Bibliografías temáticas / Low waste building

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Low waste building"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 1 de junio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Low waste building"

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Ye, Hai, Jun Cheng y Zhi Zhuang. "Reducing Building Waste by Reconstruction and Reutilization". Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (diciembre de 2013): 1843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1843.

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Ghost towns of empty houses, short-lived buildings and plants functional change etc. are big building waste problems in China. To create a low-carbon society, reasonable reconstruction work is necessary. Also as the rapid development of high and new technology, building services is improved continuously. More energy efficient and reliable products are required. In this paper, the analysis on different type of building and services upgrading was carried out. For these upgrading schemes, their merits and disadvantages are discussed.
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Rehman, Atiq Ur, Nouman Ghafoor, Shakil R. Sheikh, Zareena Kausar, Fawad Rauf, Farooq Sher, Muhammad Faizan Shah y Haseeb Yaqoob. "A Study of Hot Climate Low-Cost Low-Energy Eco-Friendly Building Envelope with Embedded Phase Change Material". Energies 14, n.º 12 (14 de junio de 2021): 3544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14123544.

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The generation and use of energy are significant contributors to CO2 emissions. Globally, approximately 30% to 40% of all energy consumption can be directly or indirectly linked to buildings. Nearly half of energy usage in buildings is linked to maintaining the thermal comfort of the inhabitants. Therefore, finding solutions that are not only technically but also economically feasible is of utmost importance. Though much research has been conducted to address this issue, most solutions are still costly for developing countries to implement practically. This study endeavors to find a less expensive yet straightforward methodology to achieve thermal comfort while conserving energy. This study takes a broader view of multiple habitat-related CO2 emission issues in developing regions and describes a hybrid solution to address them. New technologies and innovative concepts are being globally examined to benefit from the considerable potential of PCMs and their role in thermal energy storage (TES) applications for buildings. The current study numerically investigates the thermal response of a hybrid building envelope consisting of PCM and local organic waste materials for low-cost low-energy buildings. The local organic waste materials used are those whose disposal is usually done by burning, resulting in an immense amount of greenhouse gases. In the first phase, different waste materials are characterized to determine their thermophysical properties. In the second phase, a low-cost, commonly available PCM calcium chloride hexahydrate, CaCl2.6H2O, is integrated with a brick and corn husk wall to enhance the thermal storage in the building envelope to minimize energy consumption. Temperature distribution plots are primarily used for analysis. The results show a marked improvement in thermal comfort by maintaining a maximum indoor temperature of 27 °C when construction is performed with a 6% corn husk composite material embedded with the PCM, while under similar conditions, the standard brick construction maintained a 31 °C indoor temperature. It is concluded that the integration of the PCM layer with the corn husk wall provides an adequate solution for low-cost and low-energy buildings.
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Maulani, Qurnia y Wulan Nur Fatimah. "Waste Management the Low-Cost Apartment Building, District of Baleendah Bandung 2018". JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 12, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i2.2020.144-153.

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Introduction: Bandung was one of the areas that had not applied a good waste management yet. From 1,440 tons/day waste produced around 320 tons were managed. The effects of untreated waste were carrying the vector of disease, aesthetic decrease, environmental quality, and flood. The aim of this research was to identify the condition of waste management in Rusunawa Balaendah in 2018. Method: The research used observational method with cross sectional design. The object of this research was families who lived in Rusunawa Balaeendah with 60 respondents were obtained with sampling random area tehcnique. Observation variables were sorting, storing, collecting, and the amount of waste generation. This research used direct measurement method to calculated the waste generation during 8 days in May 15 to 21 2018 according to SNI No. 19-3964-1994. Method for collected the data used interview and field observation. The data was presented by table frequency distribution and chart to analyzed the result of the observation. Result and Discussion: The result of this research was shown that respondents who had good waste management were 3%, the storage phase for the ownership of trash that had not requirements yet were 70%, and garbage that was not in TPS was 97%. The amount of waste generation was 0.356kg/person/day. The level of respondents’ knowledges about it was 45% which was on adequate category and the behaviour was 96,6% which was on deficient category. Conclusion: The result of this research was to know that waste management in Rusunawa Balaeendah was not appropriate with the provision. Based on the research, the suggestion is to build a garbage dump that has 3R method of waste management and to collaborate with DKRTH for the transfer of residual waste.
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Tirado, Rafaela, Adélaïde Aublet, Sylvain Laurenceau, Mathieu Thorel, Mathilde Louërat y Guillaume Habert. "Component-Based Model for Building Material Stock and Waste-Flow Characterization: A Case in the Île-de-France Region". Sustainability 13, n.º 23 (27 de noviembre de 2021): 13159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313159.

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Building demolition is one of the main sources of waste generation in urban areas and is a growing problem for cities due to the generated environmental impacts. To promote high levels of circular economy, it is necessary to better understand the waste-flow composition; nevertheless, material flow studies typically focus on low levels of detail. This article presents a model based on a bottom-up macro-component approach, which allows the multiscale characterization of construction materials and the estimation of demolition waste flows, a model that we call the BTP-flux model. Data mining, analytical techniques, and geographic information system (GIS) tools were used to assess different datasets available at the national level and develop a common database for French buildings: BDNB. Generic information for buildings in the BDNB is then enriched by coupling every building with a catalog of macro-components (TyPy), thus allowing the building’s physical description. Subsequently, stock and demolition flows are calculated by aggregation and classified into 32 waste categories. The BTP-flux model was applied in Île-de-France in a sample of 101,320 buildings for residential and non-residential uses, representative of the assessed population (1,968,242 buildings). In the case of Île-de-France, the building stock and the total demolition flows were estimated at 1382 Mt and 4065 kt, respectively. For its inter-regional areas—departments—, stock and demolition waste can vary between 85 and 138 tons/cap and 0.263 and 0.486 tons/cap/year, respectively. The mean of the total demolition wastes was estimated at 0.33 tons/cap/year for the region. Results could encourage scientists, planners, and stakeholders to develop pathways towards a circular economy in the construction sector by implementing strategies for better management of waste recovery and reintegrating in economic circuits, while preserving a maximum of their added value.
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Shao, Liangshan y Wenfeng Xu. "Building materials production process carbon emission analysis and optimization of Low-Carbon manufacturing". E3S Web of Conferences 439 (2023): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343902005.

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In order to study the carbon emission characteristics of building materials production process, the material, energy consumption and carbon emission characteristics of building materials production process were analyzed, the carbon emission boundary conditions of building materials production process were proposed, and the carbon emission calculation model of building materials production process was established. Based on the data provided by a manufacturing company, we calculated and analyzed the carbon emissions of the building materials production process, identified the waste in this production line, and proposed an analysis method based on lean thinking to propose corresponding improvement measures from the production management level to address the waste problems. Reduce non-value-added carbon emissions caused by waste, thus improving the lean level of gear production lines and transforming to low carbon manufacturing.
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Husain, Dilawar, Ravi Prakash y Akbar Ahmad. "Life Cycle Ecological Footprint Reduction for a Tropical Building". Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (12 de agosto de 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4181715.

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Rapid urbanization significantly impacts natural resource demands and waste management in the construction sector. In this study, a novel methodology has been developed that could assess the overall environmental impact of a building during its lifespan by considering resources such as building materials, energy use, emissions, water, manpower, and wastes. The proposed method can estimate the life cycle ecological footprint (EFT) of a building. The result indicates that 957.07 global hectares (gha) of bioproductive land are required during the lifespan of the case building. The CO2 absorption land is the most significant bioproductive land in the EFT of the building. The low environmental impact of building materials may reduce the ecological footprint (EF) of buildings, and using renewable energy can also reduce the operational EF of a building. The proposed building materials and solar PV systems have the potential to reduce the building’s life cycle environmental impact by up to two-thirds. The EF assessment of all existing and proposed buildings may be examined in order to execute strategies for a sustainable construction sector.
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Kauko, Hanne, Daniel Rohde y Armin Hafner. "Local Heating Networks with Waste Heat Utilization: Low or Medium Temperature Supply?" Energies 13, n.º 4 (20 de febrero de 2020): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040954.

