Tesis sobre el tema "Lexiques sémantiques"
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Claveau, Vincent. "Acquisition automatique de lexiques sémantiques pour la recherche d'information". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524646.
Texto completoAlsmadi, Ayman. "Organisation sémantique du lexique verbal via la relation de troponymie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0006.
Texto completoThe purpose of this research is to explore the categorization of the verbal lexicon by focusing on the relations of troponymy, a notion which is not very known or referred to in the literature of lexicology, although it helps to structure the verbal lexicon hierarchically. Verbs of Killing present an interesting case due to their number and multiplication, but also because they are little or not yet studied. The researcher will study written performances of Jordanians studying French as a foreign language at the university level. The researcher defends a position which questions the term" lexical error" among the Jordanian learners of French. Since the language they speak is a particular type of "idiosyncratic dialects", we propose an approach that could be defined in terms of communication strategies, by focusing on the use of verbs having co-troponymy relations, intra and inter areas, resulting from the associative and flexible nature of the verbal lexicon. To do this, we handle the production of unconventional statements, which means "false", in which verbs have a relationship of (co)-troponymy in terms of "degrees of truth", according to the conversational maxim of quality in P. Grice 1975
Alsmadi, Ayman. "Organisation sémantique du lexique verbal via la relation de troponymie". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0006.
Texto completoThe purpose of this research is to explore the categorization of the verbal lexicon by focusing on the relations of troponymy, a notion which is not very known or referred to in the literature of lexicology, although it helps to structure the verbal lexicon hierarchically. Verbs of Killing present an interesting case due to their number and multiplication, but also because they are little or not yet studied. The researcher will study written performances of Jordanians studying French as a foreign language at the university level. The researcher defends a position which questions the term" lexical error" among the Jordanian learners of French. Since the language they speak is a particular type of "idiosyncratic dialects", we propose an approach that could be defined in terms of communication strategies, by focusing on the use of verbs having co-troponymy relations, intra and inter areas, resulting from the associative and flexible nature of the verbal lexicon. To do this, we handle the production of unconventional statements, which means "false", in which verbs have a relationship of (co)-troponymy in terms of "degrees of truth", according to the conversational maxim of quality in P. Grice 1975
Scarlat, Carmen. "Analyse étymologique, sémantique et cognitive des désignations de la flore sauvage en roumain". Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE39053.
Texto completoZervakis, Georgios. "Enriching large language models with semantic lexicons and analogies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0039.
Texto completoRecent advances in deep learning and neural networks have made it possible to address complex natural language processing tasks, which find application in a plethora of real-world problems ranging from smart assistants in mobile devices to the prediction of cancer. Nonetheless, modern systems based on these frameworks exhibit various limitations that may compromise their performance and trustworthiness, render them unfair towards minorities, or subject them to privacy leakage. It is our belief that integrating symbolic knowledge and reasoning into the deep learning framework is a necessary step towards addressing the aforementioned limitations. For example, lexical resources can enrich deep neural networks with semantic or syntactic knowledge, and logical rules can provide learning and reasoning mechanisms. Therefore, the scope of this thesis is to develop and evaluate ways of integrating different types of symbolic knowledge and reasoning into a widely used language model, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). ln a first stage, we consider retrofitting, a simple and popular technique for refining distributional word embeddings based on relations coming from a semantic lexicon. Inspired by this technique, we present two methods for incorporating this knowledge into BERT contextualized embeddings. We evaluate these methods on three biomedical datasets for relation extraction and one movie review dataset for sentiment analysis, and show that they do not substantially impact the performance for these tasks. Furthermore, we conduct a qualitative analysis to provide further insights on this negative result. ln a second stage, we integrate analogical reasoning with BERT as a means to improve its performance on the target sense verification task, and make it more robust. To do so, we reformulate target sense verification as an analogy detection task. We present a hybrid model that combines BERT to encode the input data into quadruples and a convolutional neural classifier to decide whether they constitute valid analogies. We test our system on a benchmark dataset, and show that it can outperform existing approaches. Our empirical study shows the importance of the input encoding for BERT, and how this dependence gets alleviated by integrating the axiomatic properties of analogies during training, while preserving performance and improving robustness
Lafourcade, Mathieu. "Lexique et analyse sémantique de textes - structures, acquisitions, calculs, et jeux de mots". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649851.
Texto completoJagielska, Dominika. "Structuration sémantique du lexique des verbes en polonais et français langue étrangère". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00674928.
Texto completoAlario, François-Xavier. "Aspects sémantiques et syntaxiques de l'accès au lexique lors de la production de parole". Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0080.
Texto completoAbdellatif, Najid. "Etude sémantique du lexique de la poésie de François Maynard (Recueil de 1646)". Toulouse 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU20019.
Texto completoCervinka, Bernadette. "Le lexique du créole de Guadeloupe : héritage, créativité, prédictibilité". Antilles-Guyane, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AGUY0002.
