Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Ling Canal (China)"

In view of the problems of complex geological conditions with high underground water level, large permeability coefficient of soil and the presence of large seepage hazard of deep cut canal and deep foundation pit project of South-to-North Water Transfer Project, China, research on seepage characteristics of digging canals under dewatering well is carried out by finite element analysis, and the FORTRAN procedure is programmed. The three-dimensional finite element model of a digging canal is built, and the seepage field of the different conditions of the canal is simulated, the water head distribution, saturation line and leakages are obtained, and the rules and characteristics of steady seepage field under design impervious system are analyzed. The results indicate that the method can exactly determine the key overflow point and saturation line of canal, and well predict seepage field in canal. The results should be of guiding significance to design and construct retaining engineering in deep cut canal and deep foundation pit.

Israel and China have finalized a project plan initiated in 2012. This project received the green light from Israeli cabinet in March 2014. With this venture, China will build a cargo railway line connecting the port of Eilat in the Red Sea to the ports of Ashdod and Haifa on the Mediterranean coast in Israel. This project will be a shipping alternative to the Suez Canal. This statement is the corner stone of this paper and considered an hypothesis to be verified within this paper. The methodology used is based on the concept of “market position.” The main conclusion, theoretically, the Red-Med railway could be an alternative to the Suez Canal for in the 4,000 TFE Vessels containers transportation as far as costs are concerned. However, other concerns, such as the security in the Suez Canal and the risk of its shutdown, must be considered too.

The Grand Canal of China links onshore cities from north to south, from Beijing to Hangzhou. More canal cities are now realizing the value of city marketing with this heritage as a catalyst for revitalization. This paper aims at evaluating the marketing campaigns launched by those cities, especially Hangzhou as an example, examining how effective those campaigns are and what is a sustainable way for formulating and launching city marketing campaigns in the future. Furthermore, as the wealthiest city among the grand canal cities, this paper will look into the obligations that Hangzhou has in promoting the entire line for tourism development. The findings revealed that citizens are hardly aware of the marketing initiatives of Hangzhou city, with the majority of respondents having never seen any campaigns or official documents related to city marketing in Hangzhou. Despite the fact that Hangzhou city is an attractive destination among the canal cities, its fame and reputation do not correspond with its city marketing efforts. It is suggested that Hangzhou city should use its natural resources to market the city in various ways and attract different resources inflow to help the city achieve sustainable development in the long run.

To reduce flood disasters and optimize of the comprehensive benefit of the water basin, the allocation of regional flood drainage rights is of great significance. Using the “top-down” allocation mode, we consider the influence of the social, economic, and ecological environments, flood drainage demand and efficiency, and other factors on the allocation of flood drainage rights. A bi-level multi-objective programming model from the perspective of fairness and efficiency is established for the allocation. The Sunan Canal is taken as a typical case study. The model is solved by the multi-objective optimal allocation method and the master–slave hierarchical interactive iteration algorithm. After three iterations of the initial solution, the allocation of flood drainage rights in six flood control regions finally reach an effective state. The results of the model were compared with results based on historical allocation principles, showing that the bi-level multi-objective programming model, based on the principles of fairness and efficiency, is more in line with the current social and economic development of the canal. In view of the institutional background of water resources management in China and the flood drainage pressure faced by various regions, the allocation of flood drainage rights should be comprehensively considered in combination with various factors, and the market mechanism should be utilized to optimize the allocation.

As much as 80% of oil imports pass through this strait, while we know that industrialization in China is going very fast, and requires oil energy so that the industrial wheels continue to spin. This situation inevitably brought the Malacca Strait to the dilemma position of China (Malacca Dilemma). On the one hand, the Chinese government wants to reduce its dependence on oil imports through the strait given the vulnerability to sabotage, piracy and intervention from major countries (America and India), which have proxies in countries adjacent to the Malacca Strait. The theories used in this study are the theory of maritime strategy by Alfred T. Mahan, Sir Balford Mackinder's Geopolitical Theory, and the Balance of Power Theory of Nye. then the method used is a qualitative data analysis method. A series of steps to reduce dependence on the Malacca Strait is aggressively carried out by the Chinese government, such as Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), String of Pearls, Nine Dash Line, and Construction of the Kra Canal in Thailand. Facing this condition, it is also necessary to review Indonesia's position in the face of the complexity of the problems in the Malacca Strait in order to deal with the various maneuvers that took place in the Straits of Malacca.

