Tesis sobre el tema "Littoraux – Modèles mathématiques"
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Marciniak, Marie-Hélène. "Etude numérique à mésoéchelle du cycle diurne d'une circulation atmosphérique côtière influencée par un relief complexe (expérience LASBEK)". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30112.
Texto completoSaint-Cast, Frédéric. "Modélisation de la morphodynamique des corps sableux en milieu littoral". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12462.
Texto completoAbsi, Rafik. "Modélisation de la turbulence pariétale et du transport de sédiments dans des couches limites oscillantes". Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2016.
Texto completoLafon, Christine. "Étude des conditions de déferlement en zone côtière méditerranéenne". Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0013.
Texto completoThe ocean surface is a permanent location of exchanges between ocean and atmosphere, mostly in breaking area. This requires studies of sea state, defined by the wave field properties and the surface resulting of its breaking. The aim of this study was to understand the pro cesses occurring at the interface in coastal zone, to better understand the parameters that control them, and ta introduce a whitecap model in a wave numerical model. This work is essentially based on results obtained during two experimental campaigns that took place in NIediterranean coastal areas (FETCH and EMMA). The waves analysis conduct to determine a specific relation between non dimensional parameters (significant height and peak frequency) following the classical formalism JONSWAP. Study of wind stress at the interface presents an influence of wind speed and f wave age. Results on waves and wind stress show a reasonable agrement with models found n literature. We show that the whitecap coverage depends on classical meteorological parameters (such as wind speed and friction velocity) but also on oceanic parameters (such M wave ge and dimensionless energy). Friction velocity weil represents variations of breaking in coMtal zone when it is measured and not obtained from wind speed. The whole sea state events are better scale with wave age. Finally, a numerical wave model has been adapt to our experimental site (from precedents results) to represent whitecap coverage in the Toulon-Hyères area. From a spatially and temporally homogeneous wind input, a few experimental events has been modeled
Allgeyer, Sébastien. "Modélisation de l'aléa tsunamis et des résonances côtières en France". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077078.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of tsunamis, hazard and coastal resonance in France. In the first part, we outlined the theory of free oscillations and tsunami modeling using long wave and Boussinesq approximations in a fmite difference code. All these elements have been compared and validated during benchmarks. We developed a numerical code solving the hydrodynamic equations in the Boussinesq approximation. The second part is a set of applications in the Pacific Ocean and along the French coast. We studied different events produced in the Pacific Ocean. A detailed study of the tsunami generated by the Maule earthquake (Mw 8. 8 February 28, 2010) is made in both in the near (at the Chilean coast) and far field (on DART and in French Polynesia). We compare the tsunami generated by different seismological sources of this event. We fmd that a simple source can reproduce the near-field observations. Along the Chilean coast, we study the large scale free oscillation generated by this event. Using data coming from different types of instrument (tide gauge, inclinometer), we demonstrate that these oscillations are generated by trapping waves between the trench and the coast. Because of various effects generated by tsunamis in the bays of French Polynesia depending on the earthquake location, a detailed study on resonance modes of the Marquesas was made containing a discussion of the dependence of the resonance on the azimuthal position of the source. Finally, a discussion of the tsunami hazard in metropolitan France was made. Due to a recent event (Boumerdès-Zemmouri, 2003), the tsunami risk on the Mediterranean coast is real. The study of additional events allows us to constrain better the risk. Less known the tsunami risk on the French Atlantic coast was investigated by seeking past records of tsunamis. We validated the numerical simulations performed for the sources of the XXth century, leading to the first analysis of the impacts of tsunamis generated in the area Gibraltar—Azores on the French Atlantic coast
Idrissi, Mohammed. "Evolution du littoral Casablanca-Mohammedia (Maroc) : Etude de la dynamique sédimentaire et des impacts anthropiques". Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0014.
Texto completoThe littoral Casablanca-Mohammedia (Morocco), strongly anthropized, with a harbour industry, directed in particular towards the petroleum products, and of constructions of works during these last years, an urbanization of the littoral and rivers coastal. The objective ; to study the incidence of the processes natural and anthropic on current sedimentary dynamics of this littoral. One uses measurements in locates granulometry, mineralogy, variation of the prof les of beaches and the analysis of the air photographs and models digital of the propagation of the swell at the coast, means of transport of the sediments and the simulation of the evolution of the feature of coast. The results obtained relate to the impact of coastal installations from a hydrodynamic point of view and to the localization of the sectors subjected to erosion and sectors prone to accretion. The study relating to One phenomena of the infiltration and the fixing of pollutants in a porous environment made up of sands of bay of Mohammedia, initially consisted in studying in laboratory, the permeability of a pollutant according to the nature of sand. The analyses carried out in laboratory made it possible to conclude that fine sands retain more the organic matter and organic carbon. The size of the grains plays an important part in the fixing of pollutants, plus the size of the grains increases more the permeability increases as well as porosity and consequently, less the sediments retain pollutants. From these data, one notes that the granulometry of the sediments influences the fixing of pollutants
Drevard, Déborah. "Étude expérimentale et numérique de la propagation d'ondes de gravité en zone de déferlement". Toulon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUL0003.