Texto completoThis lexicographical research was carried out both on the basis of secondary source material and on field work. I was able to bring together material which will form part of other on-going lexicographical studies and which are also intended to illustrate an analysis of the mechanisms underlying the creole lexicon. The first volume deals with the mechanisms and this leads to the study of the problem of the inherited stock vis a vis the imported but integrated vocabulary. The creole language has introduced a series of morphophonemic and semantic changes on the lexical items taken from the source language and has created new bases for the continued developpement of its lexicon. Semantic analysis has not been fully treated. The processes which are presented in the first volume have exposed the different bases for the construction of the lexicon, i. E. General derivational processes (affixation an compounding), which are examined in the second volume (ii : creativity). Although it is generally believed that, unlike compounding, affixation is unproductive in the creole lexicon, I have tried to show that it is very active. I was most interested in discovering regularities which allow the formulation of derivational rules. Above all, it was important for me to deal with the question of "common usage" versus "archaisms", including the interplay of "new" versus "obsolete" attested
Sébillot, Pascale. "Apprentissage sur corpus de relations lexicales sémantiques - La linguistique et l'apprentissage au service d'applications du traitement automatique des langues". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00533657.
Texto completoLasserre, Marine. "De l'intrusion d'un lexique allogène : l'exemple des éléments néoclassiques". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20012/document.
Texto completoSuch elements as those borrowed from Ancient Greek or Latin, which enter into so-called neoclassical compounds, are often, in the literature, grouped together in a unique class of elements. This dissertation focuses on formations that involve eleven French final elements logie, logue¬, cratie, crate, phobie, phobe, phone, phage, vore, cide and cole. In French, those constructions generatelarge sets of lexemes and appear to be available for lexical creation aside from learned vocabulary. The study of these elements is conducted within the framework of Constructed Morphology (Booij 2010). A database, called NεoClassy, was built in order to analyse these elements. It gathers the lexemes, formed with these final elements, which were collected in dictionaries and on the Web. The analyses that were conducted on this database have brought morpho-phonological, semantic and lexical constraints to light. A distributional analysis has also shown that some neoclassical constructions from NεoClassy and derivates have a similar behaviour. The schemas that involve final neoclassical elements and those in which native final elements are specified are integrated in a same model, on the basis of phonological, semantic and lexical criteria. Neoclassical elements do not constitute a homogeneous class: some are considered as suppletive stems of lexemes when others have a similar behaviour to that of affixes
Lautenbacher, Olli-Philippe. "Les fondements perceptuels de la production de sens dans le lexique generatif". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR20018.
Texto completoFarge, Sylvain. "Le lexique des verbes d'expérience visuelle en allemand". Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30053.
Texto completoThe semasiological analysis of german verbs of vision consisting in checking which constructions they accept or not shows that : they are divided into two categories : the ones present the process from the perspective of the perceiving subject (sehen. . . ) and the others in that of the perceived object (leuchten. . . ), the main verbs form pairs based on these perspectives : sehen/leuchten (bilateral relationship), schauen/scheinen (relationship of tension), gucken/strahlen (activity of an only element), blicken/glänzen (an activity depending upon an external factor to develop), the semanticism of each verb is based on a previsional scheme, a structure that makes it possible to foresee which constructions are accepted and which are not. The structure of the field rises out of the relationship between schemes. This essay offers new ways to the analysis of polysemy and could be highly profitable for cognitive linguists eager to root the analysis of language in the experience of the world
Kervio-Berthou, Valérie. "Insertion des mots d'origine étrangère dans le lexique allemand contemporain". Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT3032.
Texto completoJmai͏̈el, Fekri. "Les verbes de mouvement anglais : une approche sémantique". Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39025.
Texto completoThe present study is an attempt to explore the possibility of analysing the meaning of motion verbs in contemporary english, and to illustrate one approach to the realization of this possibility. Specifically, its purpose is threefold. First, it is an attempt to demonstrate that an analysis of meaning, such as the one that has successfully been applied to kinship terminology, is also possible for other types of vocabulary. Second, it is meant to show some methodological implications of such an approach for the treatment of certain linguistic problems such as 'synonymy', 'hyponymy', 'metaphor' and 'phonaesthesia'. Third, the study is also an attempt to characterize, in the light of recent developments on the subject, the nature of difficulties, theoretical and methodological, raised by such an analysis. The thesis is made up of two main part. Part one is concerned with theoretical problems and is divited into two chapters. The first chapter is a survey of various approaches to the study of meaning. The secon chapter is an attempt to evaluate those approaches through a discussion of some descriptive problems in the light of recent developments on the subject. Part two deals with a practical problem of analysing some verbs of motion in contemporary english. In the first chapter, other studies on ensligh motion verbs are examined. The second chapter is concerned with methodological considerations. First, verbs of motion are defined and the corpus is delimited. Then, explanations about the method adopted in this study are given. This is followed, in chapter three, by a detailed analysis of the motion verbs included in the corpus. In chapter four, the
Jevodan, Françoise. "Le lexique grec de la lumière et de l'ombre dans les textes du Nouveau Testament". Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100101.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is the study of words belonging to the field of light and darkness in the texts of the Greek New Testament: Gospels. Acts of the Apostles. Epistles and the Book of revelation. It is based on a componential analysis of words. Particularly on François Rastier's writings. Words are grouped in parts called "taxemes" sharing some generic semes. In the same, in each group,. Words are distinguished as precisely as possible according to the context where they are used : we find specific semes. Beginning from words meaning "lamps" and those dealing with sky light. We then study the use of words and its antonym. The last part deals with words linked with other tields: time. Transparency and opaqueness. Colours and precious materials. Proposing some new translations. Based on precise analysis of each example of the words, this semantic study leads to a large perspective about how the source text of Christian religion considers light and darkness. It may enlarge the debate of commentators of the New Testament
Bouyer, Emmanuel. "Quel lexique pour résoudre les références dans un dialogue homme-machine ?" Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10179.
