Bibliografías temáticas / Low volume industry

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Low volume industry"

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Publicado: 4 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Low volume industry"

1

Williamson, I. "Low volume; high flexibility [automotive industry]". Manufacturing Engineer 84, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2005): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/me:20050607.

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Gan, Zhi Lon, Siti Nurmaya Musa y Hwa Jen Yap. "A Review of the High-Mix, Low-Volume Manufacturing Industry". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 3 (28 de enero de 2023): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031687.

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The high-mix, low-volume (HMLV) industry has seen growth in the need for product customisation with research to increase manufacturers’ flexibility for the variation in market demands. This paper reviews 152 documents from 2000 to October 2022, discussing work related to HMLV production. From an industrial perspective, this paper analyses the industries with HMLV, revealing production sectors and research areas, categorising the developed work, type of validation, and applications. The results show that most work is not industry-specific, with production planning as the central aspect of the research. While other parts of the production processes and value chain received less attention, the semiconductor and electronics industries are the two most researched with substantial validation, leaving gaps in other industries. Earlier work primarily focused on the theoretical development of production planning; however, the development of Industry 4.0 technologies advocates decision support systems for reactive production planning. This period sees the rise in robotics and automation, with improved robotics capability and human—robot collaboration. Assembly assistance systems were developed for manual production to aid operators in managing the variety of information. This paper serves as a reference for the HMLV manufacturing industry in a structured manner while identifying potential for future research in this field.
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3

Karania, Ruchi y David Kazmer. "Low Volume Plastics Manufacturing Strategies". Journal of Mechanical Design 129, n.º 12 (31 de enero de 2007): 1225–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2790978.

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Plastic components are vital components of many engineered products, frequently representing 20–40% of the product value. While injection molding is the most common process for economically producing complex designs in large quantities, a large initial monetary investment and extended development time are required to develop appropriate tooling. For applications with lower or unknown production quantities, designers may prefer another process that has a lower development cost and lead time albeit with higher marginal costs and production times. A methodology is presented that assists the designer to select the most appropriate manufacturing process that trades off the total production costs with production lead times. The approach is to develop aggregate component cost and lead-time models as a function of production quantity from extensive industry data for an electrical enclosure consisting of two components. Binding quotes were secured from multiple suppliers for a variety of manufacturing processes including computer numerical control machining, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, vacuum casting, direct fabrication, and injection molding with soft prototype and production tooling. The methodology yields a Pareto optimal set that compares the production costs and lead times as a function of the production quantity. The results indicate that the average cost per enclosure assembly is highly sensitive to the production quantity, with average costs varying by more than a factor of 100 for production quantities varying between 100 and 10,000 assemblies. Each of the processes is competitive with respect to total production cost and total production lead time under differing conditions; a flow chart is provided as an example of a decision support tool that can be provided to assist process selection during the product development process and thereby reduce the product development time and cost.
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4

Stelinski, Lukasz L., Michael E. Rogers y Jamie D. Burrow. "Understanding Low Volume Application Technology: An Emerging Technology in the Citrus Industry". EDIS 2010, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2010): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-in840-2009.

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This 2-page illustrated trifold brochure describes this new application technology that has raised questions and concerns within the citrus industry. Written by Lukasz Stelinski, Michael Rogers, and Jamie Burrow (Yates), and published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, September 2009.
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5

Bogue, Robert. "The changing face of the automotive robotics industry". Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 49, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2022): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-01-2022-0022.

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Purpose This study aims to provide an insight into recent technological developments and applications that are driving growth and change in the automotive robotics sector. Design/methodology/approach Following a short introduction which provides a commercial perspective, this study discusses the role of collaborative robots and provides examples of applications. It then considers robotic three-dimensional (3D) printing and artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled robots. This is followed by a discussion of the impact of the burgeoning electric vehicle sector. Finally, brief conclusions are drawn. Findings This study shows that the automotive robotics sector is growing more rapidly than vehicle production volumes due to factors which include the move to vehicle electrification, the growing use of cobots, 3D printing, which is moving from specialist and low volume to high volume component production, and the advent of AI-enabled robots. Originality/value This study provides details of the factors driving the automotive robotics market by discussing a selection of emerging applications and developments.
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6

Shvets, I. V., S. Makarov, C. Franken, A. Shvets, D. Sweeney y J. Osing. "Spot-on™ Technology for Low Volume Liquid Handling". JALA: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Automation 7, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2002): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00233-3.

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The article describes the new proprietary spot-on™ technology developed by Allegro Technologies, Ltd., for nanolitre and microlitre dispensing of liquids for the drug discovery, genomics and proteomics industries. We analyze the requirements of the drug discovery industry for low volume liquid handling technologies and briefly summarize some the more common technologies currently available. A detailed description is provided of the new spot-on™ technology in terms of function and operation as well as the relevant features and potential benefits to using this new method of nanolitre dispensing.
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7

Sozanskyy, Lyubomyr y Liudmyla Koval. "Key trends in the development of mechanical engineering in Ukraine". Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Poznaniu 94, n.º 3 (5 de mayo de 2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8441.

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The article presents an analysis of the state of and trends in the Ukrainian mechanical engineering industry based on selected key economic indicators. The industry is characterised by unstable, negative dynamics and falling production volumes, a rapid decrease in the volume and share of implemented innovative products, a significant reduction in the number of manufactured motor vehicles, an insignificant volume of high-tech products, a reduction in capital investments and a high level of depreciation of fixed tangible assets, extremely low labour productivity, a rapid decline in the number of employed workers, relatively low wages, a deterioration of the external balance. The authors view the current economic trends as destructive systemic changes that can significantly affect not only the activity of the machine-building industry but of the country as a whole. They highlight the critical state of the domestic mechanical engineering industry caused by a long period of inaction on the part of the state as regards the development of this industrial sector, which is only exacerbated by the military and hybrid aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The authors propose ways of overcoming these negative tendencies.
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8

Laponov, S. V., S. P. Ivanov y A. N. Erushonkov. "The relevance of the use of low-volume rotary disk mixers". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2388, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 012152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2388/1/012152.

