Tesis sobre el tema "Life trait history"
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Larkin, Katelyn. "Effects of polyploidy and reproductive mode on life history trait expression". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1673.
Barthold, Julia A. "A demographic perspective on trait heritability and sex differences in life history". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:94f04aac-182f-466b-a267-179d68db398f.
Cox, Daniel T. C. "Seasonal mass variation as a life history trait in West African savannah birds". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3581.
Armstrong, Jenny. "The genetic architecture of a reproductive life-history trait in a wild passerine". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11913/.
Pecoraro, Carlo <1986>. "Global Population Genomic Structure and Life History Trait Analysis of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares)". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7537/1/Pecoraro_Carlo_tesi.pdf.
Pecoraro, Carlo <1986>. "Global Population Genomic Structure and Life History Trait Analysis of Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus Albacares)". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7537/.
Cheynel, Louise. "Age-specific relationships between immunity and life-history traits in a wild mammal". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1273/document.
Immunity determines an organism’s sensitivity to pathogens and parasites and thus represent a crucial function that affects survival of individuals in the wild. However, this function represents several energy costs for development and use, and in natural conditions, resources are limited. Organisms consequently face energy allocation trade-offs between costly functions such as immunity, growth or reproduction. On the long term, these allocations are supposed to have serious consequences on probability of individuals to reproduce and to survive at each age.The aim of this thesis was to describe age-related variations of immune phenotype in a wild and long-lived mammal, the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and to provide a better understanding of energy trade-offs between immune function and other life-history traits. This thesis was conducted in roe deer of both sexes and from two natural populations, which allow to test the influence of sex and contrasting environmental conditions on these variations.We first described that rapid growth did not impair the development of young roe deer immune phenotype (levels of innate and adaptive traits), neither on the short-term (during growth), neither on the long-term (during adulthood). We also proved that immune development of juveniles was not dependent of maternal age, but was strongly influenced by maternal body condition. In adult roe deer, we have described the precise patterns of age-related changes in ten immune traits reflecting both innate and adaptive immunity. It revealed that roe deer are subjected to profound changes in their immune profile with increasing age, i.e. an increase in the production of inflammatory markers (haptoglobin, beta-globulin) and a decrease in the adaptive response (lymphocytes). In the same individuals, the parallel increase with age of parasite load supports the idea that deer are subject to immunosenescence. Finally, we described age-related changes in leukocyte telomere length. We found no associations between telomere length and proportions of each leukocyte form (neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes). However, we observed that high levels of some inflammatory markers (beta- and alpha1-globulin) tend to be associated with short telomeres in immune cells. These results open many avenues for a better understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying aging
Orsucci, Marion. "Rôle de la spécialisation à la plante hôte et de l'isolement reproducteur dans la divergence de lépidoptères ravageurs de cultures". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS074/document.
Specialization in different environments is a driver of divergence between populations and species. Phytophagous insects are interesting candidates to study the speciation process via the ecological specialization, due to the intimate relationship between the insects and their host plant but also the regular occurrence of host changes they experienced during evolution. Ecological speciation requires three important components: a source of divergent selection, a form of reproductive isolation either pre- or post-zygotic, and a mechanism linking the genes under selection to those responsible of the reproductive isolation. In this context, we studied the reproductive isolation and specialization in two models polyphagous lepidopteran pests: (1) the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and the closely related species Ostrinia scapulalis, (2) two host races of Spodoptera frugiperda (the fall armyworm), rice strain (sf-R) and corn strain (sf-M). Both models showed a patterns of diversification via the host plant: both species sisters and the two strains are genetically differentiated and are specialized on different host plants (maize for O. nubilalis and sf-M; mugwort for O. scapulalis; rice sf-R). We studied the patterns of specialization of these models by quantification of life history traits in two time points of their life-cycles: (1) in the larval instar, by reciprocal transplant experiments, (2) in the adult, by choice oviposition experiment. These measures highlighted a pattern of specialization at the adult and/or larval instar for both moth species and sf-M. However, the results showed no clear specialization for sf-R of S. frugiperda on the tested plants. We investigated the mechanisms of specialization by RNA-seq in order to identify the genes or the gene families for which variation of their expression depends on the host plant. This mechanistic study revealed genes involved in detoxification, digestion and immunity process that may explain the differences observed in life history traits. Finally, we quantified various barriers (pre- and post-zygotic) to estimate the divergence degree and the causes involved in reproductive isolation of genetic entities studied. In particular, for the two models, we found evidences of post-zygotic barriers with a lower percentage of hatching in the interspecific crosses. In Ostrinia model, we have also demonstrated the presence of pre-zygotic barrier depending of the pheromone blend emitted by the females
Rattiste, Kalev. "Life History of the Common Gull (Larus canus) : A Long-Term Individual-Based Study". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis (AUU), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7350.
