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1
Eisenberg, Joshua Daniel. "Automatic Extraction of Narrative Structure from Long Form Text". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3912.
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Automatic understanding of stories is a long-time goal of artificial intelligence and natural language processing research communities. Stories literally explain the human experience. Understanding our stories promotes the understanding of both individuals and groups of people; various cultures, societies, families, organizations, governments, and corporations, to name a few. People use stories to share information. Stories are told –by narrators– in linguistic bundles of words called narratives.
My work has given computers awareness of narrative structure. Specifically, where are the boundaries of a narrative in a text. This is the task of determining where a narrative begins and ends, a non-trivial task, because people rarely tell one story at a time. People don’t specifically announce when we are starting or stopping our stories: We interrupt each other. We tell stories within stories. Before my work, computers had no awareness of narrative boundaries, essentially where stories begin and end. My programs can extract narrative boundaries from novels and short stories with an F1 of 0.65.
Before this I worked on teaching computers to identify which paragraphs of text have story content, with an F1 of 0.75 (which is state of the art). Additionally, I have taught computers to identify the narrative point of view (POV; how the narrator identifies themselves) and diegesis (how involved in the story’s action is the narrator) with F1 of over 0.90 for both narrative characteristics. For the narrative POV, diegesis, and narrative level extractors I ran annotation studies, with high agreement, that allowed me to teach computational models to identify structural elements of narrative through supervised machine learning.
My work has given computers the ability to find where stories begin and end in raw text. This allows for further, automatic analysis, like extraction of plot, intent, event causality, and event coreference. These tasks are impossible when the computer can’t distinguish between which stories are told in what spans of text. There are two key contributions in my work: 1) my identification of features that accurately extract elements of narrative structure and 2) the gold-standard data and reports generated from running annotation studies on identifying narrative structure.
2
Joyce, Ciara. "Lived long-term experience of eating disorders : a narrative exploration". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/87475/.
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This thesis explores the narratives of people with long-term experience of eating disorders and the wider socio-political, psycho-medical discourses that surround these presentations. It comprises a narrative literature review, a research article and a critical appraisal. The literature review provides a social constructivist critique of the limiting nature of language in the case of anorexia nervosa. By reviewing diagnostic criteria, historical accounts and dominant explanations of anorexia, this article explores their epistemological underpinnings, and the consequent impact of these on research, policy and service-user experience in a neo-liberal political context. The research paper applies a narrative analytic approach to the accounts of eight participants with long-term experience of eating disorders and specialist service provision. The findings are presented in six cinematic style scenes across three acts, which illustrate participants’ first contact with specialist services, a brief overview of what had happened to get them to this point, the context and quality of their current relationship with services, and their needs and hopes for the future. The contributions of these narratives are discussed in relation to the role specialist services play in the construction of participants’ sense of self, and the implications of this for clinical practice and service development going forward. Finally, the critical appraisal adopts a narrative approach to the exploration of my experience undertaking this research. Using a similar process to the analysis of participants’ narratives in the research article, I reflect on my introduction to eating disorder services and the reason I became interested in this research, what had happened in my life story to influence this decision and approach, before providing an overview of the challenges, strengths and limitations of the process, and reflecting on what I have learned from researching this topic in this way.
3
Matusek, Jill Anne. "Overcoming an Eating Disorder: A Narrative Approach to Long-Term Recovery". Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1185928602.
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Stenke, Katarina Maria. "Parts and wholes in long non-narrative poems of the eighteenth century". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610756.
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Nolan-Miljevic, Jelena. "Long lost storylines : narrative inquiry into the search for a missing parent". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.686185.
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This research explores the narratives and narrative resources connected to the search for a missing parent (SMP) undertaken by people not previously recognised as searchers. Methods used are autoethnography, friendship as inquiry, writing as inquiry and fictional representations. Main research question is How do people who have searched for a missing parent create and to tell meaningful stories? What resources do they call upon? The findings identified several dominant narratives about the search for a missing parent- the narratives of search, bad place, missing piece, best interests of a child, happy ending and silence. These narratives sustain processes of marginalisation and stigmatisation of lived experience which doesn't fit in dominant narrative frameworks. This can have adverse effects on searcher, as five stories of personal experience demonstrate. The inquiry in personal narratives identified that stories of lived experience critique and challenge the state of things offered by dominant narratives and engage in resistance and critique of available stories. The personal stories were also written in order to encourage reader to think with them (Frank, 1994) and through that process critically examine their own convictions about the SMP. Juxtaposition of the personal and dominant stories outlined the need for more narratives which would empower and support searcher. The new narratives were then written up. Original contributions to knowledge arising from this research are: challenge to the concept of search as exclusively belonging to adoption studies; identifying processes of marginalisation and stigmatisation arising from dominant narratives and offering these as alternative explanatory frameworks for searcher's behaviours; demonstrating how stories of lived experience critique dominant narrative landscape and providing new narratives of search inspired by personal experiences as means to empower searchers. This research is the most relevant for fields of adoption studies, family studies and socio psychological narrative inquiry.
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Gabrielson, Marcena Lynn. "The long-term care decision making of older lesbians: a narrative analysis". Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/234.
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This qualitative study used narrative analysis of interviews with 10 older lesbians (aged 55 and over) who have made a financial commitment to live in a continuous care retirement center (CCRC) specializing in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) care. The specific aims were to:
1. Describe what has impacted older lesbians' decisions to live in an LGBT-specific CCRC.
2. Describe factors that both positively and negatively impact older lesbians' perceptions of elder care. The study combined two qualitative strategies (across-case, thematic analysis and narrative analysis) and used a convenience sample.
Themes identified in across-case analysis were interpreted in the context of patterns in the narrative analysis. Categories, topics and subtopics were organized temporally. This within and across case strategy facilitated the ability to view the whole as well as individual and identify salient themes and representative stories across cases.
Stories of past negative experiences with family (resulting from the participants' sexual orientation) as well as past positive experiences within the gay community were widespread across cases. Presently, the participants are caring for older heterosexual family members and realizing that in their lesbian friendship circles they have experienced this type of care and support and not in their biological family relationships. Additionally, they are increasingly aware of their own aging and realizing that at some point they might not be able to support themselves and each other in ways that preserve their dignity and prevent discrimination, as they generally can now.
The participants' past experiences (as well as expectations stemming from them) coupled with present experiences and realizations, have led to the decision to live in an LGBT CCRC. They have concluded that the only way to be assured of dignity and respect in elder care is to decide on the LGBT CCRC. Positive perceptions regarding the decision to live in this elder care option were straightforward and directly reflected the findings for Aim I. It is important to understand older lesbians' elder care decision making because continued lack of knowledge may potentially undermine optimal care delivery of elder lesbians across settings.
7
Fortune, Joanne. "Narrative Analysis of the 3-Year Recovery of Superstorm Sandy Survivors". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5622.
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Although research has been conducted on the short-term effects of natural and human-made disasters on individuals and families, few researchers have examined the experiences of families during the recovery and rebuilding process when stressors may continue on many levels, sometimes for years later. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experience of recovery for families during the 3-year period following Superstorm Sandy in 2012 through the theoretical lens of Bronfenbrenner's bio-ecological perspective. A narrative approach was used in order to understand the experience of natural disaster recovery and the meaning of recovery and coping for these families. Families in the surrounding area of Long Beach, New York were invited to participate. Six families who experienced Superstorm Sandy shared their experiences through interviews. Common themes were found among participants during the preparation for the storm, throughout the storm, and again during identified stages in the recovery process. Participants displayed both positive and negative coping styles and rated the helpfulness of various interventions. Findings from the study suggest that future researchers should focus on understanding the individual factors that may affect the decision to prepare for and evacuate during a large-scale natural disaster. The results of this study can be used by support services staff to develop and target interventions that address the common themes identified during the long-term recovery process. More effective interventions may lessen the length and intensity of suffering. Additionally, highlighting the importance of disaster preparedness may encourage individuals and communities to better prepare for disasters, possibly diminishing damage and losses.
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Hammond, Gretchen Clark. "THE PHOENIX RISING: DESCRIBING WOMEN’S STORIES OF LONG-TERM RECOVERY A NARRATIVE ANALYSIS". The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1305684981.
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Harreld, Natalie P. "Changing The Climate Narrative: How A Long-Term Climate Change Might Save Our Lives". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/897.
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The goal of this paper is to offer new insights into the climate change debate by shifting away from the heated anthropologic arguments that dominate politics, media, and popular science. Instead, I choose to rely on the long-term impacts of a changing climate on our planet. The paper begins with a break down of key processes involved in short-term and long-term climate change, using the latest research. After a foundational understanding of climate sciences is established, we will discuss the failure of the climate change debate in educating the general public about the facts of a changing climate. Finally, the importance of long-term foresight in climate policy and education, and how this perspective could drastically progress the climate debate, will be discussed.
