Tesis sobre el tema "Localisation inverse"
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Tsou, Chun-Hsiang. "Target identification using electroreception". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM099/document.
Texto completoElectrolocation is the name given to the sensor ability for certain electric fish robots, which are able to detect electrostatic perturbations caused to the presence of some objects in their neighborhood. This ability to interpret an electrical signal to locate itself in space opens important perspectives, including in the field of biologically inspired robotics. Mathematically, electrolocation is linked to the electric impedance tomography: so it’s about a non-linear inverse problem, particularly ill-posed problem. We will, in this Phd, study some methods of reconstruction, which could be obtain robustly some characteristic of the obstacle’s shape, rather all of their geometry details. So, it’s about to study the stability between the observable part of the obstacles and the errors of measurements
Essouayed, Elyess. "Développement d'une stratégie de localisation d'une source de contaminants en nappe : mesures innovantes et modélisation inverse". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30006/document.
Texto completoContaminated sites management and remediation can be complex and require a significant investment to locate the contaminant source, which delivers the higher pollutant mass fluxes. The study proposes a strategy for contaminant source localisation using in situ measurement and inverse modelling. First, an innovative tool was developed to measure groundwater velocity in a well. The developed tool called DVT (Direct Velocity Tool) made it possible to measure a low Darcy flux. Laboratory and field tests were performed with the DVT and compared to other velocity measurement tools. By combining the DVT with a local concentration measurement, it is possible to calculate the mass fluxes passing through wells. Then the thesis present the inverse modeling used for source localisation and parameters estimation. The study was done on two synthetics cases using the non-linear optimisation method. To adapt the method to a real management of polluted sites, an iterative strategy is developed by imposing a limited addition of new observations to each modeling phase. This strategy is base on the Data Worth approach. Source localisation results on the two synthetic cases made it possible to judge the method applicability to a real site problem. The source localisation strategy is then applied to a real site with (i) mass flux measurement with velocities (DVT) and concentrations and (ii) inverse modeling. The modeling phases made it possible to locate the new wells and helped the source localisation. Nevertheless, by analysing the results more precisely, the hydraulic conductivity field estimated by the optimisation did not correspond to reality. In addition, contaminant mass fluxes highlightes two distinct zones of flux. By analysing the pollutant ratio of the site, it appears that two plumes are potentially present. Thus, another inverse modeling phase has been tested (i) to locate the two potential sources and (ii) to estimate the chemistry of the site. Results of the strategy were compared to the geoprobe campaign which confirmed the second source location
Spencer, Troy Allan. "Inverse diffraction propagation applied to the parabolic wave equation model for geolocation applications". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16681/1/Troy_Allan_Spencer_Thesis.pdf.
Texto completoSpencer, Troy Allan. "Inverse diffraction propagation applied to the parabolic wave equation model for geolocation applications". Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16681/.
Texto completoCosta, Facundo hernan. "Bayesian M/EEG source localization with possible joint skull conductivity estimation". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0016/document.
Texto completoM/EEG mechanisms allow determining changes in the brain activity, which is useful in diagnosing brain disorders such as epilepsy. They consist of measuring the electric potential at the scalp and the magnetic field around the head. The measurements are related to the underlying brain activity by a linear model that depends on the lead-field matrix. Localizing the sources, or dipoles, of M/EEG measurements consists of inverting this linear model. However, the non-uniqueness of the solution (due to the fundamental law of physics) and the low number of dipoles make the inverse problem ill-posed. Solving such problem requires some sort of regularization to reduce the search space. The literature abounds of methods and techniques to solve this problem, especially with variational approaches. This thesis develops Bayesian methods to solve ill-posed inverse problems, with application to M/EEG. The main idea underlying this work is to constrain sources to be sparse. This hypothesis is valid in many applications such as certain types of epilepsy. We develop different hierarchical models to account for the sparsity of the sources. Theoretically, enforcing sparsity is equivalent to minimizing a cost function penalized by an l0 pseudo norm of the solution. However, since the l0 regularization leads to NP-hard problems, the l1 approximation is usually preferred. Our first contribution consists of combining the two norms in a Bayesian framework, using a Bernoulli-Laplace prior. A Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used to estimate the parameters of the model jointly with the source location and intensity. Comparing the results, in several scenarios, with those obtained with sLoreta and the weighted l1 norm regularization shows interesting performance, at the price of a higher computational complexity. Our Bernoulli-Laplace model solves the source localization problem at one instant of time. However, it is biophysically well-known that the brain activity follows spatiotemporal patterns. Exploiting the temporal dimension is therefore interesting to further constrain the problem. Our second contribution consists of formulating a structured sparsity model to exploit this biophysical phenomenon. Precisely, a multivariate Bernoulli-Laplacian distribution is proposed as an a priori distribution for the dipole locations. A latent variable is introduced to handle the resulting complex posterior and an original Metropolis-Hastings sampling algorithm is developed. The results show that the proposed sampling technique improves significantly the convergence. A comparative analysis of the results is performed between the proposed model, an l21 mixed norm regularization and the Multiple Sparse Priors (MSP) algorithm. Various experiments are conducted with synthetic and real data. Results show that our model has several advantages including a better recovery of the dipole locations. The previous two algorithms consider a fully known leadfield matrix. However, this is seldom the case in practical applications. Instead, this matrix is the result of approximation methods that lead to significant uncertainties. Our third contribution consists of handling the uncertainty of the lead-field matrix. The proposed method consists in expressing this matrix as a function of the skull conductivity using a polynomial matrix interpolation technique. The conductivity is considered as the main source of uncertainty of the lead-field matrix. Our multivariate Bernoulli-Laplacian model is then extended to estimate the skull conductivity jointly with the brain activity. The resulting model is compared to other methods including the techniques of Vallaghé et al and Guttierez et al. Our method provides results of better quality without requiring knowledge of the active dipole positions and is not limited to a single dipole activation
Buchoud, Edouard. "Détection, localisation et quantification de déplacements par capteurs à fibre optique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENU021/document.
Texto completoFor structural health monitoring, optical fiber sensors are mostly used thanks their capacity to provide distributed measurements. Based on the principle of Brillouin scattering, optical fiber sensors measure Brillouin frequency profile, sensitive to strain and temperature into the optical fiber, with a meter spatial resolution over several kilometers. The first problem is to obtain a centimeter spatial resolution with the same sensing length. To solve it, source separation, deconvolution and resolution of inverse problem methodologies are used. Then, the athermal strain into the structure is searched. Several algorithms based on adaptative filter are tested to correct the thermal effect on strain measurements. Finally, several methods are developed to quantify structure displacements from the athermal strain measurements. They have been tested on simulated and controlled-conditions data
Nguyen, Hong-Minh. "Une stratégie d'identification robuste pour la localisation et la rupture". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00140895.