Orsucci, Marion. "Rôle de la spécialisation à la plante hôte et de l'isolement reproducteur dans la divergence de lépidoptères ravageurs de cultures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS074.
Specialization in different environments is a driver of divergence between populations and species. Phytophagous insects are interesting candidates to study the speciation process via the ecological specialization, due to the intimate relationship between the insects and their host plant but also the regular occurrence of host changes they experienced during evolution. Ecological speciation requires three important components: a source of divergent selection, a form of reproductive isolation either pre- or post-zygotic, and a mechanism linking the genes under selection to those responsible of the reproductive isolation. In this context, we studied the reproductive isolation and specialization in two models polyphagous lepidopteran pests: (1) the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, and the closely related species Ostrinia scapulalis, (2) two host races of Spodoptera frugiperda (the fall armyworm), rice strain (sf-R) and corn strain (sf-M). Both models showed a patterns of diversification via the host plant: both species sisters and the two strains are genetically differentiated and are specialized on different host plants (maize for O. nubilalis and sf-M; mugwort for O. scapulalis; rice sf-R). We studied the patterns of specialization of these models by quantification of life history traits in two time points of their life-cycles: (1) in the larval instar, by reciprocal transplant experiments, (2) in the adult, by choice oviposition experiment. These measures highlighted a pattern of specialization at the adult and/or larval instar for both moth species and sf-M. However, the results showed no clear specialization for sf-R of S. frugiperda on the tested plants. We investigated the mechanisms of specialization by RNA-seq in order to identify the genes or the gene families for which variation of their expression depends on the host plant. This mechanistic study revealed genes involved in detoxification, digestion and immunity process that may explain the differences observed in life history traits. Finally, we quantified various barriers (pre- and post-zygotic) to estimate the divergence degree and the causes involved in reproductive isolation of genetic entities studied. In particular, for the two models, we found evidences of post-zygotic barriers with a lower percentage of hatching in the interspecific crosses. In Ostrinia model, we have also demonstrated the presence of pre-zygotic barrier depending of the pheromone blend emitted by the females
Andersson, Måns S. "Physiological trade-offs in reproduction and condition dependence of a secondary sexual trait". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Evolutionary Biology, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1407.
This thesis examines parental condition, how it is traded off against reproduction and how it is displayed in a secondary sexual trait. The studies were performed on nest-box breeding collared flycatchers Ficedula albicollis on the island of Gotland, in the Baltic Sea. Early breeding and high fitness were found to be associated with high levels of glycosylated haemoglobin possibly governed by migratory exertion and infectious disease. In order to test if immune function is expressed in secondary sexual traits and how it is traded off against reproductive effort a series of experiments were performed, in which birds were challenged with an antigen, via a vaccine containing neutralised paramyxovirus. The forehead patch of the male collared flycatcher serves as a badge of status and is under sexual selection. Good condition, as reflected in strong immune response and low levels of blood parasites was found to be associated with bigger patch size. Patch size was also found to vary in size within the same breeding season in a pattern predictable from immune response data. Immune response, in itself, was found to be costly in terms of reduced survival, confirming that trade-offs involving suppression of immune response may increase fitness. Mating effort was found to be traded off against immune function and moult. Experimental brood size manipulations revealed a trade-off females between number of offspring and immune function. Thus I suggest a set of parameters useful for condition estimation. I also show that immune response is costly and, second, that pathogen resistance probably plays an important role in the shaping of secondary sexual traits and life-history decisions.
