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ARZUMANYAN, ARMENUHI. "INTERDISCIPLINARY LINKS, LITERATURE AND HISTORY". Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 12, n.º 3 (12 de diciembre de 2016): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v12i3.81.
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Professional grounding of the teacher, his attainments of modern methods of education and his skills of their usage promotes the index of student`s training as well as helps the student in formation of good outlook and getting positive qualities.Different manners and methods of education give the teacher possibility to fix up his goals. That is why the teacher must be wellinformed of the new methods of education and must put them into practice perfectly.There are interesting links between object-lessons among different methods of education. One of the varieties of interdisciplinary links is literature and history. This way of education contributes to deep study of historical issues, helps to make lesson interesting effective.
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Randall, William L. y A. Elizabeth McKim. "Toward a poetics of aging: The links between literature and life". Narrative Inquiry 14, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2004): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.14.2.02ran.
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Inquiries concerning the nature of ‘biographical aging’ within the emerging field of ‘narrative gerontology’ have pointed to the need for a detailed consideration of the parallels between lived texts and literary ones. This article draws on a number of such parallels in order to outline what might be called apoeticsof aging. The central proposal is organized around 3 key concepts: narrative imagination, narrative identity, and narrative environment. The article concludes by speculating on some of the applications of the proposal in relation to growing old, as opposed to merely getting old. (Aging, Narrative, Gerontology, Poetics, Imagination)
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Grauzľová, Lucia. "Canadian literature as an American literature : CanLit through the lens of hemispheric American literary studies". Brno studies in English, n.º 1 (2022): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/bse2022-1-8.
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This paper addresses the noticeably low presence of Canadian literature in hemispheric American literary research. The fact that hemispheric literary studies focuses on a comparison of the United States and Spanish America is partly because of Canada's marginal position in the Americas, its lack of identification with the continent, and Canadian scholars' reluctance to engage in hemispheric studies due to their insecurity concerning cultural identity and the discipline's potential imperialistic impulses. By examining a representative history of Canadian literature and several literary studies for intersections and tangencies between Canadian literature and other literatures of the Americas, this paper will demonstrate that there are natural links between them, which make a transnational comparative approach to Canadian literature both legitimate and desirable.
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Ross, Danielle. "The Promiscuous Life of a Genre for the Dead: The Marthiya as an Instrument of Community Construction in Muslim Russia". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 64, n.º 4 (4 de junio de 2021): 343–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341539.
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Abstract This article explores how the Islamic elegiac genre of marthiya can shed new light on the social and cultural history of the Muslims of Russia’s Volga-Ural region in the late imperial period (1870s-1917). The marthiyas enjoyed great popularity across geographical, ethnic, and factional lines as a medium for asserting and affirming social bonds and expressing collective identities. Volga-Ural marthiyas reveal the links between Sufism and Tatar national history-writing, demonstrate the interrelation between Sufi literature and Muslim revolutionary culture, and point to historical figures and groups that were left out of the evolving Tatar national historiography.
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Marićević-Balać, Jelena. "Interdialect links between the tale that killed Emilia Knorr by Milorad Pavić and the poem Međimurska by Nikola Pavić". Kultura, n.º 177 (2022): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura2277071m.
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In his book Comparative History of Slavic Literatures, Dmytro Chyzhevsky saw macaronic poetry and also dialectal poetry, language of the Roma, children and different jargons as specific aspects of Baroque defamiliarization. Milorad Pavić, a known researcher of the Serbian Baroque, knew Baroque in its broadest sense, hence this aspect was not foreign to him. References to the book of Chyzhevsky made in the book History of Serbian Literature of the Baroque Era, testify to this. The manner in which Pavić as the writer used the potential of the dialectical poetry, reflects in the story titled The Tale That Killed Emilia Knorr. It ends with verses in kajkavski dialect, from the song Međimurska written by poet Nikola Pavić from Zagreb. This paper has been designed as an attempt to identify the functions of the verses in the context of Pavić's story. In other words, the paper is an attempt to answer the question about what meaningful horizons the verses have opened in the context of history, history of language, history of literature and culture. In The Tale That Killed Emilia Knorr, the quoted verses from the Međimurska song, which also conveys some spirit of our civic poetry or the spirit of Pannonia, suggest a love triangle - between two guys in kolo and Cecilia. Except the love triangle, Cecilia and her two suitors may also represent the literary mirroring of Nikola and Milorad Pavić, as well as the solidification (Cecilia) of their mirroring subject, or conflict subject if we accept the interpretation of the conflict (named as Emilia). The process of quoting verses in the body of a novel or a tale, have opened the interpretation of Pavić's deadly landscape as a double scenery (real and metaphysical). This has set the overtone of the ballad atmosphere to The Tale That Killed Emilia Knorr.
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Ferentzy, Peter y Nigel Turner. "Gambling and organized crime - A review of the literature". Journal of Gambling Issues, n.º 23 (1 de junio de 2009): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2009.23.6.
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This paper was written to review the literature on the historical relationship between gambling and organized crime (OC) in the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries; examine the current state of affairs; point out gaps in the knowledge; and above all draw attention to this understudied topic. The paper begins with an examination of the different sources of information examined, including law enforcement reports, participant observation studies, psychological and economic studies of the links between gambling and crime, historical studies of gambling and crime, and a number of commission reports. The paper then provides an overview of OC and definitions of OC and gambling. This is followed by a discussion of the history of OC and its historic links to gambling. The paper ends with a discussion of the contemporary setting and directions for future research. Our literature review was written in part to facilitate further research and thereby help rectify a shortcoming in overall efforts to understand and document gambling-related issues.
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Hejmej, Andrzej. "Komparatystyka i (inna) Historia Literatury / Comparative Literature Studies and (an Alternative ) History of Literature". Ruch Literacki 53, n.º 4-5 (1 de julio de 2012): 401–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10273-012-0026-y.
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Summary This article examines the relationship between comparative studies and history of literature. While paying special attention to the present-day condition of these two disciplines, the author surveys various approaches, formulated since the early 19th century, which sought to break with the traditional, national model of the history of literature and the ethnocentric model of traditional comparative studies, driven by an impatience with both nationalism and crypto-nationalism. In this context he focuses on the most recent projects of literary history like ‘comparative history of literature’, ‘international history of literature’, ‘transcultural history of literature’, or ‘world literature’ - all of which are oriented towards the international dimension of literary history. The article explores the possible reasons for the late 20th and early 21st- century revival of Goethe’s idea of Weltliteratur (in the critical thought of Pascal Casanova, David Damrosch, and Franco Moretti) and the recent vogue for ‘alternative’ histories of literature produced under the auspices of comparative cultural studies. At the same time it voices some skepticism about the radical reinvention of comparative studies (along the lines of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s Death of a Discipline).
