Literatura académica sobre el tema "Libri scientifici"

Abstract We discuss the project “Per un pugno di libri … scientifici”, aimed at bringing the young generations closer to scientific culture through reading divulgation books about physics. The project, which is addressed to high-school students, is sponsored by INFN and other national and regional research institutions, along with physics departments of some Italian universities.

L’esternalizzazione è un sistema di gestione coperto dal genere dei rapporti trilaterali, nel caso in ricerca, maneggiato dalla Pubblica Amministrazione, per ridurre costi e migliorare la qualità dei servizi offerti alla popolazione, adoperato, dapprima, solo per le attività accessorie, ma con la normalizzazione del sistema, si è cominciato a implementarlo nei bisogni principali. Tuttavia, l’uso senza controllo e sfrenato di questo meccanismo ha creato intensi dibattiti giuridici e dottrinari che indicano i vantaggi e gli svantaggi di tali tipi di contratto, sia per quanto riguarda la vulnerabilità dell’operaio esternalizzato, sia rispetto la responsabilità del ricevitore del servizio dinanzi al disonore dei loro oneri lavorativi, e come l’utilizzo dell’esternalizzazione potrebbe essere adoperato in modo sicuro ed efficace dai contraenti. È appunto per questo che, inizialmente, la presente ricerca avrà un approccio generale sull’esternalizzazione, dalla comparsa del meccanismo nella storia, con enfasi sulla sua applicazione nel settore pubblico, investigando le possibili minacce ai regimi giuridici di contrattazione del personale utilizzati da enti statali. In questa prospettiva, saranno indicate le definizioni più impiegate dai dottrinatori, così come anche la natura giuridica e i presupposti che permeano l’istituto. Di seguito, saranno trattati il capitalismo, la globalizzazione, il neoliberalismo, indicati i fattori che influenzano l’esistenza e l’espansione dell’esternalizzazione e le critiche esistenti in materia. Alla ricerca di una soluzione più fattibile ed effettiva alla problematica, verranno confrontati ritagli esemplificativi del meccanismo in altri sistemi giuridici, soprattutto in quello italiano, riportando riferimenti legali e giurisprudenze sulla materia. La metodologia impiegata è sostanzialmente bibliografica e indiretta, servendosi da libri, articoli scientifici e orientamenti giurisprudenziali dei tribunali superiore e regionali del lavoro, servendosi, ancora, del metodo deduttivo per la giusta interpretazione dell’argomento. In questo senso, la presente ricerca dimostrerà la soluzione della problematica ritenuta dal ricercatore la più fattibile ed effettiva.

I cinquant’anni dell’attività editoriale del periodico „Prawo Kanoniczne” hanno portato alla canonistica, dal punto di vista scientifico, delle preziose e molte dissertazioni ed elaborazioni scientifiche nell’ambito del diritto penale canonico. L’articolo presenta la problematica di diritto penale nella prospettiva storica, seguendo la struttura del V libro del C1C 1917 e del VI libro del CIC 1983. La rassegna della letteratura riguardante il diritto penale canonico permette di constatare che la canonistica polacca, rappresentata dale pubblicazioni nella rivista „Prawo K anoniczne”, e strettamente legata alla problematica scientifica trattata nei periodici della canonistica mondiale. Le monografie e gli articoli pubblicati nel periodico „Prawo Kanoniczne” testimoniano un modo coraggioso di affrontare le questioni difficili, discutibili, ed alle volte tralasciate dalla letteratura nel campo del diritto penale canonico.

Abstract This article employs a comparative historical perspective to narrow the gap in the existing knowledge of the origins of the trans-Atlantic information explosion phenomenon that dates back to the early decades of the twentieth century. The author examines the root cause of the unprecedented growth of the overall amount of documents through the lens of the rapid expansion of scientific and technical advances across the world and subsequent spread of modern technologies, particularly those applied to scientific and technical information (STI). The study’s focus is on two superpowers of the era: the thriving Soviet military-industrial complex that went hand in hand with the rise of the STI management system in the mid-twentieth century United States. By exploring the practices of a range of U.S. and Soviet information agencies, this research draws parallels with the current information overload and informs our judgment about the challenges and possibilities in scientific and scholarly research brought about by today’s global information age.

AbstractSince the year 2000, the world has witnessed an increased call for improved access to scholarly information. The cost of scholarly content is a major barrier in accessing needed research information. In order to fully contribute to the global knowledge economy, African scholars need to access both global information resources and locally published works. Few studies have focused on the African knowledge production vis-à-vis access to scholarly research information in Africa. This paper examines access to scholarly research information in sub-Saharan Africa. The review focuses on available published works on access to scientific literature in Africa and seeks to understand Africa’s scholarly publishing scene. In the process, challenges and opportunities regarding access to scholarly research information are explored. Three approaches in addressing these issues emerge in literature – namely (i) open access, (ii) donor-funded schemes and (iii) negotiated access schemes for scholarly content. This review shows that these approaches have leveraged information access to the African researchers who now have almost the same levels of access to scientific literature as their peers in the developed world. African governments, institutions, researchers and librarians still need to exploit the potential of open access. There remain, however, infrastructural issues that need to be addressed to ensure that the African scholar enjoys access to current scientific information.

The Astronomicon libri of Basinio da Parma is the first Latin astronomical poem written during the Italian humanism movement. According to the information we possess, Basinio composed the poem at the Malatestian court in 1455. It is usually believed that the work is nothing more than an “imitation” of Aratus’s Phaenomena or Hyginus’s De astronomia, and that it lacks real scientific competence in the astronomical and astrological fields. This article, however, aims to present a brief analysis of the poem by examining the results that have emerged through the preparation of its new critical edition. In particular, thanks to both the recognition of a new Basinio autograph and the Greek glosses inserted therein, this article will show how Cleomedes’s Greek astronomical treatise, Μετέωρα (Caelestia), can be considered the main source of Basinio’s Astronomicon libri.

Il paper offre un'analisi critica della letteratura sulla tematica della spiritualità e delle religioni al lavoro. Il dataset è costituito da articoli e capitoli di libri aventi nel proprio titolo il riferimento alle tematiche citate. Il tipo di analisi effettuato sul corpus finale, costituito da 359 entries tratte dalla banca dati SCOPUS, è di natura mix-method; ad una prima griglia di analisi di taglio quantitativo, abbiamo, infatti, aggiunto un'analisi del contenuto automatica degli abstract del corpus.