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District heating enables an economical use of energy sources that would otherwise be wasted to cover the heating demands of buildings in urban areas. For efficient utilization of local waste heat and renewable heat sources, low distribution temperatures are of crucial importance. This study evaluates a local heating network being planned for a new building area in Trondheim, Norway, with waste heat available from a nearby ice skating rink. Two alternative supply temperature levels have been evaluated with dynamic simulations: low temperature (40 °C), with direct utilization of waste heat and decentralized domestic hot water (DHW) production using heat pumps; and medium temperature (70 °C), applying a centralized heat pump to lift the temperature of the waste heat. The local network will be connected to the primary district heating network to cover the remaining heat demand. The simulation results show that with a medium temperature supply, the peak power demand is up to three times higher than with a low temperature supply. This results from the fact that the centralized heat pump lifts the temperature for the entire network, including space and DHW heating demands. With a low temperature supply, heat pumps are applied only for DHW production, which enables a low and even electricity demand. On the other hand, with a low temperature supply, the district heating demand is high in the wintertime, in particular if the waste heat temperature is low. The choice of a suitable supply temperature level for a local heating network is hence strongly dependent on the temperature of the available waste heat, but also on the costs and emissions related to the production of district heating and electricity in the different seasons.
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Ren, Jiao Long. "Pavement Performance of Asphalt Concrete Using Building Demolition Waste". Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (octubre de 2014): 574–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.574.

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In order to deeply analyze the feasibility of the application of building demolition waste on asphalt concrete, pavement performance of asphalt concrete using different content of building demolition waste was analyzed. Results show that: (1) the addition of building demolition waste increases the asphalt-aggregate ratio of asphalt concrete, and the asphalt-aggregate ratio increases 0.25% with the 10% increase of building demolition waste content; (2) the high-temperature stability of asphalt concrete improved significantly with the increase of building demolition waste content; (3) building demolition waste can improve the low-temperature crack resistance of asphalt concrete, and the optimum content is 30%~40%.
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Fomina, Natalya, Irina Pavlova y Maria Kochergina. "Industrial Waste as Components of Building Materials". E3S Web of Conferences 222 (2020): 04002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022204002.

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The possibilities of using large-tonnage waste from the Saratov region in the production of building materials are analysed. Waste was investigated: phosphogypsum - waste from the production of mineral fertilizers; steel-making slag, limestone crushing waste, construction waste (crushed concrete). The extraction of strontium and rare-earth metals from phosphogypsum is substantiated, followed by its processing into products that solidify according to the non-hydration principle, or use in the compositions of expanding cements. The development of geopolymer binders of alkaline activation based on steel-making slags is proposed. The introduction of low water demand carbonate cements into construction practice has been substantiated. Limestone crushing waste can be used as a carbonate mineral additive. The processing of crushed concrete waste into crushed stone, coarse sands and finely dispersed additives into cement concretes is considered. Technologies for processing large-tonnage waste in the production of building materials are environmentally sound and economically justified.
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Shekhorkina, S. Y., O. H. Zinkevych, Т. А. Kovtun-Horbachova y Y. V. Zhuk. "REVEALING TIMBER STRUCTURES POTENTIAL IN DECARBONIZATION OF LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS". Modern structures of metal and wood, n.º 27 (julio de 2023): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-3068-2023-27-28-34.

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The article presents the results of theoretical studies on embodied carbon for load-bearing wall structures prevailing in low-rise buildings consturction practice in order to reveal the potential of timber structures in decarbonization of the construction sector. Seven types of wall structures were considered in the study. CO2 emissions were determined using the environmental product declarations for relevant materials considering sequential life-cycle stages (raw material supply, production and transportation of building products, construction process, building waste transportation and disposal) with regard to recycling benefits. A lightweight timber framed wall panel was shown to have minimum carbon emissions at each life-cycle stage leading to lowest total carbon embodied
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Tesis sobre el tema "Low waste building"

1

Xu, Xuan. "Earthquake protection of low-to-medium-rise buildings using rubber-soil mixtures". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43224192.

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Xu, Xuan y 许旋. "Earthquake protection of low-to-medium-rise buildings using rubber-soil mixtures". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43224192.

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Svensson, Klas y Jonas Wallenskog. "Low Temperature Waste Heat Solutions : with proposals for energy technological actions based on Scania’s building 64". Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Energy Systems, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-28211.

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The report comprises two separate parts:

  • part 1:  Temperature needs for district heating in the paint shop for axles in building 210
  • part 2:  Energy and low temperature waste heat solutions in heating and cooling systems for   building 64 with surroundings

The paint shop for axles in part 1 has air quality requirements in places for coating of axles. Toachieve desired air properties there are different process ventilation systems, which consist ofventilation coils for heating and cooling, plus air humidifier. The ventilations coils for heating usedistrict heating. Today the ventilation coils use water of 100°C to achieve necessary air demands inthe coating boxes. This part of the report investigates whether the existing system would achievethe air requirements with a water temperature of 75°C instead of 100°C in the ventilation coilsduring the coldest parts of the year. The conclusion is that it is not possible; the existing system isadjusted for a water temperature of 100°C to achieve the air requirements. To use a watertemperature of 75°C, more or major ventilation coils are needed.

The focus of the report is at part 2. In this part, possibilities for low temperature waste heatsolutions are investigated. Those partly aim at specific local solutions for building 64 withsurroundings and on the other part of general waste heat solutions for new buildings andreconstructions in the future. To make these parts possible, the systems for heating and cooling inbuilding 64 have been identified. During this identification, potential savings that are not of wasteheat character have also been observed.

The most profitable saving concerns the control of temperature for the inner hardening vat. It isthe hardening vat for gas carburizing oven SV16838 that has been studied in this report. Today thetemperature of the hardening vat is controlled very ineffective. The conclusion is that a betteradjustment of the controller would save 180 000 SEK/year with a pay off time around two months.Worth mentioning (SV16838 included), is that there are at least five similar gas carburizing ovens atthe Scania area in Södertälje.

A pinch analysis has also been done for building 64, with it’s primarily conclusion that the groundheating is violating the pinch rules during long periods of the year. To remedy the ground heatingwill only need a different control and will lead to a saving between 20 000 – 75 000 SEK/year. Tomore accurate determine the saving, an investigation of the ground heating during winter time isneeded. Another conclusion concerning the pinch analysis is that the method for a real scenariorather shows the potential of the system than gives you an optimal solution possible to implement.More actions are to use the exhaustions of the endo gas generators and that the washing andrinsing systems if possible not should be heated with electricity. The exhaustions from the endo gasgenerators have a very high temperature, more then 300°C. If these, instead of hot water boilers,could warm the closely located water for the LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) evaporation, 125 000SEK/year can be saved. Today the hot water boilers are heated with electricity. If the washing andrinsing systems existing electricity heating instead can be heated with secondary heat (˜ districtheating), a save of 500 000 SEK/year is possible.

For waste heat solutions there are a few different approaches. Close to building 64, the largestpotential to use waste heat is in building 62 and 75, where air heaters are assessed with the largestpotential. In difference to other investigated buildings, building 210 has the possibility to use wasteheat even during the summer. This building is located 1 km from building 64. To use waste water inbuilding 210, a complex net of waste heating will be required where several buildings with asurplus of waste heat can be connected. A net like this has calculated pipe costs of 5, 2 million SEK.The saving for the use of waste heat only in building 210 will be around 1,4 million SEK/year. Thissave corresponds to the air handling systems that occur in part 1.

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Aigbomian, Eboziegbe Patrick. "Development of wood-crete building material". Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13445.