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Dobroruka, Vicente. "Hesiodic reminiscences in Zoroastrian–Hellenistic apocalypses". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 75, n.º 2 (15 de mayo de 2012): 275–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x12000043.
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AbstractThis article fits into the general picture of investigations on meta-historical thinking in Antiquity, as well as possible links between Persian apocalyptic literature and early Christian literature. The paper also explores the long-standing debate on the influence of Zoroastrian thought on Jewish–Christian apocalyptic – or whether it was rather the other way round.
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Rüger, Jan. "OXO: Or, the Challenges of Transnational History". European History Quarterly 40, n.º 4 (9 de septiembre de 2010): 656–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691410376488.
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This article discusses the benefits and challenges of transnational approaches for modern European history. It reconstructs the origins of a particular Anglo-German entanglement: the meat essence OXO, originally a German invention made in South America by a London-based company. And it links this example to the questions prompted by the rise of transnational history. Surveying the recent literature, the article argues that the parallel histories of nation states and the transnational interest in the space between and beyond them need not be mutually exclusive. The microhistory of OXO thus illustrates the weaknesses as much as the strengths of ‘transnationalism’.
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Köpke, Sören. "Interrogating the Links between Climate Change, Food Crises and Social Stability". Earth 3, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2022): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth3020034.
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There is a vivid scientific debate on how climate change affects stability, resilience, and conflict dynamics of human societies. Environmental security and collapse theory are theoretical approaches that claim severe negative impacts of climatic disasters on political stability, allegedly through the vector of food insecurity. Yet there is a disconnect between this work and the rich body of knowledge on food insecurity and society. The literature is fairly unanimous that (a) drought does not necessarily lead to famines, since (b) famines have a political context that is often more important than other factors; in addition, (c) famines and the distribution of suffering reflect social hierarchies within afflicted societies, and (d) even large-scale famines do not necessarily cause collapse of a polity’s functioning, as (e) food systems are highly interconnected and complex. As an illustrative case, the paper offers a longitudinal study of Malawi. By combining environmental history and analysis of Malawi’s idiosyncratic (post-)colonial politics, it discusses the possible connections between droughts, food insecurity, and political crises in the African country. The single-case study represents a puzzle for adherents of the “collapse” theory but highlights the complex political ecology of food crises in vulnerable societies. This has implications for a formulation of climate justice claims beyond catastrophism.
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Murphy, Sean, Dawn Archer y Jane Demmen. "Mapping the links between gender, status and genre in Shakespeare’s plays". Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 29, n.º 3 (agosto de 2020): 223–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947020949438.
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The Arts and Humanities Research Council-funded Encyclopedia of Shakespeare’s Language project has produced a resource allowing users to explore Shakespeare’s plays in a variety of (semi-automatic) ways, via a web-based corpus query processor interface hosted by Lancaster University. It enables users, for example, to interrogate a corpus of Shakespeare’s plays using queries restricted by dramatic genre, gender and/or social status of characters, and to target and explore the language of the plays not only at the word level but also at the grammatical and semantic levels (by querying part of speech or semantic categories). Using keyword techniques, we examine how female and male language varies in general, by social status (high or low) and by genre (comedy, history and tragedy). Among our findings, we note differences in the use of pronouns and references to male authority (female overuse of ‘I’ and ‘husband’ and male overuse of ‘we’ and ‘king’). We also observe that high-status males in comedies (as opposed to histories and tragedies) are characterised by polite requests (‘please you’) and sharp-minded ‘wit’. Despite many similarities between female and male usage of gendered forms of language (‘woman’), male characters alone use terms such as ‘womanish’ in a disparaging way.
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Ostle, R. C. "The city in modern Arabic literature". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 49, n.º 1 (febrero de 1986): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00042610.
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A superficial consideration of the history of Arabic literature impresses one by the remarkable longevity of literary forms: a qaṣīda written by the pre-Islamic poet Imru'l-Qays and many of those written by Aḥmad Shawqī who died in 1932 are eminently recognizable members of the same species. The system of prosody as codified by Khalīl b. Ahmad (d. A.D. 791) was still very much in force, and the thematic divisions into nasīb, wasf, and madīḥ or hijā' still had much in common. Similarly the maqāma form with its or ornate rhyming prose and limited range of stock characters was still being produced in Arabic at the turn of this century, and the links with the works of al-Hamadhānī (d. A.D. 1008) and al-Harīrī (d. A.D. 1122) are plain to behold and to hear. As with much world literature which is the product of ‘conservative’ or ‘traditional’ societies (for want of better terms), style is all. In thematic terms there is an implicit contract of understanding between the writer and the small, rarefied, élitist public. They know what to expect and the writer or performer delivers. The language, both in its form and its content, is a vehicle through which the relationships between writer or performer, and public or audience, are expressed.
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D'HULST, LIEVEN. "Comparative Literature versus Translation Studies: Close Encounters of the Third Kind?" European Review 15, n.º 1 (9 de enero de 2007): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798707000099.
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Translation has probably become the dominant means of communication between European literatures and, in consequence, may be considered a privileged object of study for Comparative Literature. Yet the complex nature of translation has hardly been recognized as an interlingual as well as an intralingual and intersemiotic operation. Translation between literatures covers two possible directions and should be labelled accordingly as either ‘intranslation’ or ‘extranslation’. In order to understand the complex roles all these translation forms have played during the history of European literatures and of European interliterary contacts, an explanatory model is needed that links the study of literatures and of interliterary relations: according to systems theory, literatures are to be understood as complex networks of relations that regulate both their internal structure and relations with other systems. Examples of translation figures and of translation flows help to show how translations contribute to the establishment of macro-European literary networks.
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Quataert, Jean H. "The Politics of Rural Industrialization: Class, Gender, and Collective Protest in the Saxon Oberlausitz of the Late Nineteenth Century". Central European History 20, n.º 2 (junio de 1987): 91–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938900012565.