A second species ofYuanansuchus,Y. maopingchangensis, is erected for new temnospondyl material from the Maopingchang site, Yuanan County, Hubei Province, China. These specimens are from the same horizon that producedY. laticeps, the type species.Y. maopingchangensisshares the following features withY. laticeps: postorbital portion of skull occupied more than 1/3 of skull length; tabular horn directed laterally; lateral line sulci continuous, well impressed; supraorbital sensory canal enters lacrimal; preorbital projection of jugal less than half length of snout; and vomerine plate short. However,Y. maopingchangensisdiffers fromY. laticepsin having an elongated skull, frontal extending posteriorly to the level of the posterior orbital margin, closed otic fenestra, cultriform process of parasphenoid extending to the level of the anterior margin of the interpterygoid vacuities, and absence of fodina vomeralis. Analysis of a new capitosaur phylogenetic data matrix, containing 56 characters and 29 species, confirms that the two species from Yuanan are sister taxa and that Capitosauroidea can be divided into two major clades: one includingParotosuchus,Eryosuchus, CalmasuchusandCherninia, and another includingMastodonsaurus,Yuanansuchus,Stanocephalosaurus,Procyclotosaurus,Paracyclotosaurus,Antarctosuchus,Eocyclotosaurus,Quasicyclotosaurus,TatrasuchusandCyclotosaurus.

The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC) has made impressive progress in making boat, street, and rail courses that transport cargo between India, Iran and Russia and countries of the European Union and Central Asia. It connects India Ocean, Iran, the Persian Gulf nations, through the nations of the Caucasus and Central Asia with Russia and mainland Europe. This task was a reaction to Eurasian coordination, “Extraordinary Eurasian Partnership” (Russia, 2011) including “One Belt, One Road” (China, 2013) and The Silk Road. By rethinking the Integration and Economic Potential of the INSTC and its importance for the partaking nations, it is feasible to utilize the rationale of the aggregate game plan of the Eurasian space in light of a legitimate concern for all member states. However, the first trail train via INSTC, departing from Helsinki on June 21, 2021, arrived at its destination at twice the speed of the existing Suez Canal route, proving the timeliness and competitiveness but missing rout in Iran Rasht-Astara railway line still remain the challenging problem for the Iranian government as well as for India and Russia.

Objective: To analyse the proximal femoral morphology on three-dimensional reconstructed imagery to explore the factors influencing the relevant parameters. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Peking University Third Hospital in northern China from January 2019 to August 2020, and comprised healthy adults who underwent computed tomography scanning. Three-dimensional computed tomography reconstruction of the proximal femoral medullary cavity was performed using Mimics 22. The anatomical parameters related to total hip arthroplasty were measured to examine the relationship among gender, age and femoral length. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Results: Of the 63 adults, meaning 126 hips, 21(33.3%) were males, meaning 42(33.3%) hips, and 42(66.6%) were females, meaning 84(66.6%) hips. The overall mean age was 51.5±23.1 years (range: 23-68 years). The inflection point of the medullary cavity curved at 5-10mm distal to the lesser trochanteric line. Most horizontal plane parameters significantly differed between men and women (p<0.05), with the mean medullary cavity being wider in men than women. There was a significant difference between the genders in the sagittal anterior-posterior diameter of the canal flare index (p<0.05). Age was negatively correlated with the coronal medial-lateral diameter and coronal lateral diameter of canal flare index. In the coronal and sagittal planes, there was a positive correlation between the metaphysis and diaphysis, and the coronal and sagittal planes were positively correlated with the orthogonal plane. Conclusions: Femoral morphology could be influenced by gender and age. Morphological changes of the proximal femoral medullary cavity were not present in a single plane, but were affected by multiple planes. When the diameter of one plane became larger, its orthogonal plane concomitantly increased. Key Words: Proximal femoral, Morphology, CT measurement, Correlation.

Urbanization is increasing worldwide and is happening at a rapid rate in China in line with economic development. Urbanization can lead to major changes in freshwater environments through multiple chemical and microbial contaminants. We assessed the impact of urbanization on physicochemical characteristics and microbial loading in canals in Suzhou, a city that has experienced rapid urbanization in recent decades. Nine sampling locations covering three urban intensity classes (high, medium and low) in Suzhou were selected for field studies and three locations in Huangshan (natural reserve) were included as pristine control locations. Water samples were collected for physicochemical, microbiological and molecular analyses. Compared to medium and low urbanization sites, there were statistically significant higher levels of nutrients and total and thermotolerant coliforms (or fecal coliforms) in highly urbanized locations. The effect of urbanization was also apparent in the abundances of human-associated fecal markers and bacterial pathogens in water samples from highly urbanized locations. These results correlated well with land use types and anthropogenic activities at the sampling sites. The overall results indicate that urbanization negatively impacts water quality, providing high levels of nutrients and a microbial load that includes fecal markers and pathogens.