Texto completoElie-Deschamps, Juliette. "Structuration du lexique, énoncés non conventionnels et flexibilité sémantique : étude exploratoire dans les troubles envahissants du développement". Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20055.
Texto completoOur study focuses on non-conventional linguistic formulations and more specifically on semantic verbal approximations which both are disclosing a capacity of structuring the verbs' lexicon by semantic proximity and displaying a certain cognitive flexibility which consists in linking two elements belonging to distinct domains. We noticed, when concentrating on one typical child, an important production of this kind of utterances: the child is likely to say « I'm undressing the orange » in order to denominate the action of peeling an orange. Studying these non-conventional utterances, on the one hand when development is normal, and on the other hand when it is pathological (PDDs), means focusing on the actual understanding and not venturing beyond the nominal frame. Our investigation intends to check whether the lexical rigidity demonstrated by children with Asperger's syndrome continues to show itself at the age of 6 on average and manifests itself through some poor production of semantic approximations when compared with typical children and children with high-functioning autism. To do that, we submitted, to 30 typical children, 9 children with Asperger's syndrome and 21 children with high-functioning autism, an exercise consisting in naming and reformulating some actions based on 17 videos actually showing these actions. The results we achieved are not in favor of a significant difference in terms of semantic approximations but are highlighting some patterns clearly specific to Asperger's syndrome, in particular when it comes to reformulating
Barreto-Martins, dos Santos Pricilla. "Le rôle des informations phonologiques du contexte linguistique dans l'étude du lexique mental bilingue français/portugais". Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30089.
Texto completoThe general hypothesis of this research is that the phonological information of the linguistic context favors the access of the words in memory that are similair to the linguistic context. As a consequence, these informations must be taken in consideration in the study of the bilingual mental lexicon. To test this hypothesis, two great groups of experiences has been realized. (1) In a first group, the experiences has been realized in France with French-Portuguese bilinguals with Portuguese as their mother tonge ; (2) In a second group, the experiences has been realized in Brazil with French-Portuguese bilinguals with French as their mother tonge. Each group contains two series of experiences: an inter group and an intra group. Each serie is composed of two lexical decision tasks: one relative to the homographic and one to the orthographic neighbors. These two types of words has been chosen because they are phonologically very close or identical in the two languages. This research shows, in the experiences done in France that an influence of the phonological information of the linguistic context exists in the Inter group situation. This means, that the words in the linguistic context, (in this case French L2 words, has been recognized more quickly than the words of the participant´s native language, (L1 Portuguese). Moreover, the results shows that the words most similair to the linguistic context, in this case the specific words, has been recognized more quickly than the words phonologically similair in the two languages (homografic and orthographic neighbor). However, we didn´t observe the same results in the intra group condition; in the experiences realized in Brazil, we didn’t observe an influence of the linguistic context in any of the experimental conditions (Inter and intra group). When the participants are in contact with the two languages (in the intra group condition), we observed that L1< L2, a classical result. But, when the participants are in a monolingue situation, as for example the Inter group experiences in France, we observe that L2< L1. In the Inter group experiences in Brazil these results aren’t found, because the participants aren’t in total monolingual situation. All these results indicate an influence of the phonological information of the linguistic context in bilingual lexicon and indicates that the lexicons of the two languages are linked
Liere, Audrey. "Entre lexique et grammaire : les périphrases verbales du Français". Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00872100.
Texto completoGardye, Frédérique. "Architecture structurale et fonctionnelle du lexique mental : les mots ambigus". Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20116.
Texto completoCappelli, Fabien. "Etude du mouvement fictif à travers un corpus d'exemples du français : perspective sémantique du lexique au discours". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU20135/document.
Texto completoThe term “fictive motion” refers to the uses of verbs of motion which describe a static space configuration. This topic has thus far not been addressed systematically on empirical data, and its study was restricted to the sentence level. Basing our work on the verb lists of the Lexique-Grammaire, on the Frantext database, and on the theoretical framework proposed by Aurnague (2011b) on the semantics of motion verbs, I have extracted up to 600 instances of verb use coded as fictive motion, in discourse, in order to understand the mechanisms and motivations of such constructions.This thesis attempts to go beyond proposed distinctions between Path and Manner, or explanations based on the shape of entities, or even constraints blocking fictive motion uses. Our results highlight the importance of the Mode of discourse, stress the need for a framework in space semantics which relies on functional properties, rather than plain geometry, and advocates an approach based on the structure and the configuration between several entities.Besides, this thesis provides a classification, intended to be complete, of motion verbs in French, which elaborates on the notions of change of location and basic locative relation ; it also makes available a significant corpus of « fictive motion » verb uses for further linguistic studies.This thesis introduces several in-depth studies and paves the way for a new understanding of the ''figurative'' use of motion verbs
Abbes, Ramzi. "La Conception et la réalisation d'un concordancier électronique pour l'arabe". Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0088/these.pdf.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we are approaching the realization of the electronic concordance for the Arabic language, from the point of view of the automatic treatment of the language. The organisation of the text in lists of words, the contexts and the frequencies which aroused the interest of the researchers in information sciences, in indexing, in lexicography, in didactic, in dictionaries, in stylistics…. . The classical methods of surface search (KWIC) used for the realization of the concordance did not give satisfactory results for the Arabic language. Our Semitic language is highly inflected, aggluinative and not-vocalized, it contains complex graphic forms remains silent in the surfaces searches. Morpho-syntaxe analyse (MA) was used for the distinction of the words in their contexts and to offer new criteria for the organisation and the exploration of the index. But before that, we must define a lexicon for the Arabic ATL, the asymmetry between the generation and the analyses of Arabic words prohibit direct using of traditional dictionnaries ans makes it necessary to associate lexical entries with a set of morph-syntactics specifiers, which has been completed in DINAR. 1 “DIctionnaire INformatisé de l’Arabe version 1” “Computerized Dictionary for Arabic version. 1” and in the analyzers and generators developped on the basis of the SAMIA model “Synthèse et Analyse Morphologique Informatisées de l’Arabe” " Computerized Morphological Synthesis and Analyses for the Arabic" among with an AraMorph analyser. With the ambiguity in the Arab language, an automatic concordancer must answer several heuristics to reduce the multiplicity of solutions and must remain interactive and assist the inevitable expert intervention. This thesis consiss of a collection of original resources for the Arabic ATL ; a lists of the Arab particles and their matrix compatibilities, a list of frequent terms with roots for psycholinguistic and direct application of concordance for a corpus study of contemporary journalistic
Abualasal, Jaber. "Le passage du lexique courant à la terminologie de la macroéconomie : faits sémantiques et conceptuels : (étude trilingue arabe - français - anglais)". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2005.