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Main concerns in the building industry includes the development of alternative building materials that reduces the amount of energy spent during manufacturing process and easier to work with. Wood-crete is a composite material developed in this study, made up of wood waste (sawdust), paper, tradical lime and water. Wood-crete is developed to provide an alternative material in construction solving problems associated with the delivery of low-cost housing across all income earners, reducing the amount of energy spent during manufacturing process of construction materials and the ease with which these construction materials are developed and solve issues related to waste management. This thesis presents the processing technologies, factors which affect the performance and properties of wood-crete. Wood-crete properties were found to be closely related to the composition of the constituent elements though compressive strength and modulus of elasticity were low when compared to other building materials like concrete and steel. In a bid to improve the strength of the developed wood-crete, the properties were investigated based on the modification of sawdust by hot water boiling and alkaline treatments which help to modify cellulose fibre surface to reduce the hydrophilic nature of sawdust thereby improving the sawdust-matrix bonding. It was found that the surface modification, processing of cellulosic fibril and the extraction of lignin and hemi-cellulosic compounds with alkali had an effect on the compressive strength of wood-crete, with treating sawdust with 4% NaOH at 140mins of boiling time achieving the highest compressive strength and boiling sawdust from 100mins to 140mins had a gradual increase in compressive strength but reduced at higher boiling time. Furthermore, treating sawdust with NaOH more than 4% weakened the individual wood particles thus leading to poor strength of wood-crete. Additionally, the properties of wood-crete were investigated based on the type of wood sawdust – hardwood (beech and oak) and softwood (pine and cedar). Apart from individual wood density having a significant effect on the density of wood-crete, other factors such as lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose contents including fibre length of individual wood species affect the strength properties of wood-crete. The compressive strength of wood-crete was closely related to the wood species, with highest compressive strength of 3.93MPa recorded for hardwood wood-crete compared to 1.37MPa and 0.26MPa of wood-crete from softwood and mixed wood respectively. Results from thermal conductivity tests on wood-crete also show that wood-crete blocks can be produced with good insulating properties for building construction. Addition of different types of paper fibres to reduce the density of wood-crete and improve the insulating properties of composite developed also had a dominant influence on both strength and thermal conductivity, reflecting its effect on the structure of composite and contribution of self strength of paper fibres. The addition of various percentages of waste paper (de-fibred) had a significant influence on the thermal conductivity of wood-crete with 75% addition of waste paper achieving a thermal conductivity value of 0.046W/mK performed with the TCi thermal conductivity analyser. Thermal conductivity results for wood-crete made from hardwood and softwood sawdust was closely related to the chemical composition of various wood species, with softwood wood-crete having about 20% lower thermal conductivity compared to hardwood wood-crete. The developed wood-crete was able to withstand impact load and considered, like hempcrete, most suitable for wall panelling or other non- and semi-structural applications with good thermal insulating properties. Findings of this study provides an alternative new material for the construction industry and an important background for achieving better strength of wood-crete, choosing what type of sawdust to be used for development of wood-crete and for directing a better use of this potential material with very small embodied energy and carbon negative.
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5

Brewis, Chandre. "Quantifying the environmental dimension of sustainability for the built environment : with a focus on low-cost housing in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20298.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sustainability is difficult to achieve in a world where population and economic growth leads to increased production of greenhouse gases, resource depletion and waste generation. Today, the environmental dimension of sustainability, which is more commonly known as the natural environment, and the construction industry are two terms often mentioned together. In Europe, 12.4 % of greenhouse gas emissions are induced by the construction and manufacturing industry (Maydl, 2004). Also, 50 % of the resources extracted are used in the construction industry and more than 25 % of waste generated is construction and demolition waste. In South Africa, the building sector accounts for approximately 23 % of the total greenhouse gas emissions (Milford, 2009). Furthermore, 60 % of investment is made in the residential sector where 33 % of the building stock is the focus of the government’s Housing Programme. It is seen that the construction industry significantly impacts the natural environment and the aim should be to reduce this negative impact. Within the local residential sector, the low-cost housing sector presents potential when it comes to sustainable improvements. Each of the three spheres of sustainability, namely economy, natural environment and society, plays a crucial role in this sector. Various studies have been done on the economical and social fields, but little information exists on the impact low-cost houses have on the environment. A need arises to scientifically quantify the environmental impact hereof, therefore it is chosen as the focus of this study. Various methods in order to determine the environmental impact of the built environment exist globally, but they tend to be complex, are used in conjunction with difficult to understand databases and require expensive software. A need for a local quantification method with which to determine the environmental impact of the built environment, more specifically low-cost housing, has been identified. A simple and easy-to-use analysis-orientated quantification method is proposed in this study. The quantification method is compiled with indicators related to the local conditions; these include Emissions, Resource Depletion and Waste Generation. The end objective is to provide the user with an aggregated total value called the Environmental Impact Index to ease comparison of possible alternatives. The quantification method is developed as a mathematical tool in the form of a partial Life Cycle Assessment which can aid in objective decision making during the conception and design phase of a specific project. Note that only the Pre-Use Phase of the building life cycle is considered during the assessment, but can be extended to include the Use Phase and End-of-Life Phase. The proposed method has the capability of calculating and optimising the environmental impact of a building. Regarding low-cost housing, different housing unit designs can be compared in order to select the best alternative. The quantification method is implemented for two low-cost house design types in this study. Firstly, the conventional brick and mortar design is considered whereafter a Light Steel Frame Building is viewed as an alternative. The model implementation demonstrates that the model operates in its supposed manner. Also, Light Steel Frame Building housing units are shown to be worth investigating as an alternative to the conventional brick and mortar design but should be confirmed with a more accurate Life Cycle Assessment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In ’n wêreld waar toenemende ekonomiese en bevolkingsgroei veroorsaak dat al hoe meer kweekhuisgasse voortgebring word, hulpbronne uitgeput word en groter hoeveelhede rommel geproduseer word, is dit ’n bykans onbegonne taak om volhoubaarheid te probeer bereik. Volhoubaarheid rakende die natuurlike omgewing en konstruksie is twee terme wat vandag dikwels saam genoem word. Ongeveer 12.4 % van die kweekhuisgasse wat in Europa vrygestel word kom uit die konstruksie- en vervaardigingbedrywe (Maydl, 2004). Die konstruksiebedryf gebruik ook bykans die helfte van hulpbronne wat ontgin word en meer as 25 % van rommel word deur konstruksie of sloping produseer. Die Suid-Afrikaaanse boubedryf is verantwoordelik vir 23 % van die totale hoeveelheid kweekhuisgasse wat die land vrystel. Die behuisingsektor, waar die regering aan die hoof van 33 % van eenhede staan, ontvang 60 % van bestaande beleggings (Milford, 2009). Dit is dus duidelik dat die boubedryf ’n negatiewe impak op die natuurlike omgewing het en dat dit van groot belang is om dié situasie te verbeter. In die behuisingsektor het lae-koste-behuising groot potensiaal as dit kom by volhoubaarheid. Volhoubaarheid bestaan uit drie sfere: ekonomie, natuurlike omgewing en sosiaal, en al drie speel ’n betekenisvolle rol in lae-koste-behuising. Daar is reeds verskeie studies aangepak om die ekonomiese en sosiale sfere te beskryf, maar daar is steeds min inligting beskikbaar oor die omgewingsimpak van ’n lae-koste-huis. Dit laat die behoefte ontstaan om hierdie impak te kwantifiseer. Bestaande metodes wat wêreldwyd gebruik word om ʼn omgewingsimpak te bepaal is dikwels besonder kompleks en benodig duur sagteware tesame met ingewikkelde databasisse om dit te implementeer. ’n Behoefte aan ’n plaaslike kwantifiseringsmetode is geïdentifiseer. Hierdie studie stel ’n eenvoudige, gebruikersvriendelike kwantifiseringsmetode bekend. Dit word saamgestel uit faktore wat verband hou met die plaaslike omgewing: Uitlaatgasse, Hulpbronuitputting en Rommelvervaardiging. Uiteindelik word ’n saamgestelde waarde, wat die Omgewingsimpak-indeks genoem word, bereken om vergelyking te vergemaklik. Hierdie kwantifiseringsmetode word aan die hand van ’n gedeeltelike lewenssiklus-analise as ’n wiskundige hulpmiddel ontwikkel. Slegs die eerste fase van ’n gebou se lewenssiklus word beskou tydens hierdie studie, maar dit is moontlik om die ander twee fases in te sluit. Die voorgestelde metode het die vermoë om die omgewingsimpak te bereken en ook te optimeer. Tydens die ontwerpsfase, wanneer belangrike besluite geneem moet word, kan so ’n hulpmiddel van enorme waarde wees om die beste opsie uit verskillende alternatiewe te help identifiseer. Die studie beskou twee tipes behuisingseenhede vir die doel van implementering van die kwantifiseringsmetode: die konvensionele baksteen en mortel metode en alternatiewelik ’n ligte staalraamwerk-gebou. Tydens implementering van die voorgestelde metode, demonstreer die model dat dit werk soos dit veronderstel is om te funksioneer. Verder is getoon dat ’n ligte staalraamwerk-gebou ’n waardevolle alternatief is om te ondersoek, maar dit moet liefs met ’n meer akkurate lewenssiklus-analise bevestig word.
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Androšević, Renata. "Vers les systèmes constructifs à faible production de déchets : l'enveloppe des bâtiments résidentiels du XXIème siècle en Bosnie-Herzégovine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PESC1005.

