophilic domain of about 110 amino acids, possibly glycosylated. The encoded protein belongs to a family of surface molecules, the tetra spans transmembrane protein superfamily, all displaying the four transmembrane domains, expressed on various cell types including lymphocytes (CD9, CD37, CD53, TAPA-1), melanoma cells (ME491), and intestinal cells (CO-029). These molecules have been reported to be involved in cell activation and cell death. Surprisingly, the Schistosoma mansoni Ag Sm23 displays significant homologies with this family. The IA4 molecule is a widely distributed surface marker expressed on circulating lymphocytes and monocytes, newborn thymocytes, and the cell lines mentioned above. The IA4 molecule expression is up-regulated upon cell activation. Weakly expressed on resting peripheral T and B lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes (NK), its expression roughly doubles after activation by PHA, staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, and IL-2, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Bukharin, O. V., E. V. Ivanova y N. B. Perunova. "REGULATION OF IMMUNE HOMEOSTASIS OF THE HUMAN INTESTINE BY METABOLITES OF BIFIDOBACTERIA UNDER CONDITIONS OF MICROBIAL RECOGNITION". Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, n.º 3 (28 de junio de 2017): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2017-3-12-18.
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Aim. To study the production of cytokins on the model of peripheral blood lymphocytes under the activity of Bifidobacterium bifidum 791 strain induced by Lactobacillus fermentum 90T-C4, Escherichia coli 157 and Staphylococcus aureus 209 metabolites. Materials and methods. Reference strains of «self» and «поп-self» types of bacteria were used in the investigation. «Self/non-self» microbial recognition method (Bukharin O.V., Perunova N.B., 2011). Mononuclear leukocytes were isolated from the blood of healthy donors by gradient centrifugation in ficoll-verographin density gradient (Pharmacia, Sweden). Production of pro-(IFN-y, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokins was investigated in mononuclear culture by ELISA method. The results are statistically processed. Results. Similarities in the direction of lymphocyte reaction and «self» and «поп-self» microbial differentiation of bifidobacteria were found. It was determined that in reaction to «поп-self» reference cultures the lymphocytes increased pro-inflammatory potential and increased anti-inflammatory potential in reaction to «self» bacteria. Preliminary co-incubation of bifidobacteria with L.fermentum metabolites 90T-C4 increased anti-inflammatory effect of B. bifldum 791, whereas lymphocyte reaction to E. coli and staphylococcus induced bifidobacteria was changed to pro-inflammatory. Conclusion. Combined unidirectional influence of microbiota and its metabolic activity on cytokine level might enhance defence effect of intestinal immune response. The capacity of bifidoflora to carry out primary selection of microsymbionts on account of intermicrobial «recognition» and differentiated exposure to lymphocyte pro- and anti-inflammatory potential evidences the key role of bifidoflora in the human intestine homeostasis maintenance.
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Панікар, І. І. y Л. П. Горальський. "Окремі особливості імуноморфологічного становлення організму поросят віком 9 діб". Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії, n.º 4 (27 de diciembre de 2013): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31210/visnyk2013.04.19.
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Слабка активність клітин із маркерами CD79 (В-лімфоцити) в лімфатичних утвореннях органів лім-фопоезу і висока концентрація цих клітин на поверхні слизової оболонки тонкого відділу кишечнику свідчить про незрілість власних гуморальних факторів імуніте-ту поросят віком 9 діб і важливість материнських іму-нних тіл у житті новонароджених тварин. Актив-ність лімфоцитів із поверхневими маркерами CD3 (тканинних лімфоцитів) більш виражена в лімфатич-них вузлах і лімфоїдних утвореннях стінки кишечнику; особливістю даного процесу є вогнищевий характер.
Partly activity of cells with markers CD79 (B-lymphocytes) in the lymph formations of lymphopoiesis and a high concentration of cells on the surface of the mucous membrane of the small part of the intestine shows the immaturity of their immune humoral factors of 9 days old piglets and the importance of maternal immune bodies in the life of newborn animals. The activity of lymphocytes with surface markers CD3 (lymphocyte tissue) is more expressed in the lymph nodes and lymphoid formations of the intestinal wall, feature of this process is the focal character.