Abstract The aim of the article is to identify the limits of traditional methods of preserving ancient parchment Ge’ez manuscripts found in churches and monasteries of Tigray, Ethiopia. The researcher used interview and observation methods to gather relevant data in regard to manuscript preservation practices in churches and monasteries of Tigray, Ethiopia. General Collection Condition Survey (GCCS) and an Item-by-Item Survey were also employed to assess the physical and preservation status of ancient Ge’ez manuscripts, while survey checklist was used to document preservation condition assessments. It was generally viewed that churches and monasteries in Tigray have been playing a pivotal role in the production as well as preservation of ancient Ge’ez parchment manuscripts, however, the assessment result shows most of the traditional techniques employed by these institutions to preserve manuscripts are neither functional nor strong enough to withstand the ever-growing human and natural impacts on these priceless artefacts. Therefore, the paper concludes that in view of the relevance of Ge’ez manuscripts for the Ethiopian people, as well as the poor state of affairs with regard to the preservation and availability of these manuscripts, a new approach that ensures long-term preservation and guarantees their availability for current and future generations should be designed. As a way forward, it is deemed necessary to accomplish in situ conservation and digitization works through scientific procedures and make the digital document available to the wider public using digital library technology. This new approach will enable us to rescue the vanishing literary heritage and unlock the local knowledge contained in those ancient Ge’ez manuscripts through systematic and scientific study as well as to ensure long term preservation.

El objetivo del artículo es analizar las colaboraciones científicas entre los miembros de las 11 Redes de Investigación y Posgrado del IPN. El método de investigación es cuantitativo con un enfoque de sistemas complejos, se analizaron las colaboraciones de coautorías de los investigadores de 2018-2020 en las bases de datos de Google Académico utilizando indicadores de centralidad: grado, cercanía e intermediación. Los resultados indican que las 11 redes tienen una estructura libre de escala, la distribución de la variable grado indica que el 88% de los investigadores tienen menos de 10 colaboraciones en los tres años analizados y un pequeño grupo tiene más de 100 colaboraciones, las variables cercanía e intermediación indican que más del 50% de los investigadores tienen estructura de estrella, las redes más conectadas son: Medio Ambiente, Biotecnología, Nanociencias y Robótica. La originalidad radicó en analizar el comportamiento emergente de las redes. Las limitaciones son la dificultad de localizar las colaboraciones en las bases de datos

With reference to the framework of studies on school libraries special attention is given to the concept of information literacy, an educational opportunity that allows each today’s student and tomorrow's citizen to own methodological tools for a correct access to information and knowledge. Starting from a collaboration with the Ministry of Education (M.I.U.R) on the analysis of the projects posted at BiblioRete 21- Una rete di biblioteche scolastiche per le competenze chiave del XXI secolo , it was possible to observe if the dual mission of school libraries was achieved, as originally intended. The two main objectives were: to promote among children the reading of fiction books for pleasure, and to encourage them to carry out more scientific researches thanks to non-fiction books. Nonfiction book is indeed the favorite source of information used in school libraries and schools. Objectives and scope of the research The aim of this research is to identify the features of the nonfiction science children's book and its potential role in information literacy in primary school pupils, teachers and librarians to provide a tool (Strumento di analisi) to assess their quality and potential. The research questions are: what features - in a research information activity - should a nonfiction children's book have for information literacy? What instruments do teachers and librarians have to assess nonfiction books? What indicators should a tool to assess nonfiction children's books have? Methodology and tools The research, mostly qualitative, has been declined, from a methodological perspective, as follows: a. descriptive analysis of some data related to "BiblioRete 21", in order to verify how the school library is used for information research; b. comparative analysis between the different definitions and features of nonfiction children’s books in critical literature in order to prepare a nonfiction children book’s assessment form (Strumento di analisi); c. observation in information research with children (observation, collection audio and video experience, teachers interviews, logbook, analysis paper-pencil). Fieldwork has had essentially an explorative meaning. Both children , and their teachers have participated actively to the research activity, which had a double scope: for children to deal with scientific subjects experiencing a new methodology; for the researchers to discover if those books used for the activity had the essential characteristics to be considered “good books”. Outcomes The analysis of observational research’s data collected during the fieldwork, integrated what emerged from teacher’s interviews, highlighting some key issues that have to be considered while choosing the nonfiction science children book, in regard to contents, images, interaction, and different ways of reading for the development of information literacy. The findings confirm the hypothesis drawn during the realization of the Strumento di analisi. Conclusion This research wants to give a small contribution to form a comprehensive framework concerning the nonfiction science children book critical-methodological-didactic assessment. In the future there will be many ways to implement the results of the analysis carried out through this research. For instance, in relation to the use of nonfiction enhanced e-book, and also in relation with the involvement of publishers in a constructive reflection on the design of nonfiction children books, to conclude with a deployment of the analysis form implemented in the Bibliorete21’s school libraries
Nell’ambito degli studi sulle biblioteche scolastiche particolare attenzione è posta sul concetto di information literacy, opportunità educativa che permette a ciascun allievo di oggi e al cittadino di domani di possedere strumenti metodologici per un corretto accesso alle informazioni e alla conoscenza. Partendo dalla collaborazione col M.I.U.R. nell’analisi dei progetti inviati in occasione di BiblioRete 21- Una rete di biblioteche scolastiche per le competenze chiave del XXI secolo , si è potuto verificare in che misura, almeno nelle intenzioni progettuali, viene assunta nelle biblioteche scolastiche la duplice mission legata alla promozione del piacere di leggere (frequentazione di opere di fiction) e alla promozione della ricerca (frequentazione di opere di non fiction). Fonte privilegiata di informazione usata nelle biblioteche scolastiche e nelle scuole è costituita dalle opere di divulgazione. Obiettivi Scopo della presente ricerca è di individuare le caratteristiche del libro di divulgazione scientifica e il suo potenziale ruolo nella information literacy in alunni di scuola primaria, per offrire ad insegnanti e bibliotecari uno strumento per la valutarne qualità e potenzialità. Le domande di ricerca che emergono sono: quali caratteristiche dovrebbe avere un libro di divulgazione per promuovere l’information literacy, per favorire l’attività di ricerca di informazioni? Che strumenti hanno insegnanti e bibliotecari per valutare i libri di divulgazione? Di quali indicatori si deve avvalere uno strumento atto a valutare i libri di divulgazione? Materiali e metodi Per dare una risposta alle questioni pedagogiche oggetto di questo lavoro, l'approccio metodologico scelto è stato di tipo prevalentemente qualitativo, con l’apporto di diversi strumenti, sia di tipo quantitativo (questionari), sia di tipo qualitativo (interviste semistrutturate, osservazione). La ricerca, da un punto di vista metodologico, è stata declinata nel modo seguente: o analisi descrittiva di alcuni dati relativi a BiblioRete 21, al fine di verificare quanto la biblioteca scolastica è usata per le attività di ricerca di informazioni; o analisi comparativa fra le diverse definizioni e caratteristiche dei libri di divulgazione date in letteratura critica, allo scopo di predisporre uno Strumento di analisi del libro di divulgazione; o osservazione in attività di ricerca di informazioni con i bambini (osservazione e raccolta di registrazioni audio e video dell’intervento con i bambini, interviste agli insegnanti, diario di bordo, analisi carta e matita). L’osservazione sul campo ha avuto prevalentemente una valenza esplorativa. Protagonisti della ricerca, insieme ai loro insegnanti, sono stati i bambini , che sono stati informati del fatto della duplice finalità dell’attività: per loro, affrontare un argomento di scienze secondo una metodologia nuova; per il ricercatore, osservare se i libri utilizzati per l’attività avevano le caratteristiche necessarie per essere dei “buoni libri”. Risultati L’analisi dei dati della ricerca osservativa, integrati con quelli emersi dalle interviste agli insegnanti, ha evidenziato alcuni aspetti fondamentali da tenere in considerazione per la scelta del libro di divulgazione scientifica per ragazzi, in relazione al contenuto, alle immagini, alla possibilità di interazione, alle differenti modalità di lettura per uno sviluppo della information literacy, che vanno a confermare le ipotesi individuate nella costruzione dello Strumento di analisi. Conclusione La presente ricerca ha inteso dare un piccolo contributo nel delineare un quadro complessivo e di valutazione critico-metodologico-didattica sul libro di divulgazione scientifica per ragazzi. Molteplici possono essere, in futuro, le vie di implementazione dell’analisi in relazione, ad esempio, all’uso degli enhanced e-book divulgativi, al coinvolgimento delle case editrici per una riflessione sulla progettazione dei libri di divulgazione, all’uso dello Strumento di analisi nelle biblioteche scolastiche aderenti alla Bibliorete21

