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Thomas, K., GA Chilvers y RH Norris. "Short Communication: Litterfall in riparian and ajacent forest zones near perennial upland stream in the Australian Capital Territory". Marine and Freshwater Research 43, n.º 2 (1992): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920511.
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Litterfall into Lees Creek from eucalypt-dominated riparian vegetation and litterfall in adjacent eucalypt forest was measured monthly for 2.5 years. Mean annual litterfall for riparian vegetation was 4.52 t ha-1, of which overstorey leaf fall accounted for 44%, understorey leaf fall 12.5%, twigs 16.75%, bark 12% and miscellaneous material 14.75%. Mean annual litterfall in adjacent forest was 4.20 t ha-1, of which overstorey leaf fall accounted for 52.3%, understorey leaf fall 2.9%, twigs 18%, bark 12% and miscellaneous material 14.8%. More than 50% of all litterfall occurred from December to March with leaf fall the largest component (60-70%) during this period. Minimum litterfall was in winter with twigs contributing up to 40% of total litterfall during this period. Timing of litterfall into Lees Creek and the adjacent forest is similar to litterfall in other Australian forests and to litterfall from sclerophyllous vegetation into streams of the south-western Cape of South Africa.
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Yang, Yulian, Honglin Yang, Qiang Wang, Qing Dong, Jiaping Yang, Lijun Wu, Chengming You, Jinyao Hu y Qinggui Wu. "Effects of Two Management Practices on Monthly Litterfall in a Cypress Plantation". Forests 13, n.º 10 (27 de septiembre de 2022): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101581.
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Optimizing stand structure can enhance plantation forest ecosystem service functions by regulating litterfall patterns; however, the effects of close-to-nature management on litterfall production remain unclear. Here, we selected three cypress (Cupressus funebris) plantations, including one using the practice of strip filling (SF), one using the practice of ecological thinning (ET), and one pure cypress plantation without any artificial interference. The production of total litterfall and its components (leaf, twig, reproductive organ and miscellaneous litterfall) were investigated monthly over one year from September 2019 to August 2020. Compared with that of the pure plantation, the total annual litterfall production of the SF and ET plantations decreased significantly by 10.8% and 36.44%, respectively. The annual production of leaf and reproductive organ litter was similar to that of total litterfall, but that of twig and miscellaneous litter was higher in the SF and ET plantations than in the pure plantation. Moreover, total, leaf and reproductive organ litterfall production displayed unimodal dynamics regardless of plantation, although the peaks of reproductive organ litter production occurred in different months. In contrast, the production of twig litter showed bimodal dynamics in the pure plantation, while unimodal and irregular dynamics were observed in the plantations with ET and SF, respectively. Additionally, insignificant differences in the isometric growth index of leaf litter and total litterfall were observed. The allometric indices of twig litterfall versus total litterfall, reproductive organ litterfall versus total litterfall, and leaf litterfall versus twig litterfall were higher in the plantations with SF and ET than in the pure plantation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that diameter at breast height and air temperature were the most important factors shaping the annual and monthly production of litterfall, respectively. These results provide efficient data to support the rectification of the material circulation of cypress plantations and their future management.
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Dellenbaugh, Mary, Mark J. Ducey y James C. Innes. "Double sampling may improve the efficiency of litterfall estimatesContribution No. 2335 of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, Durham, N.H." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37, n.º 4 (abril de 2007): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x06-274.
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The effort required for an extensive litterfall measurement campaign can be prohibitive. We propose a double sampling approach, in which a large set of traps is used in each stand to estimate total litterfall, and only a subset of these traps is sorted to the relevant components. We examine its feasibility using data from a regional litterfall study of eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus L.), in which the variables of interest were biomass of foliar litterfall from pine and nitrogen content of foliar litterfall from all vegetation. Double sampling was more efficient than simple random sampling but only if every trap received a rapid presorting to remove twigs and cones. The optimal strategy when pine foliar litterfall biomass was the target variable was to conduct full sorting on 33% of the traps. When foliar litterfall N was the target, sorting only 20% of the traps was optimal. Holding time costs constant, the variance of estimated pine foliar litterfall biomass could be reduced by 18%, whereas that for foliar litterfall N could be reduced by 49%. Alternately, when variance was held constant, the time cost could be reduced by 17% for pine foliar litterfall biomass or 44% for foliar litterfall N.
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Jia, Bingrui, Hongru Sun, Wenying Yu y Guangsheng Zhou. "Quantifying the interannual litterfall variations in China’s forest ecosystems". Journal of Plant Ecology 13, n.º 3 (14 de marzo de 2020): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa010.
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Abstract Aims Litterfall is a key parameter in forest biogeochemical cycle and fire risk prediction. However, considerable uncertainty remains regarding the litterfall variations with forest ages. Quantifying the interannual variation of forest litterfall is crucial for reducing uncertainties in large-scale litterfall prediction. Methods Based on the available dataset (N = 318) with continuous multi-year (≥2 years) measurements of litterfall in Chinese planted and secondary forests, coefficient of variation (CV), variation percent (VP), and the ratio of next-year litterfall to current-year litterfall were used as the indexes to quantify the interannual variability in litterfall. Important Findings The interannual variations of litterfall showed a declining trend with increasing age from 1 to 90 years. The litterfall variations were the largest in 1–10 years (mean CV = 23.51% and mean VP = −28.59% to 20.89%), which were mainly from tree growth (mean ratio of next-year to current-year = 1.20). In 11–40 years, the interannual variations of litterfall gradually decreased but still varied widely, mean CV was ~18% and mean VP ranged from −17.69% to 21.19%. In 41–90 years, the interannual variations minimized to 8.98% in mean CV and ~8% in mean VP. As a result, forest litterfall remained relatively low and constant when stand age was larger than 40 years. This result was different from the previous assumptions that forest litterfall reached relatively stable when stand age was larger than 30, 20 or even 15 years. Our findings can improve the knowledge about forest litter ecology and provide the groundwork for carbon budget and biogeochemical cycle models at a large scale.
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Sinaga, Tonggo. "Study Productivity And Decomposition Litterfall In Sibolangit Forest, Deli Serdang To Support Field Trip Plantation Ecology". JURNAL BIOSAINS 1, n.º 3 (20 de enero de 2016): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jbio.v1i3.2924.
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The research was conducted in mountain rain forest of Sibolangit, Deli Serdang, Northen Sumatera. The objectives of this research are to know litter fall productivity, decomposition and litterfall nutrients. Litterfall is the fallen leaves, twigs, flowers and fruits to forest-floor, which one of the input of nutrients to anorganic sril. This input is one of the nutrients cycling to forest ecosystem and the other form atmosfer and a lot of animals. Based on available data on 20 traps, litterfall productivity 5,91 gr/m2/week or 3073,2 kg/ha/year in high topography. Litterfall productivity 4,92gr/m2/week or 2558,4 kg/ha/year in low topography. Litterfall decomposition (lossed of weight) about 25,48% in 30 days ( 1 month ) for meranti ( Shorea sp ) and leaves of Ficus sp had lossed of weight about 8,09% in 30 days ( 1 month ). Ration C/N (Carbon-Nitrogen) litterfall and soil moisture made differrent litterfall decomposition (lossed of weight) Keywords : Productivity, Decomposition, Litterfall, Productivity.
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Ferrari, James B. "Fine-scale patterns of leaf litterfall and nitrogen cycling in an old-growth forest". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1999): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x98-198.
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Spatial patterns of litterfall and soil nitrogen (N) mineralization were investigated in an old growth hemlock-hardwood forest to test the hypothesis that the lignin/N ratio of litterfall is negatively correlated with soil N availability. Litterfall was measured at 50 small subplots on a 7.2-ha mapped plot in Sylvania Wilderness Area, Michigan, where there is pronounced patchiness of species in the canopy. Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification were measured concurrently at the subplots using buried-bag incubations. Total aboveground litterfall was 3723 kg·ha-1 per year with leaf litterfall contributing 69% of the total, and N mineralization was 68.0 kg·ha-1 per year. The lignin/N ratios of leaf litter and total litterfall were negatively correlated with soil N mineralization and nitrification at the 50 subplots. Nitrogen mineralization rates, especially percent nitrification, were higher where basswood and sugar maple litterfall dominated and lower where hemlock litterfall was high, demonstrating the importance of litterfall and leaf litter chemistry to soil N pattern on a fine spatial scale. The effect of leaf litter chemistry on soil N may be a positive feedback mechanism that maintains the landscape-scale canopy mosaic at Sylvania.
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Vitousek, Peter M., Grant Gerrish, Douglas R. Turner, Lawrence R. Walker y Dieter Mueller-Dombois. "Litterfall and nutrient cycling in four Hawaiian montane rainforests". Journal of Tropical Ecology 11, n.º 2 (mayo de 1995): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400008634.
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ABSTRACTThe mass of fine litterfall and nutrient circulation through litterfall were determined in four Melrosideros polymorpha/Cibotium spp.-dominated rainforests that differed in substrate age, parent material texture and annual precipitation on Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes on the island of Hawaii. Three of the sites had rates of litterfall of 5.2 Mg ha−1 y−1; the fourth, which was on the most fertile soil, produced 7.0 Mg ha−1 y−1 of litterfall with higher concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Tree ferns of the genus Cibotium cycled relatively large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through litterfall; their contribution to nutrient circulation was disproportionate to their mass in the forest, or in litterfall. The forest on the youngest substrate, which also had the lowest concentrations of nitrogen in litterfall, was fertilized with complete factorial combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus and a treatment consisting of all other plant nutrients. Additions of nitrogen increased the quantity and nitrogen concentration in litterfall during the second year following the initiation of fertilization, while no other treatment had a significant effect. Additions of nitrogen had no effect on litterfall mass or nutrient concentrations in the most nutrient-rich site.