Texto completoThe purpose of this work consists in studying experimentally and numerically the propagation and the breaking of gravity waves. In the first part, calculations, based on Stokes wave theory, are proposed for the measurement of partially standing wave from electromagnetic (S4) or acoustic (ADV) instruments giving velocities and/or pressure synchronous measurements. Influences of current, wave propagation direction, immersion depth of instrument and nonlinear effects are then studied for both laboratory and nearshore experiments. In the second part, an improved interface tracking algorithm (SL-VOF, Semi-Lagrangian Volume Of Fluid), inserted in an industrial code (EOLE, Principia R&D) is validated for gravity wave breaking in shallow water. Two applications are considered for the study of the shoaling and the breaking of a solitary wave: over a step (discontinuity of the bottom) and over a constant mild slope (1/15)
Chaaban, Fadi. "Apport potentiel des Systèmes d’Informations Géographiques (SIG) pour une meilleure gestion d’un littoral dans une optique de développement durable : approches conceptuelles et méthodologiques appliquées dans le Nord de la France". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10064/document.
Texto completoManagement of input data modeling is tedious and takes a long time. The Geographic Information System (GIS) minimize the effort and improve the efficiency of numerical models. As well as the GIS provides a platform to high capacity of collection, management, data processing, analysis, modeling and display of spatial information. This thesis proposes a methodology based on two conceptual approaches applied to coastal management in the context of sustainable development in the area of Hardelot-Plage (Northern France). This methodology has been implemented thanks to GIS.The first approach is dedicated to measuring shoreline change along Ecault dunes (North of Hardelot-Plage), Chevalier Sansot dunes (South of Hardelot-Plage) and Camiers dunes (Northern Canche estuary) over the course of 59 years (from 1946 to 2005). 292 transects perpendicular to the shoreline are used to estimate coastal erosion and to assess the retreat rate. The marginal error generated by our methodology is ±10m. It is resulting from the resolution of reference-document and scanned images. From one side, the results obtained show that the process of shoreline retreat has interested, in general, the entire coastline of Ecault and Chevalier Sansot dunes. The average of retreat varies from 0.43 m/yr to reach 5.8 m/yr on the north side of the Becque estuary, while the average value of advance ranges from 0.23 to 2.47 m/yr. For another side, the average shoreline evolution was very important along the Camiers dunes (Northern Canche estuary) with an average retreat reaching 8.45 m/yr between 1980 and 1983, while the average of advance reached 14.36 m/yr between 1947 and 1955. The last observations, between 2000 and 2005, showed that the shoreline in the study area was changing positively with an average ranging from 1.1 to 4.66 m/yr (86% of transects =250 transects); 13% of transects (39 transects) have not changed because of dike or rip-rap built along the beach. However 1% of transects (three transects corresponding to the Becque estuary) showed a retreat of 1.06 m /yr. The second approach concerns a hydrogeological modelling of the coastal aquifer. The implementation of GIS was essential to generate the geographic data needed for the numerical models. In our case the beach-dune system of Hardelot-Plage suffers from the lack of well developed foredune. This problem is linked to the almost constant water saturation of sand beach which is the potential source of dune nourishment. South of Hardelot, the coastline is slowly but constantly retreating. To remedy this situation, a coupling between a GIS (ArcGIS 9.3) and a Groundwater Modelling System (GMS 6.0) was adopted in order to find possible scenarios which could lower the piezometric surface in the concerned area and allow dune nourishment again. Hydrodynamic and hydrodispersive models have confirmed that the observed water saturation in the southern part of Hardelot beach is quite related to the proximity of the piezometric surface. The sand aquifer in this sector, which is in hydraulic continuity with the subjacent chalk aquifer, is intersected by peat lenses. The presence of peat would induce seawater restrain and would make it possible to mainly explain the complex distribution of freshwater and saltwater interface in this sector. Various simulations undertaken for realization of drillings in the sand aquifer made it possible to show that the lowering of water table of 0.5 m, which is needed to dry the beach sand would require a continuous pumping with a flow of 5 m3.h-1
Kühn, Yannik. "Machine Learning Methods for the Analysis of Coastal Sea States". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PAUU3029.