Texto completoLes difficultés rencontrées dans ces cas résident dans la non-linéarité et le caractère instable du problème de minimisation sous contraintes non linéaires auquel la formulation nous amène. Une extension de la méthode LATIN aux problèmes mal posés a été proposée et développée afin de permettre la résolution itérative de ce type de problèmes d'optimisation. La résolution de ces derniers fait appel à une méthode de traitement robuste issue du contrôle optimal et basée sur l'équation de Riccati.
Une fois ces difficultés résolues et dans les cas simples unidimensionnels traités pour le moment, la stratégie d'identification proposée s'avère très robuste face aux perturbations des mesures même dans le cas très sévère de la localisation et de la rupture.
Bertrand, Théo. "Méthodes géodésiques et apprentissage pour l’imagerie de microscopie par localisation ultrasonore". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD024.
Texto completoUltrasound Localization Microscopy is a new method in super-resolved Medical Imaging that allow us to overcome compromise between precision and penetration distance in the tissues for the imaging of the vascular network. This new type of images raises new mathematical questions, especially for the segmentaton and analysis, necessary steps to achieve medical diagnostic of patients. Our work is positioned at the intersection of geodesic and Machine Learning methods. In this thesis, we make three contributions. The first of these is centered on the constraints linked to ULM images and proposes the tracking of the entire vascular tree through the detection of key points of blood vessels appearing on the image. The second contribution of this thesis deals with learning to define Riemannian metrics to handle segmentation tasks on brain MRI data and eye fundus images. The final part of our work focuses on an inverse problem for reconstructing contrast agent trajectories in medical images in the context of grid-free super-resolution
Sambolian, Serge. "Tomographie des pentes à cohérence cinématique fondée sur des solveurs eikonals et la méthode de l’état adjoint : Théorie et applications à la construction de modèles de vitesses et localisation d'événements". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4002.
Texto completoVelocity model building is a key step of seismic imaging since inferring high-resolution subsurface model by migration or full waveform inversion (FWI) is highly dependent on the kinematic accuracy of the retrieved velocity model. Stereotomography, a slope tomographic method that exploits well the density of the data, was proposed as an alternative to conventional reflection traveltime tomography. The latter is based on interpretive tracking of laterally-continuous reflections in the data volume whereas stereotomography relies on automated picking of locally coherent events. The densely picked attributes, namely the traveltimes and their spatial derivatives with respect to the source and receiver positions, are tied to scatterers in depth. More recently, a slope tomography variant was proposed under a framework based on eikonal solvers as an alternative to ray tracing and the adjoint-state method instead of Fréchet-derivative matrix inversion. This revamped stereotomography provides a scalable and flexible framework for large-scale applications. On the other hand, similarly to previous works, the scatterer positions and the subsurface parameters are updated jointly. In this thesis, I propose a new formulation of slope tomography that handles more effectively the ill-famed velocity-position coupling inherently present in reflection tomography. Through a kinematic migration, the scatterer position sub-problem is solved and projected into the main sub-problem for wavespeed estimation. Enforcing the kinematic consistency between the two kinds of variable, that is not guaranteed in the joint inversion, mitigates the ill-posedness generated by the velocity-position coupling. This variable projection leads to a reduced-parametrization inversion where the residuals of a single data class being a slope are minimized to update the subsurface parameters.I introduce this parsimonious strategy in the framework of eikonal solvers and the adjoint-state method for tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media. I benchmark the method against the Marmousi model and present a field data case study previously tackled with the joint inversion strategy. Both case studies confirm that the parsimonious approach leads to a better-posed problem, with an improved robustness to the initial guess and convergence speed.Slope tomography is mainly used for streamer data due to the requirement of finely-sampled sources and receivers. To exploit cutting-edge long-offset datasets, I involve in the inversion first arrivals extracted from streamer or ocean bottom seismometer data. Before showing the complementarity between reflections and first arrivals, I examine the added value of introducing slopes in first-arrival traveltime tomography (FATT). Using a FWI workflow for quality control, I show with the Overthrust benchmark and a real data case study from the Nankai trough (Japan) how the joint inversion of slopes and traveltimes mitigates the ill-posedness of FATT. I also examine with the BP Salt model the limits of FATT to build an initial model for FWI in complex media. The results show how tomography suffers even with proper undershooting of the imaging targets due to the poor illumination of the subsalt area. On a crustal-scale benchmark, I first show the limits of reflection slope tomography induced by the limited streamer length before highlighting the added-value of the joint inversion of first-arrival and reflection picks.Finally, I introduce the same variable projection technique to tackle the velocity-hypocenter problem, which finds application in earthquake seismology and microseismic imaging. I propose a formulation where the hypocenter is located through the inversion of subsurface parameters and an origin time correction, both of them being used as a proxy and validate the proof of concept on two synthetic examples
Farooq, Jawad Ahmed. "Étude du problème inverse en électromagnétisme en vue de la localisation des défauts de désaimantation dans les actionneurs à aimants permanents". Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA2037.
Texto completoThe research work presented in this manuscript is mainly focused on the development of models that can incorporate different faults for a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM). Two frequently occurring faults were investigated: the demagnetization of magnets and inter-turn short circuit in stator coils. The objective of developing models is to study the fault behavior for diagnostic purposes. Concerning the demagnetization fault, two models were developed. The first one is an analytical model which based on the resolution of Maxwell’s equations in different regions. The second one is based on the permeance network method (PNM). A comparative study shows that the PNM is more precise than the analytical one. For the inter-turn short circuit fault, a dynamic model was developed. The simulation results show that an inter-turn short circuit fault produces a 3rd order harmonic in the stator currents. Using the models for the demagnetization fault, a methodology to detect a magnet fault in PMSM was proposed. It is a parameter identification approach based on an algorithm which uses some external measurement date (e. G. EMF) to search iteratively the distribution of remanant induction in the magnets. After comparing the model results with the finite element simulations, a test bench was realized to validate them experimentally. Practical test on the inter-turn short circuit fault were performed on a PMSM motor. The measurement results are in good concordance with the results of the model and finite element simulations. The tests on the demagnetization fault are still to be carried out
Mavreas, Konstantinos. "Un problème inverse de source en sciences planétaires. Localisation d’un dipole magnétique dans des roches lunaires à partir de données magnétiques clairsemées". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4007.
Texto completoMagnetic anomalies on the Moon's surface indicate that the Moon used to have a global magnetic field for millions of years that no longer exist. Geoscientists need to study the remanent magnetization (strength and direction) of Moon rocks, in order to understand the origin and the evolution of this ancient lunar field. This remanent magnetization is preserved from ferromagnetic materials. From non-invasive techniques such as with the use of a spinner magnetometer, the available information is some measurements of the sample's magnetic field. This leads to an inverse problem which is to recover the magnetization characteristics from the field it generates.We use the hypothesis of a single pointwise magnetic source (dipolar model). With such an assumption, an existing approach is to set the magnetic source position at the sample's mass center and then solve a linear problem to recover the magnetization. In this thesis we propose to use the available data to first estimate the location of the dipolar source, which is a nonlinear problem. The magnetization is then recovered as with the other approach, by solving a linear problem.In our study, we observe that there is a relation between the poles of a rational function and the magnetic source location. We use rational approximation schemes to recover the pole of the rational function from its values on a circle. Then we propose several methods to use the link between the recovered pole and the source location, in order to estimate it. Methods like these take advantage of the geometrical features derived from our physical model equations. We conducted numerical experiments to analyze the behavior of these methods and compare their qualities
Zahran, Saeed. "Source localization and connectivity analysis of uterine activity". Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2469.
