Literatura académica sobre el tema "Logistica del gas"

Los procesos de distribución de mercancías deben conciliar los intereses económicos de las empresas, que buscan mayores niveles de rentabilidad a través de disminución de los costos y mejoras del nivel de servicio, con los impactos negativos que se producen a la sociedad y al medio ambiente, como es el caso de la contaminación química y problemas de calidad de vida, como la generación de congestión vehicular y accidentes. En este articulo se presenta la comparación de tres modelos que analizan los costos logísticos asociados a la distribución de mercancías y las emisiones de gases efecto invernado que generan dicho procesos. Estos modelos utilizan el Problema de Ruteo de Vehículos (IRP) como base para optimizar las actividades logísticas, a partir del cual, mediante enfoques multobjetivo se analizan las emisiones de CO2. Como principal resultado del articulo se observa que los modelos multiobjetivo permiten encontrar una combinación adecuada entre los costos logísticos y las emisiones, que sea atractivo para empresas y la sociedad.

Logistics plays a basic supporting role in the growth of national economy. However, tail gas, noise, and traffic congestion caused by logistics have a negative impact on the environment. An effective evaluation mechanism for sustainable development of urban logistics industry is necessary. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a common tool for efficiency evaluation. But, DEA has a limited effect on resource allocation in advance because it is ex-post evaluation. It requires input-output indications and the output is after-the-fact data. This defect is particularly prominent in the evaluation of ecological logistics because pollution indicators belong to ex-post output data that threaten the human environment. First prediction and then evaluation is a possible idea. In addition, DEA efficiency ranking does not have a good discrimination due to its coarse granularity. To solve the issues, combining DEA with the Bayes method, we propose an efficiency evaluation model without after-the-fact data, where an efficiency level is predicted and an evaluation value is calculated according to different investment combinations. Then, it is applied to logistics industries of Jiangsu province in China. The results show that our DEA-Bayes method has good discrimination and is easy to operate; a city with geographical advantage and environmental awareness generally gets a higher efficiency score. So the method can help decision makers to allocate resources rationally and further promote the coordinated development of logistics industry.

Background: The coronavirus pandemic is an epidemiological and psychological crisis. The elderly population is considered to be high risk for potential complications arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, and this fact can also potentially lead to anxiety symptoms amongst the elderly. Therefore, a study was conducted to assess the anxiety symptoms in elderly living in few major cities of Rajasthan state in India. Methods: The study was conducted from April 2020 to May 2020 using an online questionnaire which measured the levels of anxiety amongst the elderly population (age ≥ 65 years) living in the community via the GAD-7 (General Anxiety Disorder-7) scale. Responses were received from 162 participants. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression. The level of statistical significance was kept at p value < 0.05. Results: Around 69.14% of the participants belonged to the age group of 65 -74 years; 61.72% of whom were male. Moreover, up to 82.72% of the participants were suffering from one or more chronic medical illnesses. Based on the GAD-7 scores, 30.25%, 12.35%, and 6.17% of the respondents were suffering from mild, moderate, and severe forms of anxiety, respectively. After applying a ≥ 5 score as a cut off score for the GAD-7 scale, 48.77% of the elderly participants were experiencing anxiety symptoms indicating further assessment. In those respondents with anxiety symptoms, significant association was observed with age (p = 0.00), sex (p = 0.04), and the zone of residence (p = 0.00). On the other hand, no significant association was observed with the presence of chronic medical illness such as Diabetes, Hypertension, COPD, etc. with anxiety symptoms (p = 0.77). Conclusion: This study has revealed a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms among the elderly population during the COVID-19 pandemic lock down. We recommend that a pre-planned strategy should be prepared for early identification of vulnerable elderly in the community who are at a greater risk of suffering from anxiety disorder under this stressful period.