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Lieber, Marlon. "The Living Dead in the Long Downturn: Im/Possible Communism and Zombie Narrative Form". Universität Leipzig, 2021. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73695.
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Wharton, David. "Branwen Kellow : a novel and critical reflection on unreliable narrative in long form fiction". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39845.
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This is a Creative Writing PhD, composed of a novel, Branwen Kellow (approximately 84,200 words) and a Critical Reflection (approximately 23,000 words) with appendices (approx. 8,000 words). The novel tells the story of a professional psychic who believes himself to be the only honest medium in the world. He is drawn into the search for a young woman who has gone missing several years previously, and consequently into a crisis that forces him to re-define himself and his past. The Critical Reflection explores the production of a literary text in which the writer seeks deliberately, but not overtly, to emphasise the inherent unreliability and artificiality of narrative. It is divided into three sections. In the Introduction I consider the nature of Creative Writing as research. The second section is an account of how I wrote my novel. I consider the three key elements of the process: planning and research, developing a narrative structure and controlling style. Throughout this part of the commentary, there is a particular focus on textual ‘reality’ and how one’s awareness of the future reader might affect the act of writing. Finally, in the section titled ‘Looking Further’, I discuss an additional piece of small-scale questionnaire research I undertook, inspired by my own experience of writing a novel.
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Livingstone, Charlotte. "Daniel Defoe and the styles of history : narrative and historiography in the long seventeenth century". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433352.
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Hess, Michael E. II. "The Long Walk with Democracy: Democratic Teacher Narratives in Rural Appalachian Ohio". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1229977660.
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Sasaki, Ayumi. "Walking hand-in-hand with two cultures : narrative accounts of long-term, bicultural Asian immigrant adults". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54342.
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Research literature on cultural adjustment has generally shown that immigrants who integrated both home and host cultures have the most favourable outcomes relative to those who have avoided interacting with either or both of the cultures. Yet, cultural integration may occur in many different ways, and the literature is scant in examining how individuals integrate the two cultures over time. This study focuses on long-term immigrants (five males and one female; total n=6) from East and Southeast Asian countries, who transitioned to Canada as adults and subsequently integrated their heritage and receiving culture over the course of 10 years or longer. The research question explored for this research was: how do long-term, bicultural immigrants narrate the process of integrating the two cultures (i.e., their culture of origin and the receiving culture)? This qualitative research aimed to address the gap in the literature using narrative inquiry and thematic content analysis to study how individuals personally made sense of living in and integrating the two cultures. The following five themes emerged: (a) building cultural knowledge, (b) distance from heritage culture and lifestyle, (c) incorporating multiple cultures into own world, (d) application of cultural competency, and (e) developing a personal balance of the cultures. The research results revealed the complexity of achieving and maintaining a balanced cultural integration, and seemed to suggest important directions for future cross-cultural research. Limitations of the current study as well as theoretical, clinical, and methodological implications were discussed.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
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Brooks, Helen. "Patient perceptions, experiences and expectations of recovery and prognosis in long-term conditions". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/patient-perceptions-experiences-and-expectations-of-recovery-and-prognosis-in-longterm-conditions(ffd083bc-ad64-4fc3-9d22-9050aef29cb4).html.
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Background: Whilst the experience of chronic physical conditions is well documented and has been recognised as relevant for health policy and practice little is known about notions of recovery and prognosis from the point of view of those with long-term physical health conditions. The extent to which people consider the future outcomes of their conditions is relevant to health policy which seeks to engage people in shared decision making, care plans, and self-management. This gap in knowledge about lay perceptions of recovery and prognosis becomes more pronounced when compared with literature from the mental health field in which recovery is one of the dominant foci, is comparatively well researched and in recent years has fed into policy and management approaches.Aims: The aim of the thesis is to explore perceptions of recovery and prognosis with people with long-term physical health conditions and to compare these with perspectives on recovery and prognosis apparent in the mental health field.Methodology: Using qualitative methods, a two phased approach to data collection and analysis was undertaken. Phase 1 used secondary data analysis with two existing datasets to examine whether notions of recovery and prognosis were implicit in narratives about the experience of illness. Phase 2 built on the findings from phase 1 and utilised longitudinal, primary data collection in the form of narrative interviews undertaken at two time points (baseline and 12 month follow-up). The analysis in both phases involved a cross case thematic analysis to look for commonalities and differences across individuals. Data from phase 2 were also subject to a narrative emplotment of individual stories which were used to capture the longitudinal changes in patient perspectives over time.Results: There were similarities with findings from the mental health field (recovery as a complex, nonlinear journey, the input from friends and family, notions of burden and the impact of condition on sense of self). However, there were nuanced differences in relation to physical health conditions which related to expectations about mortality, the experience of time, the extent to which narratives were future oriented and the experience of stigma. The dual focus on mental and physical health recovery proved useful for understanding those experiences of multiple morbidities. The results were used to develop a model of recovery narratives based on two dimensions (expectations and responsibility) which gave rise to four typologies of narratives. The aim of this model was to further highlight and summarise the themes arising from the data analysis.Discussion: The results of this study highlight the importance of understanding notions of recovery and prognosis in order to better understand the experience of illness and self-management. The thesis challenges the blanket use of health promotion strategies for those with and without chronic health conditions and supports a shift in policy focus from improved choice and autonomy to what Mol (2009) refers to as ‘enhanced care’.
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Nelham, Carolyn May. "A narrative analysis exploring the effects of long-term caregiving on the female caregiver's sense of self /". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85944.
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This research project explores the effect of long-term caregiving on a female caregiver's sense of self. Participants of this study consisted of six women: three daughters caring for their mothers and three wives caring for their husbands. All the women had been caregiving for a minimum of three years. Seidman's (1991) structure for in-depth phenomenological interviewing was used which involved conducting a series of three semi-structured interviews. The data were analyzed and described using the five-step Holistic-Content approach to narrative analysis described by Lieblich, Tuval-Mashiach, and Zilber (1998). The six narratives that emerged from the data present six unique stories and provide insight into the nomothetic aspects of the caregiving experience. These aspects include time and role captivity, guilt, loss of mutuality, appraisal of the loved one's behavior, as well as some of the differences between caring for a parent versus a spouse.
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Mattsson, Elin. "The Narrative Identities of QueerPeople of Color : Interviews with Queer People of Color in Long Beach, CA". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-87215.
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Queer people and people of color are two groups that are exposed to much stereotyping and discrimination in the United States. When these two identity labels coincide they sometimes conflict. In this study, five queer persons of color were interviewed on their identities and their life stories, to find out how they create their identities through narratives, negotiating and rewriting the meanings of social categories. Using Johnson's Quare term as inspiration,and analyzing the data with the use of Riessman's performative narrative analysis and Muñoz's Disidentifications, I find several common tropes of identity creation and performance as well as practices of resistance and disidentification. I then discuss the word Queer as used by respondents to label practices and attitudes that can be considered disidentifying.
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Life, Patricia. "Long-Term Caring: Canadian Literary Narratives of Personal Agency and Identity in Late Life". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31162.
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This thesis analyses thirteen key literary texts taken from the last century of Canadian English-language publishing to assess how each text reveals, reinforces, and /or resists narratives of natural-aging, decline, progress and positive-aging. When considered together, these texts illustrate overall patterns in the evolution of age-related beliefs and behaviours. Stories have a potential emotional impact that scholarly readings do not, and thus the reading and study of these texts can serve to promote conscious intellectual consideration of the issues surrounding age and aging.
My analysis focuses on how our Canadian literature envisages aging into old age, primarily addressing stories set in late-life-care facilities and comprising what I am naming our ‘nursing-home-narrative genre.’ Although my chapters follow a chronological progression, beginning with Catharine Parr Traill’s 1894 Pearls and Pebbles and concluding with Janet Hepburn’s 2013 Flee, Fly, Flown, I am not arguing that each age-related belief is replaced by a succeeding one. I would assert instead that over time Canadians have accumulated an assortment of age ideologies, some of which mesh and some of which duplicate or even contradict others. For example, although many people have embraced new positive-aging ideologies, aging-as-decline narratives still circulate strongly.
Using social and literary theory as support, I argue that the selected literary texts of my analysis (Traill, Wilson, Laurence, Shields, Wright, Barfoot, Munro, Tostevin, Gruen, Hepburn, King) reveal a genre that is evolving quickly in both form and content. The nursing-home-narrative genre begins with gothic stories of fear of the nursing home, of aging and of death, expands to include darkly humorous stories featuring increasingly empowered residents successfully living within care homes, and is introducing, during the twenty-first century, fantastical stories of escape from the home and of return to youthful behaviours and preferable habitats. This most recent narrative joins the earlier ones to create a new master narrative in which aging people can overcome fear with agency and thus ultimately reject the nursing home and old age itself. However, in the most compelling of the new agency and escape narratives, authors lay a thin icing of entertainment over a dark undercurrent of reality.