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Edmonds, Robert L. y Georgia LD Murray. "Overstory litter inputs and nutrient returns in an old-growth temperate forest ecosystem, Olympic National Park, Washington". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 32, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2002): 742–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x01-227.
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Overstory litterfall rates and nutrient returns were determined in an old-growth temperate rainforest watershed in the Hoh River valley, Olympic National Park, Washington. Litter was sorted into green needles, senescent needles, fine wood, reproductive, and miscellaneous litter (mostly arboreal lichens and mosses). Understory and coarse woody debris inputs were not determined. Total annual overstory litterfall averaged 3594 kg·ha1 and varied among the six plant communities in the watershed. There was a trend for litterfall to be higher in the upper watershed; elevations ranged from 180 to 850 m. Needles provided the greatest amount of litterfall (60%) with woody litter and other material averaging 18 and 22%, respectively. Highest senescent needle litterfall occurred from July to October, but highest woody litterfall was from January to April. Green needles provided only 3% of annual needle litterfall. Green and senescent needle litterfall were related to western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) basal area, suggesting that this shade-tolerant species was the greatest contributor to needle litterfall. The following quantities (kg·ha1) of nutrients were returned to the forest floor annually: Ca, 26.8; N, 24.6; K, 4.0; Mg, 3.0; P, 2.9; Mn, 1.7; and Na, 1.2.
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Kulmann, Matheus Severo de Souza, Grasiele Dick y Mauro Valdir Schumacher. "Litterfall and Accumulated Nutrients in Pinus taeda Plantation and Native Forest in Southern Brazil". Forests 12, n.º 12 (17 de diciembre de 2021): 1791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121791.
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The dynamics of the production, chemical composition, and accumulated nutrients in litterfall are essential to understand the availability of nutrients and, consequently, possible gains in productivity in different forest types. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the litterfall and the accumulated nutrients in litterfall in a Pinus taeda plantation and native forest from southern Brazil. Two forest types: (i) an eight-year-old Pinus taeda L. plantation; and (ii) a native forest fragment, located in southern Brazil, were studied for four years. The monthly and annual litterfall production, chemical composition, accumulated nutrients, and nutrient use efficiency of the litterfall were evaluated. The Pinus taeda plantation showed higher values of leaves/needles litterfall and N, P, K, Ca and Mg use efficiency. This demonstrates that Pinus taeda plantations have a high production of needle biomass, which, in turn, has increased cell division, favoring the entry of these nutrients into the soil via decomposition. Our results show that total litterfall production did not significantly influence the accumulated nutrient and nutrient efficiency of litterfall, demonstrating that evaluating litterfall fractionation, such as leaves/needles, twigs and miscellaneous, is essential to understand the quantity and quality of litterfall and, thus, the nutrient cycling, which can contribute to possible silvicultural practices to be implemented, which can provide growth gains in forest types.
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Chave, J., D. Navarrete, S. Almeida, E. Álvarez, L. E. O. C. Aragão, D. Bonal, P. Châtelet et al. "Regional and temporal patterns of litterfall in tropical South America". Biogeosciences Discussions 6, n.º 4 (27 de julio de 2009): 7565–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-7565-2009.
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Abstract. The production of aboveground soft tissue represents an important share of total net primary production in tropical rain forests. Here we draw from a large number of published and unpublished datasets (n=81 sites) to assess the determinants of litterfall variation across South American tropical forests. We show that across old-growth tropical rainforests, litterfall averages 8.61±1.91Mg/ha/yr. Secondary forests have a lower annual litterfall than old-growth tropical forests with a mean of 8.01±3.41 Mg/ha/yr. Annual litterfall shows no significant variation with total annual rainfall, either globally or within forest types. It does not vary consistently with soil type, except in the poorest soils (white sand soils), where litterfall is significantly lower than in other soil types (5.42±1.91Mg/ha/yr). Litterfall declines significantly with increasing N:P. We also study the determinants of litterfall seasonality, and find that it does not depend on annual rainfall or on soil type. However, litterfall seasonality is significantly positively correlated with rainfall seasonality. Finally, we assess how much carbon is stored in reproductive organs relative to photosynthetic organs. Mean leaf fall is 5.74±1.83 Mg/ha/yr (71% of total litterfall). Mean allocation into reproductive organs is 0.69±0.40Mg/ha/yr (9% of total litterfall). The investment into reproductive organs divided by leaf litterfall is negatively related to the N:P ratio, suggesting that on poor soils, the allocation to photosynthetic organs is prioritized over that to reproduction. Finally, we discuss the ecological and biogeochemical implications of these results.
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Chave, J., D. Navarrete, S. Almeida, E. Álvarez, L. E. O. C. Aragão, D. Bonal, P. Châtelet et al. "Regional and seasonal patterns of litterfall in tropical South America". Biogeosciences 7, n.º 1 (5 de enero de 2010): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-43-2010.
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Abstract. The production of aboveground soft tissue represents an important share of total net primary production in tropical rain forests. Here we draw from a large number of published and unpublished datasets (n=81 sites) to assess the determinants of litterfall variation across South American tropical forests. We show that across old-growth tropical rainforests, litterfall averages 8.61±1.91 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (mean ± standard deviation, in dry mass units). Secondary forests have a lower annual litterfall than old-growth tropical forests with a mean of 8.01±3.41 Mg ha−1 yr−1. Annual litterfall shows no significant variation with total annual rainfall, either globally or within forest types. It does not vary consistently with soil type, except in the poorest soils (white sand soils), where litterfall is significantly lower than in other soil types (5.42±1.91 Mg ha−1 yr−1). We also study the determinants of litterfall seasonality, and find that it does not depend on annual rainfall or on soil type. However, litterfall seasonality is significantly positively correlated with rainfall seasonality. Finally, we assess how much carbon is stored in reproductive organs relative to photosynthetic organs. Mean leaf fall is 5.74±1.83 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (71% of total litterfall). Mean allocation into reproductive organs is 0.69±0.40 Mg ha−1 yr−1 (9% of total litterfall). The investment into reproductive organs divided by leaf litterfall increases with soil fertility, suggesting that on poor soils, the allocation to photosynthetic organs is prioritized over that to reproduction. Finally, we discuss the ecological and biogeochemical implications of these results.
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Lambie, S. M. y J. Dando. "Seasonal litterfall composition and carbon and nitrogen returns in New Zealand shrubland". Australian Journal of Botany 67, n.º 8 (2019): 610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19070.
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Mānuka–kānuka shrubland is an important carbon (C) sink in New Zealand, yet little is known about C cycling within these systems. The objective of our work was to assess seasonal litterfall rates, composition, and C and nitrogen (N) inputs in mixed mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium J.R. Forst & G. Forst.) and kānuka (Kunzea ericoides var. ericoides (A.Rich) J.Thompson) stands. Litterfall was collected for 2years at Tongariro National Park (NP) and Stoney Creek, Wairarapa (SC), separated into leaf, twig, bark, seed and ‘other’, and the C and N content of each component measured. Total litterfall was between 3557 and 4443kgha–1year–1, of which leaf material contributed 46–67%. Litterfall peaked during spring–summer months at both sites, and the overall litterfall rate was greater (P < 0.001) at SC than NP. Litterfall at SC contained greater (P < 0.001) amounts of ‘other’ due to higher undergrowth contributions, and also greater seed fall (P < 0.001), possibility due to the lower altitude at SC. The proportion of leaf material in litterfall also peaked during summer (P < 0.001). C inputs in the total litter were 1941–2448kgCha–1year–1 and N inputs ranged between 28 and 37kgNha–1year–1. There was little seasonal difference in C and N contents and the majority of both C and N inputs in litterfall were in the leaf material (P < 0.001). C inputs peaked during summer, but N inputs were closely aligned with total litterfall maximums during spring–summer. The leaf:wood ratio was 1.9 at both sites, indicating litter quality was consistent at both stands, regardless of differences in composition. Although the sites had similar rainfall and shrub ages, the rate of total litterfall differed, reflecting the potentially site-specific nature of litterfall in mānuka–kānuka shrubland. Further work is needed assessing litterfall and degradation rates across New Zealand to establish if mānuka–kānuka shrublands would remain carbon sinks under climate change.
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Herbohn, John L. y Robert A. Congdon. "Ecosystem dynamics at disturbed and undisturbed sites in north Queensland wet tropical rain forest. II. Litterfall". Journal of Tropical Ecology 9, n.º 3 (agosto de 1993): 365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400007422.
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ABSTRACTRates of litterfall over a period of 3 y at one undisturbed site and two sites disturbed by selective harvesting are reported for a tropical rain forest area in North Queensland, Australia. Litterfall over a period of 18 months is also reported for a further undisturbed site in the same area. No significant differences were found in annual litterfall between the sites, with annual litterfall rates ranging from 5.0 to 6.0 t ha−1 y−1. These rates are considerably lower than those reported for other rain forest areas in Australia, and are within the lower ranges recorded for other tropical rain forests. Litterfall was found to be strongly seasonal at all sites with the maximum falls occurring from the end of the dry season to the end of the wet season. The between year variability of the sites was quite low, with the ratio of maximum to minimum production ranging from 1.05 to 1.20. The average percentages of leaves, wood and reproductive material in litterfall were similar at each site. Leaves were the dominant component of litterfall with the average proportion of the total litterfall ranging from 72% to 76% over the study period at each of the four sites. At certain times, however, the fall of wood and reproductive material was quite significant, comprising as much as 71% and 34% of litterfall respectively. A strong negative correlation was found between the fall of leaves and wood at all sites.