The article reveals the essence of the conceptual approach to "green" technologies in the logistics activities of enterprises. The concept of "green" technologies has been clarified as technologies that use environmentally safe production processes and supply chains in comparison with the production methods traditionally used at enterprises. The role and opportunities of Ukrainian environmental logistics in the European Green Deal have been studied. It has been established that the European Green Deal is a program of the European Union aimed at protecting the climate and the environment. This program is aimed at making the economies of the European Union countries more resource-efficient, canceling greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 and separating economic growth from the use of natural resources. Currently, Ukraine is only planning to join the European Green Deal, declaring in the National Economic Strategy the intention to achieve climate neutrality by 2060. The state and general trends of the development of strategic logistics infrastructure projects of Ukraine in the context of the implementation of the Green Deal and Digital Europe programs are analyzed. The Europian Green Deal is a dynamic instrument that is at the stage of formation. The purpose of the article is the development of theoretical and methodological foundations, applied recommendations regarding the prospects of "green" technologies in the logistics activities of Ukrainian enterprises: their concepts and features of implementation within the framework of the European Green Deal and Digital Europe programs, "European Union for the Environment" (EU4Environment), development of sustainable logistics in Ukraine, features of application in specific logistics processes, problems and prospects, logistics strategy of Ukrainian enterprises. The process of applying "green" technologies in supply chain management is analyzed. In the logistics chain, processes related to supply, production, warehousing, transportation and distribution are involved, therefore, logistics activities are focused not only on the internal business processes of the enterprise, but also have a significant impact on the environment and contribute to the emergence of negative environmental consequences. In connection with the above, the concept of "green" (sustainable) supply chains, which provides for a minimal harmful impact on the environment during the implementation of logistics business processes, has recently become widespread.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a series of disruptions in production and transportation. After the reduction in mortality from COVID-19, trade, and tourism began to accelerate sharply, which resulted in increased demand, primarily for air transport. And then, there came a special intervention of Russia in Ukraine. During the ongoing intervention, the transport infrastructure in Ukraine was damaged significantly. The EU actively joined the war and adopted a series of sanctions to undermine Russian economic and financial ability to wage war. That led to the closure of the EU airspace for Russian aircraft, the closure of the EU ports to Russian ships, the banning of Russian transport operators, and bans on the export of goods and technology to the aviation, maritime, and space sectors. Pipeline transport is also under attack. The United States and several countries introduced similar bans. The sanctions caused a backlash and also affected transport in the EU, leading to difficulties in traffic, gas, and oil supply. Western airlines also cannot fly to or through Russia. Bottlenecks emerged in supply chains and the need to bypass traditional routes. That increased travel time and costs significantly. Transport companies faced restrictions from both the the Western countries and the Russian Federation. In connection with the 'special' operations in Ukraine and the Western sanctions, the transport situation in the Russian Federation has also deteriorated significantly. This paper will not deal in detail with the causes of crises but their effects on transport.

The purpose of the study is to develop theoretical and methodological foundations for the development of tools for assessing the level of financial and technical efficiency of oil and gas companies and identifying reserves for improving efficiency based on the influence of external and internal factors. The theoretical basis of the research consists of the authors' works devoted to the problems of assessing financial efficiency, technical efficiency, innovation, market and environmental efficiency of companies. Modeling was carried out on the basis of tools for building DEA models, logistic regression, methods of correlation and regression analysis using the functionality of the software product R. The data of 7 companies with the largest revenue in the oil and gas industry by the end of 2020 and macroeconomic indicators of the financial and economic market of the Russian Federation are also components of the information base of the study. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of theoretical provisions and methodological tools for evaluating the effectiveness of companies in effective identification by assessing financial and technical efficiency, developing models of the phenomenon and forecasting the effectiveness of companies in the oil and gas industry.

Most of the easy subsea oil and gas reserves have been discovered and are being developed. In the search for future reserves, subsea oil and gas developments are moving into deeper and colder water, often with longer tiebacks. Conventional techniques using chemicals may prove unviable to deliver technically and economically into these environments due to the volumes required and the supply-chain logistics involved. Other techniques such as depressurisation can be difficult to operate successfully for long flowlines in colder environments. This has driven the need for a new generation of economical, efficient, and easier-to-operate flow-assurance management techniques. To address these more challenging environments, a number of alternative flow-assurance management techniques have been developed and are now available to operators. One of these is known generically as Active Flowline Heating (AFH). Rather than using passive insulation, AFH technologies maintain production by heating the flowline wall and transferring the heat to the contents to keep them above hydrate or wax formation temperatures. This extended abstract looks at the status of a number of AFH technologies: Open or wet direct electrical heating (open DEH) Closed or dry direct electrical heating (closed DEH) Electrically trace heated pipe in pipe (ETH PIP) Integrated production bundles (IPBs) Rigid pipe bundles In the right circumstances, these technologies can provide economical, easy-to-operate, and reliable alternative flow-assurance management techniques. This presentation also addresses potential applications for these technologies in subsea oil and gas developments of the future.

The Australian oil and gas industry is in a period of substantial challenges, including a significant decline in oil prices, fluctuating spot gas prices, a relentless drive for operating efficiency, and tight capital allocation, together with increased regulatory scrutiny and a reputation for below-standards productivity. On the upside, these market challenges provide significant opportunities for companies to bring in new investors, implement new operating models, apply innovation to update processes and practices, and restructure activities. Making material step-changes, requires companies to review, amend, and update joint venture operating agreements (JVOAs). KPMG has worked with many of Australia’s leading oil and gas companies on a range of joint venture engagements. This extended abstract outlines why JVOAs need to be reviewed with respect to the following key opportunities and challenges: Fast-changing global business operating models. Available cost savings by eliminating inconsistent management and operating models between joint ventures. Planning for potential restructuring, including separation of infrastructure (e.g. plants, pipelines, support) from reserve ownership. Sharing of services (e.g. maintenance and logistics) between unrelated joint ventures. Transparency of costs and asset performance. Improved joint venture governance (not more or over-governance) between participants to attract investment. Effective resourcing, noting the right transition of capabilities between deal-makers and joint venture operators. With this extended abstract the authors aim to provide ideas for consideration. Each of these ideas will impact JVOAs. The authors’ proposition is that now is the right time to complete a comprehensive review of JVOAs to enable organisations to move fast as new and innovative opportunities arise.