Texto completoIn this trilingual study, we discuss the passage of a linguistic sign from the current lexicon to the terminology of macroeconomics. Indeed, the semantics of a linguistic sign in the current lexicon and in terminology seem, at first sight, identical. Nevertheless, it is only a detailed analysis, semantic differences begin to emerge. We propose methods in order to analyze the different semantic features of a linguistic sign as it passes from the current lexicon to the terminology of macroeconomics.As for compound terms, we only deal with terms composed of two elements. The treatment begins with the base element according to categories and subcategories based on the general semantic features or on the origin of the base element. In addition, we divide the compound terms by using models based on the syntactic structure. Thus, a chapter is devoted to the treatment of compound terms composed of a noun and an adjective and another is dedicated to the treatment of compound terms composed of tow nouns. The different structure of compound terms encourages us to approach them differently. To explain this, we note that the base element, in compound N1-A1, tends to associate with an adjective in a preferential or obligatory way. Thus, we use the concept of "polarization" to deal with the behavior of compound terms N1-A1 where the base element polarizes the associated adjectives. On the other hand, the compound terms N1-N2 undergoes a kind of dilution where the basic element can be replaced by a synonym without changing concept. Moreover, the compound N1-N2 can change its structure without changing its concept. So we use the term "dilution" to describe this behavior.On the other hand, we offer some analysis to understand the semantics of the genitive case regarding the compound terms in Arabic N1-N2. To do this, we replace the genitive case by prepositional phrases to clarify the semantics of the structure of annexation. This also allows making a semantic categorization for the genitive case
Bondéelle, Olivier. "Polysémie et structuration du lexique : le cas du Wolof". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100058/document.
Texto completoEmphasizing on the key role of polysemy in forming the lexicon is the main goal to be achieved in this dissertation paper. The paper suggests a qualitative evaluation of polysemy in comparing it with other relations that form the lexicon. The research confirms that the polysemic links must not be modeled independently from derivative links or conversational links. This evaluation leads us to reveal that the boundary between polysemy and conversation is porous. The properties of analogy has been used to compare the relations, which is well adapted in characterizing the links between the relations. They are the links that connect lexis which form the objects of a comparison. A polysemic link is a link by which two lexis are connected to each other in a polysemic relation. This link can be compared to a link that connects two other lexis in a conversional relation. In this paper, Wolof, an Atlantic language in West-Africa, is studied. This language provides a fertile breeding ground for our explorations. A large scale of different morphological processes form the lexicon (like suffix derivation, derivations from consonant alternation and conversion by changes in nominal class morphemes).The descriptive contribution of this research is to explore the semantic fields of artifacts and emotions in Wolof lexicon. These fields have never been described in an African language taking the lexicon formation into consideration.The methodology applied here is to describe both the meanings of the lexical units and the semantic links by which they are connected by a unique metalanguage. That unique metalanguage is called the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM), which is applied here to Wolof
Lefeuvre, Anais. "Sémantique des temps du français : une formalisation compositionnelle". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0065/document.
Texto completoThis work has been lead in the frame of the ITIPY project which goal was to automatically extract itineraries from travel novels from the XIX th century and from the beginning of the XX th. Our thesis work is close to the text understanding task in the information retrieval field and we aim at building a representation of meaning of linguistic utterances, leaning on the compositionnality principle. More precisely, the itinerary extraction supposes to temporally represent displacement and localization events or states (that we actually call eventualities) of a traveler as far as we understand it through discourse. Working on an automatic parser for syntax (in categorial grammars) and semantics (in λ-DRT), we focused on the building of an semantic lexicon for tense in French. We actually characterized our corpora as a sample of French language, by the means of a quantitative and qualitative analysis as well as a study of the internal structure of this genre. The main contribution of this work deals with tense and aspect semantic processing of the event expressed by tensed verbs, and with its modelling. In this respect, we propose an adaptation and an extension for French from XIX th century to nowadays of a lexicon originally produced to deal with English verbs. This formalisation is operational, for it is defined in λ-calculus which composition and réduction, already implemented, calculate automatically semantics représentations, high order logic formulas. Transition from a single event uterrance to a whole discourse which contains a complex referential network is discussed and allows us to define the limits of this hereby work
Fabre, Cécile. "Affinités syntaxiques et sémantiques entre mots : apports mutuels de la linguistique et du TAL". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00552097.