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Abstract In the presented work, a description of the principle of operation of a rotary-disk mixer is given. The author notes that in industry the designs of a rotary-disk mixer with smooth disks having additional elements rigidly fixed in the form of blades or teeth of various shapes are most widely used in industry. The description of 4 developed constructions of working disks with structural differences is given. An experimental proof of the effectiveness of the use of additional working bodies is given. It is noted that the latter lead to the emergence of new highly turbulent flows of the processed medium, which has a positive effect on the processes of emulsification and dispersion. It is shown that with an increase in the proportion of the dispersed phase in a stirred medium, the average size of the droplets of the dispersed phase increases. This is explained by an increase in the concentration of the dispersed phase and the frequency of collisions of droplets of dispersed particles, which lead to coalescence. It has been established that the size of the particles of the dispersed phase decreases inversely with the rotor speed and the increase in the dissipation energy.
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Hand, Adam J. T., Prathapan Ragavan, Nicole G. Elias, Elie Y. Hajj y Peter E. Sebaaly. "Evaluation of Low Volume Roads Surfaced with 100% RAP Millings". Materials 15, n.º 21 (25 de octubre de 2022): 7462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217462.

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The sustainability of roadway construction has rapidly been gaining attention within the pavement industry. The pavements examined in this study are in a Northern Nevada county with many of the roadways categorized as low volume roads. The county began surfacing rural roads with 100% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) millings, without any design considerations for decades. These pavements have provided satisfactory performance with little to no maintenance for their intended purpose for 25–30 years. The presented research revealed RAP milling surfaced roads with layer coefficients between 0.18 and 0.30, and design thicknesses ranging from 5 to 11 inches.
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10

Tenthorey, Eric, Ian Taggart, Aleksandra Kalinowski y Jason McKenna. "CO2-EOR+ in Australia: achieving low-emissions oil and unlocking residual oil resources". APPEA Journal 61, n.º 1 (2021): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20076.

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The petroleum industry, through the production and consumption of oil and gas, contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. However, the industry’s leadership and experience in underground injection and storage of CO2, especially through CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR), which has been proposed as a possible solution to reducing atmospheric CO2 levels, has not been well acknowledged. Unlike traditional CO2-EOR, which tends to be a net carbon emitter due to the use of predominantly natural CO2, rather than anthropogenic, CO2-EOR+ focuses on storing a larger volume of CO2. Thus CO2-EOR+ not only provides a potential solution to dispose of anthropogenic emissions but at the same time reduces reliance on imported oil through increased domestic production. Increased industry interest and energy policy strategies directed at reducing and/or removing emissions from industry processes reflect the growing social and economic impetus to improve operation practices and the petroleum industry’s reputation. Residual oil zones (ROZs) below identified oil–water contacts provide an excellent target for the application of CO2-EOR+. They offer a producible residual oil resource accessible through CO2-EOR, as well as a large pore volume for CO2 storage, with efforts focused on converting ROZs into resources and reserves. Existing fields in the Surat and Cooper-Eromanga Basins are already well placed to utilise anthropogenic CO2 sources to achieve conventional CO2-EOR metrics. The ROZs in these basins will hopefully allow potential EOR projects to increase the CO2 volumes stored, per incremental barrel of oil, well past traditional levels (0.2–0.3 tCO2/bbl), and in doing so, potentially achieve net negative-emission oil.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Low volume industry"

1

Chan, Hoi Ying. "Designing a fabric planning process for low volume orders in apparel industry /". View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?IELM%202007%20CHAN.

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Surbier, Laurène. "Problem and interface characterization during ramp-up in the low volume industry". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00688238.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la phase de montée en cadence dans le contexte de l’industrie de faible volume. Nos travaux se fondent sur des études de cas réalisées à Siemens ETHS, une entreprise produisant des disjoncteurs haute tension. Nous nous sommes tout d’abord intéressés aux problèmes rencontrés lors de la phase de montée en cadence car leur gestion est une activité majeure pendant cette phase. Nous avons établi des problèmes types. En parallèle, nous avons réalisé un état de l’art complet sur la question de la montée en cadence afin d’établir une cartographie de la littérature existante. Enfin, nous nous sommes concentrés sur les problèmes d’échange d’information et de coopération en examinant les interfaces, c’est-à-dire les liens et interactions existantes aux frontières entre différentes fonctions industrielles. Nous proposons un nouveau modèle d’interface ainsi qu'un outil d’audit que nous avons utilisé sur trois études de cas, ce qui nous permet de tirer des conclusions tant d’un point de vue pratique pour nos partenaires industriels que d’un point de vue académique
In this dissertation, we address the issue of production ramp-up in the context of the low volume industry. This dissertation builds upon case studies carried out at Siemens ETHS, a company manufacturing high voltage switchgear. We first focused on the problems encountered during the ramp-up phase, since fire-fighting (i. E. Problem handling) is a major activity during ramp-up. We identified problem types. Meanwhile, we realized a thorough state regarding the ramp-up issue, so as to provide a « map » of the existing literature. Finally, we focused on information exchange and cooperation problems. The approach taken is to focus on « interfaces », i. E. The links and interactions existing at the boundary of different industrial functions. We propose a new interface model and the corresponding auditing tool. The auditing tool was used on three different case studies. We draw valuable conclusions for our industrial partners but also outlined interesting results from a research point of view
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3