Flood control risk is one of the main risks affecting the safe operation of large-scale water transfer projects. Systematically identifying the flood control risk in the project and carrying out risk classification and hierarchical management are problems for project managers. Based on the theory of system and risk assessment, this paper starts with the various risk sources and risk events involved in the whole process of the flood disaster chain, the risk of flood disaster factors, the exposure of the disaster-bearing body, and the vulnerability of the disaster-originating environment are combined. Then, we systematically and comprehensively identify the flood control risks of a large-scale water transfer project, which are divided into four types of risk elements: rainfall–runoff; confluence and flow capacity; the geological characteristics of canal section; economic and social layouts. Specific risk factors are identified for each type of risk element, and a flood control risk evaluation index system for a water transfer project is proposed. According to the framework of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a quantitative assessment of comprehensive flood control for water transfer projects is carried out. Taking the middle route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China as an example, this paper evaluates the integrated flood control risks of 39 engineering units, identifies six units with higher risk levels, analyzes the causes, and suggests engineering and non-engineering countermeasures to prevent and reduce the occurrence of risk accidents. This method is not only used for comprehensive flood control risk assessment and risk management in the operation and management stage of the large-scale inter-basin water transfer project, but also has a reference value in considering the optimal layout of the project water transmission line from the perspective of flood control in the planning and design stage.

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The ancient map has a large span of history, diverse types and rich content. Therefore, comprehensive analysis and summarization of ancient maps and geographical location in different categories are conducive to obtaining more ideal geographical correction results. How to classify the ancient map classification suitable for geographical correction, and then carry out targeted geographic coordinate correction is the primary research content of this research. The geographic reference and geographic reference of the map are the main factors determining the geographical location of the map. Therefore, the division of the ancient map according to the presence or absence of georeferencing is a prerequisite for solving the difficulty of correcting the ancient map.</p><p>The geographic parameters of ancient maps mainly include map projection, geographic reference, map accuracy, scale and so on. In the study of ancient map geolocation, the first thing to be solved is the determination of ancient map projection and geo-reference. For maps with different mathematical foundations (projection and geo-reference), different positioning methods are used for geo-correction. Only by determining the mathematical basis, projection and geographic reference of the ancient maps that need to be located, can the corresponding projection conversion method or geographic correction method be used for map positioning. However, the mathematical basis of ancient maps is not clearly marked on the map, and even if it is marked, it is often not very accurate. Therefore, it is necessary to study the acquisition methods of mathematical parameters of ancient maps.</p><p>For different ancient canal maps, different methods are needed to determine the basis of their geolocation:</p><p>(1) Latitude and longitude</p><p>The latitude and longitude survey of the ancient canal map is based on the modern Western measurement method, through projection conversion, and the latitude and longitude map on the map. The latitude and longitude measurement map has a clear geographic reference and projection.</p><p>(2) Similar to modern latitude and longitude</p><p>This type of map does not indicate the age of production, cartographers and geo-references, or incorrectly label cartographers, geo-references or geographic benchmarks, but according to the presence or absence of latitude and longitude and latitude and longitude, the map's performance techniques, drawing characteristics, related content, etc. In addition to the reference frame of the latitude and longitude network, some maps also have geo-references for the grid, which can be used to determine whether such maps are modern latitude and longitude georeferences. There is a gap between the accuracy of such maps and the measured maps.</p><p>(3) Grid in the square</p><p>Grid in the square is an important traditional Chinese method for mapping maps. It uses a grid coordinate system of square squares. It is an auxiliary line for drawing maps on an ancient scale. The length of each square is the number of real points. Quite a scale of today's maps. The map drawn by the method of “counting in the painting” is more accurate than the predecessors and is reliable. According to this method, the map has been used for more than 500 years (from the drawing time of the trace map). According to records, this method began with the principle of "drawing six bodies" proposed by China's Jin Dynasty. The "six bodies" are the "scores", which is the current scale; the second is the "preview", which is used to determine the mutual orientation of the landforms and features; and the third is the "daoli" to determine the road between the two places. The distance is four; the fourth is "high"; the fifth is "Fang", that is, the fluctuation of the slope of the ground; the sixth is "straight", that is, the conversion of the height of the field and the distance on the map. This is a milestone in the history of maps in China. Because such maps are greatly improved in accuracy, the role in multidisciplinary fields is worth paying attention to. Moreover, such maps are often compiled with reference to a certain map, such as Huayi map, trace map, map of Yu, map of the Emperor, map of the emperor's work, and the preparation of the records of the history of the party, all based on the previous one. of. Therefore, when correcting, you can classify them into one category and consider them together.</p><p>(4) Landscape imagery</p><p>The image of the ancient canal of the landscape image painting adopts the expression of “the law of the landscape”, that is, all kinds of ground elements on both sides of the river are drawn toward the center line of the river. This type of map, because of the "reality" is very strong, the mountains and rivers are realistic and rich in color, so it has always been the mainstream painting method of the ancient rivers before the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are many types of maps, large quantities, rich map content, and extremely high historical value, but their compilation is very different from modern maps. First, the coordinate directions in ancient maps are “upper south and north”, and also “ "Upper north and lower south", mainly "upper south and north", which is different from the directional principle of the modern map "up north and south"; secondly, the use of visually intuitive painting to express features, and the use of less map symbols There is a certain proportional relationship between the positional relationship between the features, but it is quite different from the modern maps with strict mathematical foundations.</p>