Texto completoThe technique of EHGI allows a noninvasive reconstruction of the electrical potential on the uterus surface based on electrical potential measured on the body surface and anatomical data of the torso. EHGI provides very precious information about the uterus condition since it is able to provide refined spatial description of the electrical wave pathway and magnitude on the uterus surface. This may help a lot in different clinical interventions. The scientific algorithms behind any EHGI tool are able to preprocess the anatomical data of the patient in order to provide a computational mesh, filter noisy measurements of the electrical potential and solve an inverse problem. The inverse problem in uterus electrohysterography (electrohysterography imaging (EHGI)) is a new and a powerful diagnosis technique. This non-invasive technology interests more and more medical industries. The success of this technology would be considered as a breakthrough in the uterus diagnosis. However, in many cases the quality of reconstructed electrical potential is not accurate enough. The difficulty comes from the fact that the inverse problem in uterus electrohysterography is well known as a mathematically ill-posed problem. Different methods based on Thikhnov regularization have been used in order to regularize the problem. We have conducted our analysis by using a realistic uterus model and have aimed at identifying the spatial extent of the sources
Boffety, Matthieu. "Étude quantitative de la tomographie optique diffuse de luminescence : Application à la localisation de sources en imagerie moléculaire". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470482.
Texto completoLi, Yuming. "Simulation numérique de l’emboutissage de tôles minces par une approche pseudo-inverse avec prise en compte de l’endommagement". Reims, 2006. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000751.pdf.
Texto completoThe present thesis has been carried out in the labaratory GMMS of Reims University, Champagne Ardenne. It was in the contract of the State-Region Plan « Simul-Endo » on sheet forming simulation using Inverse Approach and Pseudo-Inverse Approach by the FEM method. In the sheet forming process and more generally for mechanical pieces, the material is under grand irreversible deformation with the contact and the friction as well as the thermic transfer between the pieces and the tools. The grand (visco)- plastic deformations often generate the surfacic or volumic micro-defaults that develop then in the work-piece. The development of these defaults during the sheet forming causes the creation of the macroscopic crack that can be immediately visible or volumic and non-visible that make therefore the application dangerous. The numeric simulation of the sheet forming process must allow the engineer to anticipate the apparition possibility of the dammaged zone in the work-piece during the virtuel process. This will then allow to stop the numeric simulation (often expensive in terms of the computation time in 3D) and play on the technologic parameters of the process in order to obtain a good work-piece. The main objective of the present thesis is to applicate the theoric and numeric tools in the simulation of thin sheet forming in order to optimize the fabrication in considering the dammage
Korats, Gundars. "Estimation de sources corticales : du montage laplacian aux solutions parcimonieuses". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0027/document.
Texto completoCortical Source Imaging plays an important role for understanding the functional and pathological brain mechanisms. It links the activation of certain cortical areas in response to a given cognitive stimulus, and allows one to study the co-activation of the underlying functional networks. Among the available acquisition modality, electroencephalographic measurements (EEG) have the great advantage of providing a time resolution of the order of the millisecond, at the scale of the dynamic of the studied process, while being a non-invasive technique often used in clinical routine. However the identification of the activated sources from EEG recordings remains an extremely difficult task because of the low spatial resolution this modality provides, of the strong filtering effect of the cranial bones and errors inherent to the used propagation model. In this work different approaches for the estimation of cortical activity from surface EEG have been explored. The simplest cortical imaging methods are based only on the geometrical characteristics of the head. The computational load is greatly reduced and the used models are easy to implement. However, such approaches do not provide accurate information about the neural generators and on their spatiotemporal properties. To overcome such limitations, more sophisticated techniques can be used to build a realistic propagation model, and thus to reach better source reconstruction by its inversion. However, such inversion problem is severely ill-posed, and constraints have to be imposed to reduce the solution space. We began by reconsidering the cortical source imaging problem by relying mostly on the observations provided by the EEG measurements, when no anatomical modeling is available. The developed methods are based on simple but universal considerations about the head geometry as well as the physiological propagation of the sources. Full-rank matrix operators are applied on the data, similarly as done by Surface Laplacian methods, and are based on the assumption that the surface can be explained by a mixture of linear radial basis functions produced by the underlying sources. In the second part of the thesis, we relax the full-rank constraint by adopting a distributed dipole model constellating the cortical surface. The inversion is constrained by an hypothesis of sparsity, based on the physiological assumption that only a few cortical sources are active simultaneously Such hypothesis is particularly valid in the context of epileptic sources or in the case of cognitive tasks. To apply this regularization, we consider simultaneously both spatial and temporal domains. We propose two combined dictionaries of spatio-temporal atoms, the first based on a principal components analysis of the data, the second using a wavelet decomposition, more robust to noise and well suited to the non-stationary nature of these electrophysiological data. All of the proposed methods have been tested on simulated data and compared to conventional approaches of the literature. The obtained performances are satisfactory and show good robustness to the addition of noise. We have also validated our approach on real epileptic data provided by neurologists of the University Hospital of Nancy affiliated to the project. The estimated locations are consistent with the epileptogenic zone identification obtained by intracerebral exploration based on Stereo-EEG measurements
Reynier, Françoise. "Construction d'un spectromètre VUV pour des expériences de photoémission inverse résolue angulairement". Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10068.
Texto completoHernández, Castañón Viviana del Rocío. "Localization of brain oscillatory sources from (S)EEG recordings". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0010.