This thesis is aimed at providing a translation from Italian into English of some chapters taken from Osteopatia come Medicina di Terreno (Osteopathy as Ground Medicine), written by Dr. Mauro Fornari D.O.M.R.O.I., Dr. Alberto Garoli MD Ac, MD Ay, MD Tcm, Dr. Lara Gozzi D.O.M.R.O.I., Professor Stefano Guizzardi MD Ph.D., Dr. Andrea Martini D.O.M.R.O.I., and Dr. Stefano Matassoni D.O.M.R.O.I., published in 2014 by Piccin Nuova Libraria publishing house. The main reason behind this choice is a personal interest in technical-scientific translation, especially in medical translation. Furthermore, this translation has been personally requested by one of the authors of the book, Dr. Mauro Fornari, in order to export the new and functional osteopathic method to assess the patient, that is discussed in this book. The dissertation consists of four chapters. Chapter one illustrates an analysis of specialized languages from a stylistic, textual, lexical and morphosyntactic point of view. Chapter two contains an analysis of the main features of medical language, both in Italian and English. Chapter three is focused on corpus linguistics and the use of corpora in specialized translation, it includes a brief introduction to the Osteopathic practice, and contains the translation of chapters 4-5-6-7 of Osteopatia come Medicina di Terreno. And finally, chapter four contains an analysis of the problems found during the translation process, and a proposal for their resolution.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
O presente trabalho trata de um assunto extremamente importante na vida de qualquer cidadÃo: MatemÃtica Financeira. No capÃtulo 1 à feita uma introduÃÃo juntamente com os objetivos e motivaÃÃes que provocaram a realizaÃÃo desse trabalho. Sendo o principal motivo e foco do nosso estudo a carÃncia de utilizaÃÃo, nos livros didÃticos, de tecnologias como facilitadoras de aprendizagem. No capÃtulo 2, falamos um pouco sobre a histÃria da moeda e consequentemente da MatemÃtica Financeira e tambÃm tratamos dos dois regimes de capitalizaÃÃo existentes: contÃnua e descontÃnua. Ao longo do capÃtulo 3, trabalhamos os dois tipos de regime de juros: simples e composto, e posteriormente descrevemos os tipos de taxas de juros. No capÃtulo 4, falamos sobre os tipos de descontos e no capÃtulo 5, estudamos as equivalÃncias de capitais, essencial para se entender, por exemplo, qual a melhor opÃÃo de compra (à vista ou a prazo). Em seguida, no capÃtulo 6, abordamos os sistemas de amortizaÃÃo, dando Ãnfase ao Sistema de AmortizaÃÃo Constante (SAC) e ao Sistema FrancÃs de amortizaÃÃo, conhecido tambÃm como Tabela Price. Posteriormente, no capÃtulo 7, analisamos alguns livros didÃticos e chegamos à conclusÃo que pouca atenÃÃo à dada à MatemÃtica Financeira e menor ainda ao uso de tecnologias. Isso embasa a nossa motivaÃÃo de propor, ao longo do capÃtulo 8, uma sugestÃo de metodologia utilizando tecnologias, a saber: calculadora simples, calculadora cientÃfica e planilha no LibreOffice Calc.
The present work is an extremely important issue in the life of every citizen: Financial Mathematics. Chapter 1 is an introduction along with the goals and motivations that led to the realization of this work. Being the main subject and focus of our study, the lack of use in textbooks, technologies as facilitators of learning. In Chapter 2, we talked a little about the history of money and hence Financial Mathematics and also treat the two-funded schemes exist: continuous and discontinuous. Throughout chapter 3, the two types of work arrangements interest: simple and compound, and then describe the types of interest rates. In Chapter 4, we talked about the types of discounts and Chapter 5, we study the equivalence of capital essential to understand, for example, what is the best option (spot or forward). Then, in Chapter 6, we cover the depreciation systems, emphasizing the Constant Amortization System (SAC) and the French system of amortization, also known as the Price Table. Later, in Chapter 7, we analyze some textbooks and concluded that little attention is paid to Financial Mathematics and less still to the use of technologies. This underlies our motivation to propose, along with Chapter 8, a suggested methodology using technologies, namely: simple calculator, scientific calculator and spreadsheet in LibreOffice Calc.