Introduction The global health emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has put healthcare professionals in an unprecedented challenge, considering them extremely at risk population. Objectives To estimate the prevalence of clinically significant mental disorders and to assess associated factors among Consorci Sanitari del Maresme workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We made a descriptive cross-sectional study. All workers were invited to participate in an online survey during May 2021. Individual characteristics and frequency of direct exposure to COVID during professional activity were assessed. We used three Spanish versions of psychometric scales: the Patient Health Questionnaire to evaluate depressive symptomatology, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, which detects anxiety, and the 4-item version of the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 for PTSD screening purposes. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 355 workers participated. Overall, 31% met the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (PHQ-9> 9), 36% for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7> 9) and 22% for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PCL-5> 7). It has been found that young adult, women, those with prior mental disorders or those with greater exposure to COVID-19 are risk factors for any current mental disorder. Conclusions There are large mental healthcare needs among healthcare professionals. There is a clear need to closely monitor the extent to which these needs are adequately met. In the design of measures and interventions to reduce this impact, an individualized approach should be considered while taking into account sociodemographic variables, psychiatric history and the frequency of direct exposure to COVID-19. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Shell’s Namibia Wildcat Encounters Light Oil Supermajor Shell has struck light oil with its Graff-1 exploration well offshore Namibia, according to the country’s national oil company, a partner in the probe. The National Petroleum Corporation of Namibia (Namcor) confirmed the discovery. Partners in the Orange Basin well included Shell Namibia Upstream and QatarEnergy. The probe was located about 270 km away from Oranjemund, and was drilled to a total depth of 5376 m in water depths of 2000 m. The drilling operations on Graff-1 utilizing the Valaris DS-10 drillship began in early December 2021 and were completed in early February. “While we can learn a great deal from the results of Graff-1, we anticipate that further exploration activity, including a second exploration well, will be required to determine the size and recoverable potential of the identified hydrocarbons,” Namcor said. TotalEnergies has drilled the Venus-1 well in a neighboring block to the west where results are imminent. Shell Namibia Upstream operates the Graff find with 45% interest; QatarEnergy also holds a 45% stake; Namcor holds the remaining 10% interest. Namcor said extensive laboratory analyses will be performed in coming months to gain a better understanding of the reservoir quality and flow rates potentially achievable. Eni’s First Offshore Exploration Well in Abu Dhabi Strikes Gas Eni has encountered gas shows in its first exploration well, XF-002, currently drilling in offshore Block 2, northwest of Abu Dhabi, in 115 ft water depth. The interim well results indicate a range of 1.5–2.0 Tcf of raw gas in place in multiple good-quality reservoirs of the Jurassic exploration targets. The drilling operations will continue targeting the deeper exploration targets of the Khuff and Pre-Khuff formations. Eni has a 70% stake and operates offshore Block 2, which was awarded in January 2019 as a result of the first-ever competitive bid round for exploration blocks launched by ADNOC. PTTEP holds the remaining 30%. Eni has been present in Abu Dhabi since 2018. The company is the operator of three exploration licenses and has a participation with ADNOC in three offshore development and production concessions: Lower Zakum (5%), Umm Shaif and Nasr (10%), and Ghasha (25%). W&T Offshore Acquires US GOM Producing Properties W&T Offshore closed an acquisition of oil-and-gas-producing properties in US GOM from ANKOR E&P and KOA Energy. The operator paid $30.2 million for stakes in the Ship Shoal 230, South Marsh Island 27/Vermilion 191, and South Marsh Island 73 fields. The deal adds (internally estimated) proved reserves of 5.5 million BOE (69% oil) and proved and probable, or 2P, reserves of 7.6 million BOE (75% oil). The deal also adds more than 50 gross producing wells (average working interest of 80%) across the three shallow-water fields. Myanmar Coup Leads to Operator Exodus Thailand state oil and gas explorer PTTEP looks set to take over Myanmar’s biggest gas field as TotalEnergies and Chevron confirmed their exits, citing the worsening humanitarian situation following a coup. A move by PTTEP to become operator of Yadana field, in which it already has a 25.5% stake, would keep vital gas supplies flowing to Thailand and Myanmar. Both TotalEnergies and Chevron were part of a group operating the Yadana gas project off Myanmar’s southwest coast along with the Moattama Gas Transportation Company that runs a gas pipeline from the field to Myanmar’s border with Thailand. PTTEP would have an 85% stake in Yadana if it took all the interest held by TotalEnergies and Chevron. PTTEP already operates Myanmar’s smaller Zawtika field with an 80% stake; Myanmar’s state energy firm Myanma Oil and Gas Enterprise holds the remaining 20%. Yadana produced 770 MMcf/D of gas in 2021, of which 570 MMcf/D was supplied to Thailand and the rest used to generate Myanmar’s electricity. New Malaysian Bid Round Launched State-owned Petronas is offering 14 exploration blocks, six clusters of discovered resource opportunities (DRO), and one cluster of late-life assets (LLA) in its Malaysia Bid Round 2022 launched in late January. The 14 exploration blocks on offer are in prolific geological provinces within the Malay, Sabah, and Sarawak basins. Most of these blocks contain existing oil and/or gas discoveries. The six DRO clusters are Meranti, Ubah, Baram Jr., A, C, and D, mostly in shallow water and near existing production infrastructure. In addition, the single LLA, which includes a cluster of three fields named the Abu Cluster, provides the opportunity for a new operator to sweat the remaining oil in place using existing facilities. Petronas is also offering technical study arrangements for two exploration areas in southern Malay Basin and northwest Sabah Basin to offer investors a better understanding of the potential of the acreages prior to submitting a bid proposal. Petronas is hosting a virtual data room which will be accessible from launch until the end of June 2022, allowing potential investors to conduct data review during the bid-round period. Equinor Secures 26 New Production Licenses Equinor has been awarded 26 new production licenses by Norway’s Ministry of Petroleum and Energy in the 2020 Award in Predefined Areas. A dozen of the licenses have the company as operator with the remaining 14 as partner. The production licenses are divided as follows: 12 in the North Sea, 10 in the Norwegian Sea, and four in the Barents Sea. In 2022, Equinor plans to take part in around 25 exploration wells, mainly near existing infrastructure. Most of the wells will be drilled in the North Sea, some in the Norwegian Sea, and a few in the Barents Sea. Petrobras Details Potiguar Cluster Asset Sale to 3R Petrobras has signed a deal to sell 100% of its interest in 22 concessions of onshore and offshore production fields, along with its infrastructure situated in the Potiguar basin (together called the Potiguar Cluster) in the Rio Grande do Norte, north of Brazil, to 3R Potiguar, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of 3R Petroleum Óleo e Gás, for $1.38 billion. The transaction also includes the Potiguar Clara Camarao refinery with a processing capacity of 39,600 BOPD. 3R Potiguar will pay Petrobras $1.04 billion at closure and four annual installments of $58.75 million each until March 2024. The agreement will require regulatory approval from Brazil’s National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas, and Biofuels (ANP). The Potiguar Basin comprises three subclusters (Canto do Amaro, Alto do Rodrigues, and Ubarana), having an aggregate of 22 fields across 19 onshore and three offshore concessions, and incorporates access to the infrastructure necessary for processing, refining, logistics, storage, transportation, and export of oil and natural gas. Ubarana subcluster concessions are in shallow waters around 10 km and 22 km off the coast of the municipality of Guamaré-RN, while subclusters Canto do Amaro and Alto do Rodrigues are onshore. The average output from three of these subclusters last year was 20,600 BOPD and 58100 m3/d of natural gas. Neptune Energy Increases Production From Gjøa Platform Production from the Neptune Energy-operated Gjøa platform in the Norwegian North Sea increased by 2 million BOE from 2020 to 2021. Gross production over the Gjøa platform ended on 42 million BOE in 2021, compared with 40 million BOE in 2020. Just over three-quarters (76%) of the production was gas, all of which is exported through the FLAGS pipeline to the St. Fergus Gas Terminal in the UK. The increased production was due mainly to production startup from the Gjøa P1 infill development in February and the Duva field tieback in August. In addition, production from the tieback field Vega, operated by Wintershall Dea, and the Gjøa field itself, has been better than expected. Estimated reserves on the Gjøa field have increased by 38% since the Plan for Development and Production was approved in 2007. Neptune expects to add a fourth tie-in field to the Gjøa facilities—Wintershall Dea’s Nova field. In addition, the operator plans to drill two exploration wells in the area and will continue to mature other nearby discoveries and exploration opportunities as tie-in candidates. Kuwait’s KUFPEC Makes First Operated Offshore Discovery in Indonesia Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company (KUFPEC) has confirmed its subsidiary KUFPEC Indonesia has made a commercial discovery of natural gas and condensate in the Anambas Block, offshore Indonesia. The discovery was made via the Anambas-2X well, which was drilled using a jackup rig in 288 ft of water to a total depth of 10,509 ft. Located in the Natuna Sea near an existing block in which KUFPEC is a partner, the Anambas Block was awarded to KUFPEC Indonesia through a competitive bidding process in 2019. The block is fully operated by KUFPEC Indonesia with 100% interest. The company conducted two drillstem tests so far, one in the Lower Gabus formation and the other in the Intra Keras formation. These tests resulted in a stabilized combined flow rate of

