Bibliografías temáticas / Light-ion reactions

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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Light-ion reactions"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Light-ion reactions"

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Boztosun, I. "Systematic investigation of light heavy-ion reactions". Physics of Atomic Nuclei 65, n.º 4 (abril de 2002): 607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1471259.

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Navrátil, Petr, Sofia Quaglioni y and Robert Roth. "Ab Initio Theory of Light-ion Reactions". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 312, n.º 8 (23 de septiembre de 2011): 082002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/312/8/082002.

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Beck, C. y A. Szanto de Toledo. "Macroscopic features of light heavy-ion fission reactions". Physical Review C 53, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1996): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.53.1989.

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Gupta, Raj K., M. Balasubramaniam, Rajesh Kumar, Dalip Singh y C. Beck. "Collective clusterization effects in light heavy ion reactions". Nuclear Physics A 738 (junio de 2004): 479–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.04.091.

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Navrátil, Petr, Sofia Quaglioni, Robert Roth y Wataru Horiuchi. "$\boldsymbol Ab~Initio$ Calculations of Light-Ion Reactions". Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 196 (2012): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/ptps.196.117.

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Yokota, W., T. Nakagawa, M. Ogihara, T. Komatsubara, Y. Fukuchi, K. Suzuki, W. Galster et al. "Energy damping feature in light heavy-ion reactions". Zeitschrift f�r Physik A Atomic Nuclei 333, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1989): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01299691.

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de Moura, M. M., A. A. P. Suaide, N. Added, E. E. Alonso, W. H. Z. Cardenas, R. J. Fujii, M. G. Munhoz et al. "Light heavy-ion reactions: time scales and emission order of light products". Nuclear Physics A 696, n.º 1-2 (diciembre de 2001): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9474(01)01126-5.

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Anpo, Masakazu y Masato Takeuchi. "Design and development of second-generation titanium oxide photocatalysts to better our environment—approaches in realizing the use of visible light". International Journal of Photoenergy 3, n.º 2 (2001): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1110662x01000101.

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The design and development of second-generation titanium oxide photocatalysts which absorb UV-visible light and work as efficient photocatalysts under irradiation of light in the UV-visible light regions were successfuly carriedout by applying advancedmetal ion-implantation techniques. Titanium oxide catalysts were implanted with various transition-metal ions by a high-voltage acceleration technique, then calcined inO2at around 723–823 K to produce photocatalysts capable of absorbing visible light, the extent of such redshift depending on the kind and amount of metal ion implanted. The transition-metal ion implanted titanium oxide photocatalysts, specifically using V, Mn, or Cr ions, were successful in carring out various photocatalytic reactions such as the decomposition ofNOXand the reaction involving the decomposition ofH2Oat 295 K, significantly under irradiation with visible light longer than 450 nm. In outdoor field reactivity tests, these V or Cr ion-implanted titanium oxide photocatalysts showed four to three times higher photocatalytic reactivity for those photocatalytic reactions under solar beam irradiation, as compared with the original unimplanted titanium oxide photocatalyst. The advantages and possibilities of utilizing such second-generation titanium oxide photocatalysts are the only way to address environmental pollution on a large andglobal scale.
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Colonna, M., J. Cugnon y E. C. Pollacco. "Resilience of nuclear matter in light ion induced reactions". Physical Review C 55, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 1997): 1404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.55.1404.

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Schenkel, T., A. Persaud, H. Wang, P. A. Seidl, R. MacFadyen, C. Nelson, W. L. Waldron et al. "Investigation of light ion fusion reactions with plasma discharges". Journal of Applied Physics 126, n.º 20 (28 de noviembre de 2019): 203302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5109445.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Light-ion reactions"

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Ellithi, Ali Yehia. "Studies in direct break up reactions". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13797.

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Zartova, Irina. "Mesonic fusion - pion and eta meson production in light ion nuclear fusion reactions". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-39875.