Berger, Vérane. "Senescence and sociality : the example of the alpine marmot (Marmota marmota)". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10257.
What are factors that can delay or accelerate senescence? Researchers are seeking these factors at molecular, cellular and life history traits level. Recent studies have firmly showed that the slow-fast continuum, sexual selection and food availability are factors shaping variability in senescence patterns. Surprisingly, the influence of sociality on senescence has been less investigated. The aim of this thesis is to fill this gap and to study the influence of sociality on senescence thanks to an extensive dataset spanning 25 years of study on free-ranging Alpine marmots (Marmota Marmota), a long-lived and highly social mammal. Alpine marmots live in family groups typically composed of a dominant pair, of sexually mature and immature (yearling) subordinates, and of pups of the year. Male subordinates help to raise pups, they are also called helpers. We showed in dominant females that litter size declined at 10 years of age and reproductive success at 8 years of age. In both sexes, survival was constant with age until dominants were between 6 and 8 years of age and declined markedly thereafter. We also showed that the number of helpers at birth and during adult life were independent and additively increased female dominant longevity and lifetime reproductive success. Moreover, we provided evidence that the presence of helpers at birth and during adult life strongly influenced survival senescence and that this influence was sex-specific. Indeed, females benefiting from the presence of helpers at birth showed a delayed and less intense senescence while males born with helpers showed a earlier and faster senescence. The presence of helpers during adult life was beneficial for both sexes by delaying senescence and decreasing its intensity. Sociality, more specifically cooperative breeding and its benefits and costs associated, is an important predictor of the diversity of survival senescence in Alpine marmot. Finally, we worked at the interspecific level and showed that sociality in mammals delayed the onset of senescence
Quinás, Serra Sónia Raquel. "From taxonomy to multiple-trait bioassessment : the role of Chironomidae in separating naturally poor from disturbed communities". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1138.
Chironomidae (Diptera) have a worldwide distribution, being found over a wide range of habitats. Their larvae thrive in almost every possible freshwater habitat, with representatives also in terrestrial and marine environments, representing a major macroinvertebrate component in terms of abundance and richness. However, Chironomidae are generally neglected in community studies mainly because of difficulties in species larval identification. This compromises also the recognition and use of Chironomidae in trait-based approaches, which promote an indirect measurement of functional integrity in fresh waters. The aim of this thesis was to fill this latter gap by: (1) building a trait database for European Chironomidae at the genus level (Chapter I); (2) evaluating if the developed database at the genus level provides additional information to a commonly used European database developed at the subfamily and tribe level for Chironomidae (Chapter II); (3) testing Chironomidae traits relevance in bioassessment through their ability to discriminate naturally different stream types and segregate least disturbed from disturbed sites (Chapters III and IV); (4) comparing trait information gathered in the new European database (Chapter I) with similar information gathered for North America for the same genus and species, and simultaneously testing for trait variability between continents (Chapter V). In Chapter I the general methodology for the construction of the Chironomidae trait database at the genus level is described. The trait database was developed gathering existing information in literature for 744 species and 178 genera, considering 186 trait categories from 37 traits divided in two major domains: Eltonian - related to organism function and influence over its environments; and Grinnellian - associated to organism requirements and performance in its environments. In Chapter II traits at the genus level (from Chapter I) and the existing ones at the subfamily level (tribe at most; Tachet et al. 2010) are compared. This comparison showed that there are significant differences in trait information gathered at different taxonomic levels, thus questioning the use of the Chironomidae subfamily level in ecological, functional and biomonitoring studies. Subfamilies are very heterogeneous in terms of traits, exposing the evolutionary divergence in each subfamily. The distances between subfamilies given by their traits are also not in agreement with the most accepted phylogenetic subfamily relatedness, indicating a divergence from the traits of a common ancestry. In Chapter III Chironomidae taxonomic composition at the genus level, unlike the subfamily level, allowed