2009/2010
Lo scopo della presente ricerca è quello di investigare le interdipendenze di prezzo tra i diversi mercati, con particolare attenzione agli impatti che le infrastrutture fisiche e il loro funzionamento hanno avuto sulla struttura di dipendenza della dinamica dei prezzi relativamente al caso Transitgas. A partire dall’analisi dei Day Ahead Prices sulle principali Borse Europee impattate dalla chiusura del gasdotto (APX-Olanda, EEX-Germania e PSV- Italia), e dalle simulazioni di possibili scenari di aumento di capacità gas per il PSV, sono state tracciate le principali problematiche del Sistema Gas Nazionale nell’ambito di organizzazione, regolamentazione e pricing, proponendo nel contempo alcune direttrici ed azioni di intervento per risolvere le principali criticità, attraverso: 1).la presentazione di un quadro completo e sistemico della letteratura; 2). la valutazione degli aspetti più importanti della regolamentazione del settore identificandone le principali fonti di rischio presenti nel mercato (AEEG, 2008); 3). l’analisi dei modelli esistenti della liberalizzazione nel mercato del gas (Fiorenzani, 2009) ed il relativo studio dei meccanismi di funzionamento dell’industria del gas naturale; 4). la comprensione delle modalità di determinazione delle tariffe e dei meccanismi di pricing all’interno della business supply chain del gas naturale (Portatadino, 2004); 5). l’individuazione e la scelta delle soluzioni idonee a dare liquidità, competitività e flessibilità al mercato scegliendo quale modalità di trasporto sia più efficiente ed efficace (AIEE, 2006). Sono state individuate alcune previsioni e prospettive sul mercato del gas Italia (possibili scenari e trend) per orientare gli investimenti e sapere come devono muoversi gli operatori per evidenziare quali sono gli elementi necessari per sviluppare il mercato, brevemente: a). presenza di un hub che sia in grado di concentrare la liquidità commerciale; b). presenza di una borsa del Gas Italiana (P-Gas) per aumentare la liquidità, la flessibilità di sistema e ridurre i prezzi; c). presenza di maggiori infrastrutture (potenziamento gasdotti o GNL); d). evoluzione dello stoccaggio strategico. Sono state formulate inoltre ipotesi di linee guida per operare con successo e sfruttare tutte le opportunità all’interno della complessa filiera gas: riduzione contratti take or pay con diversificazione delle fonti di approvvigionamento; assetto di mercato favorevole alla concorrenza; gas release pluriennali che inducano un comportamento di offerta concorrenziale condizione fondamentale perché la futura Borsa Gas possa produrre suoi benefici effetti.
XXII Ciclo
1981