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Cette recherche est inspirée par des projets visionnaires visant à trouver une manière de créer un environnement construit qui aura un petit impact sur la nature et tous les êtres humains. Cela aidera tous les participants, lors du processus de la prise de décision, à prendre la meilleure option en choisissant le matériel/matériau, la technologie de construction et le système constructif, qui auront le moindre impact négatif sur l'environnement, en tenant compte de toutes les données nécessaires.En analysant les méthodes et les outils existants avec leurs avantages et leurs défauts, les recherches essaient de trouver une manière pour surmonter les obstacles identifiés.Les méthodologies existantes montrent l'importance de la prévision de l'impact sur l'environnement et peuvent montrer les différences entre les systèmes comparés, mais il leur manque la quantification des données.Approche proposée sa base sur une symbiose des méthodologies et des outils existants.La nouvelle méthode inclut l'évaluation du système de construction (y compris la comparaison et la classification) et la quantification de l'impact sur l'environnement. Cela fournit une image claire de l'impact du système choisi et facilite la prise de décision.A la fin du processus, l'on voit clair ce que l'on pourrait et devrait changer et améliorer pour aboutir à un meilleur résultat.Cette nouvelle méthode fourni la comparaison, l'évaluation et la quantification de la production des déchets de construction et contribue à la diminution de l'impact négatif sur l'environnement
This research is inspired by the visionary projects which are trying to find the way to create built environment with low impact on the nature and all living creatures, especially human beings. It will help decision making process for all stakeholders to choose the best option when considering the materials, building technologies and building systems, which will have the lowest negative environmental impact, providing all necessary data.Analysing the existing methods and tools with their barriers and opportunities, the research attempts to find the way to overcome observed obstacles.Existing methodologies point out the importance of environmental impact predictions and they can show the differences between compared systems. Existing tools give precise numerical data of environmental impact.The approach proposed here shows that symbiosis of methodologies and tools can give the result that reaches the goal - to achieve low or no waste building construction.The new method includes building system evaluation (with comparison and ranking) and quantification of environmental impact. This provides a picture of the chosen system's impact and facilitates decision making. At the end of the process, it is evidently clear what could and should be changed and upgraded in order to have better performance and lower impact.This new method provides comparison, evaluation and quantification in terms of generation of the construction waste and contributes in lowering negative environmental impact
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Kropáč, Pavel. "Recyklované kamenivo do asfaltových směsí pozemních komunikací". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226041.

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This thesis deals with the theoretical part of the creation, distribution and recycling of construction and demolition waste. Subsequently covers made from these recycled construction and demolition waste and its potential application in structural layers of the pavement. In the practical part of the thesis deals with monitoring the overall properties of nine asphalt mixtures with different proportion of recycled concrete aggregate and asphalt binder, which are designed and intended for bed asphalt pavement. The recycled concrete aggregate and asphalt are performed various laboratory tests, the results are subjected to a comparison with the relevant standards and TP 210. The conclusion is made price comparisons of asphalt mixtures.
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Biju, Bárbara Pavani. "Utilização do sistema de informação geográfica (SIG) na indicação de possíveis áreas aptas à disposição de resíduos de construção e de demolição". Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2015. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1328.

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CAPES
Os resíduos oriundos da construção e demolição quando não têm uma destinação final adequada acarretam em problemas de ordem social, econômica e ambiental. O descarte que muitas vezes acontece em locais inapropriados, demonstra a necessidade de áreas para a correta disposição final em acordo com as normas vigentes. Visando a diminuição dos impactos causados por esse tipo de resíduos, buscando atender a legislação pertinente, a indicação de áreas aptas à implantação de aterros de resíduos de construção e demolição ou aterro classe A faz-se necessária. Para isso, foi utilizada a ferramenta de Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), apoiada pela análise e decisão por multicritérios. O SIG utilizado como ferramenta base na identificação de possíveis áreas adequadas tem como vantagem: o baixo custo; maior rapidez no processo de tomada de decisão e a diversidade de cenários que podem ser analisados ao mesmo tempo, sendo de grande valia nas etapas de gerenciamento dos resíduos de construção e demolição. Integrando o SIG com a ferramenta de análise e tomada de decisão por multicritérios, tem-se como resultado a indicação de possíveis áreas aptas à implantação de aterros de construção civil e inertes para o Núcleo Central Urbano da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba.
The construction and demolition (C&D) waste when do not have a proper final disposal; result in social, economic and environmental problems. The disposal often happens in inappropriate locations and demonstrates the necessity of adequate areas for the waste final disposal but also the selected site must be in accordance with local standards and regulations. Considering all these facts, the aim of this work is to indicate possible suitable areas for C&D waste landfill, using the Geographic Information System (GIS) tool, supported by Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The GIS used as a basic tool to identify possible suitable areas has several advantages: low cost; faster decision-making process and various scenarios can be analyzed simultaneously, being a valuable tool in all the construction and demolition waste management steps. Integrating GIS with MCDA has resulted in the indication of possible suitable areas for C&D waste disposal, having as a study area the Urban Central Core of Metropolitan Region of Curitiba. Keywords: Geographic Information System. Co
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Liu, Ying-Cong y 劉穎聰. "Examining Building of Low Environmental Impact Housing Reduces Waste Appraisal--Case Study of the Green Building of Nantou Housing Project". Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69191216292987953115.

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碩士
大葉大學
設計研究所
92
After 9/21 Chi-Chi earthquake disaster. The reconstruction will end finish on the fourth anniversary. Many who experienced heavy losses, including their homes, will also be re-housed in the new construction style, because the reconstruction process just happened to coincide with the initial stage of the domestic green construction development. Many green constructions extend approach involving the new domestic housing block plans built to approved green standards. The need to avoid worsening environmental pressures due to previous intensive industrial development was kept in mind was uppermost in designers’ minds This research investigates our national green construction industry to assess "EEWH" the waste reduction system. Waste Reduction is the appraisal method, by which the carbon dioxide decrement and the brings the environment back into balance, this research discusses whether the new Taiwanese construction process achieves the goal of a low environmental loading. As well as the research techniques, whichare part of the rationale, the study carries on the carbon dioxide decrement, and reject decrementsin the related literature discussion; However the research analysis used material obtained from 29 investigations into new-built housing. By using narration statistics the method carries on a thorough analysis, seeking to understand how the new-built housing measures up to the construction standards. This study also made some useful discoveries and suggests improvements. Experimental results reveal first, that the construction industry does not view ecological and green construction standards appropriately and induces, the classification by took of basic data the following research, The study also introduces a classification system which aims at reducing the target group of waste products by obtaining further analytical results and finally produces suggestions for dealing with waste products in the future. It is hoped that if time allows more thorough research this study will become the basis of a complete reference work.
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Smith, Lianna. "Building and characterizing low sulfide instrumented waste rock piles: Pile design and construction, particle size and sulfur characterization, and initial geochemical response". Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4659.