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Leahy, Sean. "As One Who From a Volume Reads: A Study of the Long Narrative Poem in Nineteenth-Century America". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1065.
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Though overlooked and largely unread today, the long narrative poem was a distinct genre available to nineteenth-century American poets. Thematically and formally diverse, the long narrative poem represents a form that poets experimented with and modified, and it accounted for some of the most successful poetry publications in the nineteenth-century United States. Drawing on contemporary theories of form and situating these poems within their literary-historical context, I discuss how our reading practices might be shaped by a greater attentiveness to the long narrative poem. My analysis will focus upon a small set of poems from across the nineteenth century, centering on works by Lucy Larcom and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. More than mere recovery, this project aims to illuminate a tradition in which poets ambitiously melded genres, claimed poetry’s place to shape public discourse, and thought deeply about the reading practices available to their audience. Along the way, I consider how the dominant critical categories in the study of poetry have occluded these poems, and what these poems might offer in terms renewing or revitalizing our analytical tools and concepts.
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Weaver, Stephanie. "Revisionary Rhetoric, Social Action, and the Ethics of Personal Narrative; or, A Long Story about Being a Southerner". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1313957036.
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Coulombel, Bertrand. "Le traitement de la continuité à travers le temps et la temporalité des traces en mémoire". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE2005.
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Dans nos vies d'êtres humains, nous avons chacun plusieurs rôles différents que l'on doit remplir de manière périodique. S'occuper de notre travail, s'occuper de notre santé, s'occuper de nos relations avec les autres, etc. Aucune de ces activités ne peut être terminée une bonne fois pour toute, encore moins d'une seule traite. Ce sont des activités que l'on poursuit de manière fragmentée et épisodique. Chaque fragment, chaque épisode étant la continuité du dernier épisode associé à la même activité dans notre passé.Autrement dit on peut voir la vie avec un grand V comme un ensemble de petites vies, de "continuités", entremêlées les unes dans les autres à travers le temps. Il y a la continuité au travail, la continuité loisir, la continuité avec les amis, etc. Chaque continuité ayant un contexte, un passé, un présent et un futur propres. De la même manière que notre corps se déplace dans un espace physique composé de lieux, de bâtiments, de salles dans lesquels il peut aller et revenir, notre conscience se déplace dans un espace mental composé de sujets de pensée, de buts, d'activités, d’histoires dans lesquels elle va et revient de sorte à former différentes continuités qui se croisent et qui se poursuivent à travers le temps.Ainsi donc, plutôt que de traiter notre vie comme un tout indifférencié et hypercomplexe, nous passons d'une partition à une autre, d'une conscience à une autre, en permanence. Et les écarts temporels entres deux fragments d'une même continuité peuvent être très longs. Ce qui peut rendre notre perception du temps assez confuse. Bien souvent on ne sait plus trop depuis combien de temps chacune des continuités de notre vie s'est arrêtée. Quand on se reconnecte à une continuité, on a souvent cette impression que c'est un peu comme si c'était hier et que pratiquement rien ne sépare cet instant présent que l'on vit de la dernière fois passée dont on peut se remémorer. Mais cela dit pour ce qui est du déroulement de notre vie, cela reste naturel pour nous de vivre comme cela, de basculer d'une continuité à une autre, qui n'ont rien à voir, et de s'y retrouver. Par exemple juste avant de lire cette thèse, vous faisiez probablement autre chose qui n'a rien à voir avec ce dont il est question ici, votre esprit était dans une continuité différente. Et après la lecture vous irez poursuivre quelque chose d’autre dans votre vie. Malgré la fragmentation des différents épisodes, il est rare de se mélanger les pinceaux et de ne plus savoir où on est. Néanmoins certaines pathologies comme la maladie d’Alzheimer suggèrent que notre sens de l’orientation mental peut être perturbé, et que l’on peut effectivement se perdre dans les fragments de notre propre existence. Et donc on peut se demander comment notre cerveau opère pour gérer des vies dont le contenu est si fragmenté et mélangé dans le temps sans jamais se perdre. Pour étudier tous les mécanismes impliqués dans ce traitement des continuités, ce que je fais avec mes expériences c'est que je reproduis à une échelle réduite la fragmentation de notre vie à travers des jeux-vidéo. Dans mes expériences les participants jouent à plusieurs jeux, chaque jeu représentant une continuité à part entière. À partir de là je manipule des paramètres pour différencier les jeux les uns des autres et je mesure l'impact que cela a sur certaines performances et certaines estimations. Mes objectifs sont de caractériser ce qui définit une continuité, de comprendre et d’investiguer comment notre cerveau procède pour avancer dans le temps et gérer le futur, et de faire des ponts entre des champs d'étude qui sont encore relativement cloisonnés les uns des autres : la mémoire rétrospective (du passé), la mémoire prospective (du futur), la prospection (la simulation du futur), la segmentation des événements, la cognition narrative, et la perception du temps. De sorte à élucider la dynamique globale entre tous ces mécanismes qui rendent si transparentes les coutures de notre existenceIn our human lives, we each have various roles that we must fulfill periodically. Taking care of our job, taking care of our health, taking care of our relationships with others, … None of these activities can be finished once and for all, let alone in one shot. These are activities that we manage in an episodic and fragmented way. Each fragment, each episode being the continuation of the last episode associated with the same activity in our past.In other words, we can see Life with a big L as a set of small lives, a set of « continuities », intertwined through time. There is the work continuity, the hobby continuity, the friends continuity, and so on. Each continuity having its own context, past, present and future. In the same way as our body navigates in a physical space composed of places, buildings, rooms in which it can go, leave and come back to, our consciousness can move in a mental space composed of subjects of thoughts, goals, activities, stories in which it goes, leaves and come back to so as to form various continuities that cross and unfold through time.Thus, rather than processing our life as a hyper-complex and undifferentiated whole, we continuously go from one partition to another, one simplified consciousness to another. And the temporal gaps between two fragments of the same continuity can be very long ; which can make our time perception pretty muddled. Often we don’t really remember how much time has passed since each of the continuities of our life has been suspended. When we reconnect our consciousness to a continuity, we often feel as if it was only yesterday and as if no gap separates this present moment that we are living from the last time we can remember.That being said, as far as the continuation of our life is concerned, it is quite natural for us to live like that, to switch from one continuity to the next, even though they are nothing alike, and to get our bearings. For example, just before reading this thesis, you were probably doing something that has nothing to do with what is being said here, your mind was in a different continuity. And after your reading session, you will pursue something else in you life. Despite the fragmentation of the various episodes, it is very rare to get mixed up and not knowing where we are. Nevertheless, some pathologies such as Alzheimer disease suggest that our mental sense of direction can be disturbed, and that we can indeed lose ourselves in the fragments of our own existence.And so we can wonder how our functional brain operates to naturally and quite effortlessly manage lives having a content that is so fragmented and mixed-up in time without ever getting lost. To study the perceptive and mnesic mechanisms involved in this continuity processing, what I do in my experiments is that I reproduce at a smaller scale our life fragmentation over time using minimalist video games. In my experiments subjects play several games, each game representing a continuity with its own cognitive context, past, present and future. From here, I manipulate several parameters to differentiate each game from each other, and I measure the impact it has on some performances and estimations. My goals are on the one hand to specify what makes a continuity (is it the activity, the goals, the relevance of information, …) and understand and investigate how our brain proceeds to move forward in time and manage the future. And on the other hand my goals are to make bridges between several fields of study that are relatively isolated from one another as of now : retrospective memory, prospective memory, prospection (simulation of the future), event segmentation, narrative cognition and time perception. So as to shed light on the global dynamics between all the mechanisms that makes the seams of our existence barely visible
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Miedzinski, Michal. "Public policy for long-term societal challenges? : the reframing of policy narratives and the 'Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe'". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/public-policy-for-longterm-societal-challenges-the-reframing-of-policy-narratives-and-the-roadmap-to-a-resource-efficient-europe(1ff73ad7-3fb4-486c-8b64-090ef44aa52f).html.