Park, Miriam 1971. "Co-ordinating flows across supply chains in the low volume gas turbine industry". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34708.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000.
Also available online at the MIT Theses Online homepage .
Includes bibliographical references (p. 80).
The industrial gas turbine (IGT) market is experiencing exponential growth where competition is based upon technical performance and time to market. Product sales are limited by the ability of the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) to coordinate manufacturers and assemblers to deliver turbines to customers in a timely manner. The company's logistics and supply chain systems have evolved from a traditional low volume job-shop environment and must now cope with a marked increase in product demand. OEM's must now manage the manufacture and assembly of thousands of turbine parts across an international and complex supply chain in a robust and agile manner. This requires the effective integration of internal and external logistics, supply chain and engineering talent. Current performance has been plagued with poor sourcing reliability, low quality and exploding lead times. This has resulted in sluggish response to customer demand and loss in earnings. This thesis seeks to recommend inventory placement strategies to improve sourcing reliability while identifying root causes and recommending improvements. It will also address the importance of the time-value of material in addressing investment and materials management decisions.
by Miriam Park.
S.M.
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4

German, Luis David. "Low volume manufacturing strategies for the automotive industry : a global and emerging economy perspective". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9582.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119).
Low volume manufacturing has become increasingly important for the automotive industry. Globalization trends have led automakers and their suppliers to operate in developing regions of the world were economies of scale can not always be achieved. Niche markets for the performance/sport cars and some luxury sedans have been gaining economic importance, further fueling the need for developing more economic efficient low volume manufacturing operations. While low volume manufacturing has been the subject of much research, this has largely focused on flow optimization, inventory reduction and logistics improvements. Less attention has been paid to the subject of process technology choices. Identifying and employing optimal processing technology for low volume applications can reduce costs significantly. This thesis presents technical cost modeling as an effective methodology for examining low volume manufacturing cases and identifies typical areas of concern for low volume producers. General strategies for reducing the cost penalties associated with low volume production are also presented. Four cases are analyzed; Argentine engine valve manufacturing, Thai steering wheel manufacturing, automobile radiator manufacturing, and sheet metal stamping. These cases exemplify three of the most common issues affecting low volume manufacturing; the selection of optimal alternative manufacturing technologies, tooling related issues such as the optimal investment levels and the choice of tooling technologies, and the choice of automation levels. Results show that alternative process technologies may address low volume problems associated with long set-up times, poor equipment and tooling utilization and high tooling investment. The use of alternative tools which are less expensive, but have a shorter life are also potential solutions. Automation level optimization can be used to target the required output levels as well as affect the labor capital balance.
by Luis David German.
Ph.D.
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5

Ehrenberg, Henrik y Filip Malmenryd. "Feasibility study for geometry assurance in low volume manufacturing of complex products : With application in the shipbuilding industry". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-19638.

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Geometrical variation is an unavoidable aspect in all types of manufacturing that may, unless managed, risk failure in fulfilling product requirements which may result in rework, delays and bad publicity. The term geometry assurance includes the tools, methods and processes that can be utilized to manage the effects of geometrical variation and to ensure fulfillment of esthetical, functional and assembly requirements. While state of the art research in geometry assurance is extensively applied within the automotive and aerospace industries with great success, its application in low volume manufacturing of complex products remains limited. The shipbuilding industry is an example of such an industry, often manufacturing large and complex products in low quantities. Further, the shipbuilding industry has historically been labor-intensive and relied on craftsmanship throughout the product realization process. However, studies indicate that a technology-intensive development is crucial for companies in order to maintain market competitiveness. This transition places high demands on a well-established geometry assurance process in order to ensure successful assembly and fulfillment of product requirements.  In this thesis, a feasibility study is conducted on how geometry assurance may be applied in low volume manufacturing of complex products. By developing guidelines on how geometry assurance may be applied, the purpose is to improve geometrical quality throughout the product realization process and to reduce lead times, costs and increase assembly precision.  To explore the feasibility of geometry assurance in low volume manufacturing of complex products, a work structure consisting of three phases was established. In the first phase, a current state analysis of the collaboration partner Saab Kockums was conducted parallel to studying state of the art research in geometry assurance. In phase two, the state of practice of companies in the automotive and aerospace industries was studied in order to determine how they apply state of the art research. By interviewing industry specialists and combining gained knowledge from the first two phases, guidelines on how geometry assurance may be applied in low volume manufacturing of complex products was developed. In phase three, based on these guidelines, suggestions on how the geometry assurance process in pipe manufacturing at Saab Kockums can be improved was developed. The results of this study indicate that geometry assurance is applicable in low volume manufacturing of complex products. However, alternative methods may be required. Based on gained knowledge and insights from interviews with industry specialists, guidelines on how geometry assurance in low volume manufacturing of complex products may be applied are proposed. In order to improve the geometry assurance process in pipe manufacturing at Saab Kockums, this study proposes general guidelines for improvement along with a process and prototype measurement tool for the fitting-pipe methodology. The specially designed prototype measurement tool presents an alternative measurement method that can be used in cramped spaces where it is difficult to access with a 3D-measurement arm, the proposed primary measurement technique. In conclusion, this study indicates that geometry assurance is applicable in low volume manufacturing of complex products and suggests three methods for how it may be achieved. However, each of these methods needs to be further investigated in order to determine their applicability in other low volume manufacturing industries. Further, the prototype measurement tool and process for the fitting-pipe methodology indicates potential for improving the geometry assurance process in pipe manufacturing. However, further work is needed to complete the process for fitting-pipes and to finalize the prototype measurement tool for production use.
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Wintzell, Samuel y Lucas Lovén. "Utmaningar vid robotautomation inom tung industri". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415366.