Logistics activities are performed in order to balance the operational chains of firms. The selection of the Third Party Logistics (3PL) is a challenging task for each organization, which involves various factors and attributes. The presented methodology acts as a boon and aids the decision makers for effectively choosing the appropriate Third Party Logistics (3PL) network. In the revealed work, the authors explored fuzzy sets theory and presented a fuzzy AHP model to facilitate the managers of organizations to deal with the Third Party Logistics (3PL) decision making problems. The overall performance of defined Third Party Logistics (3PL) Service Providers are greatly influenced by many significant parameters: quality, reliability, service assurance, shipment cost, customer relationship, etc. The authors have considered various significant parameters: service level, financial security capabilities, location, global presence, relationship management, and client fulfillment representing first level indices. These parameters have chain of various sub-parameters, represented as second level indices, whose importance is affecting the judgment of the decision makers. Various researches have constraint their work up to first level indices and have not considered the second level indices, which is a crucial part of today's practical decision making process. The authors have considered this issue as research gap and transformed this research gap into research agenda. The authors applied an AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) accompanied with fuzzy set theory in order to solve industrial Logistics problems. The objective of chapter is to propose a fuzzy based AHP method towards solve benchmarking (preference orders of defined alternatives under criteria) problems. The presented method facilitates the managers of firms to make the verdict towards choosing the best Third Party Logistics (3PL) service provider. A numerical illustration is provided to validate the method application upon module.