Texto completoPrecise wave forecasts are essential for many coastal communities as they help ensuring safe maritime operations, mitigation of coastal hazards, and the enjoyment of marine recreation. While a reliable global forecast coverage does exist, local, high-resolution forecasts are often not available in many areas due to a significant computational demand. However, recent advances in machine learning have produced several promising approaches to drastically reduce forecast computation time.This thesis investigates one such machine learning approach called super-resolution, that was already successfully employed to speed up computations in fluid mechanics.The concept involves using a numerical model over a mesh with coarse resolution and then converting the results to a higher resolution using a trained machine learning model, thereby avoiding heavy computations in high resolution. This thesis examines the feasibility of the super-resolution approach for coastal wave forecasts. The first part of the thesis presents a proof-of-concept study on data-driven super-resolution using results from a spectral wave model over a structured grid. It demonstrates that this approach can accelerate forecasts by up to 50 times compared to a direct high-resolution computation, with a negligible loss in accuracy. The second part extends this method to unstructured meshes, analyzing the influence of bathymetry and wave energy conditions through a hindcast along the Basque coast. It is found that graph neural networks and polynomial regressions are promising approaches, where the former is suited for highly variable wave fields and the latter for scenarios where speed is paramount. A third part extends the application of super-resolution to wave spectra directly. Despite challenges in evaluating the best model among four tested options, the results suggest that data-driven super-resolution can provide accurate and fast predictions of spatially distributed wave spectra with an accuracy comparable to high-resolution wave model computations
Chauchat, Julien. "Contribution à la modélisation diphasique du transport sédimentaire en milieux côtiers et estuariens". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00173387.
Texto completoEn terme de résultats, nous montrons que l'approche développée est capable de reproduire quantitativement les principaux processus mis en jeu dans le transport sédimentaire de particules non cohésives : la sédimentation et la dispersion turbulente des particules en milieu dilué. Le modèle développé confirme l'existence d'une différence de vitesse horizontale entre les particules et l'eau. Il simule les effets de dispersion des particules par le mouvement turbulent du fluide et l'atténuation de l'énergie cinétique turbulente du fluide due à la présence des particules. Une autre originalité de ce travail est de proposer un modèle diphasique à surface libre, bidimensionnel vertical, pour la simulation du transport sédimentaire. Nous avons identifié des lacunes entre les théories et les expériences notamment pour la simulation de la turbulence en écoulement dense. Nous proposons des solutions pour améliorer la simulation du comportement de matériaux cohésifs. Une tentative de simulation hydrosédimentaire sur l'estuaire de la Seine est présentée. Le phénomène de bouchon vaseux est qualitativement reproduit par le modèle sans qu'aucune loi d'érosion ou de dépôt ne soit imposée.
Pinault, Jonas. "Study of swash motion in an embayed beach based on observations and phase-resolving wave modeling - Case of the Grande Plage of Biarritz". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PAUU3015.
Texto completoDue to the ever growing anthropogenic pressure at the coast and the perspectives of sea levelrise, coastal hazards such as overtoping are more threatening than ever. In this context, accurateestimations of the wave contributions to the total water level (TWL) at the shoreline, namelythe run-up, are crucial for coastal engineers and those involved in coastal zone managementand engineering design. In this work, we propose to investigate wave run-up in an urban-ized embayed beach based on observations and phase-resolving numerical modeling. First, thephase-resolving model based on the Boussinesq equations BOSZ is validated against laboratoryLiDAR measurements to provide an extensive validation and sensitivity analysis. Then, themodel is applied to the real configuration of the Grande Plage of Biarritz, a complex urbanizedembayed beach. A data-set from a 3-day field campaign carried out in 2018 including pressuremeasurements and video-derived run-up data is utilized for the model validation. These ap-plications demonstrate that the model reproduces wave transformations and subsequent swashmotions reasonably well. The validated model results and observations are then used to investi-gate the swash motions, under varying conditions of waves and tide. Results show that the tidallevel played a key-role in the swash dynamics. At low tide, the conditions were dissipative andthe swash was dominated by the infragravity motions. At high tide reflective conditions wereobserved with a domination of the short-wave frequencies. These changes are explained by thedouble-slope profile where a low sloping area is found in the intertidal zone and a steep slope onthe foreshore. The tidal modulation also influenced the dissipation of infragravity waves, whichwere found to dissipate energy substantially at low tide through breaking, while at mid andhigh tide standing wave patterns, characteristic of shoreline reflection, were observed. Underenergetic conditions the influence of the tide was minimized as the large waves tended to breakon the low sloping portion, regardless of the tide. These results highlight the complexity of theswash behavior in 3D conf
Robinet, Arthur. "Modélisation de l’évolution long-terme du trait de côte le long des littoraux sableux dominés par l’action des vagues". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0946/document.