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There are many challenges when automating industrial processes. Successful automation projects can lead to several benefits such as lower manufacturing costs, improved quality and reduced lead times. The purpose of this study is to identify the biggest challenges when automating processes within heavy industry and then, find ways to solve these. The study has an abductive approach, where focus has shifted between literature and empirical data. Empirical data has been gathered through a case study. The case study is carried out at a company that operates within heavy industry. It’s a pre-study before an automation project. The case study has followed methods presented in literature. Challenges that proved most difficult during automation within heavy industry were: Adapting a product for automatic manufacturing and product variations. The conclusion drawn from the results and experiences during the case study, is that the most comprehensive solution to these challenges is continuous improvements of products and processes.
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Basic, Selma. "Developing process quality measurement in shipbuilding industry". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18887.

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This thesis investigates the possibility to adapt Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), tothe development process in the shipbuilding industry.More specifically the development process wasdelimited to the phases; design, work preparation, production and verification.Ordinarily, OEE is a performance measurement for mass production. Itincludes aquality parameter which has been the focus of this thesis. Both literature review and case study investigation show that process quality is of critical importance in the shipbuilding industry because of the needs for dimensional accuracy and high-quality assemblage.The three main factors affecting process quality are;the flow of information between engineering phaseand productionphase, and the amount of rework and delays. The factors wereevaluated along an optimization method with a specific attention to process quality. Acase studywas conductedto confirm the relevance of the literature review on factors affecting process qualityand allowedto gather factors in process quality that are relevant to the industry.In light of those results, I re-developed a model providingnew measurement of what I call OPQE (Overall Process Quality Efficiency).This study contributes to a betterunderstanding of process quality in ETO(Engineering-To-Order)industries. Notably it shows how deviations that require rework and causesdelays are impacting process quality. It also shows that detecting errors early in the process of production is essential for insuring quality control. An error detected late affects negatively process quality and increases cost.
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Shine, Francis y Akhildas Mohandas. "Product standardization to reduce lead time to meet customer demand in glulam manufacturing industry". Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Industriell organisation och produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38870.

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Standardization is Organizing and showcasing a manufacturing firm’s product or potentially benefits abroad are confronted with the choice of whether to institutionalize or adjust their product variants which simply means “one size fits all” method (Lundeteg, 2012). As industrial revolution was in peak many manufacturing industries around the world moved from mass production to mass customization. As per then, customers need was to gain a desirable product even if the lead time was higher than of buying a common product which everyone has.Main aim of the study is to re implement mass production in a firm where mass customization was adopted decades ago. As there are two categories of customers supporting both customized production and mass production, they need to adopt an innovative way without losing both types of customers. This report consist of the ways standardized production was done in the case company without affecting both types of customers and by decreasing lead time which was their main problem. The report consist detailed description of methods adopted for analyzing and how standardized production is effectively incorporated with customized production. Report also consist of quantitative data and qualitative literature support for analyzing and creating simulation model.Case study was also aiming at production systems in the company to understand the productions in deeper manner and how the new system could be effectively implemented in current situation. New proposal for standardized production was done based on the detailed study of factory layout and the products were proposed after detailed analysis of the quantitative data. Study was mainly concentrated on quantitative sales data analysis as the production is done base on make to stock and the customization is just done in cutting section. Analysis and simulation model creation was done in excel as the internal documents were done in excel and complex operations also is possible in excel.
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Mohammadpour, Violet y Sebastian Häll. "Supporting the development of a HMLV production cell". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54532.

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Production system development is challenging for manufacturing companies, and development of HMLV production cells entails additional challenges. Thus, the aim of this study is to support the development of a HMLV production cell, and the following research questions were asked: RQ1: What are the challenges of developing a HMLV production cell? RQ2: What are the critical factors to consider when developing a HMLV production cell? RQ3: How can the development of a HMLV production cell be supported? A literature review in combination with a case study were performed to fulfill the aim and answer the research questions. The literature review was conducted to gain knowledge from previous studies, whilst the case study was performed to complement the theoretical findings. The selected case is the development of a HMLV production cell in the department of engine machining at Scania, which is planned to perform production activities for various departments of Scania. The primary data was collected through observations and interviews. The identified challenges of developing a HMLV production cell were production planning, utilization of equipment, product quality and material flow. The identified critical factors to consider when developing a HMLV production cell were production flexibility, production competence, production technology, pilot production, manufacturing strategy, order management system and standardization. The identified challenges of developing a HMLV production cell and the critical factors to consider when developing a HMLV production cell can support manufacturing companies by informing what challenges to expect prior to developing a HMLV production cell, and what critical factors can mitigate these challenges. Two ways of supporting the development of a HMLV production cell are recommended to Scania: creating a structured order management system and performing a pilot production for the milling operation of the core box reparation process. During this study, it was discovered that different HMLV production cells have different capabilities, challenges, and therefore also different critical factors. As such, recommendation for further research is to investigate how the development of different types of HMLV production cells can be supported by using a multiple case study research design, and to compare the challenges and critical factors for the development for the different types of HMLV production cells.
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Surbier, Laurène. "Problem and interface characterization during ramp-up in the low volume industry". Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688238.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous interessons à la phase de montée en cadence dans le contexte de l'industrie de faible volume. Nos travaux se fondent sur des études de cas réalisées à Siemens ET HS, une entreprise produisant des disjoncteurs haute tension. Nous nous sommes tout d'abord interessé aux problèmes rencontrés lors de la phase de montée en cadence car leur gestion est une activité majeure pendant cette phase. Nous avons établi des problèmes types. En parallèle, nous avons réalisé un état de l'art complet sur la question de la montée en cadence afin d'établir une cartographie de la littérature existante. Enfin, nous nous sommes concentrés sur les problèmes d'échange d'information et de coopération en examinant les interfaces, c'est-à-dire les liens et interactions existantes aux frontières entre différentes fonctions industrielles. Nous proposons un nouveau modèle d'interface ainsi qu'un outil d'audit que nous avons utilisé sur trois études de cas, ce qui nous permet de tirer des conclusions tant d'un point de vue pratique pour nos partenaires industriels que d'un point de vue académique
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Libros sobre el tema "Low volume industry"