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A rigorous laboratory and field study to measure and compare low sulfide waste rock and drainage characteristics at various scales has been designed and implemented. The field study was constructed at the Diavik diamond mine in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Three well-instrumented, 15 m high test piles and three sets of 2 m scale experiments were constructed from run of mine waste rock. Diavik waste rock is comprised of granite and metasedimentary biotite schist country rock. The biotite schist contains the sulfide minerals, principally pyrrhotite. Diavik segregates waste rock based on sulfur content. One test pile contains waste rock with 0.035 wt. % S, within the operational sulfur target of < 0.04 wt. % S for lower sulfur waste rock designation. The second pile contains waste rock with 0.053 wt. % S, lower than the operational sulfur target of > 0.08 wt. % S for the higher sulfur waste rock designation. The third pile contains a core of 0.082 wt. % S waste rock which is within the operational sulfur target of > 0.08 wt. % S for the higher sulfur waste rock. The third pile has been re-contoured and capped by a 1.5 m of till and 3 m of lower sulfide waste rock as per the current reclamation plan for the higher sulfide waste rock pile. The test piles were built using standard end-dumping and push-dumping methods. Instrumentation was installed at the base of each pile and on four angle of repose tip faces, as well as in the covers of the third pile. Instrumentation was selected to measure matrix flow, pore water and bulk pile geochemistry, gas-phase oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, temperature evolution, microbiological populations, permeability to air, and thermal conductivity, and to resolve mass and flow balances. Instruments were designed to permit measurements at multiple scales. During pile construction samples of the < 50 mm fraction of waste rock were collected. The samples were analysed for sulfur content and particle size distribution. Particle size distributions for the lower and higher sulfur waste rock are similar but the higher sulfur waste rock has a higher proportion of fines. Particle size distributions for both waste rock types suggest the piles have rock-like characteristics rather than soil-like characteristics. Sulfur concentrations vary with the scale of measurement: concentrations of smaller size fractions are higher than larger size fractions. Acid-base accounting using standard methods and site-specific mineralogical information suggest that the waste rock is acid generating. However, when acid-base accounting is compared to effluent pH and alkalinity, the data suggest these calculations may be conservative. Drainage effluent from the higher sulfide test pile was measured for field parameters (pH, Eh, alkalinity) and dissolved cations, anions and nutrients. The geochemical equilibration model MINTEQA2 was used to interpret potential geochemical controls on solution chemistry. The pH decreases to < 5, concomitant with the minimum alkalinity of < 1 mg L-1 (as total CaCO3), suggesting all available alkalinity is consumed by acid-neutralizing reactions. Sulfate concentrations reach 1995 mg L-1. Calculated saturation indices of Al (oxy)hydroxides and Al hydroxysulfate species, and pH suggest Al oxyhydroxide dissolution is buffering pH at times. Concentrations of Fe (< 0.37 mg L-1), Fe (II) and calculated saturation indices of Fe(III) (oxy)hydroxide species suggests that Fe is predominantly Fe(III) and Fe is being controlled by secondary mineral precipitation. The dissolved trace metals Mn (<19.2 mg L-1), Ni (<10.4 mg L-1), Co (<1.8 mg L-1), Zn (<0.9 mg L-1), Cd (<0.015 mg L-1) and Cu (<0.05 mg L-1) show increasing trends in the effluent water. No dissolved trace metals appear to have secondary mineral controls. Elevated SO4, Al, Fe dissolved metals Ni, Co, Zn, Cd and Cu, and depressed pH values suggest sulfide mineral oxidation is occurring in the test pile containing 0.053 wt. % S.
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Libros sobre el tema "Low waste building"

1

Russ, George D. Low level radioactive waste: Building a perspective. Bethesda, MD (7101 Wisconsin Ave., Bethesda 20814-4891): Public Affairs and Information Program, Atomic Industrial Forum, 1986.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear cleanup: DOE should reevaluate waste disposal options before building new facilities : report to the Secretary of Energy. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.

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Bundy, Kathryn Holly. The complete guide to alternative home building materials & methods: Including sod, compressed earth, plaster, straw, beer cans, bottles, cordwood, and many other low cost materials. Ocala, Fla: Atlantic Pub. Group, 2008.

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Nunan, Jon. The complete guide to alternative home building materials & methods: Including sod, compressed earth, plaster, straw, beer cans, bottles, cordwood, and many other low cost materials. Ocala, Fla: Atlantic Pub. Group, 2010.

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New York (State). Governor (1983-1994 : Cuomo), New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Environmental Conservation, New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Standing Committee on Energy, New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Committee on Health, New York (State). Legislature. Senate. Standing Committee on Energy, New York (State). Legislature. Senate. Committee on Environmental Conservation y New York (State). Legislature. Senate. Health Committee, eds. Public hearing on low level radioactive waste management in New York State: Legislative Office Building, Albany, New York, Roosevelt Hearing Room, Wednesday, May 22, 1985, 1:30 p.m. New York: EN-DE Reporting Services, 1985.

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Nunan, Jon. The complete guide to alternative home building materials & methods: Including sod, compressed earth, plaster, straw, beer cans, bottles, cordwood, and many other low cost materials. Ocala, Fla: Atlantic Pub. Group, 2009.

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S, Napolitano Dominic y United States. Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board., eds. Low-level waste disposal policy for Department of Energy defense nuclear facilities. [Washington, DC: Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, 1994.

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Energy, Ontario Ministry of Environment and. A guide to source separation of recyclable materials for industrial, commercial and institutional sectors and multi-unit residential buildings, as required under Ontario regulation 103/94. Toronto: Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.

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Ontario. Ministry of Environment and Energy. A guide to source separation of recyclable materials for industrial, commercial and institutional sectors and multi-unit residential buildings, as required under Ontario regulation 103/94. Toronto: Ministry of Environment and Energy, 1995.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Hazardous Wastes and Toxic Substances. Implementation of the Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act: Joint hearing before the Subcommittees on Hazardous Wastes and Toxic Substances and Superfund and Environmental Oversight of the Committee on Environment and Public Works, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session, March 15, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Low waste building"

1

Kashyap, Hillol, Fazlur Rahman, Nishat Tashnim, Kaushik Kashyap, Shubam Deb y Debshri Swargiary. "Experimental Study on Low-Cost and Lightweight Building Materials Developed Using Waste Materials". En Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 111–18. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-4362-3_12.

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Cheon, Kyungah, Chong Zhang, Xuepeng Qian y Weisheng Zhou. "Building a Recycling-Oriented Society Through Collaboration Between Urban and Rural Areas: Sustainable Domestic Waste Treatment “Pujiang Model”". En East Asian Low-Carbon Community, 321–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4339-9_18.

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Bao, Hanzhe y Zidong Liu. "Manufacturing Process of Recycling Corn Fiber, A Low-tech Materials for Modular Construction". En Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 408–17. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_34.

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AbstractThe research demonstrates a novel approach to using various parts of maize plants (leaves, fruits, and kernels) to create building materials that can be modularized for construction purposes. Corn is widely grown as an agricultural crop, but after the removal of the fruit, the remaining parts are often discarded and contribute significantly to environmental pollution. Currently, only a few companies are engaged in the recycling of maize into building materials. However, existing methods of recycling corn have various limitations such as high energy consumption, a requirement for skilled workers on-site, and extensive equipment needs. In this project, we aim to reduce reliance on equipment, skilled craftsmanship and material resources to make the design compatible with traditional building methods for low-income areas. We first analyzed the material properties of each part of the corn and found corn husks to be the most efficient for extraction. Additionally, we obtained adhesives from the waste fruit. Finally, we designed assembly units and assembled two sturdy and reliable chairs to verify the feasibility of our workflow. The low technical, equipment, and cost requirements of this material make it possible for modular construction to be replicated in local communities, thus promoting community participation and self-management in construction.
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Gonzalez, R. E., M. T. Stephens, C. Toma, K. J. Elwood y D. Dowdell. "Post-earthquake Demolition in Christchurch, New Zealand: A Case-Study Towards Incorporating Environmental Impacts in Demolition Decisions". En Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering, 47–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68813-4_3.