This doctoral thesis focuses on active Spanish scholarly journals which follow internationally‐recognized quality standards, in order to analyze their main features, study the adoption of Open Access, observe the relationship between their price and bibliometric impact, and examine its internationality characteristics. Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus have been selected as the sources for identifying the journals. After depurating mistakes, a final list of 445 journals has resulted. A set of indicators has been defined and all data has been collected from the journals’ primary source (website or hard copy). Correlations and association tests have been carried out to explore relationships among variables. The population of Spanish journals indexed in WoS and Scopus grew steadily over the last years: there were 300 titles by 2012, 406 by 2013 and 445 by 2015. A 69.7% of these were launched after 1980 and their average age is 30 years. This selection of This selection of 445 journals stands for a 25% of journals published in Spain, but the subject areas are not equally distributed - Science, Technology and Medicine fields (STM) are overrepresented, while Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) appear less frequently. Indeed, 84% of all journals concentrate in only three of the seven subject areas considered for this study – 35% on Social S., 32% on Health S. and 18% on Arts & Humanities. Universities and research centers (mostly the Spanish National Research Council, CSIC) publish 43% of the journals. To run their publishing services, most of them use OJS platforms (34% of the total population). They publish mostly on Arts & Humanities (in Spanish language) and Social Sciences. Online‐only format and free access are their favorite output. Commercial publishers are the second in importance, accounting for the 32% of the journals. They focus on Health Sciences and run most of the few free‐access journals with APCs. They also account for most of the few hybrid journals, which are usually published in English. Elsevier is the largest commercial publisher, publishing about 17% of all the journals in this study. Scientific societies, professional associations and other not‐for‐profit private institutions publish 21% of the journals. They own or participate in another 24% of the journals, which are published by companies like Elsevier. Indeed, their scientific participation is crucial, reaching almost half of the population studied (45%). Government agencies publish only a 4% of all the journals. As to languages, almost half of the journals (47%) are published only in Spanish. Nonetheless, 26% are published both in Spanish and English, and 18% only in English. Remaining languages are residual. Free access is the most common type of publication (64.5%), followed by restricted (16.6%), embargo (14.4%) and hybrid (4.5%). Free‐access is associated with academic publishers and Social Sciences, while restricted‐access and hybrid journals are more common among companies and usually refer to STM fields. Open Access, as measured by free access with self‐archiving permissions, results in 56.9% of the total of journals. This indicates a sustained increase according to previous studies. Article Processing Charges (APCs) are beginning to be introduced in Spain, but only in 7% of these journals. Both free‐access and hybrid journals charging APCs are associated with commercial publishers, English language and high bibliometric impact rates. Annual subscription prices are much higher for STM, commercial companies and English language content, but the difference is lower when using price per article, because expensive journals usually provide more scientific content. APC prices are on average ten times higher in hybrid titles than in free‐access ones. Impact Factor (IF, which is only available for 27% of the studied journals), Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) and Source‐Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) have in general higher impact values for STM fields, journals with APCs and journals published in English. While the highest IFs usually appear in journals issued by commercial publishers, highest SNIPs are related to journals published by associations and societies. Subscription prices, both at volume and article level, have no relationship with any impact indicator. On the contrary, APC prices correlate moderately with impact indicators, but only with SJR and SNIP, not with IF. English language, foreign‐authored articles, international collaborations and foreign members at scientific teams have been identified and measured as elements that indicate internationality. Except for international collaborations, with very few appearances (especially in Arts & Humanities), all elements have global averages of around 33%, although they vary depending on subject areas and access types. The English language is most common in STM fields, journals published by companies and journals charging APCs. Foreign authors are more present in Health Sciences and Mathematics & Physics, and journals with APCs. The proportion of foreign experts is similar to that of foreign authors’, but with smoother differences among categories – also, they are lower in Health Sciences and higher in Engineering. Academic publishers usually include more members from foreign institutions than the rest. Internationality elements present a similar pattern, especially as far as the participation of foreign authors and foreign experts is concerned. Limitations of the study, future research lines and final considerations are provided.
Aquesta tesi doctoral estudia les revistes científiques espanyoles actives i amb un nivell de qualitat reconegut internacionalment, per tal d’analitzar les seves característiques principals, el grau d’adopció d’Accés Obert, la relació entre el preu i l’impacte bibliomètric, i els seus elements d’internacionalitat. Web of Science (WoS) y Scopus van ser seleccionades com a les fonts adequades per identificar la població objecte d’estudi. Després de depurar els errors detectats a les llistes de revistes extretes, es va obtenir una llista definitiva de 445 revistes. Es va definir un conjunt d’indicadors i es van recollir totes les dades de la font d’informació principal (el lloc web o la versió impresa de cada revista). Finalment, es van realitzar proves de correlació i associació per explorar relacions entre variables. S’ha posat de manifest que la població de revistes espanyoles indexades a WoS y Scopus ha crescut de manera sostinguda durant els darrers anys: hi havia 300 títols al 2012, 406 al 2013, i 445 al 2015. El 69,7% dels darrers van ser creats després de 1980 i la seva edat mitjana és de 30 anys. Aquesta selecció de 445 revistes suposa el 25% dels títols publicats a Espanya, tot i que les àrees temàtiques no hi estan reflectides de manera proporcional: la ciència, tecnologia i medicina i estan sobre-representades, mentre es recull un baix percentatge sobre ciències socials i humanes. Tot i així, el 84% de les revistes es concentren en només tres dels set camps considerats en aquest estudi: 35% en ciències socials, 32% en ciències de la salut, i 18% en arts i humanitats. Les universitats i els centres d’investigació publiquen el 43% de les revistes estudiades, amb especial menció del CSIC (Centre Superior d’Investigacions Científiques). La majoria d’aquestes revistes usen Open Journal Systems (OJS), plataforma on es recolza el 34% del total. Les institucions acadèmiques també publiquen principalment revistes sobre arts i humanitats (en castellà) i sobre ciències socials. Aquests títols solen estar disponibles en línia, sense versió impresa, i en Accés Obert. Les editorials comercials són les segones en importància, ocupant-se del 32% de les revistes, la majoria de les quals tracten sobre ciències de la salut. Aquestes entitats són responsables de moltes de les escasses revistes que inclouen càrrecs per publicació (“Article Processing Charges”, APC), tant en Accés Obert com híbrides (aquestes últimes, principalment en anglès). Elsevier és l’editorial amb més títols, publicant el 17% de les revistes d’aquest estudi. Les societats científiques, associacions professionals i altres institucions privades sense ànim de lucre publiquen el 21% de les revistes, i a més a més col·laboren en un altre 24%, del qual s’ocupa principalment Elsevier. La participació d’aquest tipus d’institucions és crucial, ja que en total arriba al 45% de totes les revistes de la població analitzada. Finalment, els ens governamentals responen només del 4% dels títols Quant als idiomes, quasi la meitat de les revistes (47%) estan publicades només en castellà. No obstant, el 26% està publicat en castellà i anglès, i el 18% exclusivament en anglès. La presència de la resta d’idiomes és residual. L’accés lliure és el tipus d’accés més comú (64,5%), seguit pel restringit (16,6%), embargat (14,4%) i híbrid (4,5%). És freqüent a les editorials acadèmiques i a les ciències socials, mentre que l’accés restringit i híbrid és més comú entre les comercials i normalment es troba als àmbits de la ciència, tecnologia i medicina. Les revistes en Accés Obert, considerades com aquelles disponibles en accés lliure i amb permisos d’auto-arxiu, suposen el 56,9% d’aquesta població. Segons estudis anteriors, aquesta dada indica un augment sostenible del grau d’adopció de l’Accés Obert. Els càrrecs per publicació s’estan començant a introduir a Espanya, però de moment només estan presents al 7% d’aquests títols. Tant les revistes en accés lliure amb APC com les híbrides es publiquen per editorials comercials, en anglès i amb alts indicadors d’impacte bibliomètric. Els preus de subscripció anual són molt més alts a revistes sobre ciència, tecnologia i medicina. També ho són als títols publicats per editorials comercials i a revistes en anglès. No obstant, la diferència de preu disminueix si es considera el preu per article, perquè les revistes més cares solen aportar més contingut científic. Els preus dels APC són, de mitjana, deu vegades més cars a les revistes híbrides que a les d’accés lliure. El Factor d’Impacte (IF, que només està disponible per al 27% de les revistes estudiades), el Scimago Journal Rank (SJR) i el Source-Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP), tenen en general valors més alts per a les revistes sobre ciència, tecnologia i medicina, amb APC i en anglès. Mentre que els valors més elevats d’IF apareixen a les revistes publicades per editorials comercials, els SNIP més alts estan relacionats amb associacions i societats. Els preus de subscripció no guarden relació amb cap indicador d’impacte, ni a nivell de volum anual ni a nivell d’article. Pel contrari, els preus dels APC correlacionen moderadament amb indicadors d’impacte, però només amb SJR i SNIP, no pas amb IF. L’anglès, els articles escrits per autors estrangers, les col·laboracions internacionals i els experts estrangers dels equips editorials han estat considerats com a elements d’internacionalitat mesurables. Excepte les col·laboracions internacionals, amb molt poca incidència (especialment baixa en arts i humanitats), tots els elements tenen una mitjana general aproximada del 33%, tot i que depenen molt de l’àrea temàtica i del tipus d’accés. La llengua anglesa és la més comú en ciència, tecnologia i medicina, així com a les revistes publicades per editorials comercials i també en publicacions amb APC. Els autors d’altres països tenen major presència a ciències de la salut, matemàtiques i física, i també a revistes amb APC. La proporció d’estrangeria és similar entre autors i equip editorial, però amb diferències menys notables entre categories. La proporció d’experts forans és també inferior a ciències de la salut, i superior a enginyeries. Les revistes publicades per institucions acadèmiques solen incloure més investigadors amb filiació estrangera als seus equips editorials que la resta de revistes. En general, els elements d’internacionalitat presenten patrons de distribució similars, especialment quant a autors i experts estrangers. Finalment, es descriuen les limitacions d’aquest estudi, possibles línies futures d’investigació, i conclusions globals.