Texto completoWave-dominated sandy coasts are highly dynamic and populated systems increasingly threatened by erosion hazard. Understanding and predicting shoreline change is critical to inform and guide stakeholders. However, there is currently no numerical model able to reproduce and predict shoreline evolution over the full range of temporal scales and coastal geometries owing to numerical and physical limitations. This thesis focuses on the development of new reduced-complexity models to simulate shoreline change along wave-dominated sandy coasts on the timescales from hours to decades with low computation time. First, a statistical shoreline change model based on the seasonal occurrences of some oceanic basin weather regimes is developed. This model allows simulating shoreline variability at the seasonal and interannual scales, without resorting to wave data or sediment transport modeling. Second, a new so-called LX-Shore numerical wave-driven shoreline change model is developed, which takes the best from some existing models and includes additional numerical and physical developments. LX-Shore couples the primary longshore and cross-shore processes and includes the feedback of shoreline and bathymetric evolution on the wave field using a spectral wave model. LX-Shore successfully simulates the dynamics of coastal embayments or the formation of subsequent nonlinear evolution of complex shoreline features such as flying sandspits. It is anticipated that LX-Shore will provide new and quantitative insight into the respective contributions of the processes controlling shoreline change on real coasts for a wide range of wave climates and geological settings
Bru, Driss. "Corrections atmosphériques pour capteurs à très haute résolution spatiale en zone littorale". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0314/document.
Texto completoThe coastal area accumulates major socio-economic and environmental issues. To understand the dynamics of the associated systems and predict their evolution, particularly in a context of strong human pressure and climate change, it is necessary to rely on long-termobservation systems providing robust data. By its spatial extent, ocean color remote sensing has demonstrated in recent years its strong potential for the observation of the coast and tends to become a central component of observation systems. However, very high resolution sensors (hereafter named THRS), suitable for small-scale observation of the physical and biogeochemical processes that characterize the dynamics of the coastal zone, still have strong limitations requiring important technical and scientific developments. As part of my PhD, I will focus on the atmospheric correction issues. The latter represent a key step of the signal processing in ocean color remote sensing. They are used to extract the marine signal from the total signal measured the sensor through an onboard radiometer. This signal, which only represents about 10% of the total signal, is used to measure, from inversion models, physical and biogeochemical parameters characterizing the marine and continental aquatic systems. However, atmospheric correction methods developed for ocean missions are often inadequate or ineffective for THRS sensors due to lower instrumental characteristics (low spectral resolution and low signal to noise ratio). My work was first to develop an innovative atmospheric correction method based on the elaboration of a local aerosol model, the ISAC model. This aerosol model is the result of the study of variations of the optical and microphysical properties of aerosol over Arcachon, based on four years of AERONET data. This method has later been applied to Landsat 8 images and the results were evaluated with other standard methods. Then, a comparison with field data was used to validate and demonstrate the good performance of the method. Finally, the ISAC’s corrected images were used used to evaluate the performance of an inversion model to extract bathymetry
Marche, Fabien. "Theoretical and numerical study of shallow water models : applications to nearshore hydrodynamics". Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13108.
Texto completoHoudard, Clément. "Analyse de solutions pour limiter l'érosion externe du talus arrière d'une digue en terre soumise à la houle : une approche basée sur la théorie des copules et l’analyse de sensibilité globale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UEFL2070.
Texto completoThis study presents a comprehensive analysis framework for an earthen dyke located in Camargue, France, which is regularly subjected to erosion on the landward slope. The aim of the study is to improve the resilience of the dyke by providing a reliable model of damage frequency. To achieve this, we developed a system that combines copula theory, empirical wave propagation, and overtopping equations, as well as a global sensitivity analysis. The system provides the return period of erosion damage on a set dyke and recommendations for dyke reinforcement and model self-improvement. The global sensitivity analysis requires calculating a high number of return periods over random observations of the tested parameters. This provides a distribution of the return periods and a more general approach to the behavior of the dyke. The results show a return period peak around the two-year mark, which is close to reported observations. However, the distribution is skewed, and the mean value is less reliable as a measure of dyke safety. The global sensitivity analysis results show that no particular category of dyke features contributes significantly more to the uncertainty of the system. The highest contributing factors are the dyke height, the critical velocity, and the coefficient of seaward slope roughness. These results underline the importance of good dyke characterization to improve the predictability of return period estimations. The obtained return periods have been confirmed by current in-situ observations, but the uncertainty increases for the most severe events due to the lack of long-term data. Some improvements to the system have been explored for future use
Hemdane, Yacine. "Dynamique hydro-sédimentaire de l'avant-côte de type macrotidal : le cas du littoral du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France". Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0302.