1

Rules, United States Congress House Committee on. Providing for the consideration of H.R. 975, Reducing the Volume of Steel Imports and Establishing a Steel Import Notification and Monitoring Program: Report (to accompany H. Res. 114). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Rules. Providing for the consideration of H.R. 975, Reducing the Volume of Steel Imports and Establishing a Steel Import Notification and Monitoring Program: Report (to accompany H. Res. 114). [Washington, D.C: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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3

Tsarenko, A. F. Status of Technology for Volume Reduction and Treatment of Low and Intermediate Level Solid Radioactive Waste. International Atomic Emergy Agency (IAEA), 1994.

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4

Jafari, Seid Mahdi. Low-Temperature Processing of Food Products : Volume 7: Unit Operations and Processing Equipment in the Food Industry. Woodhead Publishing, 2023.

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5

Mitchell, Olivia S., Robert Clark y Raimond Maurer, eds. How Persistent Low Returns Will Shape Saving and Retirement. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827443.001.0001.

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Funded pension systems around the world have long relied on relatively high and predictable long-term capital market returns. Yet these retirement systems confront a key challenge today, namely, how to deal with what appears to be persistently low returns on bonds and equities. For this reason, it will be prudent, and probably necessary, for insurers, plan sponsors, workers, retirees, and policymakers to take concrete steps to prepare for these lower long-term expected rates of return to retirement wealth. In fact, as we show in this volume, a persistent low-interest-rate economy will compel many to revisit how much they save, how they invest, and how long they can afford to live in retirement. Academics, policymakers, and industry leaders debate alternative strategies to cope with these challenges globally, as economic growth remains slow and low returns become the ‘new normal.’
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Bailey, Julian. Construction Law: Volume I. Informa Law, 2016.

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Bailey, Julian. Construction Law: Volume II. Informa Law, 2016.

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Bailey, Julian. Construction Law: Volume II. Informa Law, 2016.

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Bailey, Julian. Construction Law: Volume III. Informa Law, 2016.

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Bailey, Julian. Construction Law: Volume I. Informa Law, 2016.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Low volume industry"

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Leino, Simo-Pekka, Antti Pulkkinen y Juha-Pekka Anttila. "Role of VR Throughout the Life of Low Volume Products Towards Digital Extended Enterprises". En Product Lifecycle Management and the Industry of the Future, 404–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72905-3_36.

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Krishna Nandan Kartik, K. S. V. S., P. Yaswanth Reddy, Harsha Kalekuri y P. Kondaiah. "Design and Development of Low-Grade Robotic Production Platform for Smart Factory Application". En Design in the Era of Industry 4.0, Volume 2, 533–48. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0264-4_44.

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Bavath, D., Bankapalli Vamsi, Saurabh Mittal, Karan Madan, Anant Mohan y Jay Dhariwal. "Designing a Low-Cost Manual CPAP Medical Device for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome". En Design in the Era of Industry 4.0, Volume 2, 123–34. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0264-4_11.

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Tomašević, Ivan, Dragana Stojanović, Barbara Simeunović, Ivona Jovanović y Dragoslav Slović. "The Outcomes of Lean Implementation in High-Mix/Low-Volume Industry – Literature Review". En Proceedings on 18th International Conference on Industrial Systems – IS’20, 278–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97947-8_37.

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Krommes, Sandra y Florian Tomaschko. "Conceptual Framework of a Digital Twin Fostering Sustainable Manufacturing in a Brownfield Approach of Small Volume Production for SMEs". En Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 519–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_58.

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AbstractSMEs are increasingly forced to shift to more sustainable manufacturing. Industry 4.0 can support the transformation and foster innovation. But, SMEs need solutions with a low barrier to entry in terms of investment, IT knowledge and capacities. A framework based on value and material flow analysis, low investments and user-oriented IT skills is proposed. As an example, it is implemented in the furniture industry and shows a digital twin in terms of monitoring the energy and material flows. In addition, a product-specific allocation of energy consumption, energy peak shaving and other applications are possible.
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Huse, Timo y Laura Rehberg. "The Potential of High Speed Sintering for Small Series in the Automotive Industry". En Advances in Automotive Production Technology – Towards Software-Defined Manufacturing and Resilient Supply Chains, 314–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27933-1_29.

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AbstractIndividualization in the high-performance segment within the automotive industry is becoming increasingly important. Especially when small volumes are required, conventional manufacturing processes often no longer prove profitable. The use of additive processes in general and high-speed sintering (HSS) in particular offer the freedom to produce complex organic shapes in a cost-effective and resource-saving manner from batch size one onwards. The HSS process is a powder bed-based additive manufacturing process in which thermoplastics are sintered at a constant layer time using an infrared lamp instead of a laserFor this reason, we shed light on the use of high-speed sintering specifically for small components in low-volume production. More precisely, we add the process-specific properties of high-speed sintering to Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) rules. We propose an approach that also enables a time-saving alternative to conventional manufacturing processes and optimizes the design process for the use of high-speed sintering.
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Taudt, Christopher. "Thin-film Characterization". En Development and Characterization of a Dispersion-Encoded Method for Low-Coherence Interferometry, 123–30. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35926-3_5.