Texto completoMery, Bruno. "Modélisation de la Sémantique Lexicale dans le cadre de la théorie des types". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00627432.
Texto completoChmelik, Erzsébet. "L' idéologie dans les mots : contribution à une description topique du lexique justifée par des tests sémantiques : application à la langue hongroise". Limoges, 2007. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/807dc195-e584-458f-a2b4-afde6ffd6a6f/blobholder:0/2007LIMO2008.pdf.
Texto completoChalendar, Gaël de. "SVETLAN', un système de structuration du lexique guidé par la détermination automatique du contexte thématique". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112258.
Texto completoSemantic knowledge is mandatory for Natural Language Processing. Unfortunately, classifications that have universal goals are an utopia. There exists systems that extracts semantic knowledge from specialized texts but it is well known that it is not possible to do such an extraction from texts said to be of "general" language. The goal of this doctoral dissertation is to show that this idea is false. We show that a thematic analysis of non-specialized texts (newspapers, newswires or HTML pages gathered from the Web) usually allows to reduce the problem to a classical one where the analysis of a technical corpus is done, but where the human interventions are limited. With our approach, the theme of text segments is detected by the statistical analysis of word distributions, designed notions of similarity and aggregation. They allow to aggregate the words of similar segments to build thematic domains where higher weighted words describe the theme. We then group the words that appear as the same argument of the same verb in the various text segments belonging to a theme. That forms classes of words. We have implemented our model in a system called SVETLAN' which has been tested on several French and English million words corpus. The empirical analysis of the results shows that, as anticipated, words are usually in a strong mutual semantic relation in the classes that are obtained, in the context determined by the theme. Human judgment of word classes is not very consistent. So, we indirectly validate the semantic knowledge obtained by SVETLAN' in using it in a request expansion task in order to improve the results of a natural language question answering system
Louis, François. "Étude sémantique et lexico-combinatoire de lexèmes du champ sémantique de la santé en breton vannetais dans le cadre de la théorie linguistique Sens-Texte". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20038/document.
Texto completoThe thesis offers a first-start study of the semantic field of health in the vannetais variety of Breton, based both on a corpus of literary Breton from the Vannes region and a corpus of oral Breton collected from traditional speakers in the Pontivy area. Lexicographic description of lexical units from that semantic field is embedded in the Meaning-Text linguistic theory. An overview of the theory, in particular it’s lexicological branch, the Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology is given, followed by a detailed description of the lexical and syntactic co-occurrence of nouns denoting physiological disorders, illnesses and diseases. Such a description has required lexemization of vocables (= discrimination of different word-senses of polysemous words) to which belong basic lexemes of this semantic field: DROUG ‘≈ physiological disorder’, KLEÑVED ‘disease’, KLAÑV ‘ill / sick’, KLEÑVEDET lit. ‘made.ill’ = ‘having an illness’, YAC’H ‘healthy’, YEC’HED ‘health’ and AESAAT ‘to cure / heal’. These lexemes have been given a detailed lexicographic description. The thesis represents the very first attempt at applying a clear, coherent and descriptively powerful lexicographic methodology to Breton data. In addition, it makes available to the scientific community a corpus of oral Breton of about a half million words
Nikolenko, Viktoriya. "Le cinétisme de la signification lexicale dans la zone sémantique de l'axiologique : le cas du lexique dans l'enseignement du FLE en France". Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3019.
Texto completoThis study has a double objective. Within the context of analytical didactics and using the texts of FFL textbooks as our corpus this study is an analysis of different lexical significations as presented in the textbooks and of the importance of the texts in the textbooks for lexis learning. In the context of theoretical semantics, this study proposes several hypotheses on the cinetism of lexical meaning. The acquisition of the lexis first implies a training in lexical competency. One of the components of this competence is a semantic competence including knowing about the argumentative potential of the words. Taking the model of the Semantics of Argumentative Probabilities (ASP) [O Galatanu], we have tried to study the transformation of the lexical meaning and its continuous reconstruction through the semantic and discursive mechanisms, i. E. Cinetism, from the texts of FFL textbooks. We have proposed hypotheses about the elements activating the cinetism, distinguishing between the activators, which can be internal as well as external to the meaning of the word, and underlining the role of the modalisation in the process of the cinetism of the meaning of words that are categorized as being from the axiological semantic zone. The analysis of the meaning of science and search and the identification of the values added to the meaning of the words by the context allows us to confirm our hypothesis about the role of the modalisation and of the context, notably of the theme of the texts
Diab, Duranton Salam. "Phonétique et sémantique dans le lexique de l'arabe : le "'Ibdal" dans la tradition grammaticale arabe, l'étude de la matrice {[coronal], [dorsal]}". Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ENSF0061.