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Pérez-Bosque, Anna y Miquel Moretó. "A rat model of mild intestinal inflammation induced byStaphylococcus aureusenterotoxin B". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 69, n.º 3 (25 de junio de 2010): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665110001849.
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The epithelial barrier of the intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) protects the host against luminal pathogenic micro-organisms. This is important at weaning, when animals are exposed to infectious agents and stresses. We have developed a rat model of intestinal inflammation post weaning, based on the systemic administration ofStaphylococcus aureusenterotoxin B (SEB). Since the inflammatory response obtained is mild, the food intake pattern is not affected, which makes this model useful for studies of nutritional therapies for intestinal inflammatory disease. SEB increased T-lymphocytes in Peyer's patches and the number of activated T-lymphocytes in mesenteric lymph nodes (organized GALT). In the lamina propria, SEB increased activated T-lymphocytes as well as cytotoxic and natural killer-cell populations of the diffuse GALT. It also increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in both Peyer's patches and mucosa. Rats given SEB had higher paracellular permeability to macromolecules, which was associated with a reduction in epithelial tightness. This model was used to examine whether dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma proteins affects intestinal inflammation. Results showed that dietary plasma proteins can attenuate the mucosal immune response in both organized and diffuse GALT and that these effects are mediated by a reduction in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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McPherson, Michael, Bo Wei, Olga Turovskaya, Daisuke Fujiwara, Sarah Brewer y Jonathan Braun. "Colitis immunoregulation by CD8+ T cell requires T cell cytotoxicity and B cell peptide antigen presentation". American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 295, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2008): G485—G492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.90221.2008.
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Deficient immunoregulation by CD4+ T cells is an important susceptibility trait for inflammatory bowel disease, but the role of other regulatory cell types is less understood. This study addresses the role and mechanistic interaction of B cells and CD8+ T cells in controlling immune-mediated colitis. The genetic requirements for B cells and CD8+ T cells to confer protective immunoregulation were assessed by cotransfer with colitogenic Gαi2−/− T cells into immune-deficient mice. Disease activity in Gαi2−/− T cell recipients was evaluated by CD4+ T intestinal lymphocyte abundance, cytokine production levels, and large intestine histology. B cells deficient in B7.1/B7.2, CD40, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II (Abb), or native B cell antigen receptor (MD4) were competent for colitis protection. However, transporter-1-deficient B cells failed to protect, indicating a requirement for peptide MHC I presentation to CD8+ T cells. CD8+ T cells deficient in native T cell receptor repertoire (OT-1) or cytolysis (perforin−/−) also were nonprotective. These finding reveal an integrated role for antigen-specific perforin-dependent CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity in colitis immunoregulatory and its efficient induction by a subset of mesenteric B lymphocytes.
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LANNING, D., K. RHEE y K. KNIGHT. "Intestinal bacteria and development of the B-lymphocyte repertoire". Trends in Immunology 26, n.º 8 (agosto de 2005): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.it.2005.06.001.
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Zafranskaya, M. M., H. Yu Adamovich, A. U. Varabei, A. M. Starastin y D. B. Nizheharodava. "Phenotypic profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases". Medical Immunology (Russia) 22, n.º 6 (10 de enero de 2021): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-ppo-2080.