the segregation of different stream types: permanent medium elevation, permanent lowland, and south temporary. Different Chironomidae assemblages manifest different trait composition for Eltonian traits (emergence season, maximal body size, overwinter diapause stage, substrate relation), but also morphological traits (body setae, mentum, Lauterborn organs, premandible brush, claws of anterior parapods). Morphological traits seem interesting tools that would avoid the laborious identification of genus that rely on multiple minute structures, enabling the trait assessment through the observation of few Chironomidae structures. In Chapter IV it is tested whether using Chironomidae taxonomic and trait compositions allow the segregation of disturbed sites under multiple anthropogenic stressors (subjected to hydromorphological and physicochemical alterations) from leastdisturbed sites in Mediterranean temporary streams. Traits were analysed individually and also grouped into life-history strategies. Both methods enabled a significant segregation between disturbed and least-disturbed sites. Individual traits that were significantly different between sites were also those that are evolutionarily interrelated and used to define Chironomidae life-history trait strategies [etc]
Andreou, Dimitra. "Sphaerothecum destruens : life history traits and host range". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54976/.
Rougier, Thibaud. "Repositionnement des poissons migrateurs amphihalins européens dans un contexte de changement climatique : une approche exploratoire par modélisation dynamique mécaniste". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0055/document.
The ongoing climate change is modifying the environmental conditions and species have to adapt to these new constraints, either on the same site or migrating in new suitable sites leading to a modification of distribution area. This repositioning has two main dimensions: (i) the species capacity to adapt to the new conditions (modification of life history traits) which is linked to the species resilience and (ii) the species capacity to explore new suitable habitats. The objective of this study was to build a mechanistic model incorporating these two dimensions in order to evaluate, understand and predict the repositioning possibilities of European diadromous fish facing climate change.In their life cycles, diadromous fish species have to use freshwater, estuarine and marine ecosystems. These specific life history strategies represent a great repositioning potential in comparison to freshwater fish species. A database of diadromous fish life history traits, incorporating those that could be influenced by climate change and those that could have an importance in the species repositioning potential, has been built. An Analytic Hierarchy Process has been suggested to develop a composite score based on life traits aiming at assessing the diadromous species repositioning potential.Then, the GR3D model (Global Repositioning Dynamics for Diadromous fish Distribution) has been developed in order to study with a dynamic approach the repositioning potential of diadromous fish, at a large scale, in a context of climate change. This model is a simulation, stochastic and individual-based model incorporating the main population dynamics processes of a diadromous fish (reproduction, mortality, growth, upstream migration with dispersal and downstream migration).A first exploratory application case simulating the repositioning of a virtual allis shad (Alosa alosa) population between two river catchments under a scenario of temperature increase has been carried out and the associated global sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to determine the influence of uncertain population dynamics parameters and of parameters defining the landscape stucture. The results showed that dispersal distance and parameters related to sea lifespan and to survival at sea were crucial to determine the success of colonization.Finally, the use of GR3D in a real application case allowed improving the understanding of allis shad persistence at the scale of its distribution area (i.e. the Atlantic coast) in a context of climate change.Over time, simulation results of GR3D should be relevant and useful in management and conservation of diadromous fish species
Penna, Brandy M. "Local adaptation for life-history traits in Silene latifolia". Click here to access thesis, 2006. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/spring2006/brandy%5Fm%5Fpenna/penna%5Fbrandy%5Fm%5F200601%5Fms.pdf.
"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-48) and appendices.
Chung, Ming-Tsung. "Functional and life-history traits in deep-sea fishes". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/384568/.
MacLean, Heidi Joan. "Temperature, Photoperiod, and Life History Traits in Drosophila subobscura". W&M ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626961.
Alós, Crespí Josep. "Selection drivers of life-history traits in marine coastal fishes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123496.