Texto completoThree field campaigns were carried out in the nearshore zone of the Opal Coast, Southern North Sea, with the aim of improving our understanding of the hydrodynamics and sediment transport patterns prevailing on a macrotidal shoreface subject to significant wind influence. Three field sites, respectively subject to erosion, accretion and stability, were chosen and hydrodynamic conditions (water levels, waves, longshore and cross-shore currents) were monitored at depths ranging from 5 to 10 m together with bed sediment sampling under various wind forcing conditions. Simulation of sediment transport was carried out using the semi-quantitative grain-size vector model of Gao and Collins (1992) and the Sedtrans96 model of Li and Amos (2001). The models of Yalin (1963) and Grant and Madsen (1986) were used to calculate bed shear stress and sediment entrainment. The results highlight an essentially longshore sediment circulation system hinged on the regional bi-directional flood-ebb tidal pattern. Superimposed on this system is a spatially and temporally variable asymmetry pattern due to wind and wind-wave forcing and to the local bathymetry which is dominated by a complex system of tidal banks and ridges. The local bathymetry probably induces resonance phenomena that affect the tidal wave and tidal ellipse vectors. Cross-shore sediment transport processes only occur during tidal reversal phases, when negligible tidal current velocities give way to wind-forced currents and wave action favourable to onshore transport, qith offshore transport induced by bed return flows and infragravity waves (between 0,03 and 0,003 Hz). However, the obliquity of the major axis of the tidal ellipse relative to shoreline orientation may also generate cross-shore flows across the shoreface. It is important to note that the strong longshore tidal currents, sometimes reinforced by wind forcing, may annul cross-shore sediment transport. This is highlighted by the longshore morphology of the shoreface tidal ridges which appear to be subject to little onshore movement
Jarry, Nicolas. "Etudes expérimentales et numériques de la propagation des vagues au-dessus de bathymétries complexes en milieu côtier". Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00644931.
Texto completoJarry, Nicolas. "Etudes expérimentales et numériques de la propagation des vagues au-dessus de bathymétries complexes en milieu côtier". Phd thesis, Toulon, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00644931/fr/.
Texto completoThis thesis treats about the determination of the waves characteristics on coastal areas. The studies deal especially with the phenomenon of wave refraction and diffraction, reflection on marine works, and transmission above a submerged structure. A numerical calculation code of the wave propagation is developed on the curvilinear coordinates principle formed by the rays and the crests. It allows following wave propagation without any angle limitation. Addition of a diffraction parameter inside the equations facilitates the consideration of this effect. An experimental study on the waves' free surface behaviour propagating over a shoal was also carried out. It enabled to show the competition between refraction and diffraction effects and reveals that the crests of a monochromatic wave do not cross, but tend to diphase, since the shoal is submerged. Jointly, fundamental research works on tapping waves' energy leaded to undertake wave flume tests in regular waves, in the purpose of experimentally characterising pressure stresses resulting from Longuet-Higgins's oscillator effects when a wave is reflected by a marine works. Following these tests, we can foresee the construction of a new wave energy recovery system. Its efficiency is calculated for irregular waves, and an estimation of the energetic production is done for the case of an implementation on a real site. At last, an artificial submerged reef composed by geotextile bags is dimensioned and tested in wave flume for two industrial projects in order to evaluate the transmission coefficients
Than, Van Van. "Modélisation d'érosion côtière : application à la partie Ouest du tombolo de Giens". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4736/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is the determination of the causes of sea erosion phenomenon, and the production of policy proposals for the protection of the beach. The study begins with the collection and analysis of all available data, to find evolution rules of tombolo of Giens. Which aims to explain how the hydrodynamic processes and sediment transport occur. Then MIKE modeling software was applied to confirm the hypothesis and get a better understanding of the dynamics at work in the Western tombolo. Then, we coupled factors simultaneously: waves, coastal currents and sediment transport for different regimes of wave and wind in MIKE 21. Finally, the possibility of stabilizing the Western tombolo is discussed to give suggestions on the choice of solutions
Guerin, Thomas. "Modélisation morphodynamique pluri-décennale des côtes dominées par la marée et les vagues". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROS002/document.
Texto completoThis work considers the pluri-decadal morphodynamic modeling of sandy coastal environments subjected to tides and waves. A process-based numerical model is used, together with a collection of field data from the LIENSs laboratory (i.e. bathymetric, hydrodynamic, and seismic data). To simulate the morphodynamic of these environments, two main numerical developments have been added to the model : (1) the sediment heterogeneity, and (2) the bed evolution computation following a WENO-based scheme adapted to unstructured grids. The first model application concerns the 40-year hindcast (period 1960 to 2000) of a wide estuary mouth sandbank located in the Marennes-Oléron bay : the Longe de Boyard sandbank. Numerical results suggest that this sandbank long-term evolution is strongly controlled by waves, in spite of its global tide-dominated morphology. Rhythmic nature of sediment accretion, which is observed and modeled in the south part of the bank, was then analyzed from a stratigraphic point of view thanks to the integration of sediment heterogeneity into the model. Grain size rhythmic variations in this area appeared to be related to local wave climate seasonality. The second model application considers the Arçay sandspit evolution (Vendée coast). Morphodynamic results suggest that this sandspit evolution, mainly controlled by waves, is characterized by a combination of both autogenic and external-influenced behaviors
Rulleau, Bénédicte. "Services récréatifs en milieu naturel littoral et évaluation économique multi-attributs de la demande". Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40036.