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AbstractThe 2010/2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence resulted in severe loss and disruption in Christchurch, New Zealand due to liquefaction and damage from strong shaking. Following the earthquake, over 60% of concrete buildings with 3 + stories in the Christchurch CBD were demolished, resulting in a widespread displacement of people and business, an excess of $NZD 40 billion in losses, and significant environmental impacts from the demolition. Following the event, it was revealed that environmental impacts were not a direct consideration in demolition decision making. This paper provides a quantitative evaluation of the environmental impacts of the demolitions in Christchurch to highlight the importance of including environmental considerations when deciding between repair or demolition of a damaged building. First, the quantitative and qualitative factors that led to the demolitions following the Canterbury Earthquake Sequence are discussed to provide context for the argument that environmental impacts should be included in such considerations. Next, the environmental impacts of building demolitions in Christchurch are presented in terms of the embodied CO2 and energy in the building materials; the demolition process and waste disposal are not considered in this initial evaluation. Finally, a brief discussion on incorporating environmental impacts into the demolition decision making paradigm is presented. Moreover, consideration of environmental impacts of demolitions supports the need to move toward low-damage design in the future evolution of building codes.
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Draganić, Suzana, Slobodan Šupić, Mirjana Laban, Mirjana Malešev, Vlastimir Radonjanin, Vesna Bulatović, Ivan Lukić y Olivera Bukvić. "Agricultural Biomass Ash as a Circular Building Material: Connecting Agriculture and Construction Industry". En Creating a Roadmap Towards Circularity in the Built Environment, 225–36. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45980-1_19.

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AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that agricultural biomass ash is an important resource with great potential for the construction sector. To valorize agricultural waste (as a renewable energy source and as a supplementary cementitious material—SCM), the crucial steps in the integrated management system of the circular economy cycle are the establishment and maintenance of database on crop production, namely, on harvest residues amount and quantity and quality of available biomass ash. The purpose of the study was to establish a multi-level georeferenced interactive database (map) on the produced quantities of agricultural biomass ash and cement consumption in Vojvodina region (Republic of Serbia), based on the analysis of agricultural biomass ash stream through three sectors as potential actors of the supply chain: agriculture (biomass producers)—industry (biomass users)—construction industry (users of biomass ash). Conducted research indicates the annual potential of over 2.4 million tons of harvest residues from corn, wheat, soya and sunflower, available for energy purposes in Vojvodina region. The potentially available amount of ash that might be generated annually by harvest residues combustion is estimated at over 196 thousand tons. Identified available amount of biomass ash (4.2 thousand tons) indicates an extremely low utilization (~2%) of the biomass potential. On an annual basis, all current agricultural biomass ash production can be used for partial cement substitution up to 30% in six construction companies. However, the generated ash is mostly disposed of in municipal landfills, which represents the end of the waste stream.
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Wang, Yuxuan, Yuran Liu, Riley Studebaker, Billie Faircloth y Robert Stuart-Smith. "Ceramic Incremental Forming–A Rapid Mold-Less Forming Method of Variable Surfaces". En Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication, 499–513. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8637-6_43.

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AbstractFollowing architectural practice’s widespread adoption of 3D modelling software, the digital design of free-form surfaces has enabled more heterogeneously organized architectural assemblies. However, fabricating envelope components with double-curved surface geometry have remained a challenge, involving significant machine time and material waste, and great expense to produce. This proof-of-concept project proposes a rapid, low-cost, and minimal-waste approach to forming double curved ceramic components through a novel approach to Ceramic Incremental Forming (CIF), using a 6-axis industrial robot, a passive flexible mold, and a custom ball-rolling tool. The approach is comparable to Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) that is used for forming complex shapes with metal sheets. This method promises to achieve high-quality, ceramic building envelope components, while eliminating the need to build proprietary molds for each shape and reducing the waste in the forming process. Compared with other architectural mold-less forming methods such as clay 3D printing, the approach is more time and material efficient, while being able to achieve similar levels of complexity. Thus, CIF may offer potential for further development and industrial applications.
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Wolf, Mario y Jochen Teizer. "Creation and Acceptance of Low-Threshold Mobile Training on Sustainability in Construction". En CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 34–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.04.

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Many recent developments in mixed reality applications are exploited for research on improving training in the construction industry. While immersive technologies offer indisputable advantages over classic paper- or multi-media-based training material, access to this kind of technology is still very limited in the academic world and even less widespread in industry. In this paper, the authors follow the current trend of creating low-threshold micro-learning nuggets, which are easily consumable on mobile devices but can be accessed in every web browser. This is essential to reach the construction trade workforces, which for the most part will own a smart or mobile device, but neither specialized equipment, nor will there be time or patience for a lengthy setup phase before learning content consumption. The learning content aims to give construction workers a clear vision of what some of the fundamental components of a sustainable construction site should look like and what role they play in achieving the said vision. The learning content revolves around the initial idea of DGNB certification (German: German Sustainable Building Council), waste management, certification of construction wood, handling of harmful substances and chemicals and some general health and safety regulations that impact the emission of dust, noise and vibration. The paper describes the general approach of the planning, orchestration of learning material, development of the learning nugget, and deployment, as well as a study for acceptance and user experience
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Wolf, Mario y Jochen Teizer. "Creation and Acceptance of Low-Threshold Mobile Training on Sustainability in Construction". En CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 34–45. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.04.

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Many recent developments in mixed reality applications are exploited for research on improving training in the construction industry. While immersive technologies offer indisputable advantages over classic paper- or multi-media-based training material, access to this kind of technology is still very limited in the academic world and even less widespread in industry. In this paper, the authors follow the current trend of creating low-threshold micro-learning nuggets, which are easily consumable on mobile devices but can be accessed in every web browser. This is essential to reach the construction trade workforces, which for the most part will own a smart or mobile device, but neither specialized equipment, nor will there be time or patience for a lengthy setup phase before learning content consumption. The learning content aims to give construction workers a clear vision of what some of the fundamental components of a sustainable construction site should look like and what role they play in achieving the said vision. The learning content revolves around the initial idea of DGNB certification (German: German Sustainable Building Council), waste management, certification of construction wood, handling of harmful substances and chemicals and some general health and safety regulations that impact the emission of dust, noise and vibration. The paper describes the general approach of the planning, orchestration of learning material, development of the learning nugget, and deployment, as well as a study for acceptance and user experience
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9

Passarelli, Rafael Novais. "Decarbonization Possibilities for Affordable Timber Houses. An LCA Comparison of Business as Usual and Circular Strategies". En Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 513–22. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57800-7_47.

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AbstractTo better understand the full impact of building materials and buildings over their lifetime and beyond, Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) studies have been an area of interest and a growing body of knowledge. Moreover, recent studies emphasize the critical importance of the end-of-life (EoL) scenario, particularly for wood-based construction, and highlight its potential for further decarbonization through circular strategies. However, there is a significant knowledge gap in the LCA literature regarding mitigation strategies specific to affordable housing options, despite the urgent and undeniable need for these typologies worldwide. This study contributes to filling this gap by conducting a materials-level, whole-building LCA of a prototype affordable single-family house built in 2020 using a business-as-usual wood-frame construction method. Besides the conventional as-built scenario, this study developed five hypothetical scenarios that evaluated the influence of different EoL options (recycling or energy recovery), enhanced circular strategies (reduce and reuse), and substitution of non-renewable materials with circular materials for insulation (wood fiber) and finishing (clay plaster), with the aim of identifying further opportunities and limitations for decarbonizing such a typology and construction method. The results of this study consistently indicated that the order of priority should be to (1) ensure appropriate end-of-life for metals and wood-based materials. (2) Replace non-renewable materials with renewable wood or earth-based materials. (3) Improve material reuse and construction waste diversion rates. The results of the study could support decision-making processes for the design and construction of low-impact affordable single-family homes and the development and implementation of affordable housing policies and regulations.
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Piferi, Claudio. "The Regulatory Apparatus at the Service of Sustainable Planning of the Built Environment: The Case of Law 338/2000". En The Urban Book Series, 417–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-29515-7_38.