Fruits, particularly tropical fruits, have a high moisture content, distinct morphological characteristics, and physiological changes, all of which contribute to their high rate of perishability. Nonetheless, their organoleptic and nutritional qualities make them one of the most important horticultural products. Fruit coating, which imitates natural packaging, is a postharvest solution that is practical and cost-effective for a variety of applications, including on-shelf display, transportation, and storage in support of the supply chain of fruits and vegetables. Gas and moisture permeability, microbiological resistance, and esthetic enhancement are the coating functions. Using modified materials and procedures, edible coatings for fresh and freshly cut fruits are currently being developed. Edible coatings infused with essential oils or volatiles may help to prevent disease resistance while also providing consumers with a fragrant preference. When considering how to advance fruit coating technology when agricultural wastes are the primary source of new coating materials, composite coatings, nanoparticles, encapsulation, and multiple-layer coatings all hold a great deal of promise. Future research may center on the optimal material for particular fruits during the logistics phase.

Container terminals play an important role in linking regional and continental areas for the exchange of goods. Port authorities have to provide their services under competitive prices and service levels to customers. This increasing competition pushes feeder ports to improve their processes. The goal is to increase the port capacity to deal with the increasing demand for containers and, at the same time, to reduce the environmental impact and operative costs. The authors address the gap in the literature regarding alternatives for feeder ports. They analyse best practices adopted in international terminals and evaluate the implementation in feeder ports. They apply a quantitative approach using the simulation software AnyLogic. The model uses market data to analyse the vessel unloading process at the berth. Moreover, an alternative to reduce the CO2 emissions for diesel equipment is presented. A flowchart for the vessel unloading and loading operations is proposed that includes the strategies to increase capacity and efficiency of operations and the utilisation of equipment.

Europe’s prosperity relies on effective transport systems. Any attacks and disturbances to land freight and passenger transport would have significant impact on economic growth, territorial cohesion, social development and the environment. Unfortunately, there are weaknesses in the land transport security.The objective of CARONTE project is define a future research agenda for security in land transport that focuses on core gaps caused by emerging risks while avoiding any doubling-up of research elsewhere. Its research agenda will cover all threats, including cyber-crime, and security aspects across all modes of land transportation. At the same time, it will respect the fundamental human rights and privacy of European citizens. The step-by-step method of CARONTE’s consortium has analyzed the state of the art and emerging risks; has identified gaps, analyses and assessments of potential solutions; and has produced an overall research agenda for the future. CARONTE’s results will answer the following questions among others: Which existing research projects merit a follow up and extension?Where are the combinations or synergy effects to be attended?Which themes and topics should be elaborated in new research projects?Who should be involved and integrated in future research projects (stakeholders, authorities, etc.)? The CARONTE consortium includes universities and research institutes, companies, and end-users providing with experience in research and consultancy in transportation, logistics, infrastructure management, security and communications. ITENE - Instituto Tecnológico del Embalaje, Transporte y Logística- has been one of the Project partners among a total of 11 members from eight different countries in the European Union which have also been supported via a High Level Advisory Board.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.3272

Abstract A novel implementation of an economical, self-sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for tight gas field production monitoring in a remote location in Tierra Del Fuego, allows early-stage production measurements necessary in the unconventional reservoir analysis for the field recovery process optimization. This innovative solution is based on the development of a portable skid designed for production test measurement in a multi-well pad, that combine a multiport selector valve and a multiphase flow meter, making possible to remotely select a well to measure and transfer flow data in real time. The commands for the well selection and the data transmission can be done via satellite with an encrypted software directly from the Operator's office. A PhotoVoltaic (PV) solar panel was developed to provide a reliable self-sufficient power for the entire system from 100% clean energy. Located in Chile's Tierra del Fuego region, the Magallanes Basin comprises two main structural regions: a normal faulted eastern region and a thrust faulted western area. These remote tight gas fields undergoing rapid decline are big challenges to explore, develop and produce economically. They demand a close initial surveillance through timely production tests to acquire representative data, which allows consolidation of a reservoir analysis and development methodologies to optimize ultimate and cost-effective recovery. An innovated approach was successful implemented for production monitoring using the Multiphase Measurement Skid, which provided the required data quality and frequency along with flexibility to perform production test in multiple wells, all remotely controlled from the Operator's office. The entire system is self-sufficient and powered by solar panels designed, which brings sustainability avoiding the use of generator and dealing with fuel logistics making this solution environmentally friendly carbon-free emission. Such sustainable and self-sufficient solution to monitor single to multiple wells (up to eight), combines an automated multiport valve system with multiphase measurement technology for remote operations. Its operation is simple and efficient, amd it provides a continuous data stream of well test information to the production and reservoir engineers managing the field.