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History preserves numerous images of workers' protests. Both contemporaries and later historians, inspired by fear or enthusiasm, have scoured the records of the past for examples of popular rebellion, workplace militancy, or class mobilization. Indeed, a large literature exists that seeks to explain collective behavior by puzzling out the links between class formation and collective protest as well as the relationships between the individual's “objective” class situation and thought and action. But this literature—like the subjects of its inquiry itself—is in transition. It was once assumed that protest had its own iron logic and that “radical” consciousness was the necessary end product of the changing labor process under industrial capitalism; all other behavior was easily dismissed as “false” consciousness.
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Gbadegesin, Job, Michael Pienaar y Lochner Marais. "Housing, planning and urban health: Historical and current perspectives from South Africa". Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 48, n.º 48 (23 de junio de 2020): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2020-0011.
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AbstractGlobally, policymakers often describe informal settlements and slums in terms of health problems. In this paper we trace the way housing and planning have been linked to health concerns in the history of South Africa and we assess post-apartheid literature on the topic. We note that researchers continue to rely on a biomedical understanding of the relationship between housing, planning and health although, we argue, the links between them are tenuous. We propose the capabilities approach as a way to understand this relationship. Reframing the relationship between housing, planning and health within the capabilities approach may improve the current understanding of this link.AimThis paper discusses the historical links between housing, planning and health in South Africa, assesses post-apartheid policy, and reviews post-apartheid literature on the relationship between housing, planning and health.Results and conclusionsWe find it is assumed that the link between housing, planning and health is a biomedical concern and not a social concern. We argue that scholars thinking about this relationship should consider the opportunities embedded in the capabilities approach to understand health outside the biomedical frame.
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Chatterjee, Arup K. "Performing Calibanesque Baptisms: Shakespearean Fractals of British Indian History". Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance 23, n.º 38 (30 de junio de 2021): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2083-8530.23.04.
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This paper uncovers new complexity for Shakespearean studies in examining three anecdotes overlooked in related historiography—the first Indian baptism in Britain, that of Peter Pope, in 1616, and its extrapolation in Victorian history as Calibanesque; the tale of Catherine Bengall, an Indian servant baptised in 1745 in London and left to bear an illegitimate child, before vanishing from Company records (like Virginia Woolf’s invention Judith Shakespeare vanishing in Shakespeare’s London); and the forgotten John Talbot Shakespear, a Company official in early nineteenth-century Bengal and descendant of William Shakespeare. I argue that the anecdotal links between Peter, Caliban, Catherine, Judith, Shakespear and Shakespeare should be seen as Jungian effects of non-causal “synchronic” reality or on lines of Benoit Mandelbrot’s conception of fractals (rough and self-regulating geometries of natural microforms). Although anecdotes and historemes get incorporated into historical establishmentarianism, seeing history in a framework of fractals fundamentally resists such appropriations. This poses new challenges for Shakespearean historiography, while underscoring distinctions between Shakespeareanism (sociological epiphenomena) and Shakespeare (the man himself).
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Figueiredo, Maria do Carmo Lanna. "O Brasil colonial na literatura contemporânea". Revista do Centro de Estudos Portugueses 22, n.º 30 (30 de junio de 2002): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2359-0076.22.30.283-294.
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<p>Leitura do romance <em>A rainha dos cárceres do Grécia </em>(1976), de Osman Lins, com o objetivo de acompanhar o tratamento que o livro confere a episódios da época colonial, especialmente o da invasão holandesa, interpenetrando-o ao momento ditatorial da década de 70, e de analisar os procedimentos textuais que promovem a ligação entre a história e a literatura, o presente e o passado.</p> <p>Literarv works as Osman Lins’ s <em>A rainha dos cárceres da Grécia </em>(1976) frame an image of the Dutch presence in Brazil. This paper intends to mark out how literature shows the intertextual relations between the colonial period and the dictatorial decade of the seventies; and how literary strategies figure the links between literature and history, present and past.</p>
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Peachman, J. "Links between Mucedorus and The Tragical History, Admirable Atchievments and Various Events of Guy Earl of Warwick". Notes and Queries 53, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2006): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/notesj/gjl158.
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Santana-Cordero, Aarón Moisés y Péter Szabó. "Exploring Qualitative Methods of Historical Ecology and Their Links With Qualitative Research". International Journal of Qualitative Methods 18 (1 de enero de 2019): 160940691987211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406919872112.
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A review of the historical ecology literature led us to the realization that there was an important gap in terms of recognized methodological procedures and techniques. Contributions along these lines are sparse. However, some publications (book chapters and papers), some of them case studies, contain methodological material of great interest. Therefore, all these materials needed to be gathered together and put in a historical ecology methodological context. With this in mind, this article focuses on the methods employed to date in historical ecology when working with qualitative and graphic materials. In addition, it incorporates an exploration of the links between these methods and those used in general in qualitative research. Historical ecology requires source criticism methods (a source critical approach which offers guidelines for both source and source reliability assessment) and time line–based methods for landscape change. Some of the techniques used in historical ecology, but not originate from it, are presented (historical maps, photointerpretation, repeat photography, and oral history). The methodological links between historical ecology and qualitative research are then explored, and, finally, a method for text analysis (thematic networks) is presented.
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Trento, Giovanna. "From Marinetti to Pasolini: Massawa, the Red Sea, and the Construction of "Mediterranean Africa" in Italian Literature and Cinema". Northeast African Studies 12, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2012): 273–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41960565.
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Abstract Postwar Italian historiography tended for decades to exclude colonialism from national history, and the country largely forgot its colonial past. The interconnections between the academic schools and anthropological scholarly theories that focused on the Horn of Africa during Italian colonialism and twentieth century Italian literary and cinematic representations of the Horn and the Red Sea have been understudied and underestimated. This article will argue that during Italian colonialism, Italy and the Horn of Africa were interconnected through the Mediterranean and Red Sea by scholarly, literary, cultural religious, and imaginary links that contributed to the construction of a "Mediterranean Africa," based on genetic continuities and the legacies with Latin antiquity and ancient Roman values. Such baggage affected or was affected by the building of Italian-ness after the country’s unification, Italy’s self-representation, the country’s Southern question, and its articulation of "modernity." As this article will show, the construction of "Mediterranean Africa" influenced the Italian literary and cinematic representations of Northeast Africa, throughout the 20th century; from the founder of Futurism—the Egypt born writer Filippo Tommaso Marinetti—in the first four decades of the century, to the leftist writer and filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini, in the 1960s and 1970s. The problematic transnational links constructed between Italy, the Horn of Africa, and the Red Sea would also surface in the works of the most prominent film directors during Fascism, Alessandro Blasetti and Mario Camerini, and other important writers, like Giovanni Comisso, Ennio Flaiano and Giorgio Manganelli.