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The present thesis describes two experiments performed in the storage ring CELSIUS at The Svedberg Laboratory in Uppsala. In the first experiment the importance of three - nucleon clustering in the six - nucelon system was investigated. The total cross section for the production of the ground state and the 3.56 MeV second excited state of 6Li in the 3He(3He,6Li)π+ reaction has been measured at two beam energies, 261.1 and 262.5 MeV, corresponding to center - of - mass energies 1.2 and 1.9 MeV above the production threshold for the 3.56 MeV state. For the ground state the result was 347 ± 84 ± 42 and 92 ± 84 ± 11 nb respectively. The result for the 3.56 MeV state, 104 ± 23 ± 12 and 56 ± 35 ± 7 nb respectively, is compared to the result of a previous study where the 3.56 MeV state was populated in the d(4He,6Li)π0 reaction. In the second experiment a clean sample of 5×105 eta mesons was prepared by means of the d(p,3He)η reaction. Eta production was tagged by the precise determination of the kinetic energy of the associated 3He ions. In the subsequent decay of eta mesons, channels with lepton - anti - lepton pairs were studied in the WASA detector. In a separate study properties of the WASA deuterium pellet target were investigated and in particular the effects on the beam of the beam - target interactions. In both sets of experiments the fused nuclear system was detected by means of a zero - degree spectrometer with a semiconductor detector telescope. Choosing the detectors to match the rather different requirements, precise information regarding the identity and the momentum of the detected ions could be obtained in both cases.
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Bevilacqua, Riccardo. "Neutron induced light-ion production from iron and bismuth at 175 MeV". Licentiate thesis, Uppsala University, Applied Nuclear Physics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112162.

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Light-ions (protons, deuterons, tritons, 3He and α articles) production in the interaction of 175 MeV neutrons with iron and bismuth has been measured using the Medley setup at the The Svedberg Laboratory (TSL) in Uppsala. These measurements have been conducted in the frame of an international collaboration whose aim is to provide the scientific community with new nuclear data of interest for the development of Accelerator Driven Systems, in the range of 20 to 200 MeV. In this Licentiate Thesis I will present the background for the present experiment, the choice of the measured materials (iron and bismuth) and of the energy range. I will then give a short theoretical description of the involved nuclear reactions and of the model used to compare the experimental results. A description of the neutron facility at TSL and of Medley setup will follow. Monte Carlo simulations of the experimental setup have been performed and some results are here reported and discussed. I will present data reduction procedure and finally I will report preliminary double differential cross sections for production of hydrogen isotopes from iron and bismuth at several emission angles. Experimental data will be compared with model calculations with TALYS-1.0; these show better agreement for the production of protons, while seems to overestimate the experimental production of deuterons and tritons.

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Moura, Marcia Maria de. "Determinação de Escalas Temporais para Reações entre Íons-pesados Leves através de Medidas de Correlações a Momentos Relativos Pequenos". Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43131/tde-31082012-152500/.