El humans poden produir evolució contemporània a través de la recol∙lecció de animals salvatges. Aquesta tesis proporciona evidencies d’aquest procés per la pesca recreativa a una sorprenent escala espacial petita. Les poblacions marines de peixos tenen una alta variabilitat individual en caràcters heretables de la història exposada a una mortalitat selectiva per pesca. Les estratègies vitals de les poblacions actuals de peixos costaners, les quals conjuntament produeixin una reducció en la mida del individu, són el reflexa d’aquesta pesca selectiva en poblacions amb baixa connectivitat. Degut a la correlació entre història vital i comportament, la pesca pot induir també respostes adaptatives en cert caràcters comportamentals. Considerant els efectes negatius de la selecció per pesca en la productivitat i la qualitat de les pesqueries, aquesta tesis recomana considerar els possibles efectes evolutius produïts per la pesca en les estratègies de gestió d’espècies explotades per la pesca recreativa.
El hombre puede producir evolución contemporánea por la recolección de animales salvajes. La presente tesis proporciona evidencias de este proceso por la pesca recreativa en una sorprendente escala espacial pequeña. Las poblaciones de peces marinos presentan una alta variabilidad en caracteres heredables de la historia vital expuesta a mortalidad selectiva por pesca. Las estrategias vitales de las poblaciones actuales de los peces costeros, las cuales conjuntamente producen una reducción en el tamaño del individuo, son el reflejo de esta mortalidad selectiva en poblaciones con baja conectividad. Debido a la relación entre historia vital y comportamiento, la pesca puede también inducir cambios adaptativos en ciertos rasgos de comportamiento. Considerando los efectos negativos de la selección por pesca en al productividad y calidad de la pesquería, esta tesis recomienda considerara los posibles efectos evolutivos inducidos por la pesca en la estrategias de gestión de especies explotadas por la pesca recreativa.
Ripley, Bonnie J. (Bonnie Jo) 1970. "Life history traits and population processes in marine bivalve molluscs". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47425.
Davies, Esther K. "Properties of mutations affecting life history traits in Caenorhabditis elegans". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13585.
Haupt, Meghan. "Life history traits that predispose South African linefishes to overexploitation". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29748.
Borges, Carla Débora Gonçalves. "Interaction of human foraging behaviour and prey life-history traits". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/774.
O presente trabalho propõe-se divulgar a pesquisa passada e recente no âmbito das consequências da exploração de recursos costeiros pelo homem na biologia das espécies alvo e na comunidade onde estas estão inseridas. A ênfase das pesquisas aqui apresentadas recai principalmente sobre moluscos bentónicos e lapas em particular, dada a ocorrência de protandria (mudança de sexo de macho para fêmea ao longo do ciclo de vida) em algumas das espécies usadas como recurso alimentar. Questões relacionadas modos de reprodução, hermafroditismo e mudança de sexo no mundo animal são igualmente focadas como introdução aos últimos capítulos da dissertação onde se aborda essas questões mais profundamente. No capítulo final são apresentados trabalhos científicos que retratam a importância das áreas marinhas protegidas na conservação de espécies costeiras. ABSTRACT: The present work aims to bring to public, past and present research in the costal resources exploitation by Man and its consequences upon target species and the surrounding community. Particular attention is given to benthic molluscs and limpets in particular due to the occurrence of protandry (sex change from male to female during the life cycle) in some of the harvested species. The issues related to reproduction mode, hermaphroditism and sex change in animals are presented first as to introduce later chapters where these subjects are deepened. The final chapter presents relevant research of the use marine protected areas to the conservation of coastal species.
Velasque, Borges Mariana. "Personality, life-history traits and pace of life in the hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10223.
Lalouette, Auréline. "Place de la plasticité dans la variabilité de la sensibilité toxicologique et des traits d'histoire de vie des populations de Gammarus fossarum exposées à la contamination chronique des cours d'eau par le cadmium". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m60865fn.