Texto completoLa thèse s’articule en deux grandes parties : une historique et l’autre théorique. La première propose une étude du ’ibdāl par l’analyse de quelques ouvrages repères. Quatre savants arabes y sont étudiés : Ibn al-Sikkīt, Al-Zajjājī, Abū al-Ṭayyib al-Luġawī et Ibn Jinnī dont les œuvres sont les plus importantes dans le domaine concerné. Nous y examinons la manière dont les lexicographes et grammairiens ont, dans le cadre de la tradition grammaticale arabe, appréhendé les similitudes phonétiques et sémantiques présentes dans le lexique de l’arabe et désignées sous le nom de : ’ibdāl. La seconde partie se veut une contribution à la théorie des matrices et étymons (TME) élaborée par Bohas. Notre contribution consiste dans l’étude de la matrice {[coronal], [dorsal]} qui présente un corpus lexical conséquent. Nous nous attachons à montrer que le sens s’articule en une matrice de traits (macro-signifiant) associée à un macro-signifié. Nous étudions également les relations de polysémie, d’homonymie ou d’énantiosémie présentes au sein d’une même entrée lexicale, en établissant la typologie de ces combinaisons sémantiques issues du croisement des étymons
Bachmar, Karim. "Les quadriconsonantiques dans le lexique de l'arabe". Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672544.
Texto completoZouaidi, Safa. "La combinatoire des verbes d'affect : analyse sémantique, syntaxique et discursive français-arabe". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL028/document.
Texto completoThe paramount stake of this research is to achieve an integrative functional model for the analysis of affective verbs in French and Arabic. I have chosen four affective verbs: two verbs of emotion (to astonish and to rage in French and their equivalent in Arabic) and two verbs of sentiment (to admire and to envy in French and their equivalent [ʔadhaʃa], [ʔaɣḍaba] in Arabic) they belong to semantic dictions of Surprise, Anger, Admiration, and Jealousy. More concretely, the analysis is shaped:- On the semantic and syntactic level: the semantic dimensions carried by verbal collocations such as to extremely astonish, to rage prodigiously in French, and [ʔaʕʒaba ʔiʕʒāban kabīran] (admire admiration big)*, [ɣaḍaba ɣaḍabaan ʃadīdan] (to rage rage extreme), and in Arabic are systematically linked to syntax (the recurrent grammatical constructions) (Hoey 2005).- On the syntactic and discursive level: the usage of passive, active and reflexive forms of affective verbs are dealt with from the perspective of informational dynamics in the sentence. (Van Valin et LaPolla 1997).From a methodological point of view, the study is based on the quantitative and qualitative approach of the verbal combination and favours the contrastive one. It is founded on the French journalistic corpus of Emobase Database (Emolex project 100 M of words) and the journalistic corpus Arabicorpus) (137 M of words).Furthermore, the thesis participates in the studies of semantic values, the syntactic and the discursive behavior of affective verbs’combinations, in Arabic and in French, which will enable to better structure the diction of emotions in relation to what is proposed by current studies in lexicography. The main results of the study can be applied in language teaching, translation, and automated processing of emotions' lexicon in the two compared languages
Heranic, Tracy. "La travail c'est la santé mais la paresse ne tue pas : construction du sens discursif du lexique, etude comparative anglais américain et français". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2059/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation examines the construction of meaning and the crosslinguistic influence on the representation of the lexical signification and discursive meaning of the words work and travail. This study is based on definitional discourse and significations such as they are proposed by speakers articulating their metalinguistic semantic knowledge in the context of experimental research. The cultural concept of work is analysed by using Galatanu’s theoretical framework The Semantics of Argumentative Possibilities (SAP). A French/English constractive study allowed us to determine the similarities as well as the differences between the representations of the lexical signification and discursive meaning of the words “work” and “travail” proposed by four groups of speakers. Each group of speakers having its own linguistic profile (two groups of monolingual speakers – Francophone and Anglophone, one group of bilingual speakers whose native language is French and who speak English, and one group of bilingual speakers whose native language is English and who speak French) presents the opportunity to not only compare the variations between the representations of the lexical signification and discursive meaning of the words “work” and “travail”, but also to take note of the potential influence that competence in a foreign language can have on these representations. The second part of this dissertation includes an analysis of the representation of the insult loser as used in the United States. Inspired by the presence of an element linking work and said insult, the choice to present loser lends itself to exhibiting the discursive mobilisation of the social values instilled in the words work and loser
Courbon, Bruno. "Étude sémantique des mots "chance", "fortune", "hasard" et "risque" du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : perspectives sur le lexique du français et ses usages". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20041.
Texto completoThe present study deals with the way in which the lexical field regrouping the words “chance”, “fortune”, “hazard” and “risqué” has been structured in the French language from the eighteenth century till the present day. Revealing major changes in western societies during this period of time, the field, which corresponds to the linguistic representation of the notion of fortune / hasard, presents a certain coherence.We have examined these words and their derived forms through the display, regulation, and distribution of norms of use, not only in Hexagonal French, but also in Quebec French. Two types of corpora have been analysed. On the one hand, a corpus of articles from around 50 dictionaries has been used to emphasize the lexical and semantic productivity of the different units on a large historical scale. On the other hand, in revealing context types, a set of texts reflecting French language varieties has allowed for carrying out a diachronic analysis of lexical uses. The continuist approach to semantic differences rests upon a frequential representation of semantic changes.The thesis brings a significant contribution to the question of usage variations and semantic change, providing new perspectives. It first deals with theory and methodology of lexical description, considered through the analysis of the nature and the role of corpora. It then evidences the central role of syntagmatic structures in the setting of new semantic uses. The study has finally put into relation semantic changes with their historical background and the collective representations of the time
Ovtchinnikova, Ekaterina. "Les mots de la cuisine : lexique de la cuisine familiale dans les parlers d'oc : problèmes de sémantique, d'étymologie et de géographie linguistique : thèse". Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE2006.