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Neste trabalho foram realizadas, no Laboratório Pelletron do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo, medidas de coincidência entre partículas com momentos relativos pequenos para os sistemas 160+10B e 160+ 12C nas energias de 62,5 e 64,0 MeV, respectivamente. Para isso, foi utilizado um hodoscópio composto de 14 telescópios do tipo E-E, capazes de medir a energia tanto de partículas pesadas (Z>2) como leves (Z2). A partir dessas medidas foram obtidos espectros de diferença dos módulos das velocidades (vdif) e funções correlação em momento relativo (prel) para vários pa res de partículas. A análise do espectro de vdif permite determinar a proporção relativa entre as duas seqüências de emissão possíveis para um dado par de partículas. A região da anticorrelação na função correlação permite obter informações sobre a escala temporal referente ao intervalo de tempo entre a emissão da primeira e da segunda partícula. Para o ajuste tanto do espectro de vdif como da função correlação foi utilizado um programa que simula a emissão sequencial de duas partículas a partir de um núcleo composto, no qual a fração das sequências de emissão e a escala temporal são parâmetros ajustáveis. Correlações envolvendo somente partículas leves forneceram resultados para as escalas temporais da ordem de 10-20 s a 10-19 s, compatíveis com evaporação sequencial de um núcleo composto. Correlações envolvendo partículas leves e pesadas forneceram escalas temporais da ordem de 10-20s compatíveis com a fissão de núcleos residuais após a emissão de uma partícula leve.
Particle-particle correlation measurements at small relative momenta for the 160+10B and 160+ 12C systems at Elab = 62.5 and 64 MeV, respectively, were performed at the University of São Paulo - Pelletron Laboratory. The experimental setup consisted of a hodoscope composed by fourteen triple telescopes which provide the energy for both light (Z 2 ) and heavy (Z>2) particles. Velocity difference (vdifl) spectra a nd correlation functions at small relative momenta were obtained for many particle pairs. The velocity difference spectrum provides information about the emission order for the particles. The anticorrelation region in the correlation function provides information about the time between the first and second emission. A simulation code that calculates sequencial emission from a compound nucleus and for which the emission order and time scale are parameters was used to fit both the vdiff spectrum and the correlation function. The time scales obtained for light particle correlations are between 10-20 and 10-19 s and they are in agreement with predictions for the evaporation of compound nuclei. Correlations between light and heavy particles give time scales of about 10 -20 which are compatible with fission of the residual nuclei after a light particle emission.
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Grassi, Laura. "Nuclear reactions induced by light exotic nuclei produced at INFN-LNS and studied by CHIMERA multidetector". Thesis, Universita' degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/126.

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Progress in nuclear science is often driven by new accelerator and other advanced facilities, which allow probing ever more deeply into the structure of the nucleus, or even to discover new states of the nuclear matter. At Laboratori Nazionali del Sud in Catania, using as primary beams 18O and 13C at 55 MeV/u impinging on 9Be production target, light radioactive ion beams have been produced through In Flight Fragmentation method. Elastic scattering angular distributions of 16C+p and 16C+d at 50 MeV/u, 10Be+p at 56 MeV/u and 13B+d at 52 MeV/u systems are measured by using kinematical coincidence technique.
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Frosin, Catalin. "Reaction mechanisms and particle correlations in light-ion reactions at Fermi energies". Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1238673.

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The present PhD work is focused on the study of the reaction mechanisms in light-ion reactions and aims at presenting some new detailed data in this field. In particular we wanted to study the decay of nuclei produced by means of different mechanisms, i.e. from fusion to inelastic collisions at Fermi energies. In this work, we will present the results from the 32S, 20Ne + 12C reactions at 25 and 50 AMeV beam energies, investigated in the frame of the FAZIA collaboration program at LNS laboratories. The experiment, referred to as FAZIACor, employed four FAZIA telescope blocks and is one of the first measurements performed with the FAZIA array.
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Lestone, J. P. "Light charged particle production in heavy-ion induced fusion-fission reactions". Phd thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/139014.

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Ajani, Mistura Bolaji. "Set-up and calibration of a kinematic coincidence system for low-energy light heavy-ion reactions: measurement of 10B (6Li,a) 12C". Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/25796.

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Kohley, Zachary Wayne. "Transverse Collective Flow and Emission Order of Mid-Rapidity Fragments in Fermi Energy Heavy Ion Collisions". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-08-8495.