Texto completoRecreational services provided by the natural environment are hightly heterogenous and most of them are non market. For management and policy making purpose however, it is useful to fully appreciate preferences for forests attributes and give a monetary value for outdoor recreation. This study aims at contributing to the debate on the economic value of outdoor recreation demand in multidimensional contexts. It exemines the contributions of multi-attribute methods that come from Lancaster's characteristicss approach. More precisely, we focus on the Multiple Programmes Contingent Valuation Method (MPCVM) and on Choise Experiments (CE). These relatively new approaches aim at differentiating recreaction by relevant attributes in order to examine the consequences of multidimensional changes in their provision and to identify visitor's trade'offs between attributes. We propose here an application to Stated-owned coastal sites in the Gironde area (Southwest France), where three adjoining wilderness areas (the ocean, the sand and the forest) form one sole site. A survey was conducted in summer 2006 on tourists and main and secondary residents. The MPCVM studies any "substitution effect" the may be between the programmes (recreational quality of natural areas). It also allows for the calculation of visitors' Willingness-To-Pay. The CE is applied to forest recreation. It identifies the relative influence of an attribute on visit choice. Finally, these methods raise several questions about the formulation of individual choices and about the inclusion of these choices in the valuation process
Meuret, Anne. "Etude d'un système PUVW pour des mesures de houle et de turbulence en milieu littoral côtier". Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0019.
Texto completoChazel, Florent. "Influence de la topographie sur les ondes de surface". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200419.
Texto completoJadidi, Mardkheh Amaneh. "Towards development of fuzzy spatial datacubes : fundamental concepts with example for multidimensional coastal erosion risk assessment and representation". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25589.
Texto completoCurrent Geospatial Business Intelligence (GeoBI) systems typically do not take into account the uncertainty related to vagueness and fuzziness of objects; they assume that the objects have well-defined and exact semantics, geometry, and temporality. Representation of fuzzy zones by polygons with well-defined boundaries is an example of such approximation. This thesis uses an application in Coastal Erosion Risk Analysis (CERA) to illustrate the problems. CERA polygons are created using aggregations of a set of spatial units defined by either the stakeholders’ interests or national census divisions. Despite spatiotemporal variation of the multiple criteria involved in estimating the extent of coastal erosion risk, each polygon typically has a unique value of risk attributed homogeneously across its spatial extent. In reality, risk value changes gradually within polygons and when going from one polygon to another. Therefore, the transition from one zone to another is not properly represented with crisp object models. The main objective of the present thesis is to develop a new approach combining GeoBI paradigm and fuzzy concept to consider the presence of the spatial uncertainty in the representation of risk zones. Ultimately, we assume this should improve coastal erosion risk assessment. To do so, a comprehensive GeoBI-based conceptual framework is developed with an application for Coastal Erosion Risk Assessment (CERA). Then, a fuzzy-based risk representation approach is developed to handle the inherent spatial uncertainty related to vagueness and fuzziness of objects. Fuzzy membership functions are defined by an expert-based vulnerability index. Instead of determining well-defined boundaries between risk zones, the proposed approach permits a smooth transition from one zone to another. The membership values of multiple indicators (e.g. slop and elevation of region under study, infrastructures, houses, hydrology network and so on) are then aggregated based on risk formula and Fuzzy IF-THEN rules to represent risk zones. Also, the key elements of a fuzzy spatial datacube are formally defined by combining fuzzy set theory and GeoBI paradigm. In this regard, some operators of fuzzy spatial aggregation are also formally defined. The main contribution of this study is combining fuzzy set theory and GeoBI. This makes spatial knowledge discovery more understandable with human reasoning and perception. Hence, an analytical conceptual framework was proposed based on GeoBI paradigm to develop a fuzzy spatial datacube within Spatial Online Analytical Processing (SOLAP) to assess coastal erosion risk. This necessitates developing a framework to design a conceptual model based on risk parameters, implementing fuzzy spatial objects in a spatial multi-dimensional database, and aggregating fuzzy spatial objects to deal with multi-scale representation of risk zones. To validate the proposed approach, it is applied to Perce region (Eastern Quebec, Canada) as a case study.
Leze, Julie. "Modélisation de l’impact des forçages océaniques sur les nappes côtières. Étude de l’Ermitage (île de La Réunion)". Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0016/document.