One of the challenges of transporting Natural Gas Liquids (NGL) is to ensure that the flow should be delivered with standards of safety, reliability, and efficiency while conducting repairs on the pipeline. This paper discusses the difficulties that had to be overcome to repair a damaged NGL pipeline by third parties performed in the Andean Mountains in Ayacucho, Perú, on NGL pipeline operated by Compañía Operadora de Gas del Amazonas (COGA). This pipeline and a parallel one also operated by (COGA) are the main source of supply of NGL and Natural Gas (NG) to the city of Lima, capital of Perú. To repair the Third-Party damage, an emergency committee COLE by its acronym in Spanish (Local Emergency Operative Committee) was formed with the purpose to coordinate the actions for the execution of the repair and meet the Quality, Safety, Social and Environment standards. The committee had an important tool, the Operational Contingency Plan, which provided guidelines for dealing with an emergency. The job required isolating a section of 14-inch NGL transportation pipeline and a bypass to keep the pipeline operational. The work had a tight schedule that needed to be followed to reduce the environmental, safety and service risks. The situation presented several challenges including the use of double barriers to safeguard personnel and facility equipment during the pipeline repair. This double block methodology had to be applied to meet environmental and safety concerns. The damage was located at 4,495 meters above sea level (masl). The strike caused an NGL leak resulting in the installation of an NGL containment and storage system. This location lacked the logistical facilities for the attention of a pipe repair operation, adverse conditions of cold climate, desolate land and other conditions that had to be overcome. This paper discusses how social, safety, environment and logistical challenges were overcome to repair a damaged caused by third parties in an NGL pipeline, which resulted in timely repair completion and uninterrupted flow of NGL.

In Ecopetrol’s Office of the Vice-president of Transportation and Logistics, one of the principal inputs for formulating plans for the management of sites with geotechnical findings is the verification and validation of the information compiled in right-of-way patrols, by a standardized database that contains the geotechnical findings according to a defined typology. The purpose of doing this is to deal with, on a timely basis, geotechnically complex zones based on the identification and characterization of geotechnical findings (recurrence and activity, among others), and to provide feedback to the Geotechnical and Risk Zoning models, with a view toward their being much better adapted to reality and making it possible to identify the gaps that distract the analysis models from the actual condition of the asset. This document describes the experiences along this line that have been filed over the course of recent years and shows the relevance of each component to the objective of establishing management plans of a preventive nature.

Empresa Nacional del Petro´leo (ENAP) is an energy company, wholly owned by the Chilean Government. With regards to overall management, the company comprises of two Business Divisions: Exploration and Production (Up-stream) and Refining and Logistic (Down-stream), complemented by corporate managerial structures. The objective of ENAP’s Exploration and Production (UpStream) business line is the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons (oil and natural gas) in the South of Chile (Magallanes) and abroad, as well as geo-thermal energy, in this case, associated with private entities in areas of Northern Chile. Within the Magallanes region ENAP operates approximately 2,200 km of natural gas, crude oil and refined product pipelines. These pipelines range in diameter from 4 to 20 inch and the majority of pipelines are over 30 years old. Due to operational reliability reasons, since 1998 ENAP has been regularly inspecting its pipelines using intelligent in-line inspection tools. Furthermore, since 2006, as part of an overall pipeline integrity management plan ENAP has been conducting Fitness for Service assessments on selected pipelines including a risk-based assessment considering pipeline condition and the impact on the continuity of operation. The Integrity Management Plan implemented by ENAP in the Magallanes region has been applied to all pipelines transporting gas, crude oil and refined products, including those built after 1990. This plan comprises the construction phase, from which invaluable information is gathered for later use. The primary aims of ENAP’s integrity management plan are: - To protect the public; - To protect the surrounding environment by preventing pipeline failures; - To ensure efficient usage of the budget available to conduct maintenance tasks; - To prevent damage to the pipelines, e.g. due to corrosion activity; - To provide clarity of activities being performed by ENAP in order to ensure an efficient, safe and reliable pipeline system. This paper provides a description of the integrity management strategy adopted by ENAP and includes a review of a number of the challenges encountered during its implementation.