Texto completoWe have addressed in this thesis the problem of oscillatory source localization both in time and frequency domains, by considering EEG as well as Stereo-EEG (SEEG) recordings. The targeted application is the identification of brain structures responding to Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation (FPVS) protocols. These protocols induce brain source activities responding at the same frequency as the stimulation (with possible harmonics). These sources have low amplitudes in time and they are usually buried in noise, but they appear clearly when transforming the data in the frequency domain. Moreover, along with this frequency sparsity, one of the main working hypothesis is the spatial sparsity: the reconstructed solution should be sparse in terms of number of estimated sources, as few brain structures are assumed to respond to the protocols. After an introductory chapter and the literature review, we structure our contributions as follows. In chapter 3, we start by analyzing real signals recorded during FPVS protocols and justify the model used further in this thesis, ie a mixture of few dipolar sources having a fixed orientation and very specific frequency contents. We next formalize and analyze the particular difficulties of source localization in the case of this type of sources. We put forward the ambiguity problem arising when trying to distinguish between several oscillatory sources sharing the same frequency support and we quantified, in simulation, the risk of obtaining equivalent data with a far less number of sources, and thus the risk of luring sparsity promoting source localization algorithms. In the next chapters, we evaluated in simulation and on real data the performances of sparse source localization algorithms, in two situations: for a head model defined by a lead-field matrix with fixed known orientation (eg, dipoles orthogonal to the brain surface - chapter 4) or with unknown orientation, that has to be estimated during the inversion process (chapter 5). We have proposed, for each lead-field model, two step-wise regression algorithms (OLS and SBR) that we compared against iterative MUSIC methods known to promote sparsity. If in the 4th chapter, the two proposed algorithms are easily adapted to source localization (each column of the lead-field matrix correspond to an element in the regression dictionary), the algorithms proposed in the 5th chapter are original. They implement a step-wise regression on a dictionary of 3D matrices (for each position the orientations are free) under the constraint of fixed orientation. In both chapters, we analyze the performances of these algorithms and illustrate their advantages and drawbacks when compared to MUSIC-like approaches using different simulation setups, with varying sparsity (in space and frequency) and noise levels. Two versions of each algorithm were evaluated, in time and in frequency domains. The results show that, in sparse situations, the newly proposed algorithms outperform RAP and TRAP MUSIC, especially when applied in frequency domain, while in time domain and less sparse setups, MUSIC performs better, except for high noise levels. We also present, mainly for illustrative purposes, source localization results on real FPVS data, both in EEG and SEEG. While we cannot validate these results in the absence of a ground truth or a larger database, we can note that they are coherent with the neuroscientific knowledge about the regions involved in the used cognitive FPVS protocols
Barbarella, Elena. "Towards the localization and characterization of defects based on the Modified error in Constitutive Relation : focus on the buckling test and comparison with other type of experiments". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN066/document.
Texto completoComposite materials are nowadays extending their operational field to industrial applications other than aeronautics. New potential markets, such as automotive, imply the need to comply with different constraints; reduced cost and production time become more binding, taking the lead over the complete absence of defects. The drawback to fast automatized procedure is the higher defectiveness of the components produced, a deeper control of the part is therefore needed. Non-destructive techniques are expensive both in terms of cost and time and therefore the main question we tried to answer in this thesis is: is it possible to detect and estimate the effect of defects without resorting to the complex and time-consuming NDT techniques? An acceptable answer may potentially lead to a lower precision but should guarantee sufficient quantitative information for these applications. The thesis aims at exploring possibilities to use classical mechanical test combined with Digital Image correlation and inverse procedure to localize and characterized possible (large) defects. Buckling tests have been chosen at first due their supposed sensitivity to defects. Among the possible inverse technique, we have chosen to extend the so-called Modified Error in Constitutive Relation to the case of buckling because, in the case of vibration tests performed with several frequencies, the MCRE proved to have very good localization properties. The dedicated formulation of the MCRE for linearized buckling requires a post-processing of the non-linear experimental results. The Southwell plot is here employed to reconstruct the eigenvalue, the critical load, of the equivalent eigenvalue problem (i.e. the solution of the problem with material defect and no geometrical ones) and the Stereo Digital Image Correlation (StereoDIC) is exploited to reconstruct the deformed shape of the specimen during the test, used as mode. The interests and limits of the methodology are discussed notably through the comparison of numerical results using the MCRE in case of traction, flexion or vibration tests. It is shown that the linearized buckling based MCRE technique proves well for pseudo-experimental measurements at least for moderate geometrical imperfections. In addition first experiments have been performed; the defects are characterized from real experimental specimens, both for a nominally perfect specimen and for a defective one, where a zone of fibre waviness is induced. Stereo Digital Image Correlation (StereoDIC) is exploited to reconstruct the deformed shape of the specimen during the test, this shape being used as an approximation of the buckling mode. While on the first one no defects are detected, on the flawed specimen the localized area is in reasonable agreement with the area affected by fibre undulations
Gramfort, Alexandre. "Localisation et suivi d'activité fonctionnelle cérébrale en électro et magnétoencéphalographie: Méthodes et applications au système visuel humain". Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure des telecommunications - ENST, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00426852.
Texto completoAcar, Alper. "Optimal Urban Planning and Housing Prices : a Spatial Analysis". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCG008.
Texto completoThis dissertation studies the effect of optimal urban planning on housing prices diffusion in local real-estate markets. The study uses facility location theory and spatial econometrics to investigate how graph properties and optimal location models can contribute to a better understanding and evaluation of the impact of spatial multiplier effects in the economy. To this end, the research is based on a methodology that combines the creation of decision-support tools and the study of real estate prices using hierarchical spatial econometric models. The results states that using optimal spatial relationships enables a more precise analysis of the impacts of urban planning on the diffusion of prices. Conversely, the consideration of “classical” spatial relationships either underestimates or overestimates the spatial impacts
Korats, Gundars. "Estimation de sources corticales : du montage laplacian aux solutions parcimonieuses". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0027.
Texto completoCortical Source Imaging plays an important role for understanding the functional and pathological brain mechanisms. It links the activation of certain cortical areas in response to a given cognitive stimulus, and allows one to study the co-activation of the underlying functional networks. Among the available acquisition modality, electroencephalographic measurements (EEG) have the great advantage of providing a time resolution of the order of the millisecond, at the scale of the dynamic of the studied process, while being a non-invasive technique often used in clinical routine. However the identification of the activated sources from EEG recordings remains an extremely difficult task because of the low spatial resolution this modality provides, of the strong filtering effect of the cranial bones and errors inherent to the used propagation model. In this work different approaches for the estimation of cortical activity from surface EEG have been explored. The simplest cortical imaging methods are based only on the geometrical characteristics of the head. The computational load is greatly reduced and the used models are easy to implement. However, such approaches do not provide accurate information about the neural generators and on their spatiotemporal properties. To overcome such limitations, more sophisticated techniques can be used to build a realistic propagation model, and thus to reach better source reconstruction by its inversion. However, such inversion problem is severely ill-posed, and constraints have to be imposed to reduce the solution space. We began by reconsidering the cortical source imaging problem by relying mostly on the observations provided by the EEG measurements, when no anatomical modeling is available. The developed methods are based on simple but universal considerations about the head geometry as well as the physiological propagation of the sources. Full-rank matrix operators are applied on the data, similarly as done by Surface Laplacian methods, and are based on the assumption that the surface can be explained by a mixture of linear radial basis functions produced by the underlying sources. In the second part of the thesis, we relax the full-rank constraint by adopting a distributed dipole model constellating the cortical surface. The inversion is constrained by an hypothesis of sparsity, based on the physiological assumption that only a few cortical sources are active simultaneously Such hypothesis is particularly valid in the context of epileptic sources or in the case of cognitive tasks. To apply this regularization, we consider simultaneously both spatial and temporal domains. We propose two combined dictionaries of spatio-temporal atoms, the first based on a principal components analysis of the data, the second using a wavelet decomposition, more robust to noise and well suited to the non-stationary nature of these electrophysiological data. All of the proposed methods have been tested on simulated data and compared to conventional approaches of the literature. The obtained performances are satisfactory and show good robustness to the addition of noise. We have also validated our approach on real epileptic data provided by neurologists of the University Hospital of Nancy affiliated to the project. The estimated locations are consistent with the epileptogenic zone identification obtained by intracerebral exploration based on Stereo-EEG measurements
Mattout, Jérémie. "Approches statistiques multivariées pour la localisation de l'activation cérébrale en magnétoencéphalographie et en imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle : vers une fusion d'informations multimodales". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066440.