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Nazara, Desman Serius, Stellamaris Metekohy, Muhamad Irpan Nurhab, Aprilya Dwi Yandari y Roy Setiawan. "The Role of Company Size as a Moderating Variable in the Relationship Between Tax Avoidance, Political Connections and Corporate Governance". Journal of Economic, Bussines and Accounting (COSTING) 6, n.º 2 (11 de mayo de 2023): 2228–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/costing.v6i2.6104.
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With business size acting as a moderating variable, the goal of this study is to gather empirical data regarding the impact of political and corporate links on tax evasion. The manufacturing firms in the consumer products sector that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2017 and 2021 were the subject of this study. Purposive sampling is used to determine the sample. A total of 100 data samples from 20 firms over a 5-year period made up the study's sample size. the approach of data analysis that makes use of moderated regression analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. The findings demonstrate that institutional ownership and political ties have an impact on tax evasion, but independent commissioners and the audit committee have no impact. According to the results of the moderation test, business size can influence institutional ownership and independent commissioners but not audit committees or political links in terms of tax evasion.
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Zemanek, Adina. "National History and Generational Memory". positions: asia critique 28, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2020): 389–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10679847-8112489.
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This article explores a recent stage of the national project in Taiwan as reflected in comic books. It compares historical comics and graphic memoirs as lieux de mémoire (according to Pierre Nora) and as stories that define Taiwan, situated between the historical apparatus and cultural memory (in Marita Sturken’s terms). It argues that the memoirs’ higher potential appeal is based on their relevance to contemporary concerns, on building links between the wu nianji 五年級 (fifth-grader) generation and present-day youth, and on depicting history as recoverable through elements of everyday life. The article also highlights borrowings from existing discourses of national history in the analyzed memoirs and their new contributions thereto: a focus on the postwar period; a strong generational consciousness; an idea of historical continuity as embodied in present everyday life; a nonantagonistic approach to national history that transcends ethnic and political divides and positions Taiwan in the midst of global flows; and a nonelite view of Taiwan’s most recent history grounded in popular culture.
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Buckland, Adelene. "“THE POETRY OF SCIENCE”: CHARLES DICKENS, GEOLOGY, AND VISUAL AND MATERIAL CULTURE IN VICTORIAN LONDON". Victorian Literature and Culture 35, n.º 2 (29 de junio de 2007): 679–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150307051716.
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DESPITE THE WELL-ESTABLISHED CONNECTIONSbetween Dickens's novels and Victorian popular entertainment, and between Victorian show business and the display and dissemination of science, critics have not yet explored the possible links between scientific shows and Dickens's fiction. Work on Dickens and science has proliferated since George Levine's work inDarwin and the Novelists, but its central problem has been the fact that, as Francis O’Gorman described it, Dickens's scientific reading was “nugatory” (252). The most well-represented branch of science on his bookshelves was natural history; in even this, Dickens displayed only the “intelligent interest that would be expected of a man of the world” (Hill 203). Levine's influential “one culture” model surmounted the problem by pointing out the similar structural patterns implicit in the worlds described by Dickens and Darwin, but in an attempt to develop more direct links between Dickens's work and evolutionary science, almost all subsequent studies have focused on Dickens's 1860s novels, written after the publication of theOrigin of Species(1859) (Morris 179–93; Fulweiler 50–74; Morgentaler 707–21). There has not been a study that explores Dickens's acquaintance with natural history at different points in his career, or through the visual and material cultures with which he was so familiar.
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P. B. Rodrigues, Isabel y Kathleen Sheldon. "Cape Verdean and Mozambican Women's Literature: Liberating the National and Seizing the Intimate". African Studies Review 53, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2010): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600005680.
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Abstract:In Mozambique and Cape Verde, writing in Portuguese by African women has directly engaged political reconstruction by denouncing colonial oppression and embracing national freedom. This article addresses the recent history of Lusophone African women's fiction, which has been pivotal in inscribing the intimate arena of sexuality and motherhood into power relations and has also revealed ways in which the domain of violence intersects with private lives. By focusing on two novels that exemplify this trend, this article demonstrates links between the political and the intimate. It also shows how Lusophone African authors contribute to healing social conflict through their narratives, and draws some conclusions about gender relations in the Lusophone African experience and across the continent.
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Balina, Marina. "Writing between the lines, reading between the lines: The transformation of the European tradition in Soviet literature of travel". European Legacy 1, n.º 4 (julio de 1996): 1641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848779608579624.
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WALSHAM, ALEXANDRA. "THE REFORMATION AND ‘THE DISENCHANTMENT OF THE WORLD’ REASSESSED". Historical Journal 51, n.º 2 (junio de 2008): 497–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08006808.
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ABSTRACTThis essay is a critical historiographical overview of the ongoing debate about the role of the Protestant Reformation in the process of ‘the disenchantment of the world’. It considers the development of this thesis in the work of Max Weber and subsequent scholars, its links with wider claims about the origins of modernity, and the challenges to this influential paradigm that have emerged in the last twenty-five years. Setting the literature on England within its wider European context, it explores the links between Protestantism and the transformation of assumptions about the sacred and the supernatural, and places renewed emphasis on the equivocal and ambiguous legacy left by the upheavals of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Attention is also paid to the ways in which the Reformation converged with other intellectual, cultural, political, and social developments which cumulatively brought about subtle, but decisive, transformations in individual and collective mentalities. It is suggested that thinking in terms of cycles of desacralization and resacralization may help to counteract the potential distortions of a narrative that emphasizes a linear path of development.
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Núñez, Xosé-Manoel. "Nations and Territorial Identities in Europe: Transnational Reflections". European History Quarterly 40, n.º 4 (9 de septiembre de 2010): 669–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691410375163.
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This essay aims to explore the question of the difference between ‘Eastern’ and ‘Western’ European nationalism in historical terms, and to inquire whether it makes sense to refer to a dichotomy between ethnic and civic nationalism intrinsically related to that divide, ascribing them to certain areas of Europe according to historians’ own ‘mental maps’. Taking into account the existing links between nationalism, national history and the emergence of history as an academic discipline, an exploration of the ‘territorial entanglements’ still evident in a large part of the scholarly literature will attempt to highlight the key issue as to whether it is possible to identify a ‘European way’ of studying nationalism and territorial identities, or whether it is more convenient to proceed to a ‘reprovincialization’ of European nationalism(s).