Notre travail de thèse vise à établir un diagnostic des potentialités scientifiques marocaines et à concevoir de nouveaux dispositifs pour la mesure, la cartographie et l’open access à la science locale.Pour bâtir des systèmes nationaux de recherche et garantir le développement socioéconomique du Maroc, les décideurs des universités ont besoin d’indicateurs d’analyse et d’évaluation de leur patrimoine scientifique. Les principales sources utilisées pour effectuer cette analyse sont les bases de données internationales « Scopus » et « Web of Science », en dépit de leurs biais d’indexation et de couverture de la science des pays du Sud. Cela induit un questionnement quant au manque hypothétique de la visibilité de la science marocaine. Ce manque de visibilité serait-il dû à la faible présence des revues nationales dans les bases de données internationales ? Ou relèverait-il de la faible qualité des publications marocaines ? La science marocaine est-elle une science à visée locale, abordant des thèmes qui ne figurent pas dans l’agenda de la science universelle ? Les apports de l’open access quant à l’augmentation de la visibilité et de l’impact de la recherche sont-ils méconnus des universitaires marocains ? La réponse à ces questions est accomplie à travers l’étude de cas de la Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Casablanca (FMPC). Elle s’articule autour de trois objectifs spécifiques : 1/ Recenser la production scientifique ; 2/ cartographier la production scientifique et explorer l’existence d’une relation entre l’indexation des publications dans les bases de données internationales et leur visibilité 3/ évaluer les comportements et les usages de l’open access par les chercheurs.Les principaux résultats de l’analyse et de la cartographie de la production scientifique de la FMPC, attestent que celle-ci jouit d’une grande visibilité à l’échelle internationale. La juxtaposition des publications nationales et internationales permet de confirmer que 70% des publications scientifiques de la FMPC sont intégrées dans les bases de données internationales et que 74.21 % de l’ensemble des articles sont publiés en anglais. Par ailleurs, on ne pourrait exclure 30% des publications nationales de l’évaluation bibliométrique au risque de biaiser les politiques scientifiques du pays.D’autres résultats de la thèse sont constitués par la mise en place du dépôt institutionnel de l’Université et du portail de revues médicales, créés afin d’assurer une large diffusion de la production des chercheurs de la FMPC et d’augmenter sa visibilité et son impact. Néanmoins, les résultats de l’enquête menée auprès des chercheurs ont montré que la principale barrière à l’adoption de l’open access est la méconnaissance des avantages des dispositifs de libre accès à l’IST quant à l’augmentation de leur impact et de leur visibilité. Les résultats de la cartographie de la FMPC et de l’étude des comportements des chercheurs à l’égard de l’open access, nous ont permis de proposer des fondements pour l’édification d’indicateurs adaptés au contexte marocain
Our thesis aims to establish a diagnosis of Moroccan scientific potential in the medical area and to conceptualize new devices for measurement, mapping and open access to local science.To build national research systems and ensure Morocco’s socio-economic development, university decision-makers need analytic and evaluation indicators of their scientific heritage. The main sources used to perform this analysis are the international databases "Scopus" and "Web of Science", despite their biased indexing and coverage of southern countries.This impedes the accessibility and visibility of Moroccan science. A few questions then arise: is this lack of visibility due to the low presence of national journals in international databases? Is it due to the quality of Moroccan publications? Is Moroccan science locally focused, addressing themes which are not on the global agenda? Do Moroccan universities lack awareness of the contribution of open access to increasing research visibility and impact? Our case study of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca (FMPC) is based on three specific objectives: 1/ Identifying scientific production; 2/ characterizing scientific production and exploring the existence of a relationship between the indexing of publications in international databases and their visibility and 3/ evaluating the behaviors and uses of open access by researchers.The main results of our thesis are the analysis and characterization of the scientific output of the FMPC, which is highly visible on an international scale: the juxtaposition of national and international publications confirms that 70% of the FMPC’s scientific publications are integrated into international databases and that 74.21% of all articles are published in English. Furthermore, 30% of national publications cannot be excluded from bibliometric evaluation, at the risk of biasing the country's science policies.The establishment of the University’s institutional repository and of the medical journal portal makes it possible to widely disseminate FMPC researcher production and to increase its visibility and impact. Nevertheless, the results of the survey of researchers showed that the main impediment to the adoption of open access is the lack of awareness of the benefits of STIs with regards to increasing their impact and visibility. The results of the FMPC’s science mapping and the study of researcher behavior with regard to open access have allowed us to propose bases for the definition of indicators adapted to the Moroccan context