Despite concerns about environmental contamination, the consideration of long-term effects induced by chronic exposure to contaminants in populations over several generations remains limited in ecotoxicological studies and risk assessment. Similarly, in natural environments, evidence that multigenerational exposure influences the sensitivity of organisms is still scarce, and the mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Given the lack of knowledge about the importance of the multigenerational effects of chemical contamination in aquatic populations, this work aimed to investigate the role of plasticity in the variability of sensitivity and life-history traits in natural populations of Gammarus fossarum during chronic exposure to cadmium. For that, two types of approach were used: (1) a comparative approach between fifteen populations naturally exposed or not due to the local geochemical context (exposure assessed by bioaccumulation biotests by in situ gammarids’ caging), based on measurements of tolerance and life history traits after sampled in the field, or after keeping a few populations in uncontaminated water for several months in the lab (common-garden), including offspring from crosses between genitors from different populations, and (2) a controlled multigenerational exposure to cadmium (0.3 µg/L) over 18 months from a gammarid population that was initially unexposed in its native environment. For both approaches, cadmium sensitivity and life history traits (growth rate, size, size at puberty, feeding rates, etc.) were measured at different times of exposure or de-acclimation. This work demonstrated (1) a strong influence of the levels of bioavailable natural contamination on the tolerance levels and life history of the populations, (2) a plasticity of these individual and population characteristics when cadmium exposure is stopped, and (3) non-genetic transmission of tolerance to the offspring depending on the exposure conditions of the progenitors, all of which suggests the possible involvement of epigenetic processes in the modification of sensitivity. In addition, the dynamics of the expression of a metallothionein that responds strongly to cadmium exposure was studied in two organs involved in metal accumulation or detoxification in gammarids (gills, caeca) and in the offspring, with regard to the variations in cadmium tolerance observed between populations and during exposure and common-garden experiments. The results showed a covariation in metallothionein expression levels with Cd tolerance and suggest a role for adaptive transgenerational processes occurring during chronic exposure of populations. These results support the hypothesis of the role of epigenetics in the plasticity of Cd tolerance observed in G. fossarum populations. Thus, this works underlines the important role of plasticity and non-genetic transmission of toxicological tolerance during long-term exposure of natural populations to environmental contamination and thus demonstrates the value of conducting multigenerational studies in environmental species that are not laboratory models in order to improve our understanding of population responses to contamination
Starling, Amanda. "Behavioural plasticity of life history traits in the New Zealand avifauna". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1327.
Edenbrow, Mathew. "Behavioural phenotypes : associated life-history traits and environmental effects on development". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3278.
Garcia, Victoria. "Lifetime fitness and changing life history traits in Red-cockaded Woodpeckers". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71347.
Ph. D.
Zimmerman, Kolea. "The Genetics of Life History Traits in the Fungus Neurospora crassa". Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493574.
Biology, Organismic and Evolutionary
Davies, Sarah Katherine. "A metabolomic approach to assessing life-history traits in Caenorhabditis elegans". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9082.
Sternberg, David. "Life-History Traits and the Functional Diversity of Australian Freshwater Fish". Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367236.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
Full Text
DA, COSTA TEIXEIRA ANTONIO. "Life history traits in contrasting environments - intraspecies variation in stress tolerance". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1214821.
Marín, Moratalla Miren Nekane. "Reconstructing life history traits from bone histology in extant and fossil ruminants". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285623.