Texto completoStudies of coastal aquifers based on a constant mean sea level generally not consider the impact of oceanic oscillations. Our approach combines a long-term recording of “La Nappe des Sables” (adjacent to the fringing reef system of l'Ermitage, La Reunion) with numerical models in order to investigate the influence of these oceanic seasonal oscillations on groundwater hydrodynamics, seawater intrusions and submarine groundwater discharges. Analyzing both the behavior of the aquifer and the oceanic domain (reef), this study integrates a continuous recording of 600 days. It shows that the geometry and the hydrodynamic parameters chosen in the model, correlated to three types of oceanic oscillations, have variable consequences on the hydraulic head, the dispersive front and submarine groundwater discharges. Moreover, taking into account different complex oceanic boundaries in transient simulations over this 600 days period generates a better reproducibility of recorded signals (hydraulic head and salinity). These results underline that a long-term recording of oceanic oscillations is necessary for a good understanding of hydrodynamic mechanisms within coastal aquifers. The global signal must be decomposed with a harmonic analysis in order to identify the respective contributions of wave set up and tidal pumping to this signal. Our models reveal that the complexity of the natural system must be accounted for realistically in future numerical studies. The combination of hydrogeological and oceanographical data will allow the quantification of the impact of oceanic seasonal oscillations on such environments
Tellier, Eric. "Noyades et traumatismes liés aux vagues et marées sur le littoral océanique girondin : épidémiologie, modélisation et prévention". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0225.
Texto completoThe Gironde coasts in southwestern France are shaped by ocean conditions. Sandy beaches are exposed to high-energy waves which create hazardous conditions with shore-break waves and rip currents. These phenomena cause drownings and potentially serious injuries, requiring patrolling and rescue means.The aims of this work were to study wave-related drownings and injuries (i.e. surf zone injuries, SZI) in several ways: by describing the population of victims, modelling the risks and identifying the actions needed to prevent them.First, the demographic characteristics and severity of SZI were described. By analysing calls to the Gironde Emergency Medical Aid Service, 652 drownings and 814 traumas were recorded. From these data and using meteorological data, a model was created to predict the risk of drowning on the Gironde surf coast. It was then validated, based on the weather forecasts. The risk of drowning due to rip-currents can thus be anticipated three days in advance. The risks factors of shorebreak related injury were also studied.A theoretical framework to describe the timeline of drowning, using a continuous Markov process, was proposed. It allowed, among other things, to simulate the theoretical impact of a reduction in rescue time on the severity of drownings. Shortening the median rescue time from 15 to 10 minutes would reduce severe drowning cases by half.Finally, the use of risk predictions in prevention action was discussed on the basis of concepts from a literature review. This work will make it possible to set up and evaluate an action to prevent SZI in Gironde
Castelle, Bruno. "Modélisation de l'hydrodynamique sédimentaire au-dessus des barres sableuses soumises à l'action de la houle : application à la côte aquitaine". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12859.
Texto completoThis thesis presents the first complete study of wave dynamics, wave-induced currents, and morphodynamics of nearshore sandy bars on the aquitanian coast beaches. This study is based on a physical modeling approach, associated with satellite imagery as well as treatment and analysis of field data. From the 12th to the 19th of october 2001 at Truc Vert beach, hydrodynamic and sedimentary data were collected during PNEC 2001 field measurements for energetic swell conditions. From the analysis of these data, the hydrodynamic module of the morphodynamic model developed during this thesis has been validated, and the dynamics of waves and wave-induced currents has been described. Simulations over aquitanian coast ridge and runnel systems and nearshore crescentic bar system show an intense tidal modulation of physical processes. Rip currents are induced by shore normal incidence long swells and an oscillating longshore current is induced by oblic incidence swells. The morphodynamic coupling including tidal cycles shows that self-organization mechanisms are responsible for the formation fo ridge and runnel systems in the intertidal domain and crescentic bar systems in the nearshore zone. The morphological characteristics of simulated systems are in agreement with observations. The development of these bars is also studied, as well as its sensitivity to wave forcing. The study leads to a new conceptual model of sandy bars morphology on the aquitanian coast
Lenoir, Sylvain. "Impact du réchauffement climatique sur la distribution spatiale des ressources halieutiques le long du littoral français : observations et scénarios". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10047/document.
Texto completoThis aims to study the impact of climate warming on the spatial distribution of fish in the North Atlantic, using the new habitat model called the Non-Parametric Probabilistic Ecological Niche Model (NPPEN). The model NPPEN is nonparametric and requires only presence data. It is based on concept of the ecological niche sensu Hutchinson. The model NPPEN tests the Mahalanobis generalised distance by permutations to produce and map the probability of species occurrence. The model is therefore well suited to study expected changes in the biogeography of marine species at macro-scale. Applying this new model on more than fifty marine species in the North Atlantic, has highlighted the impact of global warming on the biogeography of species, structure and trophodynamic of the marine ecosystem. Disruption, already observed in spatial distribution and abundance (probability of occurrence) of fish species such as Atlantic cod and lesser sandeel were found again. The majority of species will move northward to stay in an environment consistent with their ecological niche. The intensity and rapidity of the biogeographic movements expected, as the balance of gains or losses in the spatial range differ among fish; governed by the ability of species movement, their range of environmental tolerance (niche breadth) and the intensity of global warming
Mansui, Jérémy. "Observation et modélisation des macro-déchets en mer Méditerranée, de la large échelle aux échelles côtière et littorale". Thesis, Toulon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUL0015/document.