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Mechanisms of recognition and effector responses of immune system upon initiation and maintenance of immune-mediated inflammation and tissue damage in inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC), have been actively studied over recent time. Existing evidence suggests these diseases to be caused by abnormal immune response against intestinal flora microorganisms in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite available data on the features of immune disorders in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, there are still many questions about the involved minor lymphocyte subpopulations and contribution of various functionally active molecules, which play a key role in recognition and initiation of the immune response and can be considered biomarkers of a pathological process in inflammatory bowel diseases. The populations of T lymphocytes with γδT cell receptor, B1 cells and NK T lymphocytes are of greatest interest, as well as functionally active TLRs (Toll-like receptors), CD89, CD314, etc. Due to substantial progress in studying the nature of recognition and activation of the immune cells, the paper presents phenotypic and functional characteristics of major and minor subpopulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes observed in 25 patients treated at the Surgery Department of the State Institution “Minsk Regional Clinical Hospital” (Republic of Belarus) from 2018 to 2020. The detected changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte phenotype of inflammatory bowel diseases patients suggest distinct immunological profiles prevailing in the damage mechanisms in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. I.e., in Crohn’s disease patients, B1 lymphocytes with CD19+CD5+ and NK cells in combination with increased CD56bright population, as well as NK T cells with anti-inflammatory and regulatory activity are involved into genesis of the disease. In ulcerative colitis, T, B, NK lymphocytes with pro-inflammatory phenotype and T lymphocytes with γδ T cell receptor may play a pathogenetic role in maintenance of chronic inflammation. With respect to functional significance of activating receptors, the number of TLR4- и CD89-positive cells may be used for developing immunological criteria/ biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy of new drugs. Studying interactions between innate and adaptive immunity will open new perspectives in understanding immunological disorders associated with chronic gastrointestinal inflammation.
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Zlotkowska, Dagmara Anna, Ewa Wasilewska y Barbara Wroblewska. "Mucosal immune responses to b-lactoglobuin (βLG)-immunized mice are altered following colitis challenge". Journal of Immunology 198, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2017): 65.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.65.4.
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Abstract Food allergens induce mucosal immune responses, and their continual exposure to sensitive hosts leads to health problems, e.g. intestinal inflammation. We tested dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to disrupt intestinal homeostasis in mice immunized with βLG. BALB/c mice were ip. sensitised with βLG/PBS, thereafter orally challenged with βLG. DSS was delivered in drinking water et libitum. Humoral response and T cell profile were monitored for differences in immune response between groups. The highest level of Ag-specific serum IgG was observed in the i.p. immunized group without dependence on DSS presence. The level of Ag-specific IgA in sera and fecal extracts was low in each group. We found the greatest amount of CD4+ and FoxP3+CD25+CD4+ T cells in the spleens, mesenteric and peripheral lymph nodes obtained from mice orally immunized with βLG and receiving DSS treatment. DSS also induced a subset of CD4+ T cells producing a high amount of IFN-γ in all experimental groups. An elevated number IFN-γ+ CD4+ T cells was found in the lymphoid tissues of βLG-immunized mice (ip and orally) and treated with DSS. The profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed a two-fold increase in FoxP3+CD25+CD4+ T cells after DSS stimulation. The proposed experimental model of the inflamed intestine provoked with allergens showed differences in humoral responses and lymphocyte profiles, demonstrating that this regimen can be used to monitor immunoreactivity to food compounds.
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Harriman, Gregory R., Molly Bogue, Pamela Rogers, Milton Finegold, Susan Pacheco, Allan Bradley, Yongxin Zhang y Innocent N. Mbawuike. "Targeted Deletion of the IgA Constant Region in Mice Leads to IgA Deficiency with Alterations in Expression of Other Ig Isotypes". Journal of Immunology 162, n.º 5 (1 de marzo de 1999): 2521–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2521.
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Abstract A murine model of IgA deficiency has been established by targeted deletion of the IgA switch and constant regions in embryonic stem cells. B cells from IgA-deficient mice were incapable of producing IgA in vitro in response to TGF-β. IgA-deficient mice expressed higher levels of IgM and IgG in serum and gastrointestinal secretions and decreased levels of IgE in serum and pulmonary secretions. Expression of IgG subclasses was complex, with the most consistent finding being an increase in IgG2b and a decrease in IgG3 in serum and secretions. No detectable IgA Abs were observed following mucosal immunization against influenza; however, compared with those in wild-type mice, increased levels of IgM Abs were seen in both serum and secretions. Development of lymphoid tissues as well as T and B lymphocyte function appeared normal otherwise. Peyer’s patches in IgA-deficient mice were well developed with prominent germinal centers despite the absence of IgA in these germinal centers or intestinal lamina propria. Lymphocytes from IgA-deficient mice responded to T and B cell mitogens comparable to those of wild-type mice, while T cells from IgA-deficient mice produced comparable levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 mRNA and protein. In conclusion, mice with targeted deletion of the IgA switch and constant regions are completely deficient in IgA and exhibit altered expression of other Ig isotypes, notably IgM, IgG2b, IgG3, and IgE, but otherwise have normal lymphocyte development, proliferative responses, and cytokine production.