Background: Percutaneous infrazygomatic radiofrequency (PIR) is a common approach used to block isolated maxillary nerve (V2) pain through the foramen rotundum (FR) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Nevertheless, when using this method, there is a risk of accidental penetration of the superior orbital fissure (SOF) and the optic canal (OC) that may result in the injury of the vessels and nerves in that area, and in some severe cases may lead to blindness. According to the blocking of the external orifice of the FR and whether a curved needle was used, combined angle deviation from the path of percutaneous infrazygomatic approach, the FR to the SOF or the OC in the treatment of V2 pain, in which no research has reported the angle, we analyzed the value and application of personalized needle modification in PIR in isolated maxillary nerve pain through the FR. Objectives: The following study examined the relationship between the FR and the SOF, and analyzed the clinical significance of personalized needle modification in computed tomography (CT)-guided PIR ablation of the maxillary nerve through the FR in patients with TN. Study Design: Randomized, review, clinical research study. Setting: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medical Center, Jiaxing, China. Methods: Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed in 88 patients and 136 patients with PIR ablation in isolated maxillary nerve pain through the FR. According to the blocking of the external orifice of the FR and whether a curved needle was used, patients were divided into 4 groups: curvedneedle blocking group (CB), straight-needle blocking group (SB), straight needle no-blocking group (SN), and curved-needle no-blocking group (CN). Results: The results obtained revealed minimum H (shortest diameter of the FR) = 1.0 mm and minimum L (length of the FR tubes) = 3.7 mm. The distance between the external orifice of the FR and the SOF (FS) was 5.16 ± 1.33 mm. The angle A (between the radiofrequency needle and the sagittal plane) was 39 ± 3.95°; the angle between the canthomeatal line and the CT scan line (ACT) was 58.99 ± 6.23°; the puncture depth (LS) was 63.99 ± 4.24 mm; the deviation angle of the misplacement into the SOF (SAF) was 2.96 ± 0.71°; the deviation angle of the misplacement into the OC (OAF) was 4.95 ± 0.73°. In addition, the postoperative Numeric Rating Scale scores in the CB group were significantly lower compared with the SB group, whereas the probability of entering the SOF in the CB group was significantly lower compared with the SB group. The total number of punctures in the SN group was less than that in the CN group. Limitations: Additional clinical data should be collected to preserve the results in future work. Conclusions: The distance between the FR and the SOF or the OC was only few millimeters, and slight angle error could lead to the SOF and the OC. For patients with blockage in the path, the treatment of radiofrequency with personalized needle modification could improve the curative effect and reduce the risk of accidental SOF penetration. Key words: Trigeminal neuralgia, foramen rotundum, superior orbital fissure, radiofrequency, personalized needle modification

Can Gio mangrove forest (CGM) is located downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), situated between an estuarine system of Dong Nai - Sai Gon river and a part of Vam Co river. The CGM is the largest restored mangrove forest in Vietnam and the UNESCO’s Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The CGM has been gradually facing to numeric challenges of global climate change, environmental degradation and socio-economic development for the last decades. To evaluate sediment quality in the CGM, we collected 13 cores to analyze for sediment grain size, organic matter content, and trace element concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Results showed that trace element concentrations ranged from uncontaminated (Cd, Cu, and Zn) to very minor contaminated (Cr, Ni, and Pb). The concentrations were gradually influenced by suspended particle size and the mangrove plants.ReferencesAnh M.T., Chi D.H., Vinh N.N., Loan T.T., Triet L.M., Slootenb K.B.-V., Tarradellas J., 2003. 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Kra Canal that has been discussed since 1850’s, is a significant issue for world maritime shipping players and members of the industry. The main aims of constructing the canal are to reduce the overcrowd of Malacca/Singapore Straits and prevent piracy attacks. Vessels sailing from Indian Ocean to South China Sea could reduce up to 700 nautical miles (NM) or 1300 km. Kra canal would take place in the southern part of Thailand, with 102 km of length, 400 m of width, and 25 m of depth. Songkhla and Satun, two provinces in South of Thailand, are the starting and ending points of this canal. In this study, information regarding Kra Canal has been presented and voyage estimation of some ships in alteration of marine fuel oil consumption and costs have been calculated. It is estimated that Kra Canal could reduce up to 2 days with constant speed of 13 knots, without considering the congestion in Malacca/Singapore Straits. It is also predicted that the construction of the canal will effect world maritime transportation line and economy around canal.