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AbstractIt is wrongly assumed that the environmental sustainability of the building organism is only achievable thanks to the contribution of the systems and their ability to reduce harmful emissions and generate energy from alternative and natural sources. So, system projects have assumed an increasingly considerable importance both in terms of the quantity of documents and the cost of the building. The quantity and complexity of the most recent plant engineering solutions amplify the difficulty of dialogue between the different design levels (architectural, structural, and system design) forcing the professionals involved to compromise that end up disregarding the expected quality. Although it is now clear that the design levels must progress hand in hand from the first hypotheses, and that all must contribute equally to the overall sustainability of the intervention, this does not always happen by preferring to derogate from the system designers the choice of environmentally sustainable solutions. In summary, more and more, often we rely on the technical solutions of the machines used, rather than on the technological qualities of the project. This inevitably involves problems in the construction, operation, and eventual decommissioning phase of the building, especially in the public sphere where the low economic resources of the contracting stations are increasingly used in the purchase, maintenance, management, and disposal of plant engineering tools. A well-structured regulatory system can help to minimize these criticalities: this is the case of law 338, enacted in 2000 with the aim of increasing the availability of residences for university students, which is distinguished for the attention to the environmental issue, orienting the realization of accommodation places towards solutions able to contain waste, soil consumption, etc. The paper aims to describe and analyse the attention paid by the specific legislation to environmental sustainability.
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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Low waste building"

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Gruetzmacher, Kathleen M., Roland M. Bustos, Susan S. Ramsey, Steven C. Myers y Lucas E. Gallegos. "Using the HERCULES System to Segregate Room Trash From the LANL Plutonium Facility and CMR Building". En ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4975.

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The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Plutonium Facility (PF-4) and the Chemistry and Metallurgy Research (CMR) building are radiological facilities operated by the Nuclear Materials Technology (NMT) Division. Combined, these facilities generate approximately 262 m3 of low-level waste (LLW) per year of routine room trash from laboratories in radiological controlled areas (RCAs). It has been estimated that 50 to 90% of this low-density room trash is free of radioactive contamination and eligible for inclusion in LANL’s Green is Clean (GIC) program. GIC waste includes all non-regulated waste from RCAs that has been actively segregated as nonradioactive through the use of the waste generator’s acceptable knowledge (AK). The High Efficiency Radiation Counter for Ultimate Low Emission Sensitivity (HERCULES) system is one of several nondestructive assay (NDA) measurement systems used in the GIC program to verify the generator’s AK. This highly sensitive system is optimized to detect very small quantities of common LANL radionuclides, especially isotopes of plutonium, americium, and uranium. A pilot project was conducted in collaboration with NMT Division waste management personnel to determine which RCAs generate the greatest volumes of potential low-density GIC wastes. The HERCULES system was used to screen a portion of the low-density laboratory room trash that NMT shipped to LANL’s low-level waste disposal facility in a six-month period from October, 2002–March, 2003. This consisted of 1350 plastic lined cardboard boxes (0.305m × 0.305m × 0.610m) containing between 2.0–13.5 kg each of room trash. Results of the HERCULES screening indicate that with no active segregation attempts by the generator, 33% of the low-level waste boxes are free of radioactive contamination. An additional 42% of the boxes exhibited very low total activities and could probably become legitimate GIC wastes with active segregation employed during the waste generation process. Thus, the expansion of the GIC program to include low-density laboratory room trash could significantly reduce the total volume of LLW generated by NMT Division.
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Kabrhel, Michal. "Using the Heat from the Waste Water in Low Energy Building". En ISES Solar World Congress 2011. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/swc.2011.15.07.

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MILETIĆ, GERAN-MARKO, MATEA MILAK y MATEO ŽANIĆ. "BUILDING COMMUNITY TRUST IN THE PROCESS OF ESTABLISHING A LOW- AND INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE STORAGE FACILITY: THE CASE OF CROATIA". En WASTE MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT 2022. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wmei220131.

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Choi, Yun D., D. S. Hwang y U. S. Chung. "Decommissioning of a Uranium Conversion Plant and a Low Level Radioactive Waste for a Long Term Disposal". En ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16071.

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A decommissioning project for a uranium conversion plant was conducted to restore it to a safe environmental condition and minimal low level radioactive wastes which were converted to stable chemical forms for a long term disposal. In the middle of 2004, a decommissioning program for a conversion plant, which was constructed in 1982, and treated about 300 tons of natural uranium until it was shut down in 1992, obtained its approval from the regulatory body. Actual dismantling and decontaminating activities have been performed since July 2004 and will be finished by December 2009. The decommissioning works were mainly divided into two parts: the inside of the building containing the process equipments; the lagoon sludge generated during the plant operation. The decommissioning of the inside of the building was carried out by dismantling the process equipment, which were firstly segmented and decontaminated by polishing and washing with steam and chemicals or melting, and then decontamination for the surfaces inside the building by excavating or grinding the concrete walls. The decontamination goals were below 0.2Bq/g for the metallic segments and below 0.4Bq/cm2 for the concrete walls. Decontamination methods were selected according to the degree of contamination and a minimization of the low level radioactive wastes was conducted throughout the decommissioning work. The lagoon sludge waste had two types, one was an various inorganic nitrate salt mixture containing a very low concentration of uranium, about 200∼300ppm, in Lagoon-II and the other was an inorganic nitrate salt mixture containing a few percent of uranium in Lagoon-I. To treat these sludge wastes a thermal decomposition facility was constructed and operated to produce stable sludge wastes containing uranium oxides which are stable in the air. The final sludge wastes after a thermal treating for the sludge waste of Lagoon-I could be reused. The final residual radioactivity for the inside of the building will be measured to confirm a complete decontamination of the uranium to back ground level and then the building will be considered for another use.
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Qiu, P. y Y. Sakai. "Transforming low-quality sand into construction materials under 110ºC and Recycling of the Waste Solution". En 16th International Conference on Durability of Building Materials and Components. CIMNE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/c.dbmc.2023.006.

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Jiao, Shuangjian, Mengyang Cao y Yanjun Li. "Impact research of solid waste on the strength of low carbon building materials". En 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6058160.

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Sokcic-Kostic, M., F. Langer y R. Schultheis. "Measurement Methodology for Fulfilling of Waste Acceptance Criteria for Low and Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste in Storages". En ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59016.

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Low and intermediate level radioactive waste must be sorted and treated before it can be sent to radioactive waste storage. The waste must fulfil an extensive amount of acceptance criteria (WAC) to guarantee a safe storage period. NUKEM Technologies has a broad experience with the building and management of radioactive waste treatment facilities and has developed methods and equipment to produce the waste packages and to gather all the required information.
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Medvedev, Il'ya, D. Vorotnikov y S. Ishutin. "PROSPECTS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STRUCTURAL MATERIAL BASED ON LOW-VALUE WOOD AND POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE WASTE FOR LOW-RISE HOUSING CONSTRUCTION". En Ecological and resource-saving technologies in science and technology. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/erstst2021_150-154.

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Low-rise buildings represent a promising direction for the development of the affordable housing market in Russia. A low-rise building is understood as a residential object with a number of floors up to three floors. The market of townhouses, cottages, low-rise apartment buildings is gradually becoming a full-fledged part of the overall Russian real estate market. The availability of such housing for the middle class of Russian citizens contributes to solving the problem of housing security. For the effective implementation of the affordable low-rise housing program, it is proposed to use innovative structural material based on low-value soft hardwood and material from polyethylene terephthalate waste in the construction of housing. It is proposed to obtain the structural material according to the developed and patented technology on non-standard technological equipment.
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Calle, Carlos A. y Alfredo Luce. "CORA Project: Vitrification of Intermediate Level Liquid Radioactive Wastes in Saluggia ENEA Research Centre". En ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1318.