Bone histology is a widely used tool to reconstruct vertebrate life histories, either by analysing primary bone tissue or by counting the number of growth marks (skeletochronology). However, it has long been considered that endotherms, unlike ectotherms, display a continuous or noncyclical bone growth, disabling bone histology for life history inferences in mammals. The general purpose of the research presented in this PhD Thesis is to challenge this statement, contributing to the foundations of mammalian bone histology as a tool for inferences on life history strategies. A sample of 274 bone cross-sections from 225 individuals belonging to extant dormice (Gliridae) and extant and fossil ruminants (Bovidae, Cervidae, Moschidae and Tragulidae) have been analysed under polarized and transmitted light microscopy. The results show that Lines of Arrested Growth (LAGs) are universally present in both mammalian groups analysed in this work. These growth marks are present throughout both, the fast-growing bone tissue deposited during growing period (fibrolamellar bone, FLC or parallel fibered bone, PFB) as well as the slow-growing dense lamellar tissue deposited during the adulthood (External Fundamental System, EFS). The number of rest lines in cortical bones fits well with chronological age of the animals, providing evidence of the annual periodicity of bone growth marks in these mammals. The femur is clearly the most reliable bone for skeletochronology analyses because it records the greatest number of LAGs. Despite this, bone remodelling and resorption can potentially delete or obscure the earliest ontogenetic record, especially in large ruminants. This research further indicates that bone growth is arrested during the energetically challenging period (low resource supply), coupled with physiological seasonal variation. These findings provide support that growth arrest forms part of a thermometabolic strategy for energy conservation. Moreover, this work shows that vascular and cellular features of primary bone tissue undergo strong ontogenetic variation associated with a decrease on growth rate as maturity approaches in mammals. Specifically, vascular and cellular densities decrease whereas the proportion of longitudinal canals in relation to circular ones increases throughout ontogeny until reach maturity, which may be related to physiological maturity. However, the most significant change along ontogeny occurs during the transition between the main primary tissues, from FLC/PFB to EFS, which is related to reproductive maturity. This work provides evidence that this transition reliable records the trade-off between growth and reproduction in ruminants. According to these findings, the age at reproductive maturity can be determined by counting the number of growth cycles within the fast growing tissue before the EFS. The result of comparing histological quantitative features between bovids suggests that vascular and cellular parameters are related to body mass and metabolism rather than to extrinsic factors, such as climate. Accordingly, the FLC bone of larger bovids tends to show more circular canals canals (which may reflect higher rates of periosteal bone deposition) and lower cellular densities (which may reflect lower mass-specific metabolic rate according to Kleiber’s law) than the smaller ones. Finally, the findings on fossil species provide evidence that bone histology is a valuable tool to explore evolutionary trends in mammalian life histories. Moreover, the results of bone histology to get some life history traits in endangered mammals highlight its usefulness on the field of conservation biology. To conclude, the findings of this work provide evidence that, in mammals, bone growth is mainly regulated by endogenous rates and synchronized with seasonal resource availability. The evidence of cyclical bone growth debunks the classical assumption that homeothermic endotherms grow continuously until they attain maturity, providing a clear support to the usefulness of bone histology to reconstruct life history traits in extinct and extant mammals.
Varga, S. (Sandra). "Significance of plant gender and mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant life history traits". Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514261398.
Harrower, Colin. "Investigating the Relationships Between Life History Traits and Large Scale Macroecological Patterns". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504375.
Spiers, Angus A. "Seasonality and life history traits of the Anopheles gambiae complex in Malawi". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396849.
Birget, Philip Laurent Guillaume. "Evolutionary ecology of parasites : life-history traits, phenotypic plasticity, and reproductive strategies". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28805.
Beyrend, Delphine. "Life history traits of key brackish copepods from temperate to tropical environments". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10120.