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Piekarska, Jolanta, Marianna Szczypka, Michał Gorczykowski, Anna Sokół-Łętowska y Alicja Z. Kucharska. "Evaluation of Immunotropic Activity of Iridoid-Anthocyanin Extract of Honeysuckle Berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) in the Course of Experimental Trichinellosis in Mice". Molecules 27, n.º 6 (17 de marzo de 2022): 1949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061949.
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Our experiment determined the immunotropic activity of a natural, iridoid-anthocyanin extract from honeysuckle berry (Lonicera caerulea L.) (LC). The extract was administered to mice infected with Trichinella spiralis, orally at a dose of 2 g/kg bw, six times at 24 h intervals (from day 3 prior to the infection to day 3 post-infection (dpi) with T. spiralis. At 5, 7, 14, and 21 dpi, samples of blood, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected, and isolated lymphocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. The splenocyte proliferation was estimated with MTT testing, and the intensity of intestinal and muscle infection was also studied. LC stimulated the local immune system by inducing lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen 7 dpi and altered the percentage and absolute count of B (CD19+) and T (CD3+, CD8+) cells 7, 14, and 21 dpi in the peripheral blood. LC extract affected the dynamics of expulsion of adult Trichinella from the intestines and prolonged the intestinal phase of the infection but did not change the number of larvae in the muscles. These results suggest that Lonicera caerulea L. fruit extract modulates murine cellular immune response during intestinal phase of T. spiralis infection but shows no antiparasitic activity.
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Csencsits, Keri L., Mark A. Jutila y David W. Pascual. "Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Phenotypic and Functional Evidence for the Primary Role of Peripheral Node Addressin in Naive Lymphocyte Adhesion to High Endothelial Venules in a Mucosal Site". Journal of Immunology 163, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1999): 1382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.163.3.1382.
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Abstract Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), a mucosal inductive site for the upper respiratory tract, is important for the development of mucosal immunity locally and distally to intranasally introduced Ag. To more fully understand the induction of nasal mucosal immunity, we investigated the addressins that allow for lymphocyte trafficking to this tissue. To investigate the addressins responsible for naive lymphocyte binding, immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase staining of frozen NALT sections were performed using anti-mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), anti-peripheral node addressin (PNAd), and anti-VCAM-1 mAbs. All NALT high endothelial venules (HEV) expressed PNAd, either associated with MAdCAM-1 or alone, whereas NALT follicular dendritic cells expressed both MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1. These expression profiles were distinct from those of the gut mucosal inductive site, Peyer’s patches (PP). The functionality of NALT HEV was determined using a Stamper-Woodruff ex vivo assay. The anti-L-selectin MEL-14 mAb blocked >90% of naive lymphocyte binding to NALT HEV, whereas the anti-MAdCAM-1 mAb, which blocks almost all naive lymphocyte binding to PP, minimally blocked binding to NALT HEV. NALT lymphocytes exhibited a unique L-selectin expression profile, differing from both PP and peripheral lymph nodes. Finally, NALT HEV were found in increased amounts in the B cell zones, unlike PP HEV. These results suggest that NALT is distinct from the intestinal PP, that initial naive lymphocyte binding to NALT HEV involves predominantly L-selectin and PNAd rather than α4β7-MAdCAM-1 interactions, and that MAdCAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressed by NALT follicular dendritic cells may play an important role in lymphocyte recruitment and retention.
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Peters, M. G., H. Secrist, K. R. Anders, G. S. Nash, S. R. Rich y R. P. MacDermott. "Normal human intestinal B lymphocytes. Increased activation compared with peripheral blood." Journal of Clinical Investigation 83, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 1989): 1827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci114088.