Texto completoMany studies are dedicated to food description of alimentary and culinary practice. But the approach, here, is related to linguistics. Cooking is seen through words, their inner motives which laid to their creation, their conventionalism bearing in mind their abitrary character. The word as a reference is caracterized by its uncertainty and by its unstable representation. Both objectivity and subjectivity are mixed up together in these preparations which are both natural and artificial once. They belong to a field in which pecularities can be expressed easily and in which unconscioussnes is concerned. All the ingredients are intermingled in order to show how a language takes a hold of this changing though visible dough by giving it a name. This dough will then allow etymological explanations by using recurrent motives and images
Ben, Achour Riadh. "De la sémantique textuelle en arabe : cohésion discursive et sens lexical". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20014.
Texto completoThis work falls within the general framework of developing a working methodology for processing lexical meaning within a text. It seeks to apply François Rastier’s theory of interpretive semantics to Arabic texts and utterances. The thesis starts with a survey of the state of the text in both traditional Arabic thinking and modern linguistics. Such a survey reveals the key factors that have brought the textual level to the fore, in modern linguistics on the one hand, and Arabic traditional grammar, rhetoric and exegetics on the other hand. This study seeks to apply Rastier’s notion of interpretive semantics to texts and examples in Arabic. The overall objective of this close textual approach is to highlight the fundamental role of semantic analysis, semantic isotopy, context and the current social practices in assigning lexical meaning. The thesis attempts also to show the shortcomings of textual models offered by two semantic approaches, namely the formal (truth-conditional) and the cognitive approaches; in order to highlight the pertinence of Rastier’s model within a structural semantic approach to Arabic texts
Venant, Fabienne. "Représentation et calcul dynamique du sens : exploration du lexique adjectival du français". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00067902.
Texto completoNore, Françoise. "Morphologie dérivationnelle et diachronie : étude de deux recueils argotiques des XVIe et XVIIe siècles : application au lexique construit contemporain". Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100020.
Texto completoThe study examines first certain operators used in the creation of slang complex units but badly identified in their operation. One of the aims of this study is to establish a rigorous typology of these formants and to refine the knowledge already acquired in the delimitation of the lexical base and of the elements present in complex units. It is noticed however that the morphological and phonological rules cannot explain in synchrony the form of all complex slang items. It is thus proposed to articulate derivational morphology with diachrony and philology in order to examine the various formal and semantic states of the studied items. The corpus, made up of two slang works of the XVIth and the XVIIth centuries, allows to consider the extent of the lexical evolutions. The second objective consists in showing the need of a new approach which, linking the data resulting from philological and diachronic research and those obtained by derivational morphology, makes it possible to account for the quasi entirety of the built slang lexicon. This method proposes to examine slang items by grouping them in paradigmatic fields, sets of unities entering a common notional field and presenting morphological similarities. It is whereas noted that the quasi totality of this lexicon can be included in various networks of items having mutual influences in their semantisms, their phonologies and their morphologies. The knowledge of the old derivational diagrams and the interactions between items allows an enlightened comprehension of the contemporary modes of formation of slang lexemes
Font, Noëlle. "Rôle de la langue dans l'accès au lexique chez les bilingues : influence de la proximité orthographique et sémantique interlangue sur la reconnaissance visuelle de mots". Montpellier 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON30015.
Texto completoCaron, Philippe. "Aux origines de la notion contemporaine de "littérature" : le lexique et et la configuration idéologique des grands secteurs du savoir profane en langue française de 1680 à 1760". Nancy 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN21027.
Texto completoThis dissertation sheds light on the elaboration of the concept at present carried by the french word litterature. It first studies those signs that are operative in the broad conceptual patterning of encyclopaedia carried out between 1680 and 1760, and casts new light on the birth and triumph of the name belles-lettres - substi- tuted for both bonnes lettres and lettres humaines - in the course of a lexico-semantic approach. It then shows the evolution of the french sign litterature, the denotation of which, by 1680, had gradually ebbed to "what an honnete homme of quality should know of wordly matters". The most frequent predicates associated, in the first half of the eighteenth century, with the signs belles-lettres, litterature and lettres in their new restricted acceptions, are next listed. The investigation substantiates and enhances the hedonistic outlook assumed by knowledge as denoted by those words, while showing how the eighteenth century pictures literature as antithetic in almost every respect to the sciences of computation and observation
Petit, Mélanie. "Discrimination prosodique et représentation du lexique : application aux emplois des connecteurs discursifs". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606533.
Texto completoSalinas, Claudine. "Les prédicats de sentiment dans Les Verbes français de Jean Dubois et Françoise Dubois-Charlier : analyse et prolongement". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2133.