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The Equation of State (EoS) of asymmetric nuclear matter has been explored through the study of mid-rapidity fragment dynamics from the 35 MeV/u $^{70}$Zn $^{70}$Zn, $^{64}$Zn $^{64}$Zn, and $^{64}$Ni $^{64}$Ni systems. The experimental data was collected at the Texas A and M Cyclotron Institute using the 4 NIMROD-ISiS array, which provided both event characterization and excellent isotopic resolution of charged particles. The transverse collective flow was extracted for proton, deuteron, triton, 3He, alpha, and 6He particles. Isotopic and isobaric effects were observed in the transverse flow of the fragments. In both cases, the transverse flow was shown to decrease with an increasing neutron content in the fragments. The (N/Z)sys dependence of the transverse flow and the difference betwen the triton and 3He flow were shown to be sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy using the stochastic mean-field model. A stiff parameterization of Esym(p) was found to provide better agreement with the experimental data. The transverse flow for intermediate mass fragments (IMFs) was investigated, providing a new probe to study the nuclear EoS. A transition from the IMF flow strongly depending on the mass of the system, in the most violent collisions, to a dependence on the charge of the system, for the peripheral reactions, was observed. Theoretical simulations were used to show that the relative differences in the IMF flow are sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy. The best agreement between the experiment and theory was achieved with a stiff Esym(p). A new method was developed in which correlations between the projectile-like and mid-rapidity fragments were examined using a scaled flow. Theoretical simulations were used to show that the scaled flow of the particles was connected to their average order of emission. The experimental results suggest that the mid-rapidity region is preferentially populated with neutron-rich light charged particles and the Z=3-4 IMFs at a relatively early stage in the collision. This work presents additional constraints on the nuclear EoS and insight into the mid-rapidity dynamics observed in Fermi energy heavy-ion collisions.
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Carter, Ian Paul. "Developing Techniques for High Fidelity Studies of Reactions with Light Weakly Bound Nuclei". Phd thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/114162.

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Research capabilities in nuclear physics have greatly expanded in recent years with the availability of radioactive ion beams and exotic nuclei near the drip line. As a result, new phenomena are being discovered in areas of nuclear reactions and nuclear structure. This thesis work is focused on studies of reaction mechanisms of light weakly bound nuclei at energies near the Coulomb barrier, where nuclear structure influences nuclear reactions outcomes. Two strands towards this end were followed concurrently; the first, to develop a radioactive beam capability to enable reaction studies with 6 He and 8 Li nuclei, and the second, to study the systematics of breakup mechanisms of the stable but weakly bound nucleus 9 Be in interactions with targets of mass A = 40-124. The radioactive beam capability at the Australian National University uses in-flight transfer reactions to produce light unstable beams. The radioactive ion species of interest are then transported and focused onto a secondary target using the magnetic field generated by a superconducting solenoid. The relatively low purities of the unstable beam obtained using a single solenoid (typically 30%) normally necessitates the use of two solenoids in tandem to further purify the radioactive ion beam as done at the TwinSol (USA) and RIBRAS (BRAZIL) facilities. A unique feature of the Australian National University (ANU) radioactive beam capability is a pair of tracking detectors placed at the exit of the solenoid that allows identification and determination of the trajectories of the radioactive species, and electronic tagging event-by-event. These detectors were developed and successfully implemented as part of this thesis work. The reconstruction of ion trajectories using these detectors aids in rejection of contaminant species. Effective beam purities of greater than 90% have been achieved for 6 He and 8 Li, with most impurities being tritons. The tracking detectors have demonstrated rate handling capability of 3×10 6 particles per second. The trajectory reconstruction also provides information on the point of interaction and the angle of incidence of the ion on the secondary target, allowing precise reconstruction of reaction kinematics which is necessary for high fidelity studies of nuclear reactions. Details of the ion transport, tracking detector performance and secondary beam characteristics are described in this thesis, along with the results of the first experiment using a radioactive beam of 8 Li from the ANU capability. Parallel to developing the tracking detectors, experiments with 9 Be, identifying and characterising all breakup mechanisms of 9 Be incident on targets of mass A = 40-124 were carried out. These experiments were done at several energies below the fusion barrier to minimise absorption of breakup fragments by the target. The charged breakup fragments were detected in BALiN, a highly pixelated double sided silicon detector array. The dominance of n-transfer from 9 Be to the target, forming 8 Be, is observed over the entire target mass-region studied in this thesis. Following transfer the 8 Be formed breaks up into two alpha particles. The relative energies of the two coincident alpha particles are used to separate breakup following population of the long-lived ground state of 8 Be from the shorter-lived excited states. This separation is significant since complete fusion cannot be affected by breakup occurring on a time-scale slower than fusion. Selecting the near-target breakup events, and presenting their probability as a function of the radial separation of the projectile and target, can be used in a classical trajectory model to predict suppression of complete fusion at above-barrier energies. The experimental results obtained in this work, combined with the previous studies of 9 Be on heavy targets, give the systematics of breakup in reactions with masses ranging from 40 to 209 u. Such systematics should aid in the developments of models of reactions with weakly bound nuclei.
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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Light-ion reactions"