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Valente, Pâmela Cristina Lopes Gurgel, Maria Conceição Peleteiro, Sandra Carvalho, Rodolfo Oliveira Leal, Constança Pomba, António Duarte y Jorge Correia. "Co-Expression of T- and B-Cell Markers in a Canine Intestinal Lymphoma: A Case Report". Animals 12, n.º 24 (14 de diciembre de 2022): 3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243531.
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An 8-year-old female neutered Labrador retriever was presented for a second opinion consultation due to vomiting and lethargy, having failed to respond to symptomatic therapy. Blood analysis revealed hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia, associated with hypocobalaminemia. An abdominal ultrasound identified diffused bowel thickening and hypoechoic hepatomegaly. An ultrasound-guided liver fine-needle aspiration was performed for cytology and also for cell block immunocytochemistry. Gastric and duodenal biopsies were collected by gastroduodenoscopy. Liver cytology showed numerous lymphocytes, suggesting lymphoma at the hepatic infiltration stage, and immunocytochemistry in the cell block of the hepatic aspirate indicated co-expression of CD3 and CD20 in the lymphoid cells present. The histopathology of gastric and duodenal biopsies supported the hypothesis of gastrointestinal lymphoma due to heavy lymphoid infiltration of the gastric epithelium and intestinal mucosa, including the villi. Concurrent immunohistochemistry was performed using CD3, CD20, PAX5, and CD79αcy antibodies. Immunomarking was positive for CD3 and CD20, which overlapped populations of lymphoid cells, and was negative for all other antibodies. In the clonality test, lymphocyte co-expression of CD3 and CD20 was confirmed by monoclonal rearrangement of T-cell gamma receptors. The final diagnosis was type 2 enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma with hepatic infiltration. Co-expression was examined in conjunction with the PARR result in the presence of T-cell monoclonal rearrangement.
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Hendrickx, A. G., N. Makori y P. Peterson. "The nonhuman primate as a model of developmental immunotoxicity". Human & Experimental Toxicology 21, n.º 9-10 (septiembre de 2002): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327102ht294oa.
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Macaques are well suited for preclinical testing of biopharmaceutics due to reproductive and developmental similarities with humans. In order to characterize ontogeny of the immune system in this model, we studied lymphocyte and antigen-presenting cell populations in developing lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaque fetuses during the second and third trimesters [gestation days (GD) 75–145, term 165 days]. Systemic lymphoid tissues (thymus, spleen and lymph nodes, and intestinal tissue) were examined for morphology and cell surface markers by immunohisto-chemistry. Lymphocytes were further characterized by flow cytometry for differentiation markers. Splenic tissue from early second trimester fetuses was populated mainly by CD20+ B cells while the thymus contained large numbers of CD3+ T cells. In the late second trimester (day 80), appro-ximately equal populations of B and T cells were present in both tissues and numerous dendritic cells (p55+) were present in the intestinal lamina propria. By the second trimester, the rhesus macaque fetal lymphoid system is well developed. Analysis of lymphoid organs from retinoic acid-treated fetuses indicated that the T-cell (thymus)-dependent compartment of the spleen white pulp in specimens with thymic aplasia showed a reduction in size and proportion of CD3+ T cells compared to controls. Our findings indicate that RA-induced thymic defects result in disrupted development of the splenic T-cell-dependent compartment.
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Shulzhenko, Natalia, Andrey Morgun, Oksana Gavrilova, Michele Battle y Polly Matzinger. "Shaping of the gut microbiota by B lymphocytes influences GATA4-dependent lipid absorption and body fat accumulation (90.8)". Journal of Immunology 184, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de abril de 2010): 90.8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.90.8.