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De Souza, Huan Pablo, Angélica Costa Malheiros, Dione Richer Momolli, Aline Aparecida Ludvichak, Claudiney Couto Guimarães, José Mateus Wisniewski Gonsalves y Mauro Valdir Schumacher. "Mineral Fertilization Increases Litterfall in Degraded Soils by Arenization". Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, n.º 3 (8 de agosto de 2021): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i3.18853.
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Young stands on sandy soils with low natural fertility are more dependent on chemical fertilization. The litterfall becomes the most important route for biogeochemical cycling in an ecosystem. Therefore, the aim of the study was to quantify the annual litterfall, evaluate the seasonality of deposition and verify the litterfall response under different amounts of fertilizers in a young eucalyptus stand implanted in soil degraded by arenization in southern Brazil. Litterfall was evaluated using litter traps with an area of 0.5 m². Fortnightly, over a year, collections and quantification of dry mass were performed. Each of the 5 fertilizer treatments received increasing amounts of nutrients. The litterfall had seasonal pattern, with larger quantities for the spring season, with statistical difference at a level of 5% probability of error from other seasons evaluated, marked by the increase in temperatures. The amount of litterfall, in descending order, followed the amount of nutrients applied in the treatments: T5 > T3 > T4 > T2 > T1. The annual litterfall ranged from 518 to 1326 kg ha-1 of the treatment that received natural phosphate (T1) and triple superphosphate (T5), respectively. This variation represents an increase of 156%. The increase in litterfall is associated with the amount of fertilizers.
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Sales Rodrigues Aquino, Priscila, Marcos Sales Rodrigues, Renato Vinícius Oliveira Castro y Mauro Eloi Nappo. "Uso de redes neurais artificiais na análise de variáveis ambientais associadas à deposição de serapilheira". Comunicata Scientiae 7, n.º 3 (27 de diciembre de 2016): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v7i3.1172.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate, with the use of artificial neural networks, the influence of some environmental variables in litterfall. The study was conducted on the gallery forest along ‘Lava-pés’ stream in Goiás State, Brazil where the experimental site (3 ha) was structured in a grid of 60 litterfall traps, with 0.33 m2 each and held 0.65 m above the soil, georeferenced and spaced at intervals of 32 x 32 m. Litterfall was monthly collected from December 2011 to November 2012. All litterfall samples were manually separated into three fractions: leaves (LE), branch bark (BB), and reproductive parts (RP). Relevance of climate , temporal, spatial and phytosociological variables in litterfall deposition were evaluated, through sensitivity analysis provided by the artificial neural network with the best performance. According to the statistical analysis, all variables were significant in the phenomenon, while the variable time (months of the year) was the most important for litterfall in the evaluated area. Artificial neural networks are shown as a powerful tool for litterfall analysis.
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Young, Hillary S., Douglas J. McCauley, Amanda Pollock y Rodolfo Dirzo. "Differential plant damage due to litterfall in palm-dominated forest stands in a Central Pacific atoll". Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, n.º 3 (13 de marzo de 2014): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646741400008x.
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Abstract:High densities of palms are common in many tropical forests. In some cases, the dominance of palms has been associated with a depauperate understorey and high rates of native seedling mortality. A variety of different potential mechanisms has been suggested to explain the sustained palm dominance in the understorey and canopy of these forests. Working in a Cocos nucifera-dominated wet tropical forest at Palmyra Atoll in the central Pacific, we examine how litterfall from this pantropical, and economically important palm, impacts seedling survival. We compare rates of litterfall, and rates of litterfall-associated damage, between forest stands dominated by C. nucifera (coconut palm) and forest stands with low abundance of C. nucifera. To assess litterfall damage we survey damage to both artificial seedlings (n = 711), outplanted real seedlings of two species (with and without protection via caging; n = 204), and standing rates of litterfall damage. We find that rates of large-litterfall damage were an average of five times higher in sites with high densities of C. nucifera. Associated with these increases we observe that levels of physical damage to artificial model seedlings caused by litterfall over a 4-mo period increased from 4.9% in sites with low abundance of C. nucifera to 16.1% in sites with high abundance of C. nucifera. Extrapolated to annual rates, litterfall damage of this magnitude exceeds the average levels observed in other published studies. Living native seedlings also showed more than 300% higher levels of mortality in forest stands with high densities of C. nucifera, a difference that was greatly reduced when protected by caging from litterfall. In contrast, uncaged C. nucifera seedlings actually had slightly higher survivorship in habitats dominated by conspecifics. We suggest that litterfall damage may be an important mechanism by which this tropical palm reaches and maintains near monodominance in many coastal and insular habitats.
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Jonczak, Jerzy. "Dynamics, structure and properties of plant litterfall in a 120-year old beech stand in Middle Pomerania between 2007-2010". Soil Science Annual 64, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2013): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ssa-2013-0002.
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Abstract Studies of plant litterfall mass, its dynamics, structure and chemical composition were conducted between 2007.2010 in a 120-year old beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand located in Middle Pomerania. The annual mass of litterfall during the study period ranged from 2.793 to 5.398 t·ha.1 and its maximum was observed during the seed year. Leaves were the major component of plant litterfall and their contribution was 82.4.84.5% in the non-seed years and 47.2% during the seed year. Inflorescences, seeds, and seed coats were important components of litterfall during the seed year and accounted together up to 39.8% of the total litterfall mass. Particular fractions of litterfall significantly differed in the chemical composition. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were noticed in seeds and leaves collected in spring and the maximum content of calcium was observed in leaves collected in autumn. The weighted mean annual concentrations of nitrogen ranged within 0.81.1.13%, phosphate . 0.126.0.153%, potassium . 0.298.0.485% and calcium . 0.416.0.583%. The influx of elements with litterfall to the soil was: 167.3.225.9 kg·ha-1 of ash, 23.2.61.0 kg·ha-1 of nitrogen, 3.6.7.6 kg·ha-1 of phosphorus, 8.3.26.2 kg·ha-1 of potassium and 15.3.22.4 kg·ha-1 of calcium.
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SIZER, NIGEL C., EDMUND V. J. TANNER y ISOLDE D. KOSSMANN FERRAZ. "Edge effects on litterfall mass and nutrient concentrations in forest fragments in central Amazonia". Journal of Tropical Ecology 16, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2000): 853–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400001760.
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Forest edges bordering on pasture were created by cutting and burning the surrounding Amazonian lowland rain forest in the dry season (June) of 1990. Litterfall was measured for 3.5 y along transects 10, 50, 100 and 250-m into the forest from the forest edge. Litterfall along the 10-m transects increased by up to 2.5 times that on spatial controls (250-m transects) in the dry season in which the edge was created. In the second dry season after edge creation litterfall at 10-m was lower than on controls, after which it returned to control rates in the second wet season, 1.5 y after edge creation. Litterfall 50-m into the forest was less affected; there was a smaller rise in the dry season in which the edge was cut, and no significant effects after that. At 100-m there was no effect of edge creation on litterfall. Phosphorus concentrations in litterfall were elevated along 10-m transects, 10–12 wk after edge creation, possibly because of reduced retranslocation prior to abscission. The changes in litterfall described here are inextricably linked to the biomass collapse, which occurs near forest-fragment edges in the same area.
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Staelens, Jeroen, Lieven Nachtergale, Sebastiaan Luyssaert y Noël Lust. "A model of wind-influenced leaf litterfall in a mixed hardwood forest". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 2003): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x02-174.
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Litterfall is an important ecological process in forest ecosystem functioning. Some attempts have been made to develop spatially explicit models of litterfall, but wind influence has never been included. Therefore, we studied the effect of wind on litterfall in an intimately mixed birch-oak forest using tree diameter and position as input data. After testing a litterfall model that assumed isotropic leaf dispersal, an anisotropic dispersal module was developed to account for wind influence. Using leaf fall data of 104 litter traps, isotropic and anisotropic models were optimized for silver birch (Betula pendula Roth), pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and model quality was compared. The anisotropic leaf litterfall model proved to be relevant because (i) the estimated litterfall directions corresponded very well to prevailing wind directions during leaf fall and (ii) including directionality significantly increased the goodness of fit of the models for both oak species but not for birch. Consequently, prevailing wind directions during leaf fall affected leaf dispersal in a broad-leaved deciduous forest. Insight into the spatial variability of the litter layer in forest ecosystems can benefit from the improved understanding of small-scale litterfall processes.
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Devi, Ng Lamnganbi y E. Jadu Singh. "Pattern of litterfall and return of nutrients in five Oak species of mixed Oak forest of Manipur, North-East India". Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2, n.º 1 (5 de febrero de 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i1.46.
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Litterfall and its nutrient return in five oak species were studied in the mixed Oak forest in Senapati District, Manipur .Litter production was measured by litter trap method. The total annual litterfall was 958.9 g m-2yr-1.Leaf and non leaf litterfall comprises 76.7 % and 23.3 % of the total litterfall. Maximum litterfall was found in the month of April (193.5 g m-2) and minimum in the month of July (23.7 g m-2).About 70% of the forest floor was replaced each year with turnover time of 1.42 yr.The amount of nutrient return through leaf litter was found to be maximum in Q.polystachya and minimum in C.indica. Nutrients (NPK) concentration of leaf litter of five different tree species was varied among different tree species.