The Camisea Pipeline Transmission System (PTS), owned by Transportadora de Gas del Perú (TgP) in Peru, consists of two parallel pipelines, a Natural Gas (NG) pipeline and a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) pipeline. The NG pipeline is 834 km in length, including a 105 km loop. The LNG pipeline is 557 km in length. The first 210 km, are defined as having Amazonian geotechnical characteristics, with the presence of sedimentary and metamorphic rocks and a deposit of materials that are easily altered, which are associated with the transition between the Amazon plain and the Andes mountains. The area between km 210 and km 420 is defined as a mountainous sector with materials having better mechanical properties while the section between km 420 and km 730 located in the coastal sector and has erosive processes such as those associated with wind erosion, seismic activity, alluvial deposits, etc. Due to the variety of geological and geotechnical circumstances of the TgP’s RoW, its PTS incorporates many types of geotechnical monitoring in order to maintain and increase the reliability and integrity of the system. In several sectors not all of the types of monitoring are applicable. Some types of monitoring are: inclinometers and piezometers, aerial surveillance, patrolling, strain gauges (SG), topographic, GIS images (satellite, laser, radar, etc.), culverts, geotechnical optical fiber, accelerometer stations, etc. This article describes some unprovoked errors that can occur in a complex operation (in terms of logistics, geological, geotechnical and socially), in the development of geotechnical monitoring activities of an RoW. Some of the errors that can occur are: • Unacceptable photographic record through aerial surveillance; • Damage to the coating during topographic verification; • Field reports with incorrect data; • Incorrect SG records; • Improper placement of equipment over the pipeline; • Incorrect records in the GIS database; • Errors in the topographical record; and • Inexperience of monitoring staff, etc. However, occurrence of the above-mentioned errors has been lessened through improved operating procedures. These procedures are based on discussions from the various “lessons learned” sessions, which improved: • the appropriate recording of conditions identified in the field; • the labor climate; • crosswise communication between the different areas; and • the preventive approach within the operation of the PTS.

People who inject drugs (PWID) and other marginalized populations with high hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rates represent a unique challenge for treatment initiation due to health, administrative and social barriers. We analyzed the HCV cascade of care (CoC) in some vulnerable subpopulations in Madrid, Spain, when using a mobile point of care. to identify gaps and barriers to improve HCV elimination efforts in these populations. Methods: From 2019 to 2021, a mobile unit was used to screen for HCV using a linkage-to-care and two-step point-of-care-based strategy. Viremic participants were grouped into four subgroups: PWID, homeless individuals, people with a mental health disorder (MHD) and people with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Logistic regression and Cox and Aalen’s additive models were used to analyze associated factors and differences between groups. Results: A prospectively recruited cohort of 214 HCV infected individuals (73 PWID, 141 homeless, 57 with a MHD and 91 with AUD) participated in the study. The overall HCV CoC analysis found that: 178 (83.1%) attended a hospital, 164 (76.6%) initiated direct-acting antiviral therapy and 141 (65.8%) completed therapy, of which 99 (95.2%) achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). PWID were significantly less likely to initiate treatment, while individuals with AUD waited longer before starting treatment. Both people with AUD and PWID were significantly less likely to complete HCV treatment. Conclusions: Overall, SVR was achieved in the majority of the participants treated. However, PWID need better linkage to care and treatment, while PWID and AUD need more support for treatment completion.

Abstract Objectives/Scope Downhole Annular Barrier (DAB) systems employed in intervention can correct integrity and conformance control issues during well lifecycle, extending the productive term in a safe and costeffective manner. These emergent wireline technologies come with unique challenges for logistics, quality control, and engineering, but can also provide solutions to difficult problems, with high value to spend ratio, in the non-rig intervention sector. The paper will review one such successful intervention, completed offshore Trinidad W.I., in a gas well presenting long term Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP). The desired end state of the well was A-Annulus at 0 psi SCP, which would return the well to a safe state and permit a planned infrastructure project to move ahead. Methods, Procedures, Process Operational objective was isolation of the casing annulus pressure from the source by injecting epoxy into the annular space at depth, forming a 360-degree pressure barrier. The project can be broken down into three main sections. The paper and presentation will address each section with its specific challenges, learnings, and outcomes: Onshore Epoxy and Tool Preparation Each Downhole Annular Barrier job employs a custom recipe epoxy suited to the planned logistics timing and expected bottomhole conditions. Quality control of the epoxy recipe and mixing process as well as temperature control of the batch after mixing is key to the sealing properties of the final epoxy plug. • An Epoxy Lab and Mixing Station was dismantled, air freighted, and reconstituted in Trinidad near to the field operations port. Special insulated offshore CCU were built to transport and contain filled epoxy canisters while maintaining low temperature requirements (near to 0 deg C for up to 30 days). • Build and System Integration Testing (SIT) of the downhole system (anchoring, stroking, hydraulic testing, perforation, and injection) with the electric line system (conveyance, telemetry, power). Offshore Job Execution The DAB system employed is designed to complete multiple operations in a single trip into the well, including perforating and high-pressure epoxy injection, with precise position control and monitoring. This is made possible with the multi-function modular tool. The operation was dynamic by design and contingencies were implemented based on the well response. Multiple epoxy annular plugs were placed into the A Annulus at depth, with high pressure injection. Results, Observations, Conclusions Well Response and Assessment Utilizing advanced annular surface monitoring technology and PvT analysis, precise assessment of the annulus pressure build was recorded throughout the operation. Once the project criteria were met, the operation was successfully concluded.