The study of the plankton population dynamics brings new insights on the effects of the global climate change on aquatic ecosystems. However, there is a real need to have a global overview of these effects through inter-site comparisons at appropriate scales. France and Taiwan are two countries located in contrasting climate regimes, respectively temperate and subtropical/tropical. In France, the temperate brackish copepod Eurytemora affinis which is known as key species has been the subject of numerous laboratory and field studies. P. annandalei which is also a dominant brackish copepod but in subtropical/tropical Indo-Pacific regions found in Taiwan, has not been well studied despite its ecological and economical importance. In this thesis we studied the life history of the copepod P. annandalei particularly the effects of temperature-salinity interactions and other aspects such as the reproductive biology to understand its population dynamics in the field. We also investigate the population dynamics of dominant copepods in two contrasting estuaries including P. annandalei and E. affinis respectively in the subtropical Danshuei Estuary and the temperate Seine Estuary. The main originality of this work was to use similar protocols in laboratory and in the field observations in the two contrasting systems. The life history study of P. annandalei highlighted the importance of temperature and salinity in its life cycle strategy. It is able to develop and reproduce in a wide range of temperature-salinity conditions however it showed better fitness at temperature 25-30°C and salinity 15. The field studies showed that the population dynamics of copepods was driven by different environmental factors in the two contrasting systems such as the river discharge in the temperate Seine Estuary and the typhoons in the subtropical Danshuei Estuary. Finally our result may find some interests and applications in subtropical/tropical copepod population dynamics and in industrial aquaculture as well as in the ecology of subtropical brackish systems within the global climate change context
Kakehashi, Masayuki. "On the environmental condition and the corresponding patterns of life history traits". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/86355.
Smith, Samson William. "Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on Life History Traits of Caenorhabditis elegans". PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/712.
Supp, Sarah R. "Local and Regional Drivers of Biodiversity: From Life-History Traits to System-Level Properties". DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1503.
Bezirci, Gizem. "Impacts Of Multistressors On The Survival And Life History Traits Of Daphnia Pulex". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609842/index.pdf.
Palacio, Lopez Kattia Paola. "Effects Of Plasticity And Hybridization On Life History Traits In Arabidopsis Thaliana Ecotypes". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2017. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/816.
Godwin, Joanne Louise. "Consequences of sexual selection for reproductive and life history traits in Tribolium castaneum". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/60654/.
Njoroge, Joyce Muthoni. "Ivermectin selection and characterization of the life history traits of Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda)". Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23417.
Tibblin, Petter. "Migratory behaviour and adaptive divergence in life-history traits of pike (Esox lucius)". Doctoral thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för biologi och miljö (BOM), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-42995.
Kruger, L. M. "Effects of increased fire frequency on the life history traits of Protea lorifolia". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26001.
Fleming, Kelly M. "Functional diversity and life history traits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in disturbed soils". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1191.
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Cashmore, Deborah. "Intra-specific variations in the life-history traits of two lacunids (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia)". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14636.
Rézouki, Célia. "The influence of lifestyle on demographic responses to climate change : the Alpine marmot as a case study". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1161/document.
Understanding populations' response to environmental variation is a central issue of ecology, and has become a compelling goal in the last years due to climate change. In this broad context we could expect some species-specific ecological characteristics known to influence life history traits, such as lifestyle, to shape the demography of populations in variable environments as well as structure between-species differences in response to environmental change. Yet, the influence of species' lifestyle on population demographic responses to environmental variation is still poorly understood. During my PhD, I tried to fill this gap primarily through the analysis of an extensive data set of an Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota) population in the Alps. Alpine marmots present a particular lifestyle. 1ndividuals live in family groups of variable size, typically composed of one dominant breeding pair, of sexually mature and immature subordinates and of pups of the year. Half the year, they hibernate together in burrows and practise cooperative breeding with male subordinates acting as helpers for the pups, increasing their survival probability during hibernation. I first investigated how the marmot's lifestyle (hibernation and sociality) mediated the effects of weather fluctuations on age-specific survival variation. I found that juvenile survival strongly decreased over the years because of inter-related effects of harsher winter weather conditions and social factors (i.e., decrease in helpers' presence). In a second step, I studied the adaptive value of cooperative breeding in this Alpine marmot population, and showed that the positive influence of helpers' presence on juvenile survival was vanishing with climate change. The Alpine marmot population is currently decreasing accordingly. However, in parallel to the latter changes, I found a better access to dominance for subordinate individuals over the years, compensating in part this decrease, and highlighting a complex influence of sociality on marmot response to climate change. Finally, I compared the demography of the Alpine marmot population with that of an Alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) population, subjected to similar weather conditions in the Alps. I was able to show that the difference in lifestyle and reproductive tactic between these species shaped their demographic responses to environmental variation, providing them with differentresistance to current environmental change