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AbstractThe third intended application for the proposed dispersion-encoded low-coherence interferometry is the evaluation of thin-film characteristics on substrate materials. Due to the usage of thin-film technologies in high-volume production in e.g. the photovoltaics and semiconductor industry, process monitoring becomes relevant in order to ensure functional parameters such as solar cell efficiency, [289]. In this context, film thickness as well as film homogeneity over large areas are important criteria for quality assurance.
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Getner, Christopher E. y Michael D. Packer. "Manufacturing Strategy in a Very Low Volume Production Setting: The Reemergence of the U. S. Space Transportation Industry". En Manufacturing Strategy, 49–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2189-4_6.

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Kalscheuer, Florian, Henrik Eschen y Thorsten Schüppstuhl. "Towards Semi Automated Pre-assembly for Aircraft Interior Production". En Annals of Scientific Society for Assembly, Handling and Industrial Robotics 2021, 203–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74032-0_17.

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AbstractThe growing aviation market puts first tier suppliers of aircraft interior under great pressure. Cabin monuments, not only consist of various assemblies with a wide range of parts, they are also highly customized by the airliners. Historically grown, poorly optimized manual processes offer the required flexibility, but limit the production rate of the individual products. The aviation industry responds with an increased use of automation technology. Recent standardization and automation approaches for efficient manufacturing, lead to an increase in productivity of these low volume products. However, complementary approaches to increase the degree of automation during assembly of aircraft interior components are missing. To reach a higher degree of automation this paper presents a derivation of cabin specific assembly processes with a varying degree of automation. First the range of components and processes in pre-assembly is analyzed with respect to automation. Based on the analysis, components and processes are classified in standardized groups. Fully automated and flexible automation processes are introduced to develop a semi-automated system. Furthermore, the required flow of information is described. Discussion of the results shows that the presented solution allows a flexible pre-assembly of low-volume interior parts and sets a baseline for further digitalization approaches.
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Pilehvar, Taymoor M. "If the Government Errs, Corporate Losses are Their Own to Bear: Corporate Best Practices for Indigenous Engagement in the Uranium Industry". En Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law - Volume IV, 209–28. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-267-5_10.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Low volume industry"

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Karania, Ruchi y David Kazmer. "Low Volume Plastics Manufacturing Strategies". En ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79713.

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Plastic components are vital components of many engineered products, frequently representing 20–40% of the product value. While injection molding is the most common process for economically producing complex designs in large quantities, a large initial monetary investment is required to develop appropriate tooling. Accordingly, injection molding may not be appropriate for applications that are not guaranteed to recoup the initial costs. This paper extends previous work [1] with component cost and lead-time models developed from extensive industry data. The application is an electrical enclosure consisting of two parts produced by a variety of low to high volume manufacturing processes including CNC machining, fused deposition modeling, selective laser sintering, vacuum casting, direct fabrication, and injection molding with soft prototype and production tooling. The viability of each process is compared for production quantities of one hundred, one thousand, and ten thousand. The results indicate that the average cost per enclosure assembly is highly sensitive to the production quantity, varying in range from US$0.35 per enclosure for ten thousand assemblies produced via injection molding to US$49.30 per enclosure for one hundred assemblies produced via fused deposition modeling. The results indicate the cost and lead time advantages of the alternative processes; a flow chart is provided to assist process selection in engineering design.
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Sherman, F. y V. Gartstein. "MEMS in the Consumer Disposable Products Industry". En ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32726.

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The consumer products industry is a good example of broad usage of disposable products. Consumer disposable products, in general, have two key unique characteristics that are very important drivers for new product inventions: low cost and large volume scalability. These two properties have always limited the penetration of MEMS technology into the consumer disposable product industry. Even though MEMS is traditionally spoken of as a low cost high volume technology, this holds true for industries outside the one described within here. The reality surrounding traditional silicon MEMS technology is that the cost structures is at best two orders of magnitude above acceptable levels and the infrastructure available to make the needed volumes is non existent. For these two reasons, plastic microfabrication and scalable design principles adaptation offers a viable solution for MEMS technology within the context of disposable consumer products. Using our low cost, large volume scalable plastic microneedle technology as an example, it was demonstrated that a successful transition from silicon to plastic microfabrication was achieved while maintaining excellent structural functionality for the purpose of glucose sensing from interstitial fluid (ISF).
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Goyal, Abhinav y Nikesh Garera. "Building Accurate Low Latency ASR for Streaming Voice Search in E-commerce". En Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 5: Industry Track). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.acl-industry.26.

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Ishii, Juntaro. "Low-Temperature Infrared Radiation Thermometry at NMIJ". En TEMPERATURE: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry; Volume VII; Eighth Temperature Symposium. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1627202.

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Olson, Dave, Naim Islam y Kuldeep Agarwal. "Applying Lean Thinking to Improve Processes in Low Volume/High Complexity Industry: Part I". En 4th Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/ap04.20230149.

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Olson, Dave, Naim Islam y Kuldeep Agarwal. "Applying Lean Thinking to Improve Processes in Low Volume/High Complexity Industry: Part II". En 4th Asia Pacific International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. Michigan, USA: IEOM Society International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46254/ap04.20230150.

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Fellmuth, B. "PTB-96: The Ultra-Low Temperature Scale of PTB". En TEMPERATURE: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry; Volume VII; Eighth Temperature Symposium. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1627103.