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Abstract In order to understand the role for B lymphocytes in normal physiology of intestine, we compared global gene expression in the jejunum of wild-type (WT) and B-cell knockout (KO) mice. We found about 300 genes whose expression differed between WT and B-cell KO mice. Genes down-regulated in B- cell KO intestines, were highly enriched for lipid/energy metabolism genes. Consistent with this result, we found lower amounts of para-genital fat and serum leptin level in B-cell KO mice than in their B-cell-sufficient littermates. We revealed GATA4 as the most enriched transcription factor for the down regulated genes. Conditional KO of Gata4 in the intestinal epithelium showed a high correlation with BcKO gene signature. We also found a decrease in cholesterol absorption in the gut of B-cell KO mice (p<0.005) previously observed in Gata4 intestinal KO. In addition, Gata4 KO mice perfectly recapitulated the systemic effects observed in B-cell KO mice presenting decreased levels of body fat and leptin (p<0.01). Studying the mechanism, we found that mice that have B lymphocytes but do not produce soluble antibodies exhibit a very similar gene expression profile as the B-cell KO mice implying that this phenomenon is antibody-dependent. Under germ-free conditions, we found almost no difference between B-cell KO and control mice. Thus we conclude that B lymphocytes are involved in the control of GATA4-dependent lipid absorption and accumulation of body fat by shaping the gut microflora.
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Fernandez-Cabezudo, Maria J., Alreem A. Al-Mansouri, Ghada Bashir, Achraf Al-Sbiei, Karthikkumar Venkatachalam y Basel K. al-Ramadi. "Analysis of cholinergic pathway-induced alterations at the intestinal mucosa and their association with enhanced resistance to lethal bacterial infection". Journal of Immunology 202, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2019): 66.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.66.9.
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Abstract The mucosal innate immune system represents the first line of defense against microorganisms invading the intestinal tract. Increasing evidence suggests that mucosal immune defenses are tightly regulated by immunological and neural pathways. We previously demonstrated that activation of the cholinergic pathway through the administration of a highly specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), paraoxon, confers resistance to an oral infection by virulent S. typhimurium. This protection is mediated by enhanced innate anti-microbial mucosal defenses in the GI tract. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of different immune cell populations in the GI tract in the modulation of AChEI-mediated anti-Salmonella resistance. Morphological evaluation of intestinal tissue from control- or AChEI-treated mice revealed a significant thickening of the mucin layer and increased B and T lymphocytic infiltration into intestinal mucosa in the AChEI group. Multi-color flow cytometric analysis of iliac intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) showed that cholinergic stimulation increased the percentage of CD3+CD8+gamma/delta TCR+ cells. No significant alterations were observed in lamina propria cells. Our findings indicate that cholinergic pathway is able to modulate not only mucin-secreting cells but more importantly gamma/delta T cells, the cell population known to be involved in tissue homeostasis and repair as well as surveillance of the epithelial barrier.
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Gomes, Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio, Mariana Casteleti Beraldo, Thaila Cristina Putarov, Márcio Antônio Brunetto, Leandro Zaine, Maria Beatriz Abreu Glória y Aulus Cavalieri Carciofi. "Old beagle dogs have lower faecal concentrations of some fermentation products and lower peripheral lymphocyte counts than young adult beagles". British Journal of Nutrition 106, S1 (12 de octubre de 2011): S187—S190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511002960.
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The effects of age on microbiota composition, gut fermentation end-product formation and peripheral lymphocyte numbers were compared between old and young adult Beagle dogs fed four kibble diets differing in yeast cell wall contents. The experiment had a double 4 × 4 Latin square design, one with four mature dogs (4 years old) and the other with four old dogs (10 years old), with four replicates (diets) per dog. In each period a 15 d adaptation period preceded a 5 d total collection of faeces for the digestibility trial. On day 21, fresh faecal samples were collected for the determination of bacterial enumeration, pH, biogenic amine and short-chain fatty acid. Flow cytometry was used for immunophenotypic evaluation. Dogs were fed four kibble diets with similar composition with 0, 0·15, 0·30 and 0·45 % of yeast cell wall (as-fed), respectively. Data were evaluated using general linear models of Statistical Analysis Systems statistical software (P < 0·05). No evidence of a difference in faecal bacteria counts between ages was found (total aerobes, total anaerobes,Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, ClostridiumandEscherichia coli:P>0·15). Faecal concentrations of butyrate, histamine, agmatine and spermine were lower (P ≤ 0·05) and faecal pH was higher (P = 0·03) in older dogs than in mature adult dogs, suggesting an alteration in bacterial metabolic activity, or in the rate of intestinal absorption of these compounds. Concentrations of T-lymphocytes, T-cytotoxic lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes were also lower (P ≤ 0·01) in older dogs than in mature adult dogs. The study confirmed alterations in peripheral lymphocytes and revealed a reduced concentration of some fermentation end products in the colon of old dogs.