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This research examined how public policy addresses long-term societal challenges. The case study focused on policy narratives and frames of resource efficiency in the ‘Roadmap to a Resource Efficient Europe’ of the European Commission (EC). The study followed an interpretive constructionist perspective on public policy and assumed a research strategy based on a single critical case study. The literature review examined perspectives on policy narratives, frames, knowledge and social learning in the interpretive policy analysis and organisation studies literature. Foresight and futures literature also provided insights on the use and nature of knowledge and policy learning in the process of deliberation of future visions. The empirical enquiry was based on a series of in-depth interviews with policy stakeholders, formal EU policy documents and speeches as well as participation in targeted policy events. The thesis makes contributions in three areas. First, the study developed and applied a new conceptual and methodological approach – a policy narrative framework analysis(POLFRAME) – to examine different discursive and narrative layers of policy narratives of the resource efficiency agenda. The framework can lend itself to interrogate any policy narrative, notably ones with explicit or implicit future scenarios and vision. Second, the policy case study contributed to knowledge on the evolving EU policy area of resource efficiency, addressing challenges of the sustainable use of natural resources. The research provided insights into how a complex societal, economic and environmental challenge of resource efficiency was understood by different stakeholders and intentionally framed in the official policy narrative. The emerging EU agenda on resource efficiency was intentionally reframed to advance a broader approach to environmental policy that moves beyond a traditional goal of environmental protection towards a systemic transition of economic system to achieve decoupling of economic growth from environmental impacts. While the study found evidence of a significant shift in scoping the challenge, their framing has not led to radical changes in underlying normative assumptions on the relation between nature and society or on the central role of economic growth in transition. Third, the research discussed theoretical implications of introducing a long-term challenge-driven perspective to public policy narratives. Introducing a future vision to policy narrative added a stronger normative orientation to policy argumentation. The case study demonstrated that an inclusion of a long-term societal challenge to the resource efficiency agenda influenced the selection, interpretation and use of evidence in policy narratives. The design of challenge-driven long-term policies bears a family resemblance to the perspective of post-normal science. Finally, the thesis puts forward messages and recommendations for policy makers and practitioners interested in the process of radical policy reframing. It also suggests further research encompassing a comparative dimension and longer periods of enquiry of policy frames, which would allow for better understanding the effects of the reframing of policy on various phases of policy cycles.
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Law, Sze-man. "Deceleration of the narrative flow in the Heaven sword and dragon saber "Yi tian tu long ji" de yan huan xu shi yan jiu /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43209233.
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McIlfatrick, Orlene. "Iron Age pottery of northern and western mainland Scotland and the Small Isles during the Long Iron Age : typology and aspects of ceramic social narrative". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17901.
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The extensive collection of Iron Age pottery from antiquarian investigations of Atlantic Roundhouse sites in Caithness, Sutherland and the Small Isles (Inner Hebrides) provided an ideal opportunity to address several gaps in the academic understanding of pottery sequences outwith the Western Isles (Outer Hebrides). Until now no work of this kind for Caithness or Sutherland has been conducted, and the material culture of Skye and the Inner Hebrides has been subsumed largely into the broader sequences of their more westerly neighbours. The aim of the thesis is twofold. Firstly, to establish pottery sequences for three sub-regions of Atlantic Scotland; Northern Mainland, Western Mainland and Skye and Small Isles, using both antiquarian material and pottery from recent excavations. This comprises the first five chapters of the thesis. And secondly, within the following three chapters, utilizing two pieces of experimental research and a series of case studies, the author explores the social narrative of the ceramic assemblage, ultimately to better understand technological and cultural aspects of pot making and use.
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Turner, David. "Surfing the turbulence : fluctuations in self-perceptions of expertise in the long term developmental journeys of expert-like male sports coaches". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/19013.
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The aim of this study is to investigate how self-perceptions of expertise among sports coaches may develop, regress, and redevelop over time within the context of coaching, in light of recent reconceptualisations of expertise, expertise development, sports coaching, coach development, and adult learning. The developmental journeys of four expert-like sports coaches are explored using a life history/life course approach. Written life history accounts are gathered, and repeated semi-structured interviews undertaken (six per participant over two years), focussing upon critical incidents related to coach development and perceptions of expertise, to capture interpretations and feelings. Narrative inquiry is employed to investigate and represent participants' lived experiences, and how they create meaning and identity from them. Co-constructed storied accounts of expert-like coaches' developmental journeys are produced featuring local exemplary knowledge. Looking across the stories and their respective interconnections, to speculate on wider theoretical implications is a further aspect of the study. Theoretical standpoints from a new wave of literature across different subject domains, and a Bourdieusian perspective, are used as guiding interpretive frameworks. This study reveals a more nuanced and complex holistic portrayal of perceived expertise development in contrast to oversimplified conceptions that currently dominate in this field of inquiry. This uniquely longitudinal in-depth exploration of the lived developmental journey of expert-like coaches provides illuminating detail on the process, influences, and continuation of expertise development (that may inform the facilitation and flourishing of other practitioners); uncovering a more intricate conceptualisation of expertise development, encompassing the importance of change and adaptation upon ongoing and recursive (re)development.
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Miranda, Megan L. "The Experience of Foster Care and Long Term Attachment Outcomes into Adulthood". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1428366310.
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Nachtigäller, Kerstin [Verfasser]. "Long-term word learning in 2-year-old children - How does narrative input about pictures and objects influence retention and generalization of newly acquired spatial prepositions? / Kerstin Nachtigäller". Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1078112452/34.
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Nilsson, Christina. "Förlossningsrädsla : med fokus på kvinnors upplevelser av att föda barn". Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, HV, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-18750.
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Aim: The overall aim of this study is to describe experiences of, and the association between, fear of childbirth and birth experiences of women with fear ofchildbirth. Methods: In studies I, II, and IV, a reflective lifeworld approach based on phenomenological philosophy was used to describe women’s experiences of fear of childbirth (I), previous birth experiences (II), and fear of childbirth and of birth experience in a long-term perspective (IV). In study III, differences between women who reported fear of childbirth and those who did not were calculated using risk ratios with a 95 % confidence interval and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Data were collected from interviews with eight (I) and nine (II) pregnant women with intense fear of childbirth, and with six women who had sought care for intense fear of childbirth 7 to 11 years prior to the interview (IV), and via questionnaire from a sample of 763 women during pregnancy and again one year following birth (III). Findings: Fear of childbirth was described as “to lose oneself as a woman into loneliness” (I). Previous birth experience was described as “a sense of not being present in the delivery room and an incomplete childbirth experience” (II). Fear of childbirth was associated with a previous negative birth experience and a previous emergency caesarean section (III). From a long-term perspective, fear of childbirth and birth experience was described as “an effort to make all the pieces come together” (IV). Conclusions: This thesis generates evidence on the importance of previous birth experience for women with fear of childbirth, from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives. These perspectives illustrate the complexity where women´s experiences in the delivery room are central. To avoid creating fear of childbirth, it is important that maternity care services focus on women’s birth experiences and critically evaluate care in relation to childbirth.
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Moffett, Joe W. "Carnivalized narratives in the postmodern long poem". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1508.
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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 32 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-31).
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Bryson, Christen. "The "All-American" Couple. Dating, Marriage and the Family during the long 1950s with a Foray into Boise, Idaho and Portland, Oregon". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA106.