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Henrique, Nirvani S., Katia L. Maltoni y Glaucia A. Faria. "Litterfall decomposition of coffee shaded with Tectona grandis or in full sun". Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 26, n.º 2 (febrero de 2022): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n2p91-96.
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ABSTRACT Litterfall is an important source of soil nutrients, but its decomposition can be affected by the crop system used. The objective of this study was to evaluate litterfall decomposition and macronutrient stocks in coffee crop systems in shaded (SHCS) environments and those in full sun (FSCS). The experiment was conducted on a rural property in Cacoal, state of Rondônia, Brazil, in a 2 × 6 factorial scheme with two crop systems (SHCS and FSCS), and six litterfall decomposition evaluation times (0, 30, 60, 180, 300, and 360 days after the litterfall was returned to the soil (DAL)), with seven replicates. The constant of decomposition (k), half-life time (t1/2) at 360 DAL, and phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and nitrogen (N) concentrations of the remaining litterfall were determined at each evaluation time. The litterfall in the SHCS had a greater weight loss and constant of decomposition and a lower half-life time at the last evaluation, and the weight loss increased as a function of decomposition time. The litterfall stocks of macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, and Mg showed a linear decrease throughout the decomposition time, and increases in sulfur stock were found at the last evaluation.
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Ludvichak, Aline Aparecida, Mauro Valdir Schumacher, Grasiele Dick, Dione Richer Momolli, Huan Pablo de Souza y Claudiney do Couto Guimarães. "NUTRIENT RETURN THROUGH LITTERFALL IN A Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden STAND IN SANDY SOIL". Revista Árvore 40, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2016): 1041–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-67622016000600009.
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ABSTRACT In a forest stand, litterfall is primarily responsible for the retention and return of nutrients to the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the return of nutrients through litterfall in a stand of Eucalyptus dunnii in a Pampa biome. For quantification of litterfall, four 420-m2 installments were marked; within each one, four 0.50-m2 collection plots were distributed. For the collection of thick branches, four 7.00-m2 sub-plots were staked out. The collected litterfall was separated into leaf, twig, thick branch, and miscellany fractions for subsequent chemical analysis. The total litterfall measured was 6.99 Mg ha-1 yr-1, and comprised 61.57% leaves, 17.34% twigs, 13.83% thick branches, and 7.26% miscellany. The total amount of macronutrients in the litterfall was 160.22 kg ha-1 yr-1, and the macronutrient transfer order was the same for the leaf, twig, and thick branch fractions (Ca > N > K > Mg > S > P). The total quantity of micronutrients was 7.55 kg ha-1 yr-1, and the transfer order was Mn > Fe > B > Zn > Cu. Maintaining litterfall on the site, especially in degraded or low fertility soils like in the Pampa biome, may contribute to possible improvements in soil characteristics.
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Gripp, Anderson da Rocha, Luísa Alícida Fernandes Tavares, Leticia da Silva Brito, Adriano Caliman, André Tavares Corrêa Dias, Eduardo Arcoverde de Mattos, Dora Maria Villela, Ana Paula da Silva, Francisco de Assis Esteves y Rodrigo Lemes Martins. "PRECIPITATION DEFICITS AND HIGH TEMPERATURE INCREASE LEAF LITTERFALL IN OPEN RESTINGA VEGETATION, IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL". Oecologia Australis 24, n.º 04 (14 de diciembre de 2020): 803–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2020.2404.05.
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Climate is an important driver of litterfall along different ecosystems. However, little is known about how climate affects litter production in plant communities of Restinga. The aim of this study is to characterize the temporal variation in leaf litter production in an Open Clusia Formation in Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, from 2001 to 2018, and assess how local variability in litter production reflects the local climatic conditions and its variability. We tested the hypothesis that monthly leaf litterfall increases in dry months and in drier and warmer than average months; we also evaluated if annual leaf litterfall increases in wetter and warmer years following leaf production patterns, that increases in these conditions. We found that litterfall peaks in the drier months. This pattern is consistent for many tropical ecosystems, even evergreen ecosystems, and may have evolved as a strategy that result in reduced water stress by plants, during drier and warmer periods, or may simply be a stress symptom. However, we also found that decreases in monthly rainfall and increases in monthly ∆Temperature (temperature observed minus estimated based on 1970-2000 interval) stimulate leaf litter production. Hot and warmer than average years also seem to stimulate leaf litterfall. It suggests that annual leaf litterfall and leaf production are less affected by precipitation regimes than variations in temperature (or radiation, which is directly related to temperature). It may result from the fact that Clusia hilariana, the dominant species in this ecosystem which accounts to 80 % of leaf litterfall, is a CAM photosynthesis species, a characteristic commonly associated with avoidance of water stress by plants. Although leaf litterfall seems to be predominantly driven by climate at annual scale, only 15 % of its variation was associated to climate at seasonal scale, suggesting that local factors control litterfall at lower temporal scales in Open Clusia Formation.
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Araújo, V. F. P., M. R. V. Barbosa, J. P. Araújo y A. Vasconcellos. "Spatial-temporal variation in litterfall in seasonally dry tropical forests in Northeastern Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Biology 80, n.º 2 (junio de 2020): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.192113.
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Abstract The production of litterfall is essential for nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. From November 2009 to October 2011, analyzed the monthly litterfall production in two areas of Caatinga, a type of Seasonally Dry Tropical Forest located in the Cariri Paraibano, in the semiarid region of the Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. One of the areas, Private Natural Heritage Reserve (RPPN) Fazenda Almas, is legally protected, and the other, Fazenda Moreiras, does not. The aims were to evaluate the effects of precipitation, evapotranspiration and vegetation structure on the temporal and spatial dynamics of litterfall production. Eight sampling points were randomly chosen at each site, and two 1 m2 collectors were installed 50 m apart from each other. The collected material was sorted, dried and weighed. Additionally, the characteristics (density, species richness, height and mean basal area) of the tree-shrub stratum in plots with a 10 m radius surrounding each collector. Total litterfall production was 4,500 kg ha-1 yr-1 for Fazenda Almas and 3,300 kg ha-1 yr-1 for Fazenda Moreiras; these values were within the expected range for Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. The inter- and intra-annual variation in litterfall production was positively correlated with precipitation and evapotranspiration rates, and four months after the highest precipitation rates, there was a marked decrease in litterfall occurred during the dry season. Furthermore, the contributions of the material fractions were distinct with the leaf fraction representing for more than 60% of the litterfall, and the vegetation structure explained 75% of the variation in litterfall production. Therefore, climatic factors and vegetation structure affect the temporal and spatial dynamics of litterfall production and consequently influence nutrient dynamics in the semiarid region of Brazil.
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Novák, J., D. Dušek y M. Slodičák. "Quantity and quality of litterfall in young oak stands". Journal of Forest Science 60, No. 6 (2 de julio de 2014): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2/2014-jfs.
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Litterfall, an important component of the nutrient cycle in forest ecosystems, was measured for 9 years in young oak stands on two localities classified as beech-oak climax (Fageto-Quercetum). We estimated that about 4 Mg of dry mass per hectare fell each year. Nutrient content in the litterfall represents annually per hectare approximately 40–55 kg of nitrogen, 2–3 kg of phosphorus, 7–16 kg of potassium, 41–73 kg of calcium and 6–7 kg of magnesium. The amount of litterfall is positively correlated with stand basal area and with the death of suppressed tress with small crowns. We found a positive correlation between annual litterfall and the sum of precipitation and a negative correlation between annual litterfall and temperature in summer.
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ALMEIDA, Everton José, Flávio LUIZÃO y Domingos de Jesus RODRIGUES. "Litterfall production in intact and selectively logged forests in southern of Amazonia as a function of basal area of vegetation and plant density". Acta Amazonica 45, n.º 2 (junio de 2015): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201402543.
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Nutrient recycling in the forest is linked to the production and decomposition of litter, which are essential processes for forest maintenance, especially in regions of nutritionally poor soils. Human interventions in forest such as selecttive logging may have strong impacts on these processes. The objectives of this study were to estimate litterfall production and evaluate the influence of environmental factors (basal area of vegetation, plant density, canopy cover, and soil physicochemical properties) and anthropogenic factors (post-management age and exploited basal area) on this production, in areas of intact and exploited forest in southern Amazonia, located in the northern parts of Mato Grosso state. This study was conducted at five locations and the average annual production of litterfall was 10.6 Mg ha-1 year-1, higher than the values for the Amazon rainforest. There were differences in litterfall productions between study locations. Effects of historical logging intensity on litterfall production were not significant. Effects of basal area of vegetation and tree density on litterfall production were observed, highlighting the importance of local vegetation characteristics in litterfall production. This study demonstrated areas of transition between the Amazonia-Cerrado tend to have a higher litterfall production than Cerrado and Amazonia regions, and this information is important for a better understanding of the dynamics of nutrient and carbon cycling in these transition regions.
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Suhaili, Nurul Syakilah, Syahrir Mhd Hatta, Daniel James, Affendy Hassan, Mohamadu Boyie Jalloh, Mui-How Phua y Normah Awang Besar. "Soils Carbon Stocks and Litterfall Fluxes from the Bornean Tropical Montane Forests, Sabah, Malaysia". Forests 12, n.º 12 (24 de noviembre de 2021): 1621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121621.