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Mokhtar, Doaa M., Enas A. Abd-Elhafez y Ahmed H. S. Hassan. "Microanalysis of the Intestinal Bulb of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idella): Histological, Histochemical, Immunohistochemical, and Scanning Electron Microscopical Studies". Microscopy and Microanalysis 27, n.º 6 (6 de octubre de 2021): 1564–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927621012873.
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Cyprinid fishes have one of the simplest types of gastrointestinal tract among vertebrates. Those fish species do not possess a true stomach that is replaced by a simple dilatation at the anterior part of the intestine called the intestinal bulb. Twenty adult specimens of grass carp were used in the present study to identify the cellular components as well as the immunohistochemical and surface architectural characteristics of the intestinal bulb. The mucosa of the intestinal bulb shows numerous, deep longitudinal folds arranged in zigzagging-like patterns. The epithelium is composed mainly of absorptive columnar cells covered by microvilli and mucous goblet cells. Spindle-shaped enteroendocrine cells and some migratory immune cells such as intraepithelial lymphocytes and rodlet cells could be identified between the absorptive cells. The epithelium also contains many secretory granules and large numbers of vacuoles containing digestive enzymes mostly in the basal part. The immunohistochemistry revealed that CD20-positive B-lymphocytes are immunolocalized mainly in the connective tissue core lamina propria of the mucosal folds. However, CD3-immunopositive T-lymphocytes are highly concentrated in the lamina propria. In addition, intraepithelial T-lymphocytes expressed immunopositivity to CD3. The current study presented many types of immune cells and suggests their essential immunological role for the intestinal blub.
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Postigo, A. A., P. Sánchez-Mateos, A. I. Lazarovits, F. Sánchez-Madrid y M. O. de Landázuri. "Alpha 4 beta 7 integrin mediates B cell binding to fibronectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Expression and function of alpha 4 integrins on human B lymphocytes." Journal of Immunology 151, n.º 5 (1 de septiembre de 1993): 2471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.151.5.2471.
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Abstract Cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions are mediated by a wide array of cell surface molecules known as adhesion receptors, including the integrin family that comprises numerous alpha beta heterodimers. A new integrin group, the beta 7 subfamily, has been recently defined. Its two members, alpha 4 beta 7 and alpha H beta 7, are involved in the lymphocyte migration to the Peyer's patches and the intestinal mucosa, respectively. We have analyzed the expression of alpha 4 beta 7 integrin on B cells from different cellular compartments and at different activation states. Resting peripheral blood B lymphocytes constitutively express large amounts of alpha 4 beta 7. By contrast, alpha 4 beta 7 integrin, which is absent on resident B cells from different lymphoid tissues, is induced upon activation. Functional studies indicates that alpha 4 beta 7 is mediating B cell attachment to fibronectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 through distinct epitopes on this integrin. Furthermore, the alpha 4 beta 7 integrin is also implicated in intercellular interactions as deduced by the ability of anti-alpha 4 beta 7 mAb to trigger homotypic B cell aggregation. Finally, alpha 4 beta 7 and alpha 4 beta 1 integrins redistribute at the cell membrane in a similar clustering pattern when B cells attach to fibronectin- and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-coated surfaces. Our studies demonstrate the differential regulation on the expression and function of alpha 4 beta 7 integrin among different human B cell populations.
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Gomariz, Rosa P., Javier Leceta, Elvira Garrido, Teresa Garrido y Mario Delgado. "Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) mRNA expression in rat T and B lymphocytes". Regulatory Peptides 50, n.º 2 (febrero de 1994): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-0115(94)90033-7.