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Hirenzaki, S. "Light Ion Induced Reactions at Intermediate Energies". En Few-Body Problems in Physics ’95, 379–83. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9427-0_53.

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Cseh, J. "Algebraic scattering theory and light heavy-ion reactions". En Inverse and Algebraic Quantum Scattering Theory, 273–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0104941.

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Cseh, J. "Algebraic Scattering Theory and Light Heavy-Ion Reactions". En Inverse and Algebraic Quantum Scattering Theory, 273–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-14145-8_22.

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Xenoulis, A. C. "Competition Between Light Cluster and Constituent Multinucleon Emission in Heavy-Ion Nuclear Reactions". En Clustering Phenomena in Atoms and Nuclei, 540–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02827-8_64.

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Cujec, B. "Peculiarities in Partial Cross Sections of Light Heavy-Ion Reactions — Evidence for Nuclear Molecules". En Clustering Phenomena in Atoms and Nuclei, 468–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02827-8_59.

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Rosolem, Ciro A., Antonio P. Mallarino y Thiago A. R. Nogueira. "Considerations for Unharvested Plant Potassium". En Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 147–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_6.

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AbstractPotassium (K) is found in plants as a free ion or in weak complexes. It is easily released from living or decomposing tissues, and it should be considered in fertilization programs. Several factors affect K cycling in agroecosystems, including soil and fertilizer K contributions, plant K content and exports, mineralization rates from residues, soil chemical reactions, rainfall, and time. Soil K+ ions can be leached, remain as exchangeable K, or migrate to non-exchangeable forms. Crop rotations that include vigorous, deep-rooted cover crops capable of exploring non-exchangeable K in soil are an effective strategy for recycling K and can prevent leaching below the rooting zone in light-textured soils. The amount of K released by cover crops depends on biomass production. Potassium recycled with non-harvested components of crops also varies greatly. Research with maize, soybean, and wheat has shown that 50–60% of K accumulated in vegetative tissues is released within 40–45 days. A better understanding of K cycling would greatly improve the efficacy of K management for crop production. When studying K cycling in agricultural systems, it is important to consider: (1) K addition from fertilizers and organic amendments; (2) K left in residues; (3) K partitioning differences among species; (4) soil texture; (5) soil pools that act as temporary sources or sinks for K. In this chapter, the role of cash and cover crops and organic residues on K cycling are explored to better understand how these factors could be integrated into making K fertilizer recommendations.
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Atkins, Peter. "Dark Matter: Photochromism". En Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0029.