El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es describir y analizar un conjunto de parámetros que permita un acercamiento al análisis y caracterización de los modelos de negocio de las revistas científicas españolas, así como explorar la existencia de una estructura subyacente en los datos que pueda contribuir a su clasificación. Desde una visión del concepto de modelo de negocio que incluye componentes de las dimensiones económico-financiera, operativa y estratégica de la actividad editorial, la investigación se desarrolló partiendo de una encuesta distribuida a 1.280 editores de revistas científicas españolas incluidas en la base de datos Dulcinea obteniendo una tasa de respuesta del 43% (n=561). Se aplicaron varias técnicas de investigación que han permitido explorar posibles correlaciones, realizar un análisis de reconocimiento estadístico de patrones basado en un análisis de conglomerados, y profundizar en las opiniones de los encuestados sobre el acceso abierto a través de un análisis cualitativo. Éstas han facilitado, en primer lugar, la identificación de las principales fuentes de financiación evidenciando que los ingresos percibidos a través de suscripciones institucionales están positivamente relacionados con el resultado económico, y que las revistas científicas universitarias se caracterizan por una marcada dependencia de las subvenciones de la administración pública y de las ayudas de la entidad propietaria. En segundo lugar han puesto de relieve cómo la mayoría de las revistas carece de una estructura organizativa estable y depende, en gran parte, del trabajo voluntario. En tercer lugar, los editores han valorado mayoritariamente de manera positiva su experiencia sobre el acceso abierto a la producción científica, si bien con reservas que limitan su consolidación. Finalmente, el análisis de conglomerados ha permitido detectar cuatro conglomerados con patrones comunes diferenciados en los modelos de negocio.
The main objective of this dissertation is to describe and analyze a set of parameters that allow an approach to the analysis and characterization of the business models of Spanish scientific journals, as well as to explore the existence of an underlying data structure that can contribute to their classification. From a vision of the concept of business model that includes components of the economic and financial, operational and strategic dimensions of publishing, research was developed from a survey of 1,280 publishers of Spanish scientific journals included in the Dulcinea database, obtaining a response rate of 43% (n = 561). Several research techniques used have allowed exploring possible correlations, to carry out an analysis of statistical pattern recognition based on a cluster analysis, and deepen the views of respondents on the open access through a qualitative analysis. As a first result, these have allowed to identify the main financing sources showing that the income received through institutional subscriptions are positively related to the economic performance, and that the academic journals are characterized by a marked dependence on public administration subsidies and the support of the journal's holder entity. Secondly, the results have showed that most journals lack a stable organizational structure and depend largely on volunteer work. Thirdly, the majority of publishers have positively valued their experience on open access to scientific production, although with some reservation that limits their consolidation. Finally, a cluster analysis has detected four clusters with common patterns in different business models.

Alors qu’elles permettent de mieux saisir scientifiquement les comportements, les neurosciences, posent, dans le même temps, un défi au libre-arbitre. Dès lors, un droit pénal classique fondé sur la notion de libre-arbitre ne risquerait-il pas d’être déstabilisé par l’émergence de la preuve neuroscientifique ? Se pose alors pour le droit pénal la question de l’accueil des résultats d’une discipline sans en partager les postulats. Ultimement, l’émergence d’un droit imprégné des neurosciences entraînerait une centralité du corps humain conçu alors comme élément de preuve de l’esprit. Aussi, notre recherche se propose à travers une étude globale sur les rapports noués entre les deux disciplines, dans une perspective comparée entre système de common law et système de tradition romano-canonique, de saisir les possibles redéfinitions d’un sujet du droit pénal que l’usage des techniques neuroscientifiques entraînerait dans la procédure pénale
The dissertation examines the integration of neuroscience in criminal justice with potential evolutions towards a new evidence system. The system would then be centered around the study of the human body itself to grasp the criminal mind and such a change would have consequences on the main principles of criminal law. In my thesis, I argue that courts cannot use a scientific technique as evidence without importing some basic assumptions from the science in question. As a result, explaining behavior based on neuroscience that challenges the idea of free will would lead to a redefinition of the subject in criminal law, both in common law and in civil law systems

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Esta pesquisa tem como tema central a comunicação científica na Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) e o objeto deste estudo é a implantação do seu Repositório Institucional (RI), sistema de informação digital aberto que tem como finalidade, armazenar, preservar, divulgar e possibilitar o acesso à produção científica, cultural e artística da Instituição. A referência para esta implantação foi o RepositóriUM, da Universidade do Minho (UMinho), Portugal, por ter sido o primeiro repositório de língua portuguesa, com sete anos de atuação, e lidera o Ranking Web of World Universities entre as instituições deste país. A metodologia usada para o desenvimento do presente estudo, como técnicas de investigação, foi a pesquisa-ação, a pesquisa documental e o estudo de caso, e como pesquisa de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas, aplicação de questionários (survey) e observação participativa através de registro em um Diário de Campo. A implantação do RI da UFBA foi pontuada por barreiras de ordem técnica e burocrática, além das limitações quanto a incorporação do projeto. O levantamento documental a partir de portarias, resoluções dentre outros, mostrou a inexistência de uma política formal sobre a disseminação da produção científica da UFBA, além da falta de clareza e divulgação dos poucos procedimentos adotados, como é o caso do depósito na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). A experiência e os resultados da pesquisa empírica obtidos na UMinho nortearam as decisões e orientações para o RI da UFBA. Recomenda-se a continuidade das ações para a consolidação deste RI. O trabalho apresenta ao final um plano de trabalho com ações e metas a serem cumpridas visando o povoamento e uma maior inserção e reconhecimento institucional, local e global como permite o sistema implantado que está de acordo com os movimentos mundiais de Open Archives Initiative (OAI) - Iniciativa dos Arquivos Abertos e o Open Access Movement (OAM), Movimento Mundial de Acesso Aberto.
Salvador