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Zhang, Xinfeng, Xiaoli Zhang, Huayou Luo, Ruo Shu, Li Guo, Jinghong Zhou, Bowen Tan, Xiao Guo, Yuhan Wang y Yan Tian. "Platelet-To-Lymphocyte and Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratios Predict Intestinal Injury in Male Heroin Addicts". Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (16 de julio de 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2195330.
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Objective. To explore the potential link between gut damage and proinflammatory cytokines in heroin-dependent patients. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed and compared partial blood counts and biomarkers of intestinal injury and their potential correlations in 38 male heroin abuse patients and 29 healthy male participants. In addition, we compared and assessed proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells in 10 heroin abuse patients and 10 healthy participants. Results. Neutrophil counts, platelets/lymphocytes (PLR), neutrophils/lymphocytes (NLR), gut injury biomarkers, and proinflammatory cytokines, CD19+B in patients compared with healthy subjects’ cells increased significantly. The number of lymphocytes, CD3 CD4 T cells, and CD3 CD8 T cells decreased in patients compared to healthy individuals. When distinguishing between heroin addicts and healthy people, ROC/AUC analysis showed that a cutoff of 142.42 for PLR and 2.18 for NLR yielded a sensitivity of 65% and 85% and a specificity of 96.5% and 89.7%, respectively ( p = 0.001 , p < 0.001 ). For predicting intestinal injury, ROC/AUC analysis showed that a cutoff of 135.7 for PLR and 0.15 for NLR yielded a sensitivity of 52% and 60% and a specificity of 82% and 86.4%, respectively ( p = 0.003 , p = 0.009 ). Male heroin addicts are subject to intestinal injury and present with increased proinflammatory cytokine levels. Conclusion. NLR and PLR are possible indirect biomarkers for heroin dependence based on intestinal injury.
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Kanamori, Y., K. Ishimaru, M. Nanno, K. Maki, K. Ikuta, H. Nariuchi y H. Ishikawa. "Identification of novel lymphoid tissues in murine intestinal mucosa where clusters of c-kit+ IL-7R+ Thy1+ lympho-hemopoietic progenitors develop." Journal of Experimental Medicine 184, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1996): 1449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.184.4.1449.
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We have revealed that about one and a half thousand tiny clusters, filled with one thousand closely packed lymphocytes, can be found throughout the murine small and large intestinal mucosa. They are located in crypt lamina propria (cryptopatches; CP) and can be first detected at 14-17 d after birth. A large fraction of lymphocytes in CP expresses c-kit, IL-7R, Thy1 and a lymphocyte function-associated antigen, LFA-1, whereas most of them remain CD3-, TCR alpha beta-, TCR gamma delta-, sIgM-, and B220-. The population size of IL-2R alpha+, HSA+ and Pgp-1+ subsets is variable (20-50%) and the composition of CD8+, Ly-1+, and CD4+ subsets is smaller but also variable (3-20%). In the small intestine, CP do not contain cells undergoing apoptosis nor cells bearing RAG-1 molecules, but do contain dendritic stromal cells bearing CD11c/CD18 molecules. The frequency of DNA replicating cells in CP is higher than that in Peyer's patches (PP), is lower than that in the thymic cortex and is almost comparable with that in the thymic medulla. The numbers of CP remain the same in aged mice (> 114 wk) but double after estrogen treatment even though the thymi are attenuated sharply in both conditions. Thus, with respect to histogenesis, lymphocyte composition and tissue level of cellular behavior, neither PP, isolated lymphoid follicles, peripheral LNs, nor thymus are identical with CP. Finally, CP are virtually absent in lamina propria of IL-7R-deficient mice that display a profound reduction in thymic and peripheral lymphoid cellularity. By contrast, CP are present in germ-free mice and in athymic (nu/nu), SCID, TCR beta x delta-/-, RAG-2-/-, PP-deficient (aly/aly), stem cell factor (Sl/Sld) and c-kit (W/Wv) mutant mice. Taking all of these results together, CP are the first identification of gut-associated murine lymphoid tissues where the generation of IL-7-dependent lympho-hematopoietic progenitors for T and/or B cell descendants may start to take place at the age of commencement of weaning.