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Let’s start with the ‘ionization’ of an atom, the formation of an ion by the ejection of an electron when the atom is struck by a sufficiently energetic photon. This kind of process is the basis of the operation of early versions of photochromic glasses, which darken when exposed to bright sunlight, specifically in response to the high-energy ultraviolet component of sunlight that is present outdoors. That kind of photochromic glass was made by adding silver and copper nitrates to molten glass. As the glass cools, small crystallites of the salts form. The crystallites are too small to scatter or absorb visible light, so the glass appears transparent. Now we step into the solid glass and watch what happens when we step outside and ultraviolet photons rain down on us. We see a photon plunge into the glass and strike a copper ion, Cu+. The photon has enough energy to expel an electron from the ion, so forming Cu2+. We see the ejected electron wander off through the solid. Almost immediately, however, it is captured by a silver ion, Ag+, converting it to a silver atom, Ag. (Recall that Ag is the chemical symbol for silver, from the Latin argentum.) Sunlight has induced a redox reaction, an electron transfer reaction (Reaction 5). Now, as we continue to watch, several Ag atoms cluster together to give a microscopic dot of silver metal. These little clusters act like tiny shutters to block some of the light passing through the glass, and the image is dimmed. The clusters of atoms survive for a short time, but inevitably break up and release the additional electron back into the solid. It finds its way back to the strongly attracting double positive charge of a Cu2+ ion and attaches to it, so recreating the original Cu+ ion. However, if you stay outside in the sunlight, ionization and Ag atom formation continue, and your glasses stay dimmed. Only when you come back indoors and the ultraviolet radiation no longer reaches you do the ionization processes cease, and the glass reverts to being fully transparent.
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Atkins, Peter. "Give and Take: Neutralization". En Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.003.0006.

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The almost infinite can spring from the almost infinitesimal. Two almost infinitesimally small fundamental particles are of considerable interest to chemists: the proton and the electron. As to the almost infinite that springs from them, almost the whole of the processes that constitute what we call ‘life’ can be traced to the transfer of one or other of these particles from one molecule to another in a giant network of reactions going on inside our cells. I think it quite remarkable, and rather wonderful, that a hugely complex network of extremely simple processes in which protons and electrons hop from one molecule to another, sometimes dragging groups of atoms with them, sometimes not, results in our formation, our growth, and all our activities. Even thinking about proton and electron transfer, as you are now, involves them. Here I consider the transfer of a proton in some straightforward reactions in preparation for seeing later, in the second part of the book, how the same processes result in eating, growing, reproducing, and thinking. For reactions that involve the transfer of electrons, see Reaction 5. What is a proton? For physicists, a proton is a minute, positively charged, very stable cluster of three quarks; they denote it p. For chemists, who are less concerned with ultimate things, a proton is the nucleus of a hydrogen atom; they commonly denote it H+ to signify that it is a hydrogen atom stripped of its one electron, a hydrogen ion. I shall flit between referring to this fundamental particle as a proton or a hydrogen ion as the fancy takes me: they are synonyms and the choice of name depends on convention and context. An atom is extraordinarily small, but a proton is about 100 000 times smaller than an atom. If you were to think of an atom as being the size of a football stadium, then a proton would be the size of a fly at its centre. It is nearly 2000 times as heavy as an electron. Nevertheless, a proton is still light and nimble enough to be able to slip reasonably easily out from its home at the centre of a hydrogen atom in some types of hydrogen-containing molecules.
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Jordan, Robert B. "Inorganic Photochemistry". En Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195301007.003.0009.

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Electromagnetic radiation in the form of UV and visible light has long been used as a reactant in inorganic reactions. The energy of light in the 200- to 800-nm region varies between 143 and 36 kcal mol-1, so it is not surprising that chemical bonds can be affected when a system absorbs light in this readily accessible region. Systematic mechanistic studies in this area have benefited greatly from the development of lasers that provided intense monochromatic light sources and from improvements in actinometers to measure the light intensity. Prior to the laser era, it was necessary to use filters to limit the energy of the light used to a moderately narrow region or to just cut off light below a certain wavelength. Pulsed-laser systems also allow much faster monitoring of the early stages of the reaction and the detection of primary photolysis intermediates. The systems discussed in this chapter have been chosen because of their relationship to substitution reaction systems discussed previously. For a broader assessment of this area, various books and review articles should be consulted. Mechanistic photochemistry incorporates features of both electron-transfer and substitution reactions, but the field has some of its own terminology, which is summarized as follows: The quantum yield,F , is the number of defined events, in terms of reactant or product, that occur per photon absorbed by the system. An einstein, E, is defined as a mole of photons, and if n is the moles of reactant consumed or product formed, then F = n/E. For simple reactions F£ 1 but can be >1 for chain reactions. An actinometer is a device used to measure the number of einsteins emitted at a particular wavelength by a particular light source. Photon-counting devices are now available and secondary chemical actinometers have been developed, such as that based on the Reineckate ion, Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4-, as well as the traditional iron(III)-oxalate and uranyl-oxalate actinometers. An early problem in this field was the lack of an actinometer covering the 450- to 600-nm range and the Reineckate actinometer solved this problem.
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"Methods for Improving Photocatalytic Activity". En Introduction to Photocatalysis: From Basic Science to Applications, 142–76. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781782623205-00142.