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Eskin, Catherine R. "‘Books are not absolutely dead things’: English Literature, Material Culture and Mapping Text". International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 12, n.º 1 (marzo de 2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2018.0205.
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John Milton's 1644 declaration that ‘Books are not absolutely dead things’ makes him a rock star among undergraduate English majors who are covetous of the material, reassuringly physical book. This essay explores that metonymic dichotomy through a project that combined the ‘old’ technology of the hand-press book and the ‘new’ technology of GIS story-telling. Using a visiting special collection of rare books for students at a small college, the project approached hand-press era books in three phases: 1) a bibliographic description and transcription; 2) book forensics, and 3) a ‘deep map’ of a book. With mapping—understood as an expression of spatial thinking—as a guide, students recognized that the singular text, even the dialogic text, is far less remarkable than locating and articulating the links between history, place, literature, and culture. Students engaged with terminology (descriptive bibliography), recognized the temporal lines of the book as an object (provenance), followed the development of a book as a polyglotous intellectual entity, and reviewed the geographic/historical experiences of the author and of the book (biography, publishing). The spatial turn allowed students to construct (and in some cases, deconstruct) the cultural world in which texts, authors and printers collide.
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Nance, John V. "Shakespeare, Virgil and the First Hamlet". Critical Survey 31, n.º 1-2 (1 de julio de 2019): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/cs.2019.31010209.
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Of the fifteen verbal links Wiggins associates with Q1 Hamlet in his catalogue of British Drama, the inclusion of Dido, Queen of Carthage is potentially the most problematic in terms of establishing a 1588–1589 date for the play. This article re-examines the editorial and critical history of the most commonly cited overlap between these two plays – the entirety of ‘Aeneas’s tale to Dido’ – and it provides new evidence that challenges their continued association.
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McDowell, Paula. "Defoe's Essay upon Literature and Eighteenth-Century Histories of Mediation". PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 130, n.º 3 (mayo de 2015): 566–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2015.130.3.566.
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Questions of divine intercession and the human transmission of God's word were central to Enlightenment debates about what we would now call media. De foe's neglected Essay upon Literature begins as an argument for the divine origins of writing, but its focus on writing as God's git to humans gives way to a new kind of history, concerned with the development of human communications (oral tradition, writing systems, the invention of printing, and so on). By identifying histories of mediation, like Defoe's, as a distinct genre, we see new links between texts by such wildly diverse authors as Edward Stillingleet, William Temple, William Warburton, Adam Smith, and the Marquis de Con dorcet. Defoe's attempt to articulate an emergent area of intellectual inquiry and his understanding of literature as writing in general rather than as a subcategory of writing challenge us to think through our own generic classiications and hierarchies in the digital age.
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Alfonsi, Marianna. "Charlotte Brontë and Jane Eyre: the beginning of an emancipatory process between literary girls and real girls". Rivista di Storia dell’Educazione 7, n.º 1 (9 de julio de 2020): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rse-9390.
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Giving a right place to literature for children in the context of general literature means to recognizing its roots and influences in a wider landscape. Charlotte Brontë work inserted in this context has a double meaning both because it links adult and child female characters (The italian society of literates has defined them «personagge»), and because it brings us back to the roots of a literature written by women with female protagonists able to undermine the socially approved traditional rules. Recovering Jane Eyre is the first step to be taken to trace a new way of writing about women and telling about “the becoming” of women, delineating a parallel path to bildungsroman, in which the feminine youth has not found full consideration. To define an itinerary for women and girls it is then necessary to analyze the studies of feminist literary criticism that has investigated the relationship between women and literature since 70s, both from the writer’s and reader’s point of view. The objective thus becomes the one to recover the history of that link that unites the presence of women and girls in literature and their search for an autonomous space of imagination, thought and action. Inserting Jane Eyre in the children’s literature allows us to trace the birth of the authentic female child, and the beginning of an emancipatory process that poses important questions about the role of reading and literature in social and educational contexts.
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Zhang (張峰屹), Fengyi. "The Influence of Chenwei on Han Dynasty Literature and Literary Theory". Journal of Chinese Humanities 8, n.º 1 (8 de julio de 2022): 58–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23521341-12340125.
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Abstract Apocryphal chenwei ideas and beliefs rose to prominence in the Han dynasty as a political and cultural movement that became closely intertwined with orthodox classical scholarship. These ideas and beliefs profoundly influenced the literature and literary theory of this period, and their influence must be taken into consideration – alongside that of classical scholarship – when undertaking Han dynasty literary and cultural research. A comprehensive understanding of Han dynasty literature and literary thought can only be obtained when connections to both chenwei themes and classical scholarship have been recognized. Accordingly, this article seeks to shed light on the strong links between chenwei concepts and Han dynasty literary thought through an examination of chenwei influence on Han dynasty poetry and literary theories.
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Ozek, Burcu, Zhenyuan Lu, Fatemeh Pouromran, Srinivasan Radhakrishnan y Sagar Kamarthi. "Analysis of pain research literature through keyword Co-occurrence networks". PLOS Digital Health 2, n.º 9 (7 de septiembre de 2023): e0000331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000331.
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Pain is a significant public health problem as the number of individuals with a history of pain globally keeps growing. In response, many synergistic research areas have been coming together to address pain-related issues. This work reviews and analyzes a vast body of pain-related literature using the keyword co-occurrence network (KCN) methodology. In this method, a set of KCNs is constructed by treating keywords as nodes and the co-occurrence of keywords as links between the nodes. Since keywords represent the knowledge components of research articles, analysis of KCNs will reveal the knowledge structure and research trends in the literature. This study extracted and analyzed keywords from 264,560 pain-related research articles indexed in IEEE, PubMed, Engineering Village, and Web of Science published between 2002 and 2021. We observed rapid growth in pain literature in the last two decades: the number of articles has grown nearly threefold, and the number of keywords has grown by a factor of 7. We identified emerging and declining research trends in sensors/methods, biomedical, and treatment tracks. We also extracted the most frequently co-occurring keyword pairs and clusters to help researchers recognize the synergies among different pain-related topics.
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Zavadska, Galina y Ilona Bagele. "INTEGRATION OF MUSIC AND ART: SOME ASPECTS TO TEACHING HISTORY OF ART". SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 2 (22 de mayo de 2024): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2024vol2.7800.