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Mekhontsev, Sergey. "Low Scatter Optical System for Emittance and Temperature Measurements". En TEMPERATURE: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry; Volume VII; Eighth Temperature Symposium. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1627208.

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Rusby, R. "European Dissemination of the Ultra-low Temperature Scale, PLTS-2000". En TEMPERATURE: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry; Volume VII; Eighth Temperature Symposium. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1627106.

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Meyer, C. W. "The NIST Low Temperature ITS-90 Realization and Calibration Facilities". En TEMPERATURE: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry; Volume VII; Eighth Temperature Symposium. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1627114.

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Informes sobre el tema "Low volume industry"

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Barrera, Victor, Alexis Villacis, Jeffrey Alwang y Angélica Zapata. Open configuration options Are the Berries Ripe?: Export Potential for Ecuador's Blackberry Production. Inter-American Development Bank, enero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003959.

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Blackberry production has been common for decades in Ecuador''s inter-Andean valleys, but a fresh or processed export industry has not emerged despite export successes experienced in neighboring countries. This case study examines the potential for expansion of blackberry export market and identifies several key barriers: low volume of production for export, phytosanitary and other obstacles constraining production at scale, lack of support services from the public sector, and lack of an organizational presence for producers seeking alternative markets. While production of blackberry is relatively high, and markets and an export window exist, Ecuadors industry needs vision and leadership for a viable export industry to emerge.
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn y Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, agosto de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.

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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.
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Saadeh, Shadi y Pritam Katawał. Performance Testing of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified with Recycled Waste Plastic. Mineta Transportation Institute, julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2045.

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Plastic pollution has become one of the major concerns in the world. Plastic waste is not biodegradable, which makes it difficult to manage waste plastic pollution. Recycling and reusing waste plastic is an effective way to manage plastic pollution. Because of the huge quantity of waste plastic released into the world, industries requiring a large amount of material, like the pavement industry, can reuse some of this mammoth volume of waste plastics. Similarly, the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has also become common practice to ensure sustainability. The use of recycled waste plastics and RAP in HMA mix can save material costs and conserve many pavement industries’ resources. To successfully modify HMA with RAP and waste plastic, the modified HMA should exhibit similar or better performance compared to conventional HMA. In this study, recycled waste plastic, linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), and RAP were added to conventional HMA, separately and together. The mechanical properties of conventional and modified HMA were examined and compared. The fatigue cracking resistance was measured with the IDEAL Cracking (IDEAL CT) test, and the Hamburg Wheel Tracking (HWT) test was conducted to investigate the rutting resistance of compacted HMA samples. The IDEAL CT test results showed that the cracking resistance was similar across plastic modified HMA and conventional HMA containing virgin aggregates. However, when 20% RAP aggregates were used in the HMA mix, the fatigue cracking resistance was found to be significantly lower in plastic modified HMA compared to conventional HMA. The rutting resistance from the HWT test at 20,000 passes was found to be similar in all conventional and modified HMA.
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Gibbons, Ronald, Rajaram Bhagavathula, Brian Williams, Andrew Kassing, Johann Hamen y Daniel Elkins. Evaluation of Roadway High-Mast Tower Lighting. Illinois Center for Transportation, octubre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-021.

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This study conducted an evaluation of high-mast roadway lighting, which included a review of Illinois Department of Transportation’s high-mast lighting specification and a field experiment. The lighting specification was reviewed for potential cost-saving measures. Recommended changes included the use of an external drive mechanism, a design-by-application mounting ring, and using the industry standard handhole design. The field experiment consisted of two human factors evaluations. In one evaluation, participants were driven along I-57 through five interchanges with various lighting designs and answered questionnaires about the lighting. Results showed that interchanges that were fully lit outperformed partially lit interchanges for perceptions of comfort, safety, and visibility regardless of whether the interchange used conventional lighting or high-mast lighting. When comparing participants’ responses between high-mast lighting at full intensity or at a 50% dim level, there was no change in perceptions of comfort, safety, or visibility. In the second evaluation, radar sensors were placed at key locations at each interchange and the speed behavior of traffic was recorded and analyzed. Speed analysis showed that lighting designs using only high-mast lighting had a potential ±safety benefit via reductions in vehicle speed variation. Comparing high-mast lighting at full intensity and at a 50% dim level, the dimmed lighting resulted in a significant reduction in speed for exiting traffic. Furthermore, dimming improved safe speed behavior on ramp segments while not significantly affecting the speed behavior for vehicles traveling through the interchange. Recommendations based on the results include using full interchange lighting designs, using a single light type (conventional or high mast, but not both), using a lower light level, and dimming lighting during times of low traffic volume.
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Spano, Christian, Paolo Natali, Charles Cannon, Suzanne Greene, Osvaldo Urzúa, Carlos Sucre y Adriana Unzueta. Latin America and the Caribbean 2050: Becoming a Global Low-Carbon Metals and Solutions Hub. Inter-American Development Bank, julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003412.