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Tropical forests play an important role in carbon storage, accumulating large amounts of carbon in their aboveground and belowground components. However, anthropogenic land-use activities have increasingly threatened tropical forests, resulting in accelerated global greenhouse gas emissions. This research aimed to estimate the carbon stocks in soil, organic layer, and litterfall in tropical montane forests under three different land uses (intact forest, logged-over forest, and plantation forest) at Long Mio, Sabah, Malaysia. Field data were collected in a total of 25 plots from which soil was randomly sampled at three depths. Litterfalls were collected monthly from November 2018 to October 2019. The results showed that the soil in the study area is Gleyic Acrisol, having pH values ranging between 4.21 and 5.71, and high soil organic matter contents. The results also showed that the total soil carbon stock, organic layer, and litterfall is higher in the intact forest (101.62 Mg C ha−1), followed by the logged-over forest (95.61 Mg C ha−1) and the plantation forest (93.30 Mg C ha−1). This study highlights the importance of conserving intact forests as a strategy to sequester carbon and climate change mitigation.
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Ojo, AF, TOS Kadeba y J. Kayode. "Litter Mass and Nutrient Dynamics in a Transformed Rainforest Ecosystem in Southwestern Nigeria". Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 45, n.º 4 (7 de abril de 2011): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v45i4.7380.
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Litter mass and nutrient changes were studied in a tropical rainforest after the original vegetation was converted to a monoculture plantation of teak. (Tectona grandis Lim.) in Akure forest reserve in southwestern Nigeria. The amount of litter and macronutrients N, P, K, Ca and Mg in litterfall were determined and qualified. The difference in the mean annual litterfall of 6,688 kg ha-1 yr-1 and 3,774 kg ha-1 yr-1 for the natural forest and plantation respectively are in the ratio 2:1. The mean monthly litterfall was statistically significant at 5% probability level. Except for N, nutrient recycling from litterfall showed no significant difference between the two ecosystems. The relative content of the nutrient elements in the litterfall were in the order Ca>Mg>K>N>P in the plantation. Result showed that even though there was lot in litterfall as a result of the conversion, such was not enough to adversely affect the nutrient level of litter and overall litter nutrient contribution to the ecosystem. Key words: Teak; Litter mass; Macronutrients; Tropical rainforest DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i4.7380 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(4), 351-358, 2010
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BRITO, CLEITON FERNANDO BARBOSA, VARLEY ANDRADE FONSECA, FELIZARDA VIANA BEBÉ, ALESSANDRE GABRIEL OLIVEIRA RAMOS y GEORGE BRITO SILVA. "PRODUCTION, DECOMPOSITION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BANANA LITTERFALL". Revista Caatinga 30, n.º 1 (marzo de 2017): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n105rc.
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ABSTRACT The characterization of litterfall in forest and agroforest systems is important to better understand the cycling of nutrients, however, few studies on litterfall of fruit trees, such as banana, are found. Therefore, the objective of this work was assess the production and decomposition and chemically characterize the litterfall of banana genotypes cropped in a dystrophic typical Red-Yellow Latossol, with weak A horizon, medium texture in a hypo-xerophytic Caatinga in the Southwest of Bahia, Brazil. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with twelve treatments (genotypes) and five replications. The genotypes Preciosa, Pacovan-Ken and Maravilha presented the greatest dry weight. The genotype Fhia18 showed the longest half-life of litterfall decomposition. The banana genotypes Preciosa, Maravilha and Pacovan-Ken produce the greatest contents of litterfall, and their chemical characterization shows the descending order Ca>N>Mg>K>S>P for macronutrients and Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu for micronutrients. The banana genotypes PV-79-34, Garantida, Pacovan, JV-42-135, Prata-Anã, Pacovan-Ken, Preciosa and Maravilha present the lowest number of days for decomposition of the litterfall accumulated.
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Jasińska, Justyna, Piotr Sewerniak y Radosław Puchałka. "Litterfall in a Scots Pine Forest on Inland Dunes in Central Europe: Mass, Seasonal Dynamics and Chemistry". Forests 11, n.º 6 (12 de junio de 2020): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11060678.
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Extensive areas of inland dunes are commonly overplanted with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). However, thus far the pine litterfall has not been investigated in detail in Scots pine stands overgrowing the landforms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the mass and chemical composition of litterfall in a dune Scots pine forest, paying special attention to the differences in the properties of the particular categories of litterfall (needles, twigs, bark, cones, residue) occurring in different seasons. The secondary goal of the research was to investigate the possible effect of contrasting slope aspect on litterfall properties. Litterfall was examined for three years on a north- and south-facing dune slope using the litter trap method. The mass and chemical composition (C, N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Ca, Fe, Al) of each litterfall category was analysed. Average annual mass of litterfall ranged from 322.0 ± 2.6 (slope N) to 361.9 ± 34.2 (slope S) g m−2 year−1. Fluctuations in the annual concentrations of N, P, K and Mg were determined, which was the result of their gradual withdrawal from needles before they were dropped in autumn. Immobile or poorly mobile elements (i.e., Mn, Ca, Fe and Al) were found to be steadily accumulated during the year in fallen tissues. The studied elements can be set in the following order as regards the annual pools which return to a topsoil with litterfall: C > N > Ca > K > Mg > Mn > Al > P > Fe on slope N and C > Ca > N > K > Mg > Al > P > Mn > Fe on slope S. Despite the fact that the residue (seeds etc.) constitutes a much smaller part of the total litterfall mass than the needles, comparable amounts of N, P, K, Al and Fe return to a topsoil with both these categories. The only element for which we determined differences in concentrations regarding slope aspect was Mn: the concentrations were significantly higher for needles, twigs, bark and cones on the N than the S slope.
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Gautam, Tilak Prasad y Tej Narayan Mandal. "Effect of disturbance on litter dynamics in moist tropical forest of eastern Nepal". Our Nature 14, n.º 1 (23 de enero de 2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v14i1.16435.
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Litterfall is an important vector of nutrient and carbon recycling in forest ecosystems. Present study was conducted in moist tropical forest of eastern Nepal to understand the effect of disturbance on litter dynamics. Litterfall was estimated at monthly intervals from one litter trap (1 m × 1 m) at each of the 70 sampling plots while litter mass accumulated at each sampling plot was collected once every season from one 1 m × 1 m plot. The total annual litterfall in undisturbed forest (UF) was 11.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1 which decreased by 54.2% in disturbed forest (DF). Leaves accounted for 69% (UF) to 76% (DF) of total litterfall while non-leaf litter formed the rest. Seasonal pattern exhibited a concentrated litterfall in summer season during March to June when more than 70% litterfall occurred in both stands. Forest floor litter mass also decreased due to forest disturbance. The total input of nutrients to the soil through litterfall in UF was more than double as compared to DF. The nutrient stocks in litter mass were in the order: N > K > P in both stands. Key disturbance activities like lopping, litter removal, tree felling, grazing, fire etc. in the peripheral part of the forest should be strictly prohibited by imposing rules and regulations so that status of biodiversity would be restored. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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Marler, Thomas E. y Gil N. Cruz. "Temporal Variation of Litterfall and Nutrient Return of Serianthes nelsonii Merr. in a Tropical Karst Forest". Plants 11, n.º 17 (3 de septiembre de 2022): 2310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11172310.
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Trees contribute to ecosystem nutrient cycling through the amount, timing, and composition of litterfall. Understanding the nature of this contribution from endangered tree species may aid in species and habitat recovery efforts. Serianthes nelsonii is an endangered tree species from the Mariana Islands, and little is known about litterfall dynamics. The timing of leaf, fruit, and stem litterfall was determined to more fully understand the return of nutrients via litter. The total annual litterfall was 272.8 g·m−2, with 45% represented by leaves, 48% represented by stems, and 7% represented by fruits. Stem litterfall weight contrasted more from month to month than the other organs, and leaf litterfall exhibited the most even distribution throughout the year. The timing of fruit and stem litterfall was influenced by the timing of extreme wind events. Leaf litter contributed nutrients in the following order: carbon > calcium > nitrogen > potassium > magnesium > iron > phosphorus > manganese > boron > zinc > copper. Fruit and stem litter contributed nutrients in the following order: carbon > calcium > nitrogen > magnesium > potassium > phosphorus > iron > manganese > boron > zinc > copper. Based on carbon/nitrogen, the stem litter exhibited the lowest quality and leaf litter exhibited the highest quality for speed of nutrient release via decomposition. Conservationists may use this knowledge to more fully integrate S. nelsonii trees into habitat management plans.
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de Sousa-Neto, Eráclito Rodrigues, Sílvia Rafaela Machado Lins, Susian Christian Martins, Marisa de Cássia Piccolo, Maurício Lamano Ferreira, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Janaina Braga do Carmo, Edmar Antonio Mazzi, Benjamin Z. Houlton y Luiz Antonio Martinelli. "Litterfall mass and nutrient fluxes over an altitudinal gradient in the coastal Atlantic Forest, Brazil". Journal of Tropical Ecology 33, n.º 4 (julio de 2017): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467417000207.
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Abstract:Litterfall is one of the most important pathways through which nutrients are recycled in the terrestrial biosphere. In tropical soils, which are generally low in essential nutrients such as phosphorus and cations, the flux of nutrients through litterfall is particularly important to sustaining CO2-uptake capacity; however, questions remain over the role of altitude in altering litter nutrient cycling rates among tropical forest ecosystems. Here we examine litterfall, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fluxes through litterfall over an altitudinal gradient in the coastal Atlantic Forest located on the northern coast of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Litterfall was collected twice a month for 1 y (April 2007–March 2008) using 30 litter traps placed in four different forest types arrayed by altitude – coastal forest (sea level), lowland forest (50–200 m asl), submontane forest (300–500 m asl) and montane forest (1000 m asl). Litterfall mass-fluxes decreased with increasing altitude, from ~9 Mg ha−1 in lowland forests to 7 Mg ha−1 in higher-altitude ecosystems. Contribution of reproductive organs to litterfall was significantly greater in lower than in higher altitudes. Litterfall N and P fluxes were higher in the lowland forest vs. other forest types, pointing to strong altitudinal controls over nutrient cycling. Furthermore, nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) was lower and litter δ15N was higher in the lowland site providing additional evidence for lack of N constraints to productivity in lowland of the south-eastern Atlantic Forest.