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Cette thèse espère contribuer à l’histoire socio-culturelle du couple américain durant la période d’après-guerre. En discutant du récit national au travers d’aspects qui sont souvent considérés comme évident – génération, âge, situation géographique, individu et institution ainsi que cultures locales et nationales – ce travail essaie de nuancer ces définitions catégoriques qui en sont venues à représenter les années 1950 et 1960 tout comme l’ubiquité du discours sur la culture nationale. Le mariage, la famille, le genre, la sexualité, faire la cour (dating), les pratiques sexuelles et la culture des jeunes forment le cadre par lequel cette étude essaie d’éclairer la norme incarnée par le couple blanc, hétérosexuel, de classe moyenne. En introduisant deux villes du nord-ouest des Etats-Unis – Boise dans l’Etat d’Idaho et Portland dans l’Etat d’Oregon – dans une réflexion portant sur le récit national, cet essai tente d’élargir l’histoire locale de ces deux villes et de complexifier l’analyse des conventions sociales. L’histoire orale associée à des documents issus des archives d’universités locales et d’annuaires étudiants (yearbooks) ont permis à cette étude d’observer comment l’expérience d’américains « ordinaires » diffère et s’accorde avec le récit national dans des villes qui n’ont reçus que peu d’attention universitaire durant cette période et sur ces thèmes. Les informations des recensements, les documents et les discours politiques de l’époque étayent le modèle répandu d’un couple cent pour cent américain, alors que les films éducatifs, les livres de bonnes manières et les rubriques de chroniqueurs ont permis à ce travail d’explorer le processus au travers duquel cet idéal s’est imposé. Ce modèle connait un âge d’or pendant la « longue décennie » des années 1950. La mémoire collective nous dit qu’il constitue alors le dernier phare de la tradition familiale mais aussi peut-être son point de rupture. Cet essai défend l’idée que cet archétype n’était ni traditionnel ni catalyseur de bouleversements. Le couple blanc et hétérosexuel de classe moyenne était plutôt le point culminant de facteurs politiques, sociaux, économiques et culturels qui ont finalement ébranlés le couple « traditionnel », ce modèle ayant échoué à véritablement incarner les idéaux de la nation qu’il était supposé représenter. A la fin de la « longue décennie » des années 1950 cette norme représentait un statu quo, alors que les jeunes qui devaient perpétuer son héritage avaient consciemment et inconsciemment déjà commencé à saper ses fondationsThis thesis hopes to contribute to the postwar socio-cultural historiography on the American couple. In putting the national narrative into a discussion with some of its oft taken for granted aspects—generation, age, location, the individual and the institution, and local and national cultures—, this work attempts to provide nuance to the categorical definitions that have come to characterize the 1950s and the 1960s as well as the pervasiveness of the national culture’s voice. Marriage, family, gender, sexuality, dating, sexual activity, and youth culture are the framework through which this study has tried to elucidate the standard embodied in the white, middle-class, heterosexual couple. In incorporating two cities in the northwest United States—Boise, Idaho and Portland, Oregon—into a discussion about the national narrative, this dissertation tries to widen their local histories and complexify national convention. Oral histories paired with documents from the local universities’ archives and yearbooks have allowed for this work to look at how “average” Americans’ experiences differed from and coincided with the national narrative in places that have received very little scholarly attention on this time and these themes. Census data, scientific studies, political documents and speeches substantiate the pervasiveness of the “All-American couple,” while educational films, etiquette books, and advice columns have helped this thesis explore the process through which the ideal came into being. This model experienced a heyday during the long 1950s. Dominant memory tells us that either it was the last beacon of familial tradition or the breaking point for change. This dissertation contends that the archetype was neither traditional nor the catalyst for change. Rather the white, heterosexual middle-class couple was a culmination of political, social, economic, and cultural factors that ultimately undermined the “traditional” couple because it failed to truly embody the ideals of the nation it was purported to represent. By the end of the long 1950s, this model had become the status quo, but the young people who were to carry it into the future had consciously and unconsciously began chipping away at its foundations
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Masland, James Gillinder. "Narratives of romantic masculinity within the long eighteenth century". Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679298161&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Myers, Jonathan. "Changing the tune : conceptualising the effects of the global financial crisis on stakeholder perceptions of corporate value". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/21101.
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Could shareholder primacy, with its assumed short-termist practices, have had its day when it comes to managerial activity centered on creating corporate value? Many business and opinion leaders appear to take this position, not least Jack Welch who famously declared 'shareholder primacy is the dumbest idea in the world!' Indeed, in a post-Crash economy has a wider stakeholder focus with a longer-term outlook superseded any business notions of shareholder primacy and wealth maximization? This research examines these possibilities through a consideration of the narrative companies produce, such as annual reports. From this corpus material, an assessment is made of whether UK managers' perceptions about corporate value generation changed over the period covering the worldwide financial crisis, with respect to their relative favouring of shareholders and stakeholders. The corpus of narrative material used is visualized as a conceptual space in which a conversation reflecting perceptual bias to the generation of corporate value occurs. To explore such corpuses, in order to compare narratives at points either side of the 2008 Crash, a new methodology was devised called narrative staining. Hence, a detection and visual mapping over the period was made possible of managers' changing perceptions concerning primacy (shareholder or stakeholder orientation) with its mediation by termism (a short or long-term bias). Termism is also originally conceived as part of a larger temporal category, which includes a sense of urgency to act (urgent versus non-urgent) that is similarly examined. The investigation reveals that over time perceptual change about value creation happened, though in unanticipated ways. Companies pre-Crash were often short-term stakeholder oriented then moved post-Crash to a long-term shareholder orientation. A focus for this study was the corporate domain, consisting of a selection of FT250 companies. However, managerial perceptions about corporate value creation are influenced not simply by the conversation of the corporate domain but rather by a multi-actor conversation taking place throughout the business environment. To comprehend this effect, the research mines further corpuses that comprise the UK's regulatory domain (hard and soft law), the press (Financial Times and other newspapers), and relevant peripheral stakeholder organizations (including the Confederation of British Industry, the Institute of Directors, and the Trades Union Congress). These organizations demonstrated more complex, unforeseen, perceptual effects as the financial crisis proceeded with many aligning according to their political or business agenda, which also impacted any sense of urgency to act they had. There appears to be no previous attempt at an extensive and multivariate analysis of this nature. And the findings challenge prevalent characterizations of shareholder and stakeholder behaviour. Moreover, the research shows that utilizing a wide set of stakeholder corpuses acts a viable proxy for broader financial perspectives amongst UK organizations. The technique of narrative staining therefore provides insights, hitherto inaccessible, for assessing and consolidating large-scale perceptual bias regarding value creation across the economy. The technique also has significant potential for other applications.
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Schinkel, Marguerite Lucile. "Long term prisoners' accounts of their sentence". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7782.
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This thesis examines how long-term prisoners make sense of their sentence: what they see as its purpose, whether they think it fair and how they integrate their sentence in their life story. Its findings are based on narrative interviews with six men at the start of their sentence, twelve men who were about to be released and nine men who were under supervision in the community. The men interviewed felt the prison largely failed in its purposes of reform, rehabilitation and deterrence, even though these outcomes were much desired, as almost all wanted to desist. Reformative efforts were seen as overly relying on cognitive behavioural courses in the prison, which, because they were compulsory for progression within the prison, were attended by many who were not motivated to engage with them. Furthermore, the men felt that they were treated as an aggregate rather than as individuals with individual needs and that this meant the necessary supports upon release were often not put in place. Meaningful communication about the relationship between the offence and the sentence was largely lacking. Any moral communication in the courtroom was hampered by the emotional demands on the men at the sentencing stage, their wish to manipulate the outcome in their own favour and their perception that court actors, too, manipulated processes, thereby lessening the moral standing of the court. However, despite the common perception of sentences failing to achieve any desired outcome and other complaints - about the inconsistency of sentencing, the standing of the court to judge and miscarriages of justice - almost all the men nevertheless positioned their sentence as fair (enough) in their narrative. While some referred to normative reasons to explain the legitimacy of their sentence, for others their acceptance was determined by their need to cope with the lived reality of imprisonment. This led to a strategy of ‘getting your head down’, which included accepting the ‘justice’ of one’s sentence, but also limiting thoughts of the outside world and minimising contact with family. Others positioned their prison sentence as transformative in order to be able to construct a progressive narrative and make sense of a desired future of desistance. However, the men on license after release generally struggled to maintain a projected upward trajectory and only felt able to desist by isolating themselves, thereby avoiding further trouble. The thesis concludes that long-term prison sentences could be rendered more meaningful through greater individual input and a dialogue about questions of purpose and meaning, possibly initiated by community criminal justice social workers. In order to promote desistance, it is important that those who are released have better chances to secure an alternative identity for themselves so that they can move into a new stage of their lives, rather than withdrawing from the world in order to desist.
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Machado, Luiza Casanova. "Longe da Água: o percurso traumático do herói contemporâneo". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12314.
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The contemporary corpus of Brazilian Literature has been revealing good (and young) writers in the past few years, for example, the Porto-alegrense Michel Laub, author of Longe da Água (2004), among other narratives. His work reflects a sensibility in the way he grasps events apparently without a great dramaticity or consistency, but which will trigger dramatic or traumatic consequences. From a critical and specific observation of the compositional elements of his novel, this study will focus on the generating tension in the narrative language of Longe da Água. Therefore, in this research, this novel will be analyzed and interpreted according to the theoretical postulates on genre and on the nature of the fictional representation. With the purpose of achieving the objective of understanding the way tension works in relation to the individual trajectory, against the problematics of time and its course, this novel will be investigated through the critical view provided by Brazilian and Western contemporary literary production, that map out their main features and trends, specially those regarding the narrative. From this perspective, it will be possible to comprehend the manner the crisis between the self and time functions, transforming this relationship (subject-time) into a violent and traumatic relation.O corpus da literatura brasileira contemporânea vem revelando bons (e jovens) escritores nos últimos anos, como, por exemplo, o porto-alegrense Michel Laub, autor de, entre outras narrativas, Longe da Água (2004). Sua linguagem narrativa reflete uma sensibilidade para captar acontecimentos aparentemente sem grande dramaticidade ou consistência, mas que desencadearão consequências dramáticas ou traumáticas. A partir da observação crítica pontual de certos aspectos composicionais da obra será enfocada a tensão que se gera na linguagem narrativa de Longe da água. Portanto, neste trabalho, será analisado e interpretado o romance de acordo com os postulados teóricos sobre o gênero e a natureza da representação ficcional. Com a finalidade de cumprir o objetivo de compreender como se dá a tensão entre percurso individual na obra do porto-alegrense Michel Laub, contra a problemática do tempo em seu percurso, a obra será pensada através de textos críticos que abordam a produção literária contemporânea brasileira e ocidental, em especial a narrativa, e que mapeiam seus principais traços e tendências. A partir disso é que será possível compreender como se dá a crise entre o eu e o tempo, transformando essa relação (sujeito–tempo) em uma relação violenta e traumática.