Texto completoAbbassi, Fethi. "Fédération des connaissances de mise en forme dans une plateforme de prototypage virtuel". Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPT051H.
Texto completoIn this work, a many experimental campaign was carried out. Initially, we are interested by the identification stating from tensile tests. A series of bulge tests was also developed. A without contact measurement techniques were used in the phase of identification and in the analysis of the final product quality. The bulge tests were used in a parametric identification protocol based on a coupling between numerical and experimental results. A Monte-Carlo and Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm of identification were used. The observations by SEM (Scaning Electron Microscopy) of the crack zones on the specimens were carried out. According to these results, a ductile model of damage (GTN) was selected to be used in the numerical simulation. This model was used for the crack prediction in the forming parts obtained by plastic deformation (hydroforming and deep drawing). The experimental validation of the numerical predictions was carried out for a hydroforming process
Berro, Soumaya. "Identification of muscle activation schemes by inverse methods applied on HD-sEMG signals". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2708.
Texto completoFast or real-time identification of the spatiotemporal activation of Motor Units (MUs), functional units of the neuromuscular system, is fundamental in applications as prosthetic control and rehabilitation guidance but often dictates expensive computational times. Therefore, the thesis work was devoted to providing an algorithm that enables the real-time identification of MU spatial and temporal activation strategies by applying inverse methods on HD-sEMG (high-density surface electromyogram) signals from a grid placed over the Biceps Brachii (BB). For this purpose, we propose an innovative approach, that involves the use of the classical minimum norm inverse method and a 3D fitting curve interpolation, namely CFB-MNE approach. This method, based on inverse identification (minimum norm estimation) coupled to simulated motor unit action potential (MUAP) dictionary from a recent model and tested on simulations, allowed the real time localization of simulated individual motor units. A robustness analysis (anatomical, physiological, and instrumental modifications) was then performed to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Finally, the proposed algorithm was tested on MUs with realistic recruitment patterns giving promising results in both spatial and temporal identification. To conclude, a door to future perspectives was opened, according to the obtained promising results, suggesting the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to further boost the performance of the proposed algorithm
Djaziri, Leila. "Diagnostic de défauts d'isolement dans des lignes de transmission électriques : application aux cables de signalisation SNCF". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112134/document.
Texto completoThis thesis work focuses on the detection of insulation faults in very long transmission lines. This is detecting soft defects related to the insulation between the conductors of a long cable which are represented by the leakage conductance parameter. Detect these faults, signs of a possible future short-circuit, is an important issue but requires a noninvasive method. For example, in the case of railway signaling cables, it is to develop a method of diagnosis of very low leakage conductances in signaling cables along railways compatible with the movement of trains. Be aware estimate from measurements in one point of the cable, strong resistance distributed over several hundred meters without disturbing the continuous frequency range to 40 kHz, reserved for service signals. Indeed, the signal cables from the train that interest us have an average length 1500 m and are used in the frequency band 0-40 kHz.We propose so a frequency method for estimating low defects to medium frequency in uniform transmission lines with losses. It is based on two main ideas : a detailed analysis of joint effects of dissipation and dispersion and a method of comparing two lines having the same characteristics and differing only leak conductance parameter. This method of comparison was widespread in the case of multiconductor lines by adopting a statistical approach.This thesis has brought new results : losses estimation formulas resulting from the detailed analysis of a share of joint effects of dissipation and dispersion and also the method of comparing two lines. Numerical simulations were made in both cases to validate the proposed frequency method. Experiments were performed to validate the statistical analysis in the case of multiconductor lines
Quieffin, Nicolas. "Etude du rayonnement acoustique de structures solides : vers un système d'imagerie haute résolution". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000940.
Texto completoGiscard, Pierre-Louis. "A graph theoretic approach to matrix functions and quantum dynamics". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ceef15b0-eed2-4615-a9f2-f9efbef470c9.
Texto completoHurdal, Monica Kimberly. "Mathematical and computer modelling of the human brain with reference to cortical magnification and dipole source localisation in the visual cortx". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998.
Buscar texto completoHofmanis, Janis. "Contribution au modèle direct cérébral par stimulation électrique de profondeur et mesures SEEG : application à l'épilepsie". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0209/document.
Texto completoThe study of epilepsy requires the identification of cerebral structures which are involved in generation of seizures and connexion processes. Several methods of clinical investigation contributed to these studies : imaging (PET, MRI), electrophysiology (EEG, SEEG, MEG). The EEG provides a temporal resolution enough to analyze these processes. However, the localization of deep sources and their dynamical properties are difficult to understand. SEEG is a modality of intracerebral electrophysiological and anatomical high temporal resolution reserved for some difficult cases of pre-surgical diagnosis : drug-resistant epilepsy. The definition of the epileptogenic zone, as proposed by Talairach and Bancaud is an electro-clinical definition based on the results of intracerebral SEEG recordings. It takes into account not only the anatomical localization of partial epileptic discharge, but also the dynamic evolution of this discharge (active neural networks at the time of seizure) and clinical symptoms. Recently, a novel diagnostic technique allows an accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone using Depth Brain Stimulation (DBS). This exogenous source can activate the epileptic networks and generate an electrophysiological reaction. Therefore, coupling DBS with SEEG measurements is very advantageous : firstly, to contribute to the modeling and understanding of the (epileptic) brain and to help the diagnosis, secondly, to access the estimation of head model as an electrical conductor (conductive properties of tissues). In addition, supplementary information about head model improves the solution to the inverse problem (source localization methods) used in many applications in EEG and SEEG. The inverse solution requires repeated computation of the forward problem, i.e. the simulation of EEG and SEEG fields for a given dipolar source in the brain using a volume-conduction model of the head. As for DBS, the location of source is well defined. Therefore, in this thesis, we search for the best head model for the forward problem from real synchronous measurements of EEG and SEEG with DBS in several patients. So, the work of the thesis breaks up into different parts for which we need to accomplish the following tasks : Creation of database 3000 DBS measurements for 42 patients ; Extraction of DBS signal from SEEG and EEG measurements using multidimensional analysis : 5 methods have been developed or adapted and validate first in a simulation study and, secondly, in a real SEEG application ; Localization of SEEG electrodes in MR and CT images, including segmentation of brain matter ; SEEG forward modeling using infinite medium, spherical and realistic models based on MRI and CT of the patient ; Comparison between different head models and validation with real in vivo DBS measurements ; Validation of realistic 5-compartment FEM head models by incorporating the conductivities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), gray and white matters
Ia, Davuth. "Méthodes d'imagerie et d'identification en électromagnétisme". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1586/.