Cette thèse s’intéresse aux données de la recherche, dans un contexte d’incitation croissante à leur ouverture. Les données de la recherche sont des informations collectées par les scientifiques dans la perspective d’être utilisées comme preuves d’une théorie scientifique. Il s’agit d’une notion complexe à définir, car contextuelle. Depuis les années 2000, le libre accès aux données occupe une place de plus en plus stratégique dans les politiques de recherche. Ces enjeux ont été relayés par des professions intermédiaires, qui ont développé des services dédiés, destinés à accompagner les chercheurs dans l’application des recommandations de gestion et d’ouverture. La thèse interroge le lien entre idéologie de l’ouverture et pratiques de recherche. Quelles formes de gestion et de partage des données existent dans les communautés de recherche et par quoi sont-elles motivées ? Quelle place les chercheurs accordent-ils à l’offre de services issue des politiques de gestion et d’ouverture des données ? Pour tenter d’y répondre, 57 entretiens ont été réalisés avec des chercheurs de l’Université de Strasbourg dans différentes disciplines. L’enquête révèle une très grande variété de pratiques de gestion et de partage de données. Un des points mis en évidence est que, dans la logique scientifique, le partage des données répond un besoin. Il fait partie intégrante de la stratégie du chercheur, dont l’objectif est avant tout de préserver ses intérêts professionnels. Les données s’inscrivent donc dans un cycle de crédibilité, qui leur confère à la fois une valeur d’usage (pour la production de nouvelles publications) et une valeur d’échange (en tant que monnaie d’échange dans le cadre de collaborations avec des partenaires). L’enquête montre également que les services développés dans un contexte d’ouverture des données correspondent pour une faible partie à ceux qu’utilisent les chercheurs. L’une des hypothèses émises est que l’offre de services arrive trop tôt pour rencontrer les besoins des chercheurs. L’évaluation et la reconnaissance des activités scientifiques étant principalement fondées sur la publication d’articles et d’ouvrages, la gestion et l’ouverture des données ne sont pas considérées comme prioritaires par les chercheurs. La seconde hypothèse avancée est que les services d’ouverture des données sont proposés par des acteurs relativement éloignés des communautés de recherche. Les chercheurs sont davantage influencés par des réseaux spécifiques à leurs champs de recherche (revues, infrastructures…). Ces résultats invitent finalement à reconsidérer la question de la médiation dans l’ouverture des données scientifiques
The thesis investigates research data, as there is a growing demand for opening them. Research data are information that is collected by scientists in order to be used as evidence for theories. It is a complex, contextual notion. Since the 2000s, open access to scientific data has become a strategic axis of research policies. These policies has been relayed by third actors, who developed services dedicated to support researchers with data management and sharing.The thesis questions the relationship between the ideology of openness and the research practices. Which kinds of data management and sharing practices already exist in research communities? What drives them? Do scientists rely on research data services? Fifty-seven interviews were conducted with researchers from the University of Strasbourg in many disciplines. The survey identifies a myriad of different data management and sharing practices. It appears that data sharing is embedded in the researcher’s strategy: his main goal is to protect his professional interests. Thus, research data are part of a credibility cycle, in which they get both use value (for new publications) and exchange value (as they are traded for other valuable resources). The survey also shows that researchers rarely use the services developed in a context of openness. Two explanations can be put forward. (1) The service offer comes too early to reach researchers’ needs. Currently, data management and sharing are not within researchers’ priorities. The priority is publishing, which is defined as source of reward and recognition of the scientific activities. (2) Data management services are offered by actors outside the research communities. But scientists seem to be more influenced by internal networks, close to their research topics (like journals, infrastructures…). These results prompt us to reconsider the mediation between scientific communities and open research data policies

Les bibliothèques universitaires des pays d’Afrique francophone sont confrontées à un défi en matière d’offre documentaire dans un contexte marqué par un manque de moyens financiers, une augmentation des coûts de la documentation, et certaines formes organisationnelles peu efficientes. Cette thèse vise dans un premier temps, à partir d’enquêtes et de recueils de données diversifiées, à dresser l’état de l’offre documentaire papier et numérique à l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, en Sciences humaines et sociales (SHS), tout en soulignant des points de comparaison avec d’autres universités francophones subsahariennes. Les résultats visent à quantifier et à qualifier cette offre, à pointer les nouvelles dynamiques dans le cadre de la documentation numérique avec différents types d’acteurs. Par ailleurs, les bibliothécaires cherchent à s’appuyer pleinement sur l’Open Access tant au niveau de l’accès à des ressources qu’au niveau de la valorisation des fonds locaux. L’information numérique est de plus en plus perçue comme le meilleur moyen de satisfaire les besoins en information de la communauté universitaire de l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) de Dakar. Néanmoins, elle est souvent confrontée à des problèmes d’accès à l’information mais également d’usage des ressources documentaires. Cette recherche s’intéresse, dans une seconde partie, à l’appréciation de l’usage des ressources numériques, une appréciation qui se fera comparativement entre plusieurs disciplines de l’UCAD et entre enseignants et étudiants de ladite université. Des recommandations sont formulées dans la troisième partie pour tenter d’y améliorer les services documentaires
University libraries in French-speaking African countries face a documentary supply challenge in a context of a lack of financial resources, an increase in the cost of documentation, and some inefficient organizational forms. This thesis aims at first, from surveys and collections of diverse data, to establish the state of the paper and digital documentary offer at the University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar, in SHS, highlighting points comparison with other Sub-Saharan Francophone Universities. The results are intended to quantify and qualify this offer, to point out new dynamics in the context of digital documentation with different types of actors. In addition, librarians seek to rely fully on Open Access, both in terms of access to resources and the value of local funds. Digital information is increasingly seen as the best way to meet the information needs of the university community at Dakar's Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD). Nevertheless, it is often confronted with problems of access to information but also of use of documentary resources. This research focuses, in a second part, to appreciate the uses of digital resources, in a comparative way between several disciplines at UCAD and between teachers and students. Recommendations are made to try to improve the documentary services in this University

Negli anni Ottanta esplode la formazione tecnico-scientifica nelle scuole superiori e nelle università e l’inglese settoriale diventa qualificante nel paniere delle competenze. Nasce quindi una forte richiesta di formazione da parte degli insegnanti e di materiali innovativi da parte degli editori. Ho studiato le varietà scientifico-professionale-disciplinari tra il 1982 e il 2000, quando ho scritto un libro di sintesi ‘conclusiva’, i cui principi sono poi stati assunti un po’ da tutti. Credo di aver offerto tre contributi originali alla discussione su queste varietà e il loro insegnamento: l’accentuazione del ruolo della microlingua come strumento di riconoscimento come membri di una comunità scientifica; l’impianto di una didattica cooperativa tra il docente – che conosce la lingua – e lo studente di ambito tecnico-scientifico, che conosce i contenuti; lo spostamento della logica CLIL dalle lingue straniere all’italiano L1.

During the Enlightenment period, the French Jesuits were busy planting ornamental natural philosophy in the Virgilian soil; however, their counterparts in Rome were tilling rougher grounds and sowing Lucretius's seeds far below the surface. While, in general, French Jesuits are commended for leading Italy intellectually and culturally in the Enlightenment period, it was the Italian Jesuits who produced the most rigorous scientific didactic poems. Indeed, the best-known ‘Lucretian’ poem of the period was written by the Frenchman Cardinal Melchoir de Polignac; however, he was surpassed by the seventeenth-century Italian Jesuit Tommaso Ceva with his Philosophia novo-antiqua, and moreover was debunked by Benedict Stay, a young prodigy who wrote his magnum opus, the Philosophiae recentoris libri x [= Pr]. This chapter discusses the development of scientific poetry in the age of the Enlightenment in Rome. Its focus is on the analysis of some of the exemplary works of Roman poets. The chapter also provides an overview of the contemporary Italian criticism on didactic poetry, particularly those related to scientific subjects.