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Lin, Kuo-Chuan, Steven P. Hamburg, Sheng-lin Tang, Yue-Joe Hsia y Teng-Chiu Lin. "Typhoon effects on litterfall in a subtropical forest". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2003): 2184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x03-154.
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The litterfall in a subtropical broadleaf forest within the Fushan Experimental Forest in northeastern Taiwan was monitored for 9 years. Mean annual litterfall was very sensitive to typhoon frequency and intensity, ranging from 3 to 11 Mg·ha1·year1. Litterfall was significantly higher in years with strong typhoons than in years without typhoons, and the number of strong typhoons explained 82% of interannual variation in litterfall. Nutrient-use efficiency (dry mass/nutrients in litterfall) was high for N, but low for P compared with other tropical forests. This result supports the idea that the study forest is P limited but not N limited. Nutrient loss via litterfall represents a large percentage of aboveground biomass, especially during years with strong typhoons (e.g., 19%41%, 15%40%, 5%12%, for N, P, and K, respectively). Forests that experience infrequent wind disturbance (e.g., temperate or boreal forests) can gradually regain any lost nutrients prior to the next disturbance; this is different from the situation observed in the Fushan Experimental Forest. At Fu-shan the pattern of not responding to typhoons with a flush of new growth appears to be an adaptation to the frequency with which there are multiple typhoons affecting the forest in a single year. Nutrient loss in litterfall caused by frequent typhoon disturbances appears to limit tree growth and contributes to the very low canopy height of the Fushan Experimental Forest.
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Morffi-Mestre, Hernán, Gregorio Ángeles-Pérez, Jennifer S. Powers, José Luis Andrade, Astrid Helena Huechacona Ruiz, Filogonio May-Pat, Francisco Chi-May y Juan Manuel Dupuy. "Multiple Factors Influence Seasonal and Interannual Litterfall Production in a Tropical Dry Forest in Mexico". Forests 11, n.º 12 (24 de noviembre de 2020): 1241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121241.
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Litterfall production plays a fundamental role in the dynamics and function of tropical forest ecosystems, as it supplies 70–80% of nutrients entering the soil. This process varies annually and seasonally, depending on multiple environmental factors. However, few studies spanning several years have addressed the combined effect of climate variables, successional age, topography, and vegetation structure in tropical dry forests. In this study, we evaluated monthly, seasonal, and annual litterfall production over a five-year period in semideciduous dry forests of different successional ages growing on contrasting topographic conditions (sloping or flat terrain) in Yucatan, Mexico. Its relationship with climate and vegetation structural variables were also analyzed using multiple linear regression and generalized linear models. Litterfall was measured monthly in 12 litterfall traps of 0.5 m2 in three sampling clusters (sets of four 400 m2 sampling plots) established in forests of five successional age classes, 3–5, 10–17, 18–25, 60–79, and >80 years (in the latter two classes either on slopping or on flat terrain), for a total of 15 sampling clusters and 180 litterfall traps. Litterfall production varied between years (negatively correlated with precipitation), seasons (positively correlated with wind speed and maximum temperature), and months (negatively correlated with relative humidity) and was higher in flat than in sloping sites. Litterfall production also increased with successional age until 18–25 years after abandonment, when it attained values similar to those of mature forests. It was positively correlated with the aboveground biomass of deciduous species but negatively correlated with the basal area of evergreen species. Our results show a rapid recovery of litterfall production with successional age of these forests, which may increase with climate changes such as less precipitation, higher temperatures, and higher incidence of hurricanes.
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Lv, Guo Hong, Guang Shen Zhou y Xiao Ying Wang. "Factors Controlling Litterfall Production of Forest in China". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (agosto de 2013): 4248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.4248.
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Litterfall production was shown to have a significant linear relationship with NPP in both natural and planted forests (R2= 0.67, 0.30,P<0.001). Correlation of litterfall production and climatic factors was higher in natural forest than in planted forest. Through correlative and path analyses, it was found that the climatic factors that most affect litterfall production in natural forest are annual mean maximum temperature, annual mean minimum temperature, annual extreme minimum temperature, and relative humidity, but in planted forest, they are annual extreme minimum temperature and annual mean minimum temperature. In both natural and planted forests, climatic factors could not account for the error in litterfall production predicted using the NPP.
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Keane, Robert E. "Biophysical controls on surface fuel litterfall and decomposition in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38, n.º 6 (junio de 2008): 1431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x08-003.
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Litterfall and decomposition rates of the organic matter that comprise forest fuels are important to fire management, because they define fuel treatment longevity and provide parameters to design, test, and validate ecosystem models. This study explores the environmental factors that control litterfall and decomposition in the context of fuel management for several major forest types in the northern Rocky Mountains (Idaho and Montana), USA. Litterfall was measured for more than 10 years using semiannual collections of six fine fuel components (fallen foliage, twigs, branches, large branches, logs, and all other canopy material) collected from a network of 1 m2 litterfall traps installed at 28 plots across seven sites. Decomposition of foliage, twigs, branches, and large branches were measured using litter bags installed on five of the seven sites. Measured litterfall and decomposition rates were correlated with major environmental and vegetation variables using regression analysis. Annual foliage litterfall rates ranged from 0.057 kg·m–2·year–1 for dry Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. stands to 0.144 kg·m–2·year–1 on mesic Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don stands and were correlated with the vegetation characteristics of leaf area index, basal area, and tree height (r > 0.5), whereas decomposition rates were correlated with the environmental gradients of temperature and relative humidity (r > 0.4).
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Tripathi, S. K. y K. P. Singh. "Litter dynamics of recently harvested and mature bamboo savannas in a dry tropical region in India". Journal of Tropical Ecology 11, n.º 3 (agosto de 1995): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400008865.
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ABSTRACTAnalysis of litterfall, nutrient return and floor mass dynamics was made in mature and recently harvested bamboo savanna sites in a dry tropical region in India. The total annual litterfall was 590 and 267 g m–2 in mature and harvested sites, respectively. Of the total litterfall, 58–77% by weight was contributed by leaf litter. Although litterfall occurred throughout the year, as much as 72–83% of the leaf litterfall was recorded during winter (December–February). Seasonal distribution of total litterfall was: rainy 12–22% of annual, winter 64–65% and summer 13–22%. Nutrient concentrations in bamboo leaf litter were low compared with the other species growing in the same region. Annual nutrient return through litterfall amounted to: 28–49 kg N ha–1, 1.32.9 kg P ha–1, 33–85 kg Ca ha–1, 12–32 kg K ha–1 and 1.4–2.8 kg Na ha–1. While maximum accumulations of fresh litter on the ground occurred in summer, the partly decayed and particulate litter categories peaked in the rainy season. Decaying litter categories showed 1.5–3 times greater nutrient concentrations than the concentrations in fresh leaf litter. Marked immobilization of N and P occurred in decomposing leaf and particulate litter. The mean annual nutrient content of the floor was (kg ha–1): N 29–40, P 1.0–1.9, Ca 13.8–23.9, K 14.6–15.3 and Na 0.85–0.99. The annual turnover in litter layer was: 63–81% for dry mass and 64–90% for different nutrients.
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Qiu, Lingbo, Tingqi Xiao, Tianjun Bai, Xingyue Mo, Jiahui Huang, Wenping Deng y Yuanqiu Liu. "Seasonal Dynamics and Influencing Factors of Litterfall Production and Carbon Input in Typical Forest Community Types in Lushan Mountain, China". Forests 14, n.º 2 (9 de febrero de 2023): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020341.
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Litterfall is an important part of the process of nutrient circulation and energy flow in forest ecosystems. Mountain forests are strongly eroded by running water in that the surface soil is thinner, and the terrain is complex and diverse. They are more sensitive to climate change, which will affect the ecological processes and carbon sink functions of forest ecosystems. Taking Lushan Mountain as an example, we studied the dynamic characteristics of litterfall components, seasonal changes in carbon input and the influencing factors of typical forest communities in the subtropics. The results showed that the total annual average litterfall components of evergreen broad-leaved forest (EBF) > artificial coniferous forest (ACF) > deciduous broad-leaved forest (DBF) > renew young forest (RYF), and that leaf litterfall is the first productivity in the litterfall components, and the peak of litterfall is mainly concentrated in spring and autumn, showing a single- or double-peaked change pattern. There was a linear relationship between the components of litterfall in the four forest communities and the stand factor, but the correlation degree R2 was small. Overall, the results showed that the total amount of litterfall in the four forest communities was affected by canopy density and stand density. Light, temperature and water at different altitudes had different effects on the amount of litterfall, with excessive temperatures at lower altitudes likely to limit forest growth and development under adequate light and water, and the opposite was true at higher altitudes. The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that EBF and DBF were negatively correlated with rainfall, that ACF and RYF were negatively correlated with temperature and rainfall, and that wind speed was positively correlated. The average annual carbon input size of the four forest communities was EBF > ACF > RYF > DBF, which may be related to environmental conditions and vegetation types, and the seasonal differences were arranged in order of spring > autumn > summer > winter. It can be seen that, considering performance under future climate change, EBF is more conducive to nutrient input and has good soil fertility maintenance ability.