Texto completoOne of the recent problems in electromagnetism concerns the non destructive control applied to the detection of defaults, scattering objects or sources lying in middles which physical parameters are approximately known. The goal of these studies is to localize and to characterize, by their dielectrical properties, these differents elements. In a mathematical point of view, these problems are formalized in general by a coupled system of problems : direct problem - adjoint problem which one at least doesn't have a compact resolvent. In a numerical point of view, the resolution of this set of problems can lead to a ill conditioned problem which solving without a priori knowledge on the searched values have a huge numerical cost and even the lack of convergence in certain cases. By the way, some "fast" localization methods of inhomogeneities and/or sources have been developed these last years. The aim of these methods is to try to describe the searched elements in a geometrical point of view without trying to compute one its characteristics. These algorithms are in general fast. In this work, we adopt a two step strategy : first a fast localization step, then a characterization step
Mansouri, Wafa. "Problèmes inverses de localisation de sources et d'identification de puits et de paramètres". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI078.
Texto completoThis work deals with the development of algorithms and application of numerical methods for solving inverse problems of parameters estimation, identification of boundary conditions and localisation of sources in porous media. These tools will be usefull in the management of groundwater resources and their preservation as to damage. The objective of this thesis is to solve the inverse problem based on different approaches: A resolution based on topological shape optimization is to find an optimal design without any priori assumption about its topology, that is, about the number of holes it may contain. Knowing that these holes represent the searched wells. To do this, we have adopted the method of topological gradient, which is to study the behavior of an objective function when creating a small hole inside the domain. A resolution based on the minimization of a constitutive law gap functional by using overspecified data on a part of the boundary of the domain to complete the data on all the boundary of the domain and determine the positions, the flows and the number of existing wells inside the domain. A resolution by the coupling of the adaptive parameterization method which has the advantage to minimize the number of the unknowns of parameters allowing to interpret at best the available data and the method of the topological gradient. This coupling allows us at the same time to identify the geological zones, to determine the values of the hydraulic transmissivity in every zone and to locate wells' positions
Grisel, Yann. "Localisation de défauts et applications pour les milieux inhomogènes en propagation d'ondes acoustiques". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1494/.
Texto completoIn the first part of our work, we are interested in the localization of defects, i. E. The areas where the actual index is different from some reference index. We obtain a characterization of the support of the defects from the measurements by an extension of A. Kirsch's Factorization Method. We propose several numerical methods, one of them allowing us to consider the case of measurements directions which are different from the incidence directions. These algorithms are numerically validated. In a second part, we consider the reconstruction of the values of some unknown index. Using the previous defects localization, we propose two strategies to determine regions of interest on which the reconstruction is focused. Finally, we introduce a new cost function type, for the reconstruction, which capitalizes on the properties demonstrated in the first part
Birot, Gwénaël. "Estimation paramétrique aux ordres supérieurs : application à la goniométrie et à la localisation de sources d'activités cérébrales". Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1S216.
Texto completoThree new methods are proposed and evaluated in this manuscript. The purpose of these methods is to solve inverse problems encountered in i) radiocommunications when searching the direction of arrival (DOA) of radio waves received by an antenna and ii) in biomedical engineering when localizing the sources of brain electrical activities from scalp electromagnetic recordings. The proposed techniques are based on the MUSIC algorithm, given its infinite asymptotic resolution. Moreover, as 2q-MUSIC our methods exploit higher order statistics in order to i) remain insensitive to Gaussian noise with unknown spatial coherence, ii) deal with a number of sensors lesser than the number of sources and iii) with errors induced when modeling the transfer between the source and the observation. Furthermore, our methods aim at increasing the separation ability of 2q-MUSIC and its performance in the presence of spatially extended sources. First, we propose two approaches referred to as 2q-D-MUSIC (q ≥ 1) and 2q-RAP-MUSIC (q ≥ 2), that use a new higher order deflation scheme. When radio waves present close angles of DOA, these algorithms increase the resolution and the detection capacity of 2q-MUSIC. This behavior is true in the case of both over- and underdetermined mixtures of sources, and is true in the presence of modeling errors or Gaussian noise of unknown spatial coherence. Second, we propose the 2q-ExSo-MUSIC (q ≥ 1) method in order to process brain extended sources. A study of its performance using realistic simulated EEG shows that 2q-ExSo-MUSIC is more accurate than 2q-MUSIC for the localization of brain extended sources
Daunizeau, Jean. "Localisation et dynamique des sources d'activité cérébrale par fusion d'informations multimodales EEG/IRMf". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112204.
Texto completoCombining electroencephalography (EEG) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) should enable better characterization of brain activity in both space and time. To do so, the potential decoupling between haemodynamic and bioelectric must be accounted for. Therefore, we proposed three graphical and hierarchical models, associated with Bayesian inference processes:-Compared fusion: an EEG data generative model that introduces all available and physiologically plausible information about the expected structure of bioelectric activity. The extended sources mixing model provides a specific feature that can be compared with fMRI activation maps: the spatial profile of the bioelectric sources. -Constrained fusion: a method to assess the relevance of any informative fMRI-derived prior that is to be included in the resolution of the EEG inverse problem. By quantifying the adequacy between EEG data and fMRI active sources, this approach allows us to decide whether the fMRI-based informative prior should, or not, be introduced in the resolution of the EEG inverse problem. -Symmetrical fusion: a joint EEG/fMRI data generative model, which defines spatially concordant (bioelectric and haemodynamic) responses. Based on the spatio-temporal decomposition of the extended sources mixing model, this approach defines the spatial substrate common to EEG and fMRI activity sources. This extends both previous approaches, and allows us to identify the areas of strong coupling between bioelectric and haemodynamic activities. The three approaches were extensively evaluated on simulated data and validated on real patient data in the context of epileptogenic network characterization
Boulier, Thomas. "Modélisation de l'électro-localisation active chez les poissons faiblement électriques". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPXX0108.
Texto completoChardon, Gilles. "Approximations parcimonieuses et problèmes inverses en acoustique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00732847.
Texto completoBaillet, Sylvain. "Vers une imagerie fonctionnelle de l'electrophysiologie corticale modelisation markovienne pour l'estimation des sources de la magneto/electroencephalographie et evaluations experimentales". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00713794.
Texto completoEnnaime, Salah-Eddine. "Contribution à l'identification de structures mécaniques : localisation des défauts dominants et réanalyse ; estimation des forces extérieures". Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA2034.
Texto completoSalido-Ruiz, Ricardo Antonio. "Problèmes inverses contraints en EEG : applications aux potentiels absolus et à l'influence du signal de référence dans l'analyse de l'EEG". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0403/document.