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One of the trends in the process of updating the contemporary education is the use of the integratd approach to teaching. The integrated approach to teaching creates the environment which helps learners to understand relations between the areas of content of different arts. This approach is first and foremost oriented towards the development of learners’creative thinking and imagination. The program developed for teaching potential designers in Daugavpils University includes courses on history of Art. The History of Art operates with such common art categories as harmony, rhythm, genre, form, style, content, contrast, imaginative contrast etc. Being aware of mutual links between such arts as painting and music will develop understanding about associative imaginary links of the language of artistic expression. Comprehension of composer’s or painting’s creative work or an individual composition within the context of spiritual quest of the epoch allows us to broaden our perceptions about general regularities of the development of historical processes and art in one or another historical period. Those developmental periods of art, when the interaction between its different kinds was the most intensive and satiated the whole cultural aspect of the epoch (romanticism, impressionism, expressionism), attract the greatest attention. In music literature, the most delicate form of sound patterns is manifested in musical landscapes. Natural phenomena, due to their nature, can be not only seen but also heard, and therefore, the range of their reflection in music is tremendously broad. The research aim based on an integrated approach to teaching, to research the interaction between music and painting, as example using the creative work of Latvian landscapist Vilhelms Purvītis and Latvian composer Alfrēds Kalniņš. The paper focuses on the possibility to integrate art and music in the context of enrichment of students’ knowledge and skills.
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Boscolo, Brian, Nan Bernstein Ratner y Leslie Rescorla. "Fluency of School-Aged Children With a History of Specific Expressive Language Impairment". American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 11, n.º 1 (febrero de 2002): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2002/005).
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A large volume of literature now links language demand and fluency behaviors in children. Although it might be reasonable to assume that children with relatively weak language skills might demonstrate higher levels of disfluency, the sparse literature on this topic is characterized by conflicting findings on the relationship between language impairment and disfluency. However, in studies finding elevated disfluency in children with specific language impairment, a higher frequency of disfluencies more characteristic of stuttering has been noted. This study asks whether children with long-standing histories of language delay and impairment are more disfluent, and display different types of disfluencies than their typically developing, age-matched peers. Elicited narratives from 22 pairs of 9-year-old children were analyzed for fluency characteristics. Half of the children had histories of specific expressive language impairment (HSLI-E), whereas the others had typical developmental histories. The children with HSLI-E were significantly more disfluent than their peers and produced more stutter-like disfluencies, although these behaviors were relatively infrequent in both groups. Implications for clinical intervention and future research are discussed.
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Todd, William Mills. "Reading Between the Institutions, Reading Between the Genres, Reading Between the Lines: Jeffrey Brooks’ The Firebird and the Fox". Russian History 47, n.º 4 (8 de septiembre de 2021): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340011.
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Abstract Jeffrey Brooks’ new book, The Firebird and the Fox, draws on an unsurpassed knowledge of Russian literature and culture of all levels, from the folk and popular to the canonical and avant-garde. It divides the “age of genius” (1855–1953) into three periods: the emancipation of the arts (1850–1889), politics and the arts (1890–1916), the Bolshevik Revolution and the arts (1917–1950), each with its own configurations of popular and high culture and construction of creative artists, media, and readers. But three core themes overarch the periods and the exceptionally broad range of phenomena the book discusses: freedom and order, boundaries, art and reality. Throughout Brooks analyzes crossovers and intersections between cultural institutions, between genres and media, and – especially for the Soviet period – between the lines. His categories are at times sociological, historical, and literary. The book implies a theory of cultural production that gives unusual weight to the agency of creative artists. In conclusion readings of three works Brooks does not analyze (Dostoevsky’s Demons, Bely’s Petersburg, and Eisenstein’s Alexander Nevsky) illustrate the productivity of Brooks’ broad and humane approach to Russian artistic culture.
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Kolsky, Elizabeth. "Introduction". Law and History Review 28, n.º 4 (4 de octubre de 2010): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248010000738.
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How do we understand the relationship between law, power, and agency in colonial contexts? Broadly speaking, scholarly opinion is divided between those who view law as a core instrument of colonial control and those who emphasize the ways in which the complexities and ambiguities of colonial legal rule created room for maneuver and manipulation. The articles in this forum skillfully advance our insight into these issues by analyzing the workings of the personal law system in British India, with an emphasis on laws related to marriage. My introductory essay briefly summarizes the two primary approaches to the study of law and empire, clarifies the contribution of the articles to the broader literature, and draws out the thematic links that tie the forum together.
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Brown, Lisa. "Child Physical and Sexual Abuse and Eating Disorders: A Review of the Links and Personal Comments on the Treatment Process". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, n.º 2 (abril de 1997): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073820.
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Objective: The aim of the present paper is to review the available literature on abusive experiences and the development of eating disorders, with particular reference to the theoretical basis of the possible links between them. Method: The review covers the literature of both interpersonal violence and eating disorders, with special reference to that linking the two fields. Brief case reports and clinical experience from a specialised eating disorders unit are also described. Results: Despite much theoretical speculation of a causal relation between abuse and eating dysfunction there is a lack of empirical research to confirm such theories, and a dearth of treatment suggestions to deal with the comorbid problems of the patient with an eating disorder and a history of abuse. Conclusions: There is a need for more clinical and experimental focus in this area, particularly in the study of aetiology and the management of dually affected individuals.
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van den Bel, Martijn M. "French Governors and Dutch Merchants". Journal of Early American History 12, n.º 2-3 (9 de diciembre de 2022): 121–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-12020001.
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Abstract Where most scholarship on the origins of the sugar revolution has focused on the English islands, this article draws on detailed research in Dutch and French archives to show how Dutch merchants were crucial actors in promoting the sugar revolution in the Lesser Antilles. Despite the fact that both English and French islands experienced similar developments, the relationship between these islands is barely known in English literature largely due to the language barrier. Illustrating the Dutch-French relationship allows us to develop a more regionally inclusive and trans-national perspective that shows how the early Caribbean economy, French and English, benefitted from a web of links forged by ambitious Dutch merchants between Europe, Brazil, and the Caribbean.
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Waetjen, T. "Building an archive for 'future pasts': Undergraduates document their local Covid-19 'moment' in World History". Yesterday and Today 30, n.º 1 (2023): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2223-0386/2023/n30a4.