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The recent researches aiming at enhancing a higher photocatalytic activity and the visible light responsibility are surveyed. Various factors affecting the photocatalytic activities such as particle size, crystalline phases and facets, metal ion and anion doping in semiconductors are explained in detail. Furthermore, novel attempts such as surface modifications with fluoride or phosphate treatment, the deposition of transition metal ions or noble metals, the combined use of semiconductors or adsorbents, and the additives in solution are briefly introduced. Finally, the effects of the technical treatments such as ultrasonic wave, microwave, and magnetic field on the photocatalytic reactions are described.
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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Light-ion reactions"

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Hupin, G., S. Quaglioni y P. Navrátil. "Ab initio calculations of light-ion fusion reactions". En NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 2012. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764284.

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Back, B. B. y HELIOS Collaboration. "Light ion transfer reactions with the HELIOS spectrometer". En NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS 2012. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4764269.

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Mazzocco, M., T. Glodariu, B. Martin, D. Pierroutsakou, C. Signorini, R. Bonetti, A. De Rosa et al. "Reaction dynamics with light weakly bound Radioactive Ion Beams at near-barrier energies". En FRONTIERS IN NUCLEAR STRUCTURE, ASTROPHYSICS, AND REACTIONS: FINUSTAR 2. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2939347.

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MURAKAMI, T., M. HAGA, M. HASENO, Y. HIRAI, H. ITO, M. ITOH, T. KAWABATA et al. "FRAGMENT FORMATION IN GEV-ENERGY PROTON AND LIGHT HEAVY-ION INDUCED REACTIONS". En Proceedings of the International Symposium on Post-Symposium of YKIS01. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777577_0028.

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Yamaguchi, H., D. Kahl, S. Hayakawa, Y. Sakaguchi, K. Abe, H. Shimuzu, Y. Wakabayashi et al. "Experimental Studies of Light-Ion Nuclear Reactions Using Low-Energy RI Beams". En Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Nuclei in the Cosmos (NIC2016). Journal of the Physical Society of Japan, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7566/jpscp.14.010503.

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Forssén, Christian, Petr Navratil, W. Erich Ormand y Etienne Caurier. "Cross sections of light-ion reactions calculated from ab initio wave functions". En International Symposium on Nuclear Astrophysics - Nuclei in the Cosmos - IX. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.028.0041.

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Cerutti, F., A. Ferrari, E. Gadioli, A. Mairani, S. V. Förtsch, J. Dlamini, E. Z. Buthelezi et al. "Complete Fusion and Break-up Fusion Reactions in Light Ion Interactions at Low Energies". En VII Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2813818.

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Huppert, D. y E. Pines. "Picosecond Dynamics of Proton-Anion Ion Pair Geminate Recombination". En International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/up.1986.mc7.