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Johnson, Mark. "High-risk and long-term : future narratives of the space industry". Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8926/.
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This thesis examines the use of future narratives in high-risk industries, using the case study of the United Kingdom (UK) space industry. Situated at the intersection of prior scholarly work on both futures and narratives, future narratives are stories, roadmaps or predictions that are orientated towards a long-term perspective – years or decades ahead – and seek to present a coherent outcome for a given technology. Drawing on a textual analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with actors in the public and private space sectors in the UK, this thesis proposes a three-part typology for understanding the forms of future narratives generated to promote, defend and further the cause of such technologies. The first is the finite future. This is a promissory narrative which has a clear goal, a clear end-point, and a number of systems for keeping those within a high-risk development programme tied to the success or failure of that programme. The second is the normalized future – this serves as a stark contrast to the promises of cutting-edge technology, innovation and exotic science from the earlier days of space technology, and positions space as a mundane and normalized technological industry that is merely ‘a part of everyday life’. The third is the adaptive future which consists of qualifications and other forms of credibility, and projects the viability and trustworthiness of a technology indefinitely into the future. By studying these narratives the thesis contributes to a body of work on high-risk technologies and the industries that produce them. The findings from the project lead me to argue that future narratives of this sort are crucial to understanding contemporary high-risk technologies; that the temporal dimension of such development programmes is of critical analytical importance; and that future narratives point the way towards subsequent research for understanding this particular form of technological development.
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Hess, Michael E. "The long walk with democracy : democratic teacher narratives in rural Appalachian Ohio /". View abstract, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3353543.
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Lake, Crystal B. Looser Devoney. "Ruin nation antiquarian objects and political narratives in the long eighteenth century /". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6694.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 25, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Devoney Looser. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Olcelli, Laura. "Questions of authority: Italo-Australian travel narratives of the long nineteenth century". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12581.
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This thesis investigates Italo-Australian literary travel exchanges throughout the long nineteenth century. The 1800s witnessed major transformations in Australian overseas travel: it gradually evolved from a replica of the Continental Grand Tour of the British, whose goals were the cities of Rome, Florence and Venice, to a more idiosyncratic cosmopolitan experience, either touristic or professional. Moreover, it was during the second half of this century that both Italy and Australia underwent crucial political upheavals; these resulted in shifts from colonial and subjugated status, to self-government and ultimately independence. This thesis connects the geographical, political and socio-cultural contexts of Italy and Australia by considering their interlaced odeporic library, produced at a significant time in history. It looks at key texts compiled by Italians in Australia, and Australians in Italy: these chiefly consist of voyage accounts, but also include the records of explorers, missionaries, scientists and migrants coming from the Italian peninsula. About one third of the primary sources are unpublished travel diaries compiled by the first Victorian women visitors to the Bel Paese, which have been largely neglected by scholarship thus far. This examination pinpoints the enduring significance of Italy in travel-related terms, showing how this destination was adapted from the map of eighteenth-century British Grand Tourists, to that of nineteenth-century Australian holiday makers. Most critically, it suggests that Italo-Australian peripatetic connections entail issues of authority, that emerge in the ways in which Italian and Australian travel writers displayed their authorship, cultural capital and national identification in relation to ‘the other country.’ Finally, it demonstrates how these are highly regulated by, and yet simultaneously challenge, British colonial hegemony.
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Hansrod, Samima. "Small trees bend on long shadows". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/230.
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The work here presented exploits and complements the maitrise (master's thesis) n comparative literature l presented in 1997 at the University Paul Valery in Monitpetlier, France entitled L’Ecriture d 'un Contour' (the Writing of a Story Teller). Just as does the present work, Story Teller explored the theme of loss.
The present thesis consists of two parts. First, a novel manuscript entitled ‘Small Trees Bend on Long Shadows’ and second, an essay, ‘Life after trauma’, which deals with the repercussions of trauma and the stages leading to a possible healing.
The. novel is written in the first person voice and in the present tense; it deals with the difficulty of leading a full life after a traumatic event. The heroine Firoza, when she returns home after having been kidnapped, decides to change her first name and move to another country, in order to try to overcome the pain she has suppressed.
The novel deals with the quest, both of culture and identity, of a young woman, whose first goal is to stay alive. ‘Small trees bend on long shadows’ is a novel where speech and writing are, once again, the means and the end.
‘Life after trauma’, the essay, examines the repercussions of the trauma. The main character’s evolution, until her healing is resumed, is explained and linked to theoretical texts and literature.
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Martire, Giulio. "Le Moniage Guillaume long. Édition critique. Modèles narratifs, modèles de culture". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLP018.
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Ce travail consiste en une vue multiperspective sur le Moniage Guillaume long, chanson de geste composée dans le dernier quart du XIIe siècle et transmise par 7 manuscrits. Cette thèse est divisée en trois sections : 1) étude philologique ; 2) édition critique, annexe et glossaire ; 3) étude des systèmes narratifs et des modèles de culture, qui émergent dans les deux branches principales de l’œuvre (Moniage ‘proprement dit’ et branche d’Ysoré). La première section est divisée en trois chapitres : Dans le premier, j’ai cherché de souligner les problèmes liés au rapport entre le Moniage Guillaume long (MGl) et le Moniage Guillaume bref (MGb). L’étude se poursuit avec une description des manuscrits qui transmettent le MGl et ensuite avec une présentation de la recensio, suivie par la proposition d’un nouveau stemma codicum, assez différent de celui disposé par le premier éditeur de cette chanson (W. Cloetta, 1906-1911). Une étude de la versification du poème achève le chapitre. Dans le deuxième chapitre, on introduit l’édition critique. D’abord, la discussion critique des deux précédentes éditions du MGl (Cloetta, Andrieux-Reix 2004), toutes les deux dépassées du point de vue méthodologique. Les principes de ma nouvelle édition sont donc exposés : Je propose une reconstruction du ‘subarchtype/adaptation’ A. Par la suite, les critères de transcription et la structuration de l’apparat critique sont exposés. L’apparat est fortement novateur : complexe mais simple à décoder, il est organisé en trois sections. Dans la première, j’ai présenté les interventions correctrices sur le ms. A4 (mon ‘manuscrit de référence’). La deuxième section est divisée en deux ‘champs’, à gauche et à droit : le premier contient la varia lectio de l’entière tradition ; le deuxième montre les ‘macro-variantes’. En outre, le champ droit de l’apparat est lié au texte critique par un système de ‘réclames’ ; de cette manière, le lecteur sera, espère-t-on, orienté plus aisément, dans une sorte de ‘triangulation’ parmi le texte et les deux champs de l’apparat. Le troisième chapitre consiste en une étude du ms. A4 et il est composé d’un paragraphe codicologique, d’une étude des enluminures et d’une brève analyse linguistique. La deuxième section du travail comprend l’édition critique du MGl, suivie par une annexe et un bref glossaire. La troisième section vise à analyser les modèles narratifs de deux branches du poème (la première et la dernière, les deux indubitablement ‘originaires’). L’analyse est fondée sur base morphologique : j’ai essayé de souligner les isomorphies entre ces récits et le 'meta-plot' défini par V. Propp dans son Morphologie du conte. J’ai utilisé le schéma de Propp pour orienter mon analyse : à chaque rencontre avec des fonctions narratives, j’ai tenté de renforcer l’étude avec des dossiers anthropologiques, en soulignant, en plus, l'interconnexion parmi les dimensions historiques et historico-littéraires. Parmi les travaux de Propp, ma référence a été l’œuvre Les racines historiques du conte merveilleux. Dans la clôture du chapitre, j’ai étudié l’entrelacement des ‘modèles du carnaval’ et des ‘modèles rituels’ qui émergent de la première branche, tout comme les indicateurs de ‘familiarisation’ (Bachtin) dans les deux branches extrêmes. Le focus central a été le rôle ‘à deux tranchants’ de la représentation de la nourriture : élément de familiarisation et, au même temps, ‘relais objectale’ de lutte idéologique. À cet égard, certains épisodes ont été privilégiés : l’analyse de la bagarre conventuelle, qui achève la première branche, a donné le ton de la recherche. L’étude a été donc étendue à la rencontre entre Guillaume et les larrons et à la première expérience du héros au sein de l’abbaye (laisses VII-XVII)This work aims at presenting a muliperspectival view on Le Moniage Guillaume long, chanson de geste composed in the last quarter of XIIth century and transmitted by seven manuscripts. My work is divided in three main sections: 1) Philological study; 2) Critical edition, annex and glossary; 3) Study of the narrative models and of the cultural models, which emerges in the two main branches of the poem (Moniage ‘proprement dit’ and branche d’Ysoré). The first section is divided in three chapters: In the first chapter, some of the issues related to the connection between Moniage Guillaume long (MGl) and Moniage Guillaume bref (MGb) are studied. The study proceeds with a description of the manuscripts through which the MGl is transimitted, then with a presentation of the recensio, followed by the proposal of a new stemma codicum, rather different from the one provided by the first editor of the chanson (W. Cloetta, 1906-1911). A study of the versification of the poem concludes this chapter. In the second chapter, the critical edition is introduced. I start from the critical discussion of the two previous editions of the MGl (Cloetta 1906-1911, Andrieux-Reix 2004), both methodologically outdated. The principles of my new edition are therefore outlined: I propose a reconstruction of the ‘subarchetype/adaptation’ A. Subsequently, the transcription criteria are exposed as well as the critical apparatus. This apparatus is highly innovative: it is organized in three sections. In the first of them, the corrective interventions on A4 (my manuscript de référence) are pointed out. The second section is divided in a left and a right field: the first one contains the varia lectio of the whole tradition; the second one shows the ‘macro-variants’ (verses belonging to the others subarchetypes, omissions of A and of the others subarchetypes, inversions etc.). Further, the right field is linked to the critical text with a réclames system; in this way the reader will be more easily oriented, in a sort of ‘triangulation’ between text, right field and left field of the apparatus. The exposition of the ratio of the reconstructive interventions concludes the chapter. The third chapter consists in a study of the ms. A4 and it is composed of a codicological paragraph, a study of the enluminures, and a linguistic study. The second section of my work consists in the critical edition of MGl , followed by an annex and a little glossary. The third section consists in the study of the narrative models of the poem’s first and last branches (the two undoubtedly ‘originals’). The analysis relies on a morphological basis: the adhesion of the récits to the meta-plot enucleated by V. Propp in his Morphology of the fairy-tale is certified. I used the Propp’s scheme as a guide for my narrative analysis: whenever I found out a narrative function, I substantiated the study with anthropological dossiers, pointing out the interlink between the historical and historico-literary dimension. Among Propp’s works, my ideal reference of The Historical Roots of the Wonder Tale. In the concluding part, the interweaving of ‘carnival models’ and ‘ritual models’ emerging in the first branche is studied, along with ‘familiarizing’ (Bachtin) indicators in the first and in the last branche. In particular, the main focus is the double-edged role of the representation of food: ‘familiarizing’ element and objectual relais of ideological struggle at the same time. In this regard, certain episodes have been privileged: the analysis of the conventual bagarre, which concludes the first branche, will set the pace of the research. The study is then extended to the meeting between Guillaume and the robbers and to the first experiences of the hero within the abbey (laisses VII-XVII); some class dialectics proper to the Central Middle-Ages (relationship between great aristocracy, monks and sergents) are underlined in this part
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Reimann, K. A. "On their own account : pirate narratives and pirate writers of the long eighteenth century". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260104.
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Cloutier, Fisher Denise. "Long-term care restructuring in rural Ontario, retrieving community narratives through a case study approach". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0020/NQ55620.pdf.
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May, Vanessa. "Lone motherhood in Finnish women's life stories : creating meaning in a narrative context /". Åbo : Åbo akademi university press, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37713574d.
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Rossoni, Emir. "A sociedade do romance : bastidores da cria??o da narrativa longa "Telentrega"". Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2017. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/7572.
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The Society of the Novel, teorethical part of this work, draws a viewpoint of the transformations occurred in the society, along with those occurred in the novel, starting with Miguel de Cervantes?s Don Quixote. Without being exhaustive, this work seeks to connect the transformations that society and the novel have endured and the ways those two fields of study have related. Telentrega (Delivery), the creative part of this work, is a long narrative created from the precepts of Zygmunt Bauman's Liquid Modernity. Based on Bauman's liquid and solid concepts, I have tried to create the form, the profile and the actions of the characters.
A Sociedade do Romance, parte te?rica deste trabalho, tra?a um panorama com as transforma??es ocorridas na sociedade, juntamente com as ocorridas no romance, a partir de Dom Quixote, de Miguel de Cervantes. N?o ? um trabalho exaustivo, mas procura relacionar as transforma??es que sociedade e romance t?m sofrido e a forma como esses dois campos de estudo t?m se relacionado. Telentrega, parte criativa do trabalho, ? uma narrativa longa criada a partir dos preceitos da Modernidade L?quida de Zygmunt Bauman. Com base nos conceitos de l?quido e s?lido de Bauman procurei criar a forma, o perfil dos personagens e suas a??es.
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Moura, Manuela Menezes de Almeida. "Significações e ressignificações de violência doméstica ao longo da vida: as narrativas de adultos vitimados na infância ou adolescência". Instituto de Psicologia, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18985.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender as significações e ressignificações da violência doméstica, ao longo da vida, construídas por adultos vitimados na infância e/ou adolescência. Para introduzir e fundamentar o tema, foram discutidos os conceitos de família e de violência doméstica intrafamiliar e seus desdobramentos. O referencial teórico adotado foi a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, na perspectiva proposta por Bruner, com destaque para os conceitos: significação, ressignificação, canônico, ruptura do ca-nônico e constituição do si-mesmo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com o uso da entrevista narrativa. Os participantes foram dois adultos, uma mulher e um homem, de 25 anos e 26 anos, respectivamente, que sofreram violência doméstica intrafamiliar na infância e na adolescência, escolhidos por conveniência. A coleta de dados ocorreu em um consultório de psicologia. As entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio, para posterior transcrição e análise. Os dados foram categorizados e analisados de forma coerente com a estratégia de análise qualitativa, orientada pelos pressupostos da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e, mais especificamente, pelos conceitos propostos por Bruner. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os participantes trouxeram significações e ressignificações a res-peito de episódios de violência doméstica intrafamiliar, ocorridos ao longo da infância e da adolescência. Na narrativa de Bernardo, foi identificado um histórico de violência sexual, perpetrada pelo primo, e de violência física e psicológica, perpetrada pelos pais. Já a narrativa de Isabela mostrou que o tipo de violência sofrida foi o abandono emoci-onal, cometido pelo pai. Os dois participantes referiram-se a cânones sobre família, cui-dado e função parental, e o participante Bernardo relatou, também, cânones referentes a infância e adolescência. Houve experiências de rupturas de cânones nos dois casos, a partir das quais foram analisadas as estratégias construídas para lidar com estas rupturas. Por fim, pode-se analisar a constituição do “si-mesmo” dos participantes, construídos a partir das suas narrativas. Concluiu-se que as significações acerca da violência sofrida passam por ressignificações ao longo do tempo, sempre atreladas a condições de vida dos participantes. Destaca-se a possibilidade de superação dos danos relacionados à violência, desfazendo-se a visão fatalista e estática de danos imutáveis. The present research aimed to comprehend the interpretations and reinterpretations of the domestic violence throughout life, built by adults victimized in childhood and/or adolescence. To introduce and ground the theme, the concepts of family and intra-family domestic violence and its developments were discussed. The theoretical approach adopted was the Historical-Cultural Psychology in the perspective proposed by Bruner, highlighting the concepts: interpretation, reinterpretation, canonical, rupture of the canonical and constitution of the self. It is a qualitative research, using the narrative interview. The participants were two adults, a woman and a man of 25 years and 26 years respectively, who have suffered intra-family domestic violence in childhood and adolescence, chosen for convenience. The data collection occurred in a psychology clinic. The interviews were recorded in audio for posterior transcription and analysis. The data were categorized and analyzed coherently with the qualitative analysis strategy, oriented by the assumptions of Historical-Cultural Psychology, and more specifically, the concepts proposed by Bruner. The outcomes showed that both participants brought interpretations and reinterpretations about episodes of intra-family domestic violence that occurred throughout childhood and adolescence. In Bernardo's narrative, a historic of sexual violence was identified, perpetrated by his cousin, and physical and psychological violence, perpetrated by his parents. While Isabela's narrative showed that the type of violence suffered was emotional abandonment, committed by the father. The two participants have referred to canons on family, care and parental function, and the participant Bernardo also reported canons referring to childhood and adolescence. There were experiences of ruptures of canons in both cases, from which the strategies built to deal with these ruptures were analyzed. Finally, one can analyze the constitution of the "self" of the participants, constructed from their narratives. It was concluded that the meanings about the suffered violence passed by reinterpretations over time, always linked to conditions of the participants' life. It stands out the possibility of overcoming the damage related to violence, undoing the fatalistic and static view of immutable damage.