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A substantial body of history teaching scholarship links student archival engagements and primary source work to various desirable educational outcomes, among them an enhanced capacity for historical thinking and imagination. A related scholarly literature considers the interface between pedagogy and public memory-making. This article enters and links these points of discussion by reflecting on a collaborative classroom project of digital archivebuilding, using the online Dublin Core-complicit platform Omeka. At the University of Johannesburg, during the first six months of 2021, first-year students in an online world history classroom produced, submitted, and categorised a body of primary sources-both textual and visual. These submissions reflected their own, ongoing experiences of Covid-19 and of lockdown policies. They used photographs and wrote in their home languages to convey the disruptions, innovations, hardships, and resiliences felt as young people within diverse lifeworlds. Aligned to photovoice methodologies, the exercise promoted a reflection of historical consciousness in two ways: first, by situating the pandemic of the present within a broad global history; and, second, by considering 'future pasts' as a politics of memory, research, and representation. The article describes the production of the archival database, 'Joburg21', and considers the pedagogical challenges and rewards of building a digital 'archive for the future'.
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DEWEESE, D. "THE MASHA'IKH-I TURK AND THE KHOJAGAN: RETHINKING THE LINKS BETWEEN THE YASAVI AND NAQSHBANDI SUFI TRADITIONS". Journal of Islamic Studies 7, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1996): 180–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jis/7.2.180.
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Gupta, Charu. "Domestic Anxieties, Recalcitrant Intimacies: Representation of Servants in Hindi Print Culture of Colonial India". Studies in History 34, n.º 2 (17 de abril de 2018): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0257643018762939.
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This essay presents a social history of power relations between domestic workers and their employers by examining the representations of servants in a wide array of Hindi print literature, including didactic manuals, popular magazines, reformist writings and cartoons, in the early twentieth-century North India. Exploring possibilities within repertoires of representation, it navigates how a contentious discourse around servant and employer developed in the Hindi print sphere. The essay links the portrayal of servants with changing class, caste and religious dynamics, in which print intersected with material circumstances to shape the hierarchical relationship between servants and employers. While imaging ‘ideal’ servants, the Hindi vernacular was also infused with their negative counterparts and anxieties around personal interactions between mistresses and servants, taking its cue from quotidian life and caste–community relations of the time. Increasing assertion by Dalits and growing antagonism between Hindus and Muslims left its imprints on portrayals of subordinate-caste and Muslim servants by dominant castes and classes. The vernacular straddled these domains of distance/desire and hate/love in the servant–employer relationship.
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Brøndal, Jørn. "“In a Few Years the Red Man Will Live Only in Legend and in Cooper’s Charming Accounts”: Portrayals of American Indians in Danish Travel Literature in the Mid- and Late Nineteenth Century". American Studies in Scandinavia 48, n.º 2 (1 de noviembre de 2016): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v48i2.5453.
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During the middle and late nineteenth century, a number of Danish travel writers visited the United States with a view to narrating about the New World to their readers back home. Four of the most prominent writers were Hans Peter Christian Hansen, Vilhelm C.S. Topsøe, Robert Watt, and Henrik Cavling. Among the many topics covered by these writers was that of American Indians. Establishing a narrative of the “vanishing Indian,” the writers endeavored to tie the Indians to a receding landscape of the past and—for the most part—to establish a contradiction between Indians and white “civilization.” Likewise displaying an interest in Scandinavian immigrants, the travel writers sometimes attempted to create links between the Indians and Scandinavian settlers. With no clear Danish interest in celebrating American exceptionalism in the shape of classical U.S. “Manifest Destiny,” the travel writers were nevertheless involved in processes of bonding with the dominant population element of the United States through their common “civilization” and whiteness.
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Cohn, Margit. "“Everything Flows”: Mark Tushnet's Rights Revolution and the Impact of Constitutional Dialogue". Israel Law Review 42, n.º 3 (2009): 472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700000674.
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It is my pleasure to contribute to the workshop on Mark Tushnet's manuscript. Good literature is sometimes identified by its ability to elicit responses on different levels. While reading Tushnet's compelling manuscript, my thoughts about the validity of the historical analysis were supplemented by immediate comparisons to the much shorter history of the rise of “rightspeak” in Israel. Then there were some thoughts about the possible links between this manuscript and Tushnet's earlier works and between this manuscript and other studies of the subject. Finally, I found myself linking and comparing Tushnet's implicit normative arguments with my own views on the role of courts in liberal democracy.
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Albrecht, Monika. "Shared Histories in Multiethnic Societies: Literature as a Critical Corrective of Cultural Memory Studies". Journal of Literary Theory 16, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2022): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlt-2022-2027.