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Charge separation is induced in solutions of many chemical and biochemical systems by light absorption. The primary step in these reactions is either an electron or a proton transfer from a parent molecule to a suitable acceptor. The solvated ion pairs which are produced can either geminately recombine or separate by diffusion. Geminate recombination was recognized to be extremely important in radiation induced electron-cation ion pair generation [1]. As for proton transfer reactions, much less attention has been paid to this phenomenon mainly because of two reasons. The first reason is that proton transfer reactions are usually being carried in aqueous solutions where the coulombic attraction is very efficiently screened. In contrast, electron transfer reactions are usually being carried in hydrocarbon solutions where the coulombic screening is much less effective. The second and less obvious reason is that geminate electron-excited cation recombination usually quenches the excited state where in many cases proton transfer to an excited anion does not quench the anion [2]. As a result, proton transfer reactions are usually bidirectional both in the ground and the excited state [3]. It means that upon recombination the excited parent molecule can undergo redissociation. Thus, the combination of effective coulombic screening by water molecules and consecutive dissociations makes geminate recombination much less apparent in proton transfer reactions than in electron transfer ones.
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Ewinger, Angela, Guenter Rinke, Sigrid Kerschbaum, Monika Rinke y Klaus Schubert. "Raman-Spectroscopy for Measuring Chemical Reactions in Micro Reactors". En ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62089.

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Micro heat exchangers, micro mixers and micro reactors have gained importance in chemical, pharmaceutical and life sciences applications. Due to the large surface to volume ratio these devices provide efficient mass and heat transfer. This results in greater selectivity and higher yield for chemical reactions. The Institute for Micro Process Engineering is working on the development, manufacturing, and testing of micro channel devices mainly manufactured of stainless steel, where channel widths and depths lie in the range of 0.2 mm. In order to obtain a better understanding of the physical and chemical processes within such components and to optimize these devices it is necessary to get a look into these micro channels during a mixing process or a chemical reaction. For this purpose laser Raman spectroscopy can be applied. This method is very selective for individual chemical compounds and allows a spatial resolution better than 0.01 mm. Figure 1 shows the experimental setup. The light of an air cooled cw argon ion laser is focused by a microscope objective into a micro channel, measuring the Raman bands over its cross section at several distances from the mixing point. A spectrograph with a CCD-array detects the Raman light, which consists of lines that are characteristic for the chemical compounds flowing through the micro channels and can therefore be used to calculate their concentrations.
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Tamura, S., N. Kishii, N. Asai y J. Seto. "An energetic requirement for photon-gated photochemical hole burning". En OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tht4.

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Photochemical hole burning (PHB) is a promising recording technology for ultra-high-density, wavelength-multiplexed optical data storage. In this paper we report the influence of the free energy change of the electron-transfer reaction on the reactivity of photon-gated PHB. The PHB is induced by an electron-transfer reaction using zinc tetraphenylporphine (ZnTPP) in the higher triplet state as a donor and a series of acceptors with various reduction potentials. We obtained a preliminary energy requirement for PHB. The wavelength-selective light was from a dye laser tuned around 590 nm. The gating light was a 465 nm line of an argon-ion laser in accordance with the triplet–triplet absorption band of ZnTPP. For benzylbromide (−2.34 eV) and chloroform (−1.89 eV), neither single-photon nor photon-gated PHB occurred; the parenthesized values are the calculated free-energy changes for the electron-transfer reactions. However, photongated PHB was observed for ethylbromide (−1.43 eV) and amylbromide (1.30 eV). These results indicate that the reactivity of photongated PHB depends on the free-energy change, and PHB does not occur in the highly exothermic region.
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Informes sobre el tema "Light-ion reactions"

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Rakhno, I. L., N. V. Mokhov y K. K. Gudima. Modeling Proton- and Light Ion-Induced Reactions at Low Energies in the MARS15 Code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), abril de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1212168.

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Petitt, G. A. Light particle emission measurements in heavy ion reactions: Progress report, June 1, 1988--May 31, 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), enero de 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6360215.

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Prosser, F. W. Fusion measurements in light and medium mass heavy-ion reactions: Final report, June 1, 1979--May 31, 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), junio de 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5919100.

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