Texto completoThis thesis concerns the issue of scalp EEG signals pre-processing and it is focused on signal's disturbances caused by non zero reference measurements. These signals perturbations induced by an electrical fluctuation of reference signal can lead to misinterpretation errors in certains analysis. This can be easily seen in inter-signal synchronization measurements such as in coherence studies. Thus, the ideal reference is a null reference. During this research work, we focused on the absolute (zero-reference) potentials estimation from a inverse problem reformulation. Here, two cases are treated, one deals with the case of a reference signal that is sufficiently distant from electrophysiological brain sources so, it is considered as independent signal ; otherwise, it is modeled as a linear combination of sources. Thanks to this modeling, it was shown explicitly that the best estimates of absolute potentials without any a priori information are the average reference potentials. On the other hand, the source-independent reference inverse problem is resolved in a source separation context. For this case, it has been shown that the best estimate of the absolute potentials without any a priori information is equivalent to Minimum Power Distortionless Response/Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR/MPDR) estimators. On the pretreatment of EEG data, we show on simulated and real signals that measured potentials transformed into average reference improve certain analytical methods used in EEG such as blind source separation (BSS) and localization of brain sources. Beyond the problems of reference, this method can be applied as a constrained source estimation algorithm in order to estimate in a more robust way, particular sources such as artifacts or deterministic exogenous electrical stimulation
Salido-Ruiz, Ricardo Antonio. "Problèmes inverses contraints en EEG : applications aux potentiels absolus et à l'influence du signal de référence dans l'analyse de l'EEG". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0403.
Texto completoThis thesis concerns the issue of scalp EEG signals pre-processing and it is focused on signal's disturbances caused by non zero reference measurements. These signals perturbations induced by an electrical fluctuation of reference signal can lead to misinterpretation errors in certains analysis. This can be easily seen in inter-signal synchronization measurements such as in coherence studies. Thus, the ideal reference is a null reference. During this research work, we focused on the absolute (zero-reference) potentials estimation from a inverse problem reformulation. Here, two cases are treated, one deals with the case of a reference signal that is sufficiently distant from electrophysiological brain sources so, it is considered as independent signal ; otherwise, it is modeled as a linear combination of sources. Thanks to this modeling, it was shown explicitly that the best estimates of absolute potentials without any a priori information are the average reference potentials. On the other hand, the source-independent reference inverse problem is resolved in a source separation context. For this case, it has been shown that the best estimate of the absolute potentials without any a priori information is equivalent to Minimum Power Distortionless Response/Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR/MPDR) estimators. On the pretreatment of EEG data, we show on simulated and real signals that measured potentials transformed into average reference improve certain analytical methods used in EEG such as blind source separation (BSS) and localization of brain sources. Beyond the problems of reference, this method can be applied as a constrained source estimation algorithm in order to estimate in a more robust way, particular sources such as artifacts or deterministic exogenous electrical stimulation
Grisel, Yann. "Localisation de défauts et applications pour les milieux inhomogènes en propagation d'ondes acoustiquesDefects localization and applications to inhomogeneous media in acoustic scattering". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675217.
Texto completoStefanut, Paul. "Application des algorithmes de haute résolution à la localisation de mobiles en milieu confiné". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10023/document.
Texto completoSpatial diversity exploits antenna array at the transmitter and the receiving station. The resulting technology, known as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), has already been implemented in latest generation equipments and standards like Wi-Fi 802.11n. Excepting the advantage of increased data throughput, the technology allows extracting physical parameters of the received signals via signal processing algorithms. This property can be used to develop localization applications in indoor environments.The request for such applications continued increasing in the last decade. In the public transportation systems domain, the technology allows the development of intelligent solutions giving access to a wide range of real time services. The objective of this PhD is the development of an indoor localization solution in the context of public transportation systems.The proposed localization method is based on the exploitation of time domain and angular domain parameters of 2 or more LOS or NLOS of first order paths between the mobile object being localized and 2 or more receiving stations. Both the transmitter and the emitters are equipped with antenna arrays. The estimation of the parameters exploited in the localization method is obtained through high resolution signal parameter algorithms like SAGE and RIMAX. The parametric studies on the performance of parameter estimation algorithms allowed us to set a basis for the configuration allowing us to estimate the delays and the directions of arrival and departure within the limits set by the localization application. The localization algorithm has been tested and validated in different setups using the exact parameters of the signals or the parameters estimated by SAGE and RIMAX
Chiementin, Xavier. "Localisation et quantification des sources vibratoires dans le cadre d'une maintenance préventive conditionnelle en vue de fiabiliser le diagnostic et le suivi de l'endommagement des composants mécaniques tournants : application aux roulements à billes". Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000699.pdf.
Texto completoThe vibratory analysis, for a conditional preventive maintenance, has proven to be a very appreciated tool for a few decades for industries. Its use is articulated around three levels of analysis : the monitoring, the diagnosis and the follow-up of the state of damage of the equipments. In practice, recorded vibratory signals are the result of a mixture of various sources corresponding to the components of the machine ; this fact makes the interpretation of the damage state of a particular component diffcult. The interest is to separate the contribution from the various vibratory sources generally and directly related to a more or less important failure of a mechanical component, starting from several measurements carried out by the accelerometers. The separation will not only allow to locate the defects on the components but also to follow the evolution of the damage of each of them. The principle is then to improve the diagnosis and the follow-up by the introduction of the inverse methods. These problems are generally unstable and require methods of optimization or of stability. We develop two approaches, a numerical and an experimental, which allow to stabilize the inversion by an optimal location of a limited number of vibratory sensors. These approaches are validated on an academic case, and then they are exploited on a structure in conformity with the industrial world : a casing having two shaft bearings coupled with an engine
Chiementin, Xavier Dron Jean-Paul. "Localisation et quantification des sources vibratoires dans le cadre d'une maintenance préventive conditionnelle en vue de fiabiliser le diagnostic et le suivi de l'endommagement des composants mécaniques tournants : application aux roulements à billes". Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000699.pdf.
Texto completoSalido-Ruiz, Ricardo-Antonio. "Problèmes inverses contraints en EEG : applications aux potentiels absolus et à l'influence du signal de référence dans l'analyse de l'EEG". Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738251.
Texto completoHofmanis, Janis. "Contribution au modèle direct cérébral par stimulation électrique de profondeur et mesures SEEG : application à l'épilepsie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0209.