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Abstract The EUREX reprocessing pilot plant, at ENEA Research Centre, Saluggia (VC - Italy), stores 113 m3 of intermediate level liquid waste and 110 m3 of low level liquid waste, originating from the past reprocessing campaigns. Conditioning of the above wastes, for the purpose of final disposal, has been planned in a new installation for the solidification of both intermediate and low level wastes at Saluggia site. The installation, under design, has been named CORA Plant (COnditioning of RAdioactive wastes). Direct Vitrification process using cold crucible melter (CCM) developed by CEA of Marcoule, has been chosen as conditioning technology for a mix of most active wastes and cementation for secondary low level waste produced during vitrification. A boro-silicate glass matrix has been selected with a specific nominal chemical composition adapted to liquid waste matrix. Characterisation work of this specific glass is under progress. CORA has been presented to regulatory authority has a modification of a pilot reprocessing Eurex plant. Vitrification equipment and glass canister interim storage facility of CORA Plant will be housed inside the existing building of Eurex facility properly modified. Cementation unit inside a new building located in a near external yard. A description of the waste management scheme, as well as a brief description of adopted technologies, chemical glass composition and updated schedule of CORA project is presented in this paper.
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Rizza, James J. "Utilization of Low Temperature Waste Heat for Cold TES". En 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26117.

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This paper presents an advanced energy cogeneration system that utilizes low temperature waste heat in the range of 60°C to 95°C to produce cold thermal energy storage (TES). Since there is usually a temporal variance between the availability of low temperature waste heat and demand for commercial building air conditioning, a cold TES system is incorporated into this advance energy system. The proposed TES system uses a lithium bromide/water solution both as a refrigerant and as a cold thermal storage material. The cold storage material can be stored at ambient temperature without thermal insulation for an indefinite period of time without losing its charge, making it an ideal system for utilizing peaking system’s low temperature waste heat or to utilize low temperature waste heat during nocturnal operation of continuous generation systems at a time when there are usually low or minimal air conditioning requirements. The heat pump and waste heat is used to recover the thermal storage by reprocessing the stored lithium bromide weak solution to a higher concentration.
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Informes sobre el tema "Low waste building"

1

Newby, J. Safety assessment of building 800 low-level waste repacking. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10146631.

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Rigsby V.P. Environmental Management Waste Management Facility Proxy Waste Lot Profile 6.999 for Building K-25 West Wing, East Tennessee Technology Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febrero de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/964677.

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Eneroth, Hanna, Hanna Karlsson Potter y Elin Röös. Environmental impact of coffee, tea and cocoa – data collection for a consumer guide for plant-based foods. Department of Energy and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54612/a.2n3m2d2pjl.

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In 2020, WWF launched a consumer guide on plant-based products targeting Swedish consumers. The development of the guide is described in a journal paper (Karlsson Potter & Röös, 2021) and the environmental impact of different plant based foods was published in a report (Karlsson Potter, Lundmark, & Röös, 2020). This report was prepared for WWF Sweden to provide scientific background information for complementing the consumer guide with information on coffee, tea and cocoa. This report includes quantitative estimations for several environmental categories (climate, land use, biodiversity and water use) of coffee (per L), tea (per L) and cocoa powder (per kg), building on the previously established methodology for the consumer guide. In addition, scenarios of consumption of coffee, tea and cocoa drink with milk/plant-based drinks and waste at household level, are presented. Tea, coffee and cacao beans have a lot in common. They are tropical perennial crops traditionally grown in the shade among other species, i.e. in agroforestry systems. Today, the production in intensive monocultures has negative impact on biodiversity. Re-introducing agroforestry practices may be part of the solution to improve biodiversity in these landscapes. Climate change will likely, due to changes in temperature, extreme weather events and increases in pests and disease, alter the areas where these crops can be grown in the future. A relatively high ratio of the global land used for coffee, tea and cocoa is certified according to sustainability standards, compared to other crops. Although research on the implications of voluntary standards on different outcomes is inconclusive, the literature supports that certifications have a role in incentivizing more sustainable farming. Coffee, tea and cocoa all contain caffeine and have a high content of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, and they have all been associated with positive health outcomes. While there is a strong coffee culture in Sweden and coffee contributes substantially to the environmental impact of our diet, tea is a less consumed beverage. Cocoa powder is consumed as a beverage, but substantial amounts of our cocoa consumption is in the form of chocolate. Roasted ground coffee on the Swedish market had a climate impact of 4.0 kg CO2e per kg powder, while the climate impact of instant coffee powder was 11.5 kg CO2e per kg. Per litre, including the energy use for making the coffee, the total climate impact was estimated to 0.25 kg CO2e per L brewed coffee and 0.16 kg CO2e per L for instant coffee. Less green coffee beans are needed to produce the same amount of ready to drink coffee from instant coffee than from brewed coffee. Tea had a climate impact of approximately 6.3 kg CO2 e per kg dry leaves corresponding to an impact of 0.064 CO2e per L ready to drink tea. In the assessment of climate impact per cup, tea had the lowest impact with 0.013 kg CO2e, followed by black instant coffee (0.024 kg CO2e), black coffee (0.038 kg CO2e), and cocoa drink made with milk (0.33 kg CO2e). The climate impact of 1kg cocoa powder on the Swedish market was estimated to 2.8 kg CO2e. Adding milk to coffee or tea increases the climate impact substantially. The literature describes a high proportion of the total climate impact of coffee from the consumer stage due to the electricity used by the coffee machine. However, with the Nordic low-carbon energy mix, the brewing and heating of water and milk contributes to only a minor part of the climate impact of coffee. As in previous research, coffee also had a higher land use, water use and biodiversity impact than tea per L beverage. Another factor of interest at the consumer stage is the waste of prepared coffee. Waste of prepared coffee contributes to climate impact through the additional production costs and electricity for preparation, even though the latter was small in our calculations. The waste of coffee and tea at Summary household level is extensive and measures to reduce the amount of wasted coffee and tea could reduce the environmental impact of Swedish hot drink consumption. For the final evaluation of coffee and tea for the consumer guide, the boundary for the fruit and vegetable group was used. The functional unit for coffee and tea was 1 L prepared beverage without any added milk or sweetener. In the guide, the final evaluation of conventionally grown coffee is that it is ‘yellow’ (‘Consume sometimes’), and for organic produce, ‘light green’ (‘Please consume). The evaluation of conventionally grown tea is that it is ‘light green’, and for organic produce, ‘dark green’ (‘Preferably consume this’). For cocoa, the functional unit is 1 kg of cocoa powder and the boundary was taken from the protein group. The final evaluation of conventionally grown cocoa is that it is ‘orange’ (‘Be careful’), and for organically produced cocoa, ‘light green’.
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Bizer, Kilian y Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.

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The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.
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Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber y David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, marzo de 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.

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The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.
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Proposed low-level radioactive waste handling building at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/69427.

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Low-level waste drum staging building at Weapons Engineering Tritium Facility, TA-16, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico. Environmental Assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto de 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10175615.

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Design/Installation and Structural Integrity Assessment of Bethel Valley Low-Level Waste Collection and transfer system upgrade for Building 2649 (Transported Waste Receiving Facility) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/30459.

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Design/Installation and Structural Integrity Assessment of the Bethel Valley Low-Level Waste Collection and Transfer System Upgrade for Building 3544 (Process Waste Treatment Plant) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), diciembre de 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/481381.

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Design/installation and structural integrity assessment of Bethel Valley low-level waste collection and transfer system upgrade for Building 3092 (Central Off-Gas Scrubber Facility) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/34316.

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