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Doukalianou, Foteini, Gavriil Spyroglou, Michail Orfanoudakis, Kalliopi Radoglou, Stefanos Stefanou, Kyriaki Kitikidou, Elias Milios y Alessandra Lagomarsino. "Effects of Forest Thinning on Soil Litter Input Nutrients in Relation to Soil CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Greece". Atmosphere 13, n.º 3 (23 de febrero de 2022): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030376.
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The contribution of litterfall (dead leaves, twigs, etc., fallen to the ground) and forest floor (organic residues such as leaves, twigs, etc., in various stages of decomposition, on the top of the mineral soil) is fundamental in both forest ecosystem sustainability and soil greenhouse gases (GHG) exchange system with the atmosphere. The effect of different thinning treatments (control-no thinning, traditional-low thinning, selective-intense thinning) on litterfall and forest floor nutrients, in relation to soil GHG fluxes, is analyzed. After one year of operations, thinning had a significant seasonal effect on both litterfall and forest floor, and on their nutrient concentrations. The intense (selective) thinning significantly affected the total litterfall production and conifer fractions, reducing them by 46% and 48%, respectively, compared with the control (no thinning) sites. In the forest floor, thinning was able to significantly increase the Fe concentration intraditional thinning by 59%, and Zn concentration in the intense thinning by 55% (compared with control). Overall, litterfall acted as a bio-filter of the gasses emitting from the forest floor, acting as a GHG regulator.
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Dash, Diptimayee. "Litter decomposition and properties of soil under Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus tereticornis". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 18, n.º 1 (15 de enero de 2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/18.1/28-32.
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The quantity of litter fall on the forest floor is quite high and they have a significant contribution to the dynamics of forest ecosystem. The present investigation was undertaken for litter quantification and its decomposition as per litterfall type, canopy also characteristics of soil in sole and mixed stands of Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Dalbergia sissoo in agroforestry system. Quantification of litterfall and nutrient analysis was carried out for three trees i.e., Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus tereticornis and Dalbergia sissoo in agroforestry system. In the research area, sissoo stand has higher litterfall than mangium and Eucalyptus, being maximum litterfall occur in the month of January. The mean values for litterfall were 4000, 2200 and 1800 kg ha-1 year-1 for sissoo, mangium and eukalyptus stands, respectively. Annual decay constant was minimum for eucalyptus (k=0.161) whereas in sissoo it was (k=0.276), indicating the variability in nitrogen content among the types of litter (Sissoo, 2.25% and for Eucalyptus its 1.72%,). In conclusion it is stated that N rich litter may speed up for decomposition process.
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Ge, Xiaogai, Benzhi Zhou y Yilin Tang. "Litter Production and Nutrient Dynamic on a Moso Bamboo Plantation following an Extreme Disturbance of 2008 Ice Storm". Advances in Meteorology 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/750865.
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Ice storm is known to play a role in determining forest succession and litter dynamics constitute an important aspect of nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. However, ice storm effects on amount and pattern of litterfall are not clearly understood. We investigated litter production and litter leaf nutrient dynamic in a moso bamboo plantation in China following an extreme disturbance of ice storm in 2008. The litterfall in on-years was significantly lower than in off-years. Ice storm caused total litterfall increasing from 16.68% to 35.60% and greatly disturbed the litterfall peak rhythm especially in the on-year. The litter leaf nutrient concentrations at two latitudes significantly fluctuated after ice-snow disaster in 2008, litter leaf stoichiometric traits indicated that litter leaf chemistry showed more easily decomposition with higher C/P ratio, N/P ratio, and lower C/N ratio. It is clear from this study that litterfall restoration dynamic would result in long-term changes in litter nutrient cycling and may help predicting below ground carbon dynamic in future research as well as subtropical forest inventories following extreme disturbance.
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Apriyanto, Enggar, Fajrin Hidayat, Putranto BA Nugroho y Imanta Tarigan. "Litterfall Production and Decomposition in Three Types of Land Use in Bengkulu Protection Forest". PLANTA TROPIKA: Jurnal Agrosains (Journal of Agro Science) 9, n.º 1 (27 de febrero de 2021): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/pt.v9i1.4019.
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Most of the social forestry program plantations in Bengkulu are in the form of mixed planting of coffee or rubber trees. The type of land use affects the production and decomposition of litterfall, which play an important role in nutrient cycle. The aim of the research was to determine the production and decomposition rate of litterfall in coffee (Coffee robusta) monoculture, coffee and Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) agroforestry, and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) monoculture. The research was arranged in a systematic design with three treatments and fifteen replications. The variables measured included production, composition, and decomposition rate of litterfall. The collected data were analyzed using T-test. According to the results, the litter production in coffee monoculture, agroforestry of coffee and gliricidia, and rubber monoculture was 1051.5, 1001.5, and 662.5 Kg ha-1 4 months-1 with the decomposition rate about 5.13, 4.25, and 5.28 gr m-2 4 months-1, consecutively. The litterfall composition in the three types of land use consisted of leaf, twig, fruit, and flower. Leaf was the highest component of litterfall in coffee monoculture, agroforestry of coffee and gliricidia, and rubber monoculture, reaching 830.2 (78.99%), 646.7 (64.73%), and 391.0 (59.01%) kg ha-1, respectively. Nutrition analysis of leaf litterfall indicated that the highest content of C, N, P, and K was observed in agroforestry of coffee and gliricidia compared to other plantation types.
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Becker, J., H. Pabst, J. Mnyonga y Y. Kuzyakov. "Annual litterfall dynamics and nutrient deposition depending on elevation and land use at Mt. Kilimanjaro". Biogeosciences Discussions 12, n.º 13 (7 de julio de 2015): 10031–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-10031-2015.
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Abstract. Litterfall is one of the major pathways connecting above- and belowground processes. The effects of climate and land-use change on carbon (C) and nutrient inputs by litterfall are poorly known. We quantified and analyzed annual patterns of C and nutrient deposition via litterfall in natural forests and agroforestry systems along the unique elevation gradient of Mt. Kilimanjaro. Tree litter in three natural (lower montane, Ocotea and Podocarpus forests), two sustainably used (homegardens) and one intensively managed (shaded coffee plantation) was collected on a biweekly basis from May 2012 to July 2013. Leaves, branches and remaining residues were separated and analyzed for C and nutrient contents. The annual pattern of litterfall was closely related to rainfall seasonality, exhibiting a large peak towards the end of the dry season (August–October). This peak decreased at higher elevations with decreasing rainfall seasonality. Macronutrients (N, P, K) in leaf litter increased at mid elevation (2100 m a.s.l.) and with land-use intensity. Carbon content and micronutrients (Al, Fe, Mn, Na) however, were unaffected or decreased with land-use intensity. On the southern slope of Mt. Kilimanjaro, the annual pattern of litterfall depends on seasonal climatic conditions. While leaf litterfall decreased with elevation, total annual input was independent of climate. Compared to natural forests, the nutrient cycles in agroforestry ecosystems were accelerated by fertilization and the associated changes in dominant tree species.
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Park, Byung Bae, Afroja Rahman, Si Ho Han, Woo Bin Youn, Hwa Ja Hyun, Jonathan Hernandez y Ji Young An. "Carbon and Nutrient Inputs by Litterfall in Evergreen and Deciduous Forests in Korea". Forests 11, n.º 2 (26 de enero de 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020143.
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Knowledge about carbon and nutrient fluxes by litterfall is important for understanding nutrient cycling in geologically unique ecosystems. However, the determination of forest litterfall production patterns is difficult due to many biophysical factors influencing the process. In this study, we (1) quantified the litterfall production and carbon and nutrient fluxes in warm-temperate evergreen forest stands in Jeju Gotjawal and (2) compared these values to those of a typical cool-temperate deciduous forest stand by forest types and climate differences. Litterfall from evergreen broadleaved forests at Cheongsu (CS) and Seonheul (SHb), a mixed forest at Seonheul (SHm) in Jeju Gotjawal, and a deciduous broadleaved forest at Chungnam National University Forest (CNU) was collected for a full two years using litter traps. Samples were sorted into leaves, twigs, barks, seeds, and unidentified materials, and then weighed and measured for C, N, P, K, Ca, and Mg fluxes by litterfall. Results showed that the mean annual litterfall (846.3 g m−2, average of CS, SHb, and SHm) at Jeju Gotjawal was similar to that of CNU (885.5 g m−2), but varied by site in Jeju Gotjawal: CS (933.1 g m−2) was significantly higher than the average of SHb and SHm (802.9 g m−2). Seasonal patterns of litterfall production differed by forest types; evergreen broadleaved forests showed a bimodal peak in fall and spring while deciduous broadleaved forests showed a unimodal peak in fall. Jeju Gotjawal had significantly higher total macronutrient concentrations and contents (except for K) than CNU and they also varied by site in Jeju Gotjawal: CS had higher N, P, Ca, and Mg contents than SHb and SHm. We conclude that litterfall production and nutrient fluxes differed by forest stand as influenced by forest types and climate. Further, our findings are important for understanding carbon and nutrient dynamics in the geologically unique ecosystem of Jeju Gotjawal and other areas with similar characteristics.
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Espinosa, Juncal, Óscar Rodríguez De Rivera, Javier Madrigal, Mercedes Guijarro y Carmen Hernando. "Use of Bayesian Modeling to Determine the Effects of Meteorological Conditions, Prescribed Burn Season, and Tree Characteristics on Litterfall of Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster Stands". Forests 11, n.º 9 (18 de septiembre de 2020): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11091006.