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This report evaluates scope 3 emissions along the copper and iron ore value chains and the opportunities that Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has to become a low carbon metals and solutions hub. The report presents four carbon emission scenarios that represent different sets of decisions for policy-makers and investors. Two scenarios fall short of aligning with Paris targets: (1) the business as usual (BaU) scenario with no further abatement action; and (2) a BaU scenario with the current level of emission reduction potential from players in the value chain (BaU Possible). The other two scenarios deliver the required carbon reductions to be compliant with the Paris Agreement by 2060, but through different strategies: (3) the BaU Paris scenario. where alignment with Paris targets is achieved by keeping BaU volumes and reducing carbon intensity per tonne of metal; and (4) the Decoupled scenario, where carbon intensity reductions are relaxed and compensated by a reduction in primary supply to align the value chain emissions to a Paris trajectory. All scenarios require LACs leaders to consider investments in low-carbon technology in different degrees. The report argues that, given its competitive position in the cost curve for copper and iron ore and an abundance of enabling factors for low carbon strategies, the region could become a key source of low carbon metals and solutions as long as it is proactive in adopting all the necessary measures from public sector and industry perspectives. Finally, the report concludes that myriad opportunities exist for LAC, including new business models, technologies and products, and that these could yield a greater economic and social contribution to the region than the BaU trajectories.
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Claro de la Maza, Jorge y Roberto Camblor. Government Procurement and Free Trade in the Americas. Inter-American Development Bank, enero de 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008614.

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Governments in many countries -at all levels of development- struggle with increasing budget deficits and soaring national debts. Over the last century, government spending, as a percentage of gross domestic product has tended to increase and with it has increased the range of services offered by governments and the volume of public procurement resulting from it. The growth in public procurement has been accompanied by a growth in public procurement legislation. As the public sector grew, a need made itself to seek assistance form the private sector to provide public services on a contractual and sub-contractual basis. In various countries, especially those characterized by a civil law system, government contracts took on a peculiar nature, distinct from private contracts constituting a distinct legal category, separated form private contracts rules concerning contract formation, termination, settlement of disputes and other situations. As public procurement grew in volume and value, so did its importance to employment and the national economy. In most countries, the early procurement laws were protective of domestic industry. At the same time, competition for public business grew among nationals in step with the growth of public expenditure devoted to procurement of goods and services. These laws recognized the right of nationals to be treated equally, to have equal access to public contracts. As a result, the standard method of procurement would consist in an advertised opportunity for all interested firms to bid for public contracts on auction basis.
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Mora, Dora Alicia, María Aguilera Díaz, Antonio Orozco Gallo, Javier Yabrudy Vega, Jasson Nieto Mier, Rosemary Barcos Robles y Yuri Reina Aranza. Boletín Económico Regional : Costa Caribe, I trimestre de 2023. Banco de la República, junio de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/ber-costc.tr1-2023.

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Durante el primer trimestre de 2022, la economía de la región Caribe mostró un aumento anual, dado el buen desempeño en las principales actividades económicas, explicado por: la industria, en donde se vio avance en la producción, las ventas y el empleo; la construcción que registró incrementos en el área en proceso, el área causada, el metraje aprobado para construir y en las ventas de vivienda nueva; el agropecuario con un buen volumen de productos agrícolas, aunque un descenso en el ganado vacuno para sacrificio; el transporte por la mayor movilización de pasajeros, tanto urbano como aéreo; y el comercio exterior que mantuvo el crecimiento tanto en exportaciones como importaciones. Lo anterior se vio reflejado en los indicadores del mercado laboral con el aumento de la tasa de ocupación y descenso del desempleo. Por el contrario, la inflación continuó con su tendencia alcista iniciada un año atrás.
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Navajas, Fernando y Marcelo Catena. Oil & Debt Windfalls and Fiscal Dynamics in Bolivia. Inter-American Development Bank, julio de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008742.

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During 2004-06 Bolivia experienced a five-fold increase in oil revenues due to tax/ contractual innovations, higher prices and larger volumes at the same time that a multi-lateral debt reduction initiative trimmed roughly one third of the public external debt. The political economy setting of this environment entails a new hydrocarbons law that automatically decentralize expenditure to local governments and nationalization of the oil industry. This paper presents a model of fiscal dynamics in Bolivia in a stochastic framework and finds that the new status-quo will generate double reversions of primary surplus and a public debt path that may fall short of being pleasant in the presence of unfettered fiscal spending and/or decline in international energy prices and gas demand from its neighbors. The authors conclude that governance of the process of allocations and distribution of the oil rent is essential to the short to medium term sustainability of the new Bolivian model.
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Webb, Philip y Sarah Fletcher. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing. SAE International, noviembre de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2020024.

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This SAE EDGE™ Research Report builds a comprehensive picture of the current state-of-the-art of human-robot applications, identifying key issues to unlock the technology’s potential. It brings together views of recognized thought leaders to understand and deconstruct the myths and realities of human- robot collaboration, and how it could eventually have the impact envisaged by many. Current thinking suggests that the emerging technology of human-robot collaboration provides an ideal solution, combining the flexibility and skill of human operators with the precision, repeatability, and reliability of robots. Yet, the topic tends to generate intense reactions ranging from a “brave new future” for aircraft manufacturing and assembly, to workers living in fear of a robot invasion and lost jobs. It is widely acknowledged that the application of robotics and automation in aerospace manufacturing is significantly lower than might be expected. Reasons include product variability, size, design philosophy, and relatively low volumes. Also, the occasional reticence due to a history of past false starts plays a role too. Unsettled Issues on Human-Robot Collaboration and Automation in Aerospace Manufacturing goes deep into the core questions that really matter so the necessary step changes can move the industry forward.
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Microenterprise Development Review: Volume 4 : No. 1 : July, 2001. Inter-American Development Bank, julio de 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008379.

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Nowhere in the Americas is microfinance as far advanced as in Bolivia. Using the examples of BancoSol, Caja los Andes and FIE -Bolivia's three largest microfinance institutions- this article describes challenges microfinance has faced from economic recession and borrower revolts; how it stacks up against the rest of the banking sector; and how the industry evolved under those pressures. Finally, the article speculates where Bolivian microfinance, and the microfinance industry in general, may be headed.
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