Texto completoThe main objective of this work is to study the floating marine debris transport mechanisms and their potentialaccumulation in the Mediterranean Sea, using numerical modelling and in-situ observations of debris. Thetransport dynamics is analysed in terms of typical scales in the basin, from the large scale to the coastal andlocal scales.First, the analysis of a Lagrangian experience data set show the potential existence of non-permanent and largeretention areas (Mansui et al., 2015a). In a second stage, the coastal impact of a boundary current (the NorthernCurrent) and atmospheric forcings on the local distribution and stranding of floating marine litter has beenestimated (Mansui et al., 2015b, under revision), using an original set of data combining offshore sightings andbeaching surveys
Bruneau, Nicolas. "Modélisation morphodynamique des plages sableuses". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13765/document.
Texto completoAlong many sandy environments as the Aquitanian Coast, waves and wave-induced currents play a key role on the beach morphodynamics. Within a socio-economic (human interventions, natural environment protection) and touristic (human safety) framework, understand the complex dynamics of these systems is a real scienti?c challenge these last decades. The development of an operational morphodynamical modeling platform was performed during this PhD thesis. The modeling strategy consists in coupling the spectral wave model SWAN (Delft Univer- sity of Technology) with the non-linear shallow water model MARS 2DH (Ifremer). The MARS model was initially designed to compute tide- and wind-induced currents. Thus, the wave processes and a sed- imentary unit were implemented inside MARS to compute morphological evolutions of wave-dominated sandy beached. The Biscarrosse-PréECORS ?eld experiment carried out in June 2007 at Biscarrosse Beach was used to validate our modeling platform for a large range of o?shore wave conditions. Results have proved the e?ciency and the robustness of our model to calculate wave-induced currents and circulations over alongshore non-uniformities. The strong tidal modulation of currents and the intense rip currents for low-energy conditions were highlighted. The morphodynamical modeling platform was also used to analyze the generation and the development of rhythmic three-dimensional morphologies for one- and double-barred systems. For double-barred en- vironments, the intense morphological coupling between the inner and outer bar was studied in the response of wave and tide forcing. We have highlighted the in?uence of the tide on the bar growth and showed the correlation between the growth and the wave dissipation over the bar. This thesis has succeeded in the development of a complete model for understanding the dynamics of sandy coastal environments
Maspataud, Aurélie. "Impacts des tempêtes sur la morphodynamique du profil côtier en milieu macrotidal". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00658671.
Texto completoChiban, Samia. "Modélisation de la déposition des particules solides dans les rejets urbains conduits à la mer par émissaires marins". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015838.
Texto completoFilippini, Andrea Gilberto. "Free surface flow simulation in estuarine and coastal environments : numerical development and application on unstructured meshes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0404/document.
Texto completoCes dernières décennies, une attention particulière a été portée sur la modélisation mathématique et la simulation numérique de la propagation de vagues en environnements côtiers. Une description physiquement correcte des phénomènes à grande échelle, qui apparaissent dans les régions d'eau peu profonde, doit prendre en compte de forts effets non-linéaires et dispersifs, ainsi que l'interaction avec des bathymétries complexes. Dans un premier temps, une étude du comportement en régime non linéaire de différents modèles de type Boussinesq est proposée, démontrant l'avantage d'utiliser des modèles fortement non-linéaires par rapport à des modèles faiblement non-linéaires et faiblement dispersifs (couramment utilisés). Ensuite, une nouvelle approche flexible pour résoudre les équations fortement non-linéaires et faiblement dispersives de Green-Naghdi est présentée. Cette stratégie permet d'améliorer un code "shallow water" existant par le simple ajout d'un terme algébrique dans l'équation du moment et est particulièrement adapté à l'utilisation de techniques hybrides pour le déferlement des vagues. De plus, la première discrétisation des équations de Green-Naghdi sur maillage non structuré est proposée via des schémas hybrides Volume Fini/Élément Fini. Finalement, les modèles et méthodes développés dans la thèse sont appliqués à l'étude du problème physique de la formation du mascaret dans des estuaires convergents et alluviaux. Cela a amené à la première caractérisation d'estuaire naturel en terme d'apparition de mascaret
Jouanneau, Nicolas. "Caractérisation de la dispersion de traceurs passifs dans un écoulement côtier soumis à un régime macrotidal : Étude d'impact de la dynamique sur la qualité de l'eau le long du littoral du Nord-Pas de Calais et de la Picardie". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981658.
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