Texto completoThe study of epilepsy requires the identification of cerebral structures which are involved in generation of seizures and connexion processes. Several methods of clinical investigation contributed to these studies : imaging (PET, MRI), electrophysiology (EEG, SEEG, MEG). The EEG provides a temporal resolution enough to analyze these processes. However, the localization of deep sources and their dynamical properties are difficult to understand. SEEG is a modality of intracerebral electrophysiological and anatomical high temporal resolution reserved for some difficult cases of pre-surgical diagnosis : drug-resistant epilepsy. The definition of the epileptogenic zone, as proposed by Talairach and Bancaud is an electro-clinical definition based on the results of intracerebral SEEG recordings. It takes into account not only the anatomical localization of partial epileptic discharge, but also the dynamic evolution of this discharge (active neural networks at the time of seizure) and clinical symptoms. Recently, a novel diagnostic technique allows an accurate localization of the epileptogenic zone using Depth Brain Stimulation (DBS). This exogenous source can activate the epileptic networks and generate an electrophysiological reaction. Therefore, coupling DBS with SEEG measurements is very advantageous : firstly, to contribute to the modeling and understanding of the (epileptic) brain and to help the diagnosis, secondly, to access the estimation of head model as an electrical conductor (conductive properties of tissues). In addition, supplementary information about head model improves the solution to the inverse problem (source localization methods) used in many applications in EEG and SEEG. The inverse solution requires repeated computation of the forward problem, i.e. the simulation of EEG and SEEG fields for a given dipolar source in the brain using a volume-conduction model of the head. As for DBS, the location of source is well defined. Therefore, in this thesis, we search for the best head model for the forward problem from real synchronous measurements of EEG and SEEG with DBS in several patients. So, the work of the thesis breaks up into different parts for which we need to accomplish the following tasks : Creation of database 3000 DBS measurements for 42 patients ; Extraction of DBS signal from SEEG and EEG measurements using multidimensional analysis : 5 methods have been developed or adapted and validate first in a simulation study and, secondly, in a real SEEG application ; Localization of SEEG electrodes in MR and CT images, including segmentation of brain matter ; SEEG forward modeling using infinite medium, spherical and realistic models based on MRI and CT of the patient ; Comparison between different head models and validation with real in vivo DBS measurements ; Validation of realistic 5-compartment FEM head models by incorporating the conductivities of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), gray and white matters
Vanwynsberghe, Charles. "Réseaux à grand nombre de microphones : applicabilité et mise en œuvre". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066474/document.
Texto completoRecently, digital MEMS microphones came out and have opened new perspectives. One of them is the design of large-aperture and massively multichannel acoustical acquisition systems. Such systems meet good requirements for efficient source localization. However, new problems arise. First, an important data flow comes from the array, and must be processed fast enough. Second, if the large array is set up in situ, retrieving the position of numerous microphones becomes a challenging task. This thesis proposes methods addressing these two problems. The first part exhibits the description of the acquisition system, which has been developed during the thesis. First, we show that MEMS microphone characteristics are suitable for array processing applications. Then, real-time processing of channel signals is achieved by a parallel GPU implementation. This strategy is one solution to the heavy data flow processing issue. In this way, a real-time acoustic imaging tool was developed, and enables a dynamic wide-band diagnosis, for an arbitrary duration.The second part presents several robust geometric calibration methods: they retrieve microphone positions, based only on the array acoustic signals. Indeed, in real-life conditions, the state of the art methods are inefficient with large arrays. This thesis proposes techniques that guarantee the robustness of the calibration process. The proposed methods allow calibration in the different existing soundscapes, from free field to reverberant field. Various experimental scenarios prove the efficiency of the methods
Claude, Christophe. "Extensions et applications de la méthode spectrale aux systèmes discrets et aux systèmes couplés". Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20084.
Texto completoBoukria, Zoheir. "CARACTERISATION DES IMPACTS SUR UNE GALERIE « PARE-BLOCS STRUCTURELLEMENT DISSIPANT »". Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00458097.
Texto completoFinke, Stefan. "Conventional and Reciprocal Approaches to the Forward and Inverse Problems of Electroencephalography". Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8746.
Texto completoThe inverse problem of electroencephalography (EEG) is the localization of current sources within the brain using surface potentials on the scalp generated by these sources. An inverse solution typically involves multiple calculations of scalp surface potentials, i.e., the EEG forward problem. To solve the forward problem, models are needed for both the underlying source configuration, the source model, and the surrounding tissues, the head model. This thesis treats two distinct approaches for the resolution of the EEG forward and inverse problems using the boundary-element method (BEM): the conventional approach and the reciprocal approach. The conventional approach to the forward problem entails calculating the surface potentials starting from source current dipoles. The reciprocal approach, on the other hand, first solves for the electric field at the source dipole locations when the surface electrodes are reciprocally energized with a unit current. A scalar product of this electric field with the source dipoles then yields the surface potentials. The reciprocal approach promises a number of advantages over the conventional approach, including the possibility of increased surface potential accuracy and decreased computational requirements for inverse solutions. In this thesis, the BEM equations for the conventional and reciprocal approaches are developed using a common weighted-residual formulation. The numerical implementation of both approaches to the forward problem is described for a single-dipole source model. A three-concentric-spheres head model is used for which analytic solutions are available. Scalp potentials are calculated at either the centroids or the vertices of the BEM discretization elements used. The performance of the conventional and reciprocal approaches to the forward problem is evaluated for radial and tangential dipoles of varying eccentricities and two widely different skull conductivities. We then determine whether the potential advantages of the reciprocal approach suggested by forward problem simulations can be exploited to yield more accurate inverse solutions. Single-dipole inverse solutions are obtained using simplex minimization for both the conventional and reciprocal approaches, each with centroid and vertex options. Again, numerical simulations are performed on a three-concentric-spheres model for radial and tangential dipoles of varying eccentricities. The inverse solution accuracy of both approaches is compared for the two different skull conductivities and their relative sensitivity to skull conductivity errors and noise is assessed. While the conventional vertex approach yields the most accurate forward solutions for a presumably more realistic skull conductivity value, both conventional and reciprocal approaches exhibit large errors in scalp potentials for highly eccentric dipoles. The reciprocal approaches produce the least variation in forward solution accuracy for different skull conductivity values. In terms of single-dipole inverse solutions, conventional and reciprocal approaches demonstrate comparable accuracy. Localization errors are low even for highly eccentric dipoles that produce large errors in scalp potentials on account of the nonlinear nature of the single-dipole inverse solution. Both approaches are also found to be equally robust to skull conductivity errors in the presence of noise. Finally, a more realistic head model is obtained using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from which the scalp, skull, and brain/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surfaces are extracted. The two approaches are validated on this type of model using actual somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded following median nerve stimulation in healthy subjects. The inverse solution accuracy of the conventional and reciprocal approaches and their variants, when compared to known anatomical landmarks on MRI, is again evaluated for the two different skull conductivities. Their respective advantages and disadvantages including computational requirements are also assessed. Once again, conventional and reciprocal approaches produce similarly small dipole position errors. Indeed, position errors for single-dipole inverse solutions are inherently robust to inaccuracies in forward solutions, but dependent on the overlapping activity of other neural sources. Against expectations, the reciprocal approaches do not improve dipole position accuracy when compared to the conventional approaches. However, significantly smaller time and storage requirements are the principal advantages of the reciprocal approaches. This type of localization is potentially useful in the planning of neurosurgical interventions, for example, in patients with refractory focal epilepsy in whom EEG and MRI are often already performed.