This chapter examines how the French Jesuits influenced the didactic poetic practice of their Italian counterparts. It discusses Niccolò ‘Parthenius’ Giannettasio, an Italian Jesuit who, in spite of his admiration of Rapin, Fracastoro, and other French Jesuit contemporaries, opted to write Latin didactic poetry in a Neopolitan setting. The chapter also discusses Tommaso Strozzi, another Neopolitan Jesuit, who took inspiration from Girolamo Fracastoro's Syphlis. Fracastoro, who was the most famous Renaissance successor of Pontano, had a profound influence on the georgic poetry of his Tommaso, particularly his Praedium rusticum. The chapter also discusses Francesco Eulalio Savastano, a Neopolitan Jesuit didactic poet. His poems were a hybrid of French Jesuit and native Italian strains of neo-Latin georgic. Compared to Rapin and his Neopolitan colleagues, Savastano produced a didactic poem of more ambitious scientific pretensions. His Botanicorium, seu Institutionum rei herbariae libri iv sought to surpass the didactic poetry of Rapin. His Botanicorium was the harbinger of the more self-consciously difficult scientific poetry of the Jesuits working in Rome. It looks not only to Lucretius, Fracastoro, and Virgil but also to rivals such as Giannettasio and, above all, Rapin. This attempt to produce a scholarly difficult poetry was an opportunity for poetic, as well as competitive, display.

Abstract This chapter highlights how the moral assessment of crying typical of the seventeenth century led to a profound reformulation of the physiological explanation for tears, carried out within the humoral paradigm as proposed by Hippocrates and revisited by Galen. Galen’s fundamental contribution consists in proposing an emotional therapy that is not only medical but also philosophical: man, naturally humoral and therefore unable to realize the ideal of apathy, can achieve a balance between passions and virtues only by acting on both the will and the body. As a paradigmatic example of the revival of the Galenic doctrine of temperament, the chapter then analyses the ‘masks’ of Democritus and Heraclitus, popular incarnations of two visions of reality that correspond to laughter and tears, respectively, showing how these two emotions—formerly seen as rivals—were considered sympathetic in the seventeenth century. The figures of Democritus and Heraclitus are also used in the investigation of the role of emotions in the diagnosis and treatment of melancholy, the humoral disease par excellence. The last section of the chapter explores the first text dedicated exclusively to systematically analysing the physiological-moral value of tears: De lacrymis libri tres, published in 1661 by Pierre Petit. A physician, Petit realized that physiology is not sufficient to explain emotional tears and, although without yet having adequate conceptual tools, sought to combine medical-scientific investigation with philosophical and classical literary culture.

Two natural gas small-scale trigeneration plants are presented in the paper. Both plants are going to be started-up at the Politecnico di Torino (Turin, Italy) and are part of a new cogeneration and trigeneration systems laboratory, which is going to be setup and exploited for scientific and technical purposes. The first plant has 126/220/210 kW electrical, heating and cooling capacities, respectively, and is characterized by an innovative internal combustion engine that has been coupled to a liquid LiCl-water desiccant cooling system, which provides cooled and dehumidified air to a classroom building. The other plant has 100/145/98 kW electrical, heating and cooling capacities and is composed of a natural gas micro gas turbine, coupled to a LiBr-Water absorption chiller, which provides cooled water to the internal cooling grid at the Politecnico. The paper has the aim of comparing the performances of the two plants from an energetic and economic point of view; the Primary Energy Savings are calculated through different methodologies reported in literature for both installations, and the results are compared and discussed. A comparison of the economic performance offered by the two plants is also reported, together with a sensitivity analysis on the influence of subsidies foreseen by Italian Legislation on economic profitability.

A 16 kW (4.6 refrigerant tons) steam driven, double effect, parallel flow absorption chiller has been designed, manufactured, and installed in the Intelligent Workplace (IW) of Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). This chiller is driven by 6 bar saturated steam and uses a 57% LiBr-H2O sorbent. It is the smallest absorption chiller available in the existing market. The absorption chiller consists of five major and four minor heat transfer components. The manufacturer of the chiller has provided information on detailed configuration and dimensions of these components to support the calculation of their heat transfer areas, A’s, and the estimation of overall heat transfer coefficients, U’s. A steady state computational performance model for the chiller has been developed based on the applicable scientific and engineering principles. The model has been used to calculate all chiller internal working conditions and to analyze the experimental data over a wide range of operating conditions. Heat transfer coefficients inside and outside of the tubes making up the chiller’s heat transfer components have been estimated by published empirical correlations. The product of the overall heat transfer coefficient and the surface contact area, UA’s, for the 5 major heat transfer components have been estimated using the chiller model and measured performance data. Significant variations, 30%, in this parameter are observed under partial load, reduced flow conditions. Deviations between the experimental measurements and the model solutions have been analyzed to evaluate the model accuracy. At design operating conditions, the overall deviation is about 6%.

The Global Satellite Tracking Initiative aims to support international students and young professionals to set up ground stations to download real-time data and images from satellites orbiting above their regions. The objective is to empower and build capabilities among space enthusiasts around the world and to promote the space sector through hands-on activities and real space technologies related to satellite communications. The Space Generation Advisory Council, together with SatNOGS as an integral part of the Libre Space Foundation, have been supporting the initiative to enhance the development of a global open source network of satellite ground stations. The initiative will be providing all the resources, hardware, and know-how that is needed to set up ground stations. A competition was launched by the end of 2021 to select teams of space enthusiasts and supply them with a kit and step-by-step instructions on how to build their own ground stations. By setting up ground stations in backyards, local universities, or maker clubs, teams are not only self-learning about telecommunications and satellite technologies, but they are creating a meaningful impact in their local communities by bringing the broad society closer to science, technology, engineering, mathematics and, in particular, space. The initiative also intends to support space missions while engaging local communities from different regions around the world in the space sector through appealing imagery and tools. After closing the Call for Applications in this pilot initiative, 10 winning teams were selected upon receiving almost 200 applications from more than 60 countries. The selected winners are based in the following emerging space faring nations: Benin, Bolivia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Nepal, Peru, Philippines, Rwanda, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe. They are being supplied with a basic Ground Station Kit and instructions on how to receive live images and data from different space missions, starting with the following frequency bands: - 137 megahertz: To receive images from National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration satellites. - 144-146 megahertz: To receive images and data from the International Space Station. - 440 megahertz: To receive data from numerous scientific and educational small satellites. Those teams that manage to set up the basic ground station kits and conduct some outreach and educational activities will receive a more advanced system. This paper captures the process to be followed by the selected teams, from the unboxing of the hardware to the reception and processing of data from operational space missions.