South-to-North Water Diversion is a very important project, and its construction is important for solving the problem of water shortage in northern China, promoting economic development, and improving people's livelihood. However, it also faces some environmental problems, such as algae on the side slopes which always affect the water quality of the South-to-North Water Diversion. This paper mainly focuses on the removal of algae on the slope, designs a slope algae removal equipment, the equipment in the tractor drive to drive the removal mechanism for the removal of algae, according to the structural characteristics of algae and cavitation jet de-algae algae removal effect, the use of cavitation jet method of the South-to-North Water Diversion of algae on the slope of the slope for effective removal. In this paper, we first carry out the design of institutional track chassis, mechanical arm and removal mechanism, and then use the software Solidworks to model the mechanical arm and carry out the assembly of the overall equipment. The animation simulation of the assembly diagram shows that there is no interference during the operation of the mechanism, and the motion trajectory and state are in line with expectations. Through ANSYS static analysis and modal analysis of the mechanical arm, in the static analysis, after applying its own gravity and frontend tension, the results show that the maximum displacement and deformation of the mechanical arm are in line with the deformation requirements, while the maximum stress is less than the yield limit of the material; through the modal analysis of the vibration frequency of the sixth-order modes estimate the vibration frequency of the vibration frequency of the whole machine vibration range, so as to complete the design of the slope algaecide removal device removing mechanism.

AbstractIn China at present, the 67-type railway pontoon bridge is part of the main reserve standard equipment that can be utilized for traffic emergency of cross-river bridges. Based on the potential flow theory and boundary element method (the three-dimensional source distribution method), this paper studies the dynamic response characteristics of the 67- type railway pontoon bridge under the action of waves and train loads (the live load of the Chinese Standard-18). First of all, the hydrodynamic characteristics based on application of other computation models applied in relation to floating bridges are compared with the results obtained by the present approach. Secondly, the effects of varying the related wave parameters (i.e. wave period and angle of incidence) on the dynamic response of the 67-type emergency railway pontoon bridge (as installed across the Ji Canal within the Beijing-Shanhaiguan line) are investigated. Finally, the load effects in the girder when this bridge is subjected to the action of various wave and train loads are analyzed. The calculation results indicate that the method proposed in this paper has good generality which enables it to perform a better analysis of the hydrodynamic characteristics of this kind of practical emergency pontoon.Article highlights Research on dynamic response for the major railway emergency pontoon in China are carried out; The three-dimensional source distribution method and FEM is adopted; Simulate traffic loads with the live load of the Chinese Standard-18.

The Liangzhu culture (5300–4200 cal BP) was the most famous Neolithic culture of who settled near the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The core and initial distribution area of Liangzhu originated around Taihu Lake, located on the south bank of the Yangtze River delta. Recently, archaeological studies believe that the Jianghuai area and Huanghuai area north of the Yangtze River are also important distribution areas of Liangzhu culture. The route for Liangzhu culture migrating across the Yangtze River is inferred as follows: One would have crossed the Yangtze River from Nanjing-Zhenjiang belt and continued to migrate northward; while the other would have crossed the River near the estuary before moving north along the ancient coastline to the Jianghuai during the late period of Liangzhu, or crossed the Yangtze River from the east of the present Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal to Jianghuai and Huanghuai. According to the formation of the Yangtze River delta during the Holocene and the evolution of the estuarine sand bar, it is believed that there were large shoals in the Yangtze River channel in the middle-Holocene. The Liangzhu ancestors around 5000 cal BP had the ability of making canoes over 8 m. Based on the archaeological research of the Neolithic period, the evolution of the Yangtze River channel in the Holocene, the history of ancient Chinese shipbuilding, and the modern examples of crossing the Yangtze River with boat, it can be concluded that the present Changzhou–Jiangyin–Zhangjiagang line should be the main and reasonable route for the Liangzhu culture migrating across the Yangtze River.