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Jones, Shawn. "A Long Road to Travel: Narratives of African American Male Preservice Educators' Journeys through a Graduate Teacher Eduaction Program". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/msit_diss/78.
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The ongoing research concerning African American males enrolled in teacher education
programs is essential for a number of reasons. Research specifically addressing preservice
teaching, teacher education, and the African American male student is needed to promote the
well-being of any school of education. According to McCray, Sindelar, Kilgore, and Neal
(2002), colleges of education have addressed the issue of underrepresentation and under
population of African American teachers through policy reform and financial support.
The narratives of African American male preservice teachers and their perspectives on
teacher education may provide a context for other researchers seeking to understand how and
why African American males move into the field of education. More importantly, one particular
way to enhance and advance the cause of the African American male preservice teacher is to
accept a “culturally sensitive practice” (Tillman, 2002, p. 3) and insure epistemological and
research practices unfamiliar to many teachers of preservice teachers are approved and
embraced.
This study is situated in a cultural, racial, and gendered point of view seeking to highlight
the individual and shared experiences of three African American male preservice teachers
enrolled in a graduate teacher education program. Stabilized through the lens of critical race
theory (CRT), the gathering of counter-narratives provided the context to allow the research
participants a vehicle to name their own reality.
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SANTOS, WILLIAM SOARES DOS. "THE LONG WAY TO DAMASCUS: WEB OF CHANGE AND STREAM OF CHANGE IN NARRATIVES OF RELIGIOUS CONVERSION". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10681@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICONesta pesquisa o autor analisa a construção de narrativas de conversão religiosa em situação de entrevista, tendo-se em vista a perspectiva do presente e o processo de mudança envolvido. Tais narrativas são testemunhos da passagem de uma condição de existência ruim para uma melhor, nos quais o contraste entre o presente e o passado se faz especialmente visível. Em relação ao processo de mudança, os narradores indicam compreender que a conversão se dá num momento inesperado de iluminação. A análise das narrativas, no entanto, evidenciam que essas mudanças ocorrem dentro daquilo que o autor chama de rede de mudança: a construção discursiva de uma ampla rede de relações sociais que possibilita a (re)construção identitária. O autor propõe, ainda, que a construção discursiva da conversão propriamente, seja examinada através da noção de fluxo de mudança. Esta noção aponta para a compreensão de que as transformações na identidade social, não podem ser localizadas em um ponto específico. Embora o autor trabalhe com a análise de narrativas de conversão religiosa, ele argumenta que tais noções podem ser aplicadas no estudo de narrativas que contenham outros tipos de conversão, já que uma das características centrais de diferentes tipos de tais narrativas, é a ênfase na transformação identitária.
In this research the author investigates the construction of narratives of religious conversion through the use of interviews. These narratives are testimonials of the passage from a bad life condition to a better one, in which the contrast between the present and the past is especially visible. In relation to the process of change, the narrators indicate that they understand the conversion as happening in an unexpected moment of illumination. The narrative analysis points out that those changes occur in what the author refers to as a web of change: the discursive construction of a broad web of social relations that gives rise to the possibility of identity (re)construction. The author also proposes to examine the discursive production of the conversion through the notion of stream of change. This notion indicates that the transformation of the social identity can´t be located in a specific point. Although the author has worked with narratives of religious conversion, he proposes that these notions can be used in the study of narratives concerned with other types of conversion, since one of the central characteristics of such narratives is the emphasis upon the transformation of identity.
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Pearson, Frank. "Descending caves : descent narratives and the subterranean science and literature of the long eighteenth century, 1680-1830". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/126261/.
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Caves form a major element in both scientific and literary writing in the long eighteenth century and function as a crucial part in the transformation of the perception of wild mountain landscapes. Despite this, the role of caves has been critically neglected. This thesis re-examines the writing of this period to uncover the place and importance of caves. From readings of the catastrophic biblical flood, where caves enabled the flood waters to rise and fall from within the Earth, to a far-reaching synthesis of laboratory and fieldwork experiments into the chemical dissolution of limestone, caves attracted wide-spread scientific and cultural appreciation. The role of water in the formation of limestone caves has been the basis for all theories; the major discoveries and advances in knowledge are in how water forms them. Fused with these discoveries, reworkings of mythical descent narratives in poetry, novels and travel journals led to the evolution of a sub-genre in eighteenth-century literature and nascent ideas of the subconscious. The archetypal form of the classical descent narrative is based on the transformative experience of a descent underground and a return to the surface, and this framed the discourses that represented caves and the experiences of descending them, whether they were tangible or imagined. The changing perception of caves was an influence in many scientific and cultural fields, including: knowledge of earth science and the eventual specialization of geology with the assistance of chemistry, the debates over the meaning of nature and god, the development of aesthetic theories and their application to the landscape, and the growth of domestic travel and tourism. The genres of natural philosophy, poetry, prose fiction and travel writing formed the representational discourse of caves through a remarkable degree of dialogue and intertextuality. Those who wrote in this genre blended the causal and the aesthetic understanding of subterranean space before subject specialization would divide them. The representations, instabilities and transformations of this strange subterranean environment are principally illustrated in the writings of John Hutton and William Wordsworth at the end of the long eighteenth century. Their pivotal writings absorbed the material that preceded them and shaped it for the scientific and literary writers that followed. They formed the field of cave and karst science and established the cave as the central metaphor for the creative imagination.
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Thomas, Leah. "Literary Landscapes: Mapping Emergent American Identity in Transatlantic Narratives of Women's Travel of the Long Eighteenth Century". VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/589.
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This dissertation examines intersections of the development of maps from the Native American-European encounter to the establishment of the New Republic and transatlantic British and American narratives of women’s travel of the long eighteenth century. Early European and American maps that depict the Americas analyzed as parallel “texts” to canonical and lesser-known women’s narratives ranging from 1688 to 1801 reveal further insights into both maps and these narratives otherwise not apparent. I argue that as mapping of the New World developed, this mapping influenced representations of women’s geographic and social mobility and emergent “American” identity in transatlantic narratives. These narratives, like maps of the New World, reveal disjunctures in representation that disseminate deceptive portrayals of the New World. Such discrepancies open a rhetorical gap, or a thirdspace, of inquiry to analyze the gaze at work within these cartographic and women’s narratives. The representations of women’s geographic and social mobility remain constricted within the selected narratives of women’s travel. While the heroines do travel, in most cases they travel as captives or in some form of escape. These narratives include Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko (1688), Unca Eliza Winkfield’s The Female American (1767), Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte Temple (1794), and Tabitha Tenney’s Female Quixotism (1801), among others. However, these narratives do highlight similarities of an emergent “American” identity as Native American, hybrid, and fluid as represented in contemporaneous maps. Literary Landscapes also addresses the narrativity of maps as auto/biographical and even satirical expressions as related to the women’s narratives analyzed in this study. For, J. B. Harley discusses how a map conveys his own life and contains his memories in his essay “The Map as Biography,” while Roland Barthes argues that mapping is a sensorial experience in his brief essay “No Address.” Furthermore, allegorical maps like Jean de Gourmont’s The Fool’s Cap Map of the World (ca. 1590) and Madeleine de Scudéry’s Carte de tendre (1678) reflect aspects of the human condition such as folly and friendship.
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Figueiredo, Samira Coutinho. "Comida como narrativa: histórias de vida sobre experiências alimentares ao longo da vida". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11184.
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CNPQ
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo interpretar as narrativas alimentares dos sujeitos através de suas historias de vida. Compreendendo que a comida vai além de sua materialidade ou uma necessidade biológica primária do ser humano, ela é invólucra em dimensões simbólicas e culturais que influenciam de sobremaneira no comer dos indivíduos. Por isso, é importante, reconhecer que as experiências alimentares dos indivíduos são influenciadas pelo meio social onde vivem. A partir disto, para o resgate destas experiências, utilizou-se a memória como recurso humano da lembrança, sendo essencial para que o passado se torne presente nas narrativas dos indivíduos. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa são moradores de um Bairro, em que suas experiências alimentares falam de uma cultura, de um lugar e de uma sociedade com suas peculiaridades. O referencial metodológico utilizado foi narrativas de vida. A partir do reconhecimento que este método permite analisar os componentes socioculturais que influenciam nas práticas alimentares dos indivíduos. Concluiu-se que quando os sujeitos foram estimulados com a idéia de rememorar, re-lembrar, os sujeitos teceram teias de relação do comer com o bairro, partilha da comida com o outro, períodos de dificuldades financeiras, mudanças sócio-políticas e desafios vividos. As lembranças no decorrer do tempo manifestaram as experiências alimentares vividas pelos sujeitos através de tradições, da manifestação de uma memória do coletivo que acabaram se tornando o suporte de continuidade e de preservação do social.
Salvador