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Research Highlights: Litterfall biomass after prescribed burning (PB) is significantly influenced by meteorological variables, stand characteristics, and the fire prescription. Some of the fire-adaptive traits of the species under study (Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster) mitigate the effects of PB on litterfall biomass. The Bayesian approach, tested here for the first time, was shown to be useful for analyzing the complex combination of variables influencing the effect of PB on litterfall. Background and Objectives: The aims of the study focused on explaining the influence of meteorological conditions after PB on litterfall biomass, to explore the potential influence of stand characteristic and tree traits that influence fire protection, and to assess the influence of fire prescription and fire behavior. Materials and Methods: An experimental factorial design including three treatments (control, spring, and autumn burning), each with three replicates, was established at two experimental sites (N = 18; 50 × 50 m2 plots). The methodology of the International Co-operative Program on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests (ICP forests) was applied and a Bayesian approach was used to construct a generalized linear mixed model. Results: Litterfall was mainly affected by the meteorological variables and also by the type of stand and the treatment. The effects of minimum bark thickness and the height of the first live branch were random. The maximum scorch height was not high enough to affect the litterfall. Time during which the temperature exceeded 60 °C (cambium and bark) did not have an important effect. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that meteorological conditions were the most significant variables affecting litterfall biomass, with snowy and stormy days having important effects. Significant effects of stand characteristics (mixed and pure stand) and fire prescription regime (spring and autumn PB) were shown. The trees were completely protected by a combination of low-intensity PB and fire-adaptive tree traits, which prevent direct and indirect effects on litterfall. Identification of important variables can help to improve PB and reduce the vulnerability of stands managed by this method.
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Costa, Poliana Ferreira da, Zefa Valdivina Pereira, Shaline Séfara Lopes Fernandes, Caroline Quinhones Fróes, Thiago Oliveira Barbosa y Bruna Souza dos Santos. "Produção e acúmulo de serapilheira em áreas de restauração florestal no Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil". Revista Ecologia e Nutrição Florestal - ENFLO 8 (28 de mayo de 2020): 04. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2316980x39748.
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This study aimed to evaluate the potential of litter and litterfall as ecological indicators in three sites in restoration process located in Ivinhema, Jateí and Caarapó – Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, after 12, 13 and 16 years of implantation, respectively. The objective was also to obtain Pearson's simple linear correlation) between monthly litterfall with environmental variables of rainfall and air temperature. To litterfall sampling, 15 litter traps were used (0.80 m x 0.80 m) and, for litter sampling, six collections were carried out in each restoration site, in December 2016, using a frame (0.64 m2). The samples were separated into three components: leaves, twigs, reproductive material (flowers and fruits). The high litter amount, in the three sites evaluated (Ivinhema 9.4 Mg ha-1; Jatéi 5.5 Mg ha-1; and Caarapó 7.1 Mg ha-1), demonstrates the importance of litterfall and litter as an indicator for the stages initial succession in restored forests. There were weak correlations between litter and environmental variables, being negative for air temperature and positive for rainfall.This study aimed to evaluate the potential of litter and litterfall as ecological indicators in three sites in restoration process located in Ivinhema, Jateí and Caarapó – Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil, after 12, 13 and 16 years of implantation, respectively. The objective was also to obtain Pearson's simple linear correlation) between monthly litterfall with environmental variables of rainfall and air temperature. To litterfall sampling, 15 litter traps were used (0.80 m x 0.80 m) and, for litter sampling, six collections were carried out in each restoration site, in December 2016, using a frame (0.64 m2). The samples were separated into three components: leaves, twigs, reproductive material (flowers and fruits). The high litter amount, in the three sites evaluated (Ivinhema 9.4 Mg ha-1; Jatéi 5.5 Mg ha-1; and Caarapó 7.1 Mg ha-1), demonstrates the importance of litterfall and litter as an indicator for the stages initial succession in restored forests. There were weak correlations between litter and environmental variables, being negative for air temperature and positive for rainfall.
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Kim, Choonsig, Seongjun Kim, Gyeongwon Baek y A.-Ram Yang. "Carbon and Nitrogen Responses in Litterfall and Litter Decomposition in Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) Stands Disturbed by Pine Wilt Disease". Forests 10, n.º 3 (9 de marzo de 2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10030244.
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Research Highlight: Forest disturbance by insects or disease can have a significant influence on nutrient return by litterfall and decomposition, but information regarding disturbance gradients is scarce. This study demonstrated that the disturbance intensity caused by pine wilt disease greatly altered the quality and quantity of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in litterfall components and decomposition processes. Background and Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the C and N status of litterfall and litter decomposition processes in a natural red pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) stand disturbed by pine wilt disease in southern Korea. Nine red pine plots with varying degrees of disturbance caused by pine wilt disease were established based on differences in the stand basal area. Litterfall and the decomposition of needle litter and branches under different degrees of disturbance were measured for three years. Results: There was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between disturbance intensity and the C and N concentration of litterfall components depending on the time of sampling. The annual C and N inputs through litterfall components decreased linearly with decreasing disturbance intensities. The decomposition rates of branches were higher in slightly disturbed plots compared with severely disturbed plots for the late stage of branch decomposition, whereas the decomposition rates of needle litter were not affected by the disturbance intensity of pine wilt disease. Carbon and N concentrations from needle litter and branches were not linearly related to the intensities of disturbance, except for the initial stage (one year) of needle litter decomposition. Conclusions: The results indicated that the incidence of pine wilt disease was a major cause of C and N loss through litterfall and decomposition processes in pine wilt disease disturbed stands, but the magnitude of loss depended on the severity of the disease disturbance.
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Costa, Alan N., Jeane R. Souza, Karyne M. Alves, Anderson Penna-Oliveira, Geisciele Paula-Silva, Ingrid S. Becker, Kelly Marinho-Vieira, Ana L. Bonfim, Alessandra Bartimachi y Ernane H. M. Vieira-Neto. "Linking the spatiotemporal variation of litterfall to standing vegetation biomass in Brazilian savannas". Journal of Plant Ecology 13, n.º 5 (16 de julio de 2020): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtaa039.
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Abstract Aims Litterfall at a global scale is affected by climate, edaphic features and vegetation structure, with litter production increasing from grasslands to forests following the rise in standing biomass. However, at landscape scales, the same relationship between litter production and vegetation structure has rarely been studied and comparisons of litterfall patterns between adjacent, structurally distinct communities are lacking. Here, we use a standardized methodology to describe the structural differences among four savanna physiognomies and analyze their relationship with changes in litterfall across the Cerrado. Methods We evaluated the woody vegetation structure and composition in 48 sites, equally distributed across four physiognomies and monitored the monthly litter production from April 2014 to March 2015. Important Findings Results showed that the density, basal area, cylindrical volume and aboveground biomass of woody vegetation differ among physiognomies, increasing consistently from cerrado ralo, cerrado típico, cerrado denso and cerradão. Indeed, we found a strong and positive relationship between aboveground biomass and annual litter production, with litter yield increasing from 0.9 to 8.4 Mg ha−1 across different physiognomies, following the increment in vegetation structure. Monthly production was seasonal and similar among vegetation types, increasing during the dry season. Leaves comprised the dominant fraction (approx. 85%) and litterfall seasonality primarily resulted from the concentration of leaf shedding during dry months. However, the temporal pattern of litterfall throughout the year showed a gradual reduction in the seasonality from open to closed vegetation types, likely following the decrease of deciduous species abundance in the plant community. Our results showed that changes in vegetation structure may affect spatial and temporal litterfall patterns in different physiognomies, which co-occur across the Cerrado landscape, with potential implications for the overall functioning of this ecosystem. Moreover, these findings highlight the use of standardized methods as essential to correctly compare litterfall patterns among different environments.
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HERBOHN, JOHN L. y ROBERT A. CONGDON. "Ecosystem dynamics at disturbed and undisturbed sites in North Queensland wet tropical rain forest. III. Nutrient returns to the forest floor through litterfall". Journal of Tropical Ecology 14, n.º 2 (marzo de 1998): 217–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467498000170.
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The nutrient contents and accessions in litterfall over a period of 3 y are reported for undisturbed areas and at two sites disturbed by selective harvesting in tropical rain forest in North Queensland, Australia. Mean concentrations (mg g&supminus1; dry weight) of nutrients in litterfall ranged from 10 to 12 for nitrogen; 0.33 to 0.43 for phosphorus; 3.6 to 4.3 for potassium; 6.0 to 10.5 for calcium; and 1.7 to 2.6 for magnesium. These concentrations are in the middle to lower part of the spectrum of values recorded for tropical forests. Accessions of nutrients in litterfall (kg ha&supminus1; y&supminus1;) ranged from 59 to 64 N; 1.9 to 2.4 P; 20 to 24 K; 34 to 63 Ca; and 9 to 16 Mg. These rates, particularly for N and P, are among the lowest recorded for tropical forests. There were no consistent between-site differences in total nutrient accessions in small litterfall. In terms of the contribution of litterfall to the accessions of nutrients to the forest floor, this suggests that the logged sites have recovered from the effects of selective harvesting within 25 y. Nutrient accessions at each site were distinctly seasonal, with maximum accessions occurring in the late dry season to late in the wet season. Leaf-fall accounted for the largest proportion of nutrient accessions over the study period, although at certain times accessions in both reproductive material and wood were significant. A cyclone which crossed the coast near the study sites resulted in large nutrient accessions over a short period but had little effect on the total annual accession. A comparison with previous studies of litterfall in Australian tropical rainforests indicates that nutrient return in litterfall is directly related to soil fertility.