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Abstract The staging of history in literature is engaged in dynamic exchange with society’s memory discourses and in this context, literature is generally seen as playing a creative role as a formative medium in memory cultures. For some time, however, many feel that established concepts of Cultural Memory Studies need to be reconsidered for multiethnic societies. The assumption is that official memory cultures tend to exclude people with a migrant background from identity-forming discourses about the past. Using Germany as an example, this paper argues, first, that the question of memory in multiethnic societies needs to be reconsidered indeed, but in a different direction than has been assumed so far, and, second, that much-discussed concepts such as the post-migrant paradigm or multidirectional memory tend to circumvent the problems at hand rather than contribute to their solution. The paper therefore discusses the preconditions for a literary-theoretical engagement with this socio-political issue and the direction in which an alternative conceptualization would have to go – that is, not a new theory or method, but a novel perspective that should be the basis for future theory building. Rather than confining the notion of a »shared history« to, either the common history of a country’s native population, or to the history since migration shared by minorities and receiving society, this paper proposes to focus on actual links between the histories of Germany as the receiving society and the histories of the new Germans’ countries of origin. Using literary texts and discussing a concrete example, it brings such shared histories to the fore and explores how they open up national memory discourses transnationally. The underlying vision is that these important components of multiethnic societies have the potential to show a way in which national and transnational memory landscapes as a whole could be transformed. In this sense, the metaphor of »Migration into Other Pasts« may be rephrased as migration not »into the past of others« but a territorial move within one common shared history. The paper therefore shows that the prerequisites for a literary-theoretical examination of the question of memory culture in multiethnic societies and its literary representations must be sought in the offerings of literature itself. The literary example, Orkun Ertener’s novel Lebt (Alive/Live! 2014), with its numerous entangled and interweaving shared histories shows particularly clearly how literature can function as a drive or even theory generator for concepts to be developed – instead of, conversely, imposing readymade concepts on both German multiethnic societies and its literary production. The novel perspective of this paper can be summarized in the inversion of the conventional point of departure: Instead of looking for a way to include people with a migrant background into the German memory culture, the first question to be asked should be how, in the age of the general recognition of concepts of entangled history, the idea could arise and persist for so long that migrants with Turkish roots, for instance, have no relation to German history. By focusing on the historical connectivities between Germans and new Germans, Orkun Ertener’s novel Lebt chooses a different approach in this regard. It provides a transnational expansion of memory discourses on German, Greek, Jewish and Turkish/Ottoman history and thus opens up a new and long overdue memory space that is of central interest to multiethnic societies in Germany and beyond. As it seems, it takes writers who are more interested in entangled histories than in history as a resource for identity to get this right. Ertener undoubtedly belongs to this type of writers, as evidenced not least by the fact that he cites or refers to some of the most important historical studies for his context from Mark Mazower’s Salonica – City of Ghosts, a standard reference on the multiethnic and multicultural history of Thessaloniki, to Turkey, the Jews and the Holocaust by Corry Guttstadt who challenged the myth of a Jewish-friendly policy in Turkey. Ertener’s novel Lebt is saturated with the interconnected histories of various ethnic groups and may therefore serve as a blueprint for a vision of memory culture in a multiethnic society. In conclusion, the essay outlines that developing an alternative concept of memory and historical consciousness in multiethnic societies and their literary representations cannot be based on much-discussed concepts such as post-migration or multidirectional memory. Although a superficial glance suggests that they might be the obvious choice for the topic of this paper, a novel take on multiethnic memory landscapes must start from specific shared histories and their entanglements. The paper therefore proposes that a bottom-up development of theoretical-methodological work is necessary in the case of representations of memory in multiethnic societies. This approach must highlight how links between the histories of the receiving societies and the histories of the migrants’ countries of origin are, or could become, important components of an alternative memory culture in multiethnic landscapes – and that these links hold the potential for transforming national and transnational memory landscapes as a whole.
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Hays, Michael. "Notes toward a History of Tragedy and the “Tragic”". boundary 2 47, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01903659-8193208.
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This essay addresses the rather complex questions of the history and function of the word tragedy: Is there a historically and logically consistent use of the word that can serve as a constant in discussions of both drama and dramatic theory? I will try to address some of the reasons why questioning the historical uses and transformations of the word tragedy and the notion of the “tragic” may be important today. Such an effort matters not just for theater critics or historians but also for anyone who wishes to discover the active links between these normative generic concepts and their lived context, including their use value in the social and ideological framing of “life” in society or across societies. In times of cultural or intercultural conflict, including our own, the process of defining a theatrical genre can even become a tool, a weapon almost, in defining interpersonal value and human meaning as such.
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MOULIN, DANIEL. "Tolstoy, Universalism and the World Religions". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 68, n.º 3 (9 de enero de 2017): 570–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046916001469.
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Leo Tolstoy was one of the most prolific religious figures of his time. Yet his religious thought and its influence have seldom been explored by church historians. Drawing upon themes within his literature, non-fiction and previously unconsidered primary sources, this paper considers Tolstoy's religious position in relation to other similar nineteenth-century religious movements. It exposes Tolstoy's links with British Unitarians and also considers Tolstoy's influence upon the founder of Britain's first interfaith organisation, the World Congress of Faiths. It is argued that Tolstoy provides a paradigmatic example by which to examine the relationship between the legacy of the Enlightenment and changing attitudes towards non-Christian religions.
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Briones, Ignacio. "VINCULACIONES POLÍTICAS EN UN RÉGIMEN DE BANCA LIBRE: EL CASO DE LA CRISIS BANCARIA DE 1878 EN CHILE". Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 34, n.º 3 (8 de marzo de 2016): 479–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610916000057.
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ABSTRACTIn 1878 Chile experienced a banking crisis which brought an end to the Chilean free-banking period based on convertibility initiated in 1860. Using monthly bank balance sheets and other primary sources, I analyze the period and argue that one important explanation for the crisis was the growing relationship between banks and government through state loans to finance fiscal deficits and privileges to the issuing banks. I claim that the crisis emerged from a large bank loan in late 1877 which induced over-issuance and depreciation expectations leading, logically, to a bank run. The Chilean case provides valuable evidence of an element frequently neglected by the free-banking literature: the links between banks and government.
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Cuevas, Bryan Jaré. "Predecessors and Prototypes: Towards a Conceptual History of the Buddhist Antarābhava". Numen 43, n.º 3 (1996): 263–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568527962598917.
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AbstractThe Buddhist Sanskrit term antarābhava refers quite literally to existence (bhava) in an interval (antarā) and designates the temporal space between death and subsequent rebirth. It is apparent that, among the early schools of Buddhism in India, the status of this intermediate existence inspired considerable controversy. However, in spite of its controversial beginnings, the concept of the antarābhava continued to flourish and to exert a significant force upon the theories and practices of the later Northern Buddhist traditions. Questions concerning the conceptual origins of this notion and its theoretical connections with earlier Indian systems of thought have received little scholarly attention, despite a growing popularity of literature on the subject of death in Buddhist traditions. In this essay the possible links between the early conceptual systems of Hinduism (the Vedic and Upaniṣadic traditions) and Buddhism are examined to determine whether certain theoretical developments in Hinduism may have contributed to the emergence of the Buddhist notion of a postmortem intermediate period. The conclusion is drawn that the early Buddhists, in formulating a concept of the antarābhava, borrowed and reinterpreted elements from Hindu cosmography and mythology surrounding the issue of postmortem transition.
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Proctor, Caroline. "Physician to The Bruce: Maino De Maineri in Scotland". Scottish Historical Review 86, n.º 1 (abril de 2007): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/shr.2007.0047.
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This article pieces together evidence from fourteenth-century Scottish royal records to identify one of the physicians to King Robert I as the Milanese Maino de Maineri (ca 1295–1368), regent master of the University of Paris and later court physician and astrologer to the Visconti rulers of Milan. The implications for the history of medicine in medieval Scotland are significant, suggesting that, at least at court level, Scots demanded and could afford and attract a high quality of medical treatment. Also emphasised are the strong links that existed between Scotland, Ireland and continental Europe, through the travels of physicians and the transmission of medical literature. Three fifteenth-century manuscripts of one of Maino's works are used as an example of just this type of transmission. The article urges a reevaluation of medical culture in medieval Scotland.