Texto completoThe starting point of this work is “P” class (“verbes psychologiques”) of Les Verbes françaisof J. Dubois and F. Dubois-Charlier's electronic dictionary. It deals, more precisely, with feeling verbs.Because of the classification's criterions which are not that explicit, our main target is to try tounderstand their syntactic and semantic parameters, then to refine it in order to make small classes,but sharing in common the feeling expressed. Nouns and / or adjectives, morphologically connectedto verbs, and sharing the same syntactic and semantic properties, will be integrated to them. Ouranalysis, based on a large attested Corpus, lead to predicates characterization of “nostalgia”, “regret”,“annoyance” and “astonishment”
Akpaca, Servais. "Etude linguistique des problèmes de traduction de "the life and times of an african trade unionist"". Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/akpaca_s.
Texto completoIn Africa, the trade union movement was initiated by some workers who were fighting for better working and living conditions. In the beginning, their struggles were directed against some European companies that were exploiting the natural resources of their territories and were imposing difficult working conditions on them. These European companies practised forced labour and forcefully levied taxes. In spite of the legislations adopted in the European cities from 1922 to regulate the practice of forced labour in Africa, the workers joined political parties to fight for decolonisation and independence of the African countries after the Second World War. However, the relations between the political parties and the trade union organisations changed after independence because the political parties managed to control the trade union movement in most countries. After several decades, thanks to the democratic process, which started in the 1990s, the trade union movement was able to free itself from the patronage of political parties and became free and independent. The subject matter of this study is as follows: to show that after several years of hardships, the African trade union movement succeeded in imposing itself as a social partner; its terminology is currently well developed, and the translation of a trade union text from English into French poses certain problems of a syntactic and semantic nature. The translation of ‘The Life and Times of an African Trade Unionist’ provides an opportunity to explore the rich trade union terminology. In order to do a proper exploration, it is important to have an in-depth understanding of the linguistic aspects of the book. And it is the quest for this understanding that constitutes the structure of this thesis. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the history of the trade union movement in Africa. Chapters 2 and 3 present and analyse the tense systems, the aspects and modalities of the two languages (English and French). Chapter 4 focuses on the syntactic transformations that occur during the translation from one language into the other. Finally, chapters 5 and 6 review respectively the problems of lexical semantics and the trade union lexicon
Hatier, Sylvain. "Identification et analyse linguistique du lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire. Approche outillée sur un corpus d'articles de recherche en SHS". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAL027/document.
Texto completoIn this dissertation we study the French cross-disciplinary scientific lexicon (CSL), a lexicon which fall within the genre of scientific articles in humanities and social sciences. As the CSL is commonly used in scientific texts, it is a gateway of interest to explore this genre. This lexicon has also practical applications in the fields of automatic terms identification and foreign language teaching in the academic background. To this end, we apply a corpus-driven approach in order to extract and structure the CSL lexical units which are complex to circumscribe. The method relies on the cross-disciplinarity and specificity criteria and on the lexico-syntactic properties of the CSL lexical units. As a result, we designed a lexical resource which include lexical, syntactical and semantical informations. As we analyze the combinatorial properties extracted from a parsed corpus of scientific articles, we performed a CSL study based on its genre specific use. We follow the same approach to identify cross-disciplinary meanings for the CSL nouns and to design a nominal semantic classification. This two-level typology allow us to explore rhetorical and phraseological CSL properties by identifying frequent syntactico-semantic patterns
El, Hamdi Fatima. "On tashlhit root structure and its implications for the organization of the lexicon". Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080069/document.
Texto completoThe role of morphological theories in understanding how the lexicon is organized has been the topic of research of a number of studies. This topic brings two contrasting views to the fore. Some researchers claim that the lexicon consists of independent polymorphemic words with no need of a decomposition theory, while others argue that polymorphemic words are decomposed into morphemes among which we cite the base form or the root In the present work, we contributed to the debate on the two views on morphological theory and discussed the theoretical implications for the organization of the lexicon. We tried to investigate the notion of roots in Amazigh, more particularly in Tashlhit and we attempted to answer two main research questions. First, is the root a morphological unit in the Tashlhit lexicon? Second, is the root exclusively consonantal in Tashlhit? With this end in view, we investigated the lexical properties of root structure in Tashlhit by distinguishing between two types of roots, the vocalic and the consonantal. We provided arguments supporting the claim that in addition to consonantal roots, the Tashlhit lexicon consists of roots that have vowels and consonants alike.The novelty of this dissertation is that it discusses the significance of the root from a perspective that is not only purely morphological but also psycholinguistic. We presented further arguments for the presence of vowels in Tashlhit roots and also conducted, for the first time in Amazigh studies, priming experiments to examine language processing. The data analyzed comes essentially from the variety spoken in Ighrem N’Ougdal area and its surroundings, a place which is largely representative of the Tashlhit language
Mansouri, Ouided. "La corrélation phono-sémantique [+ approximant], [+ continu] "amener quelque chose à soi" en arabe et en hébreu et ses conséquences sur l'explication de l'homonymie et l'organisation du lexique de l'arabe". Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENSL0080.
Texto completoIn the introduction we presented the theory of the matrix and etymons and the development of the theory as wel as the matrix and we have identified untel now. Then we studied the phono-semantic correlation [+ approximant] , [+ continuant], "bring something to him self" in arabic, withch allowed us to organize the conceptual field of this phono-semantic correlation. Afterwards we searched for the terms which include a (guttural) and (+ continuant). And we found that the guttural exhibit the same proprieties us the approximant "r" and "l". In the second chapter we searched for the same proprieties in hebrew. We studied the development of the etymon in hebrew. We performed a first despoliation to look for the terms which include "r" and "l" with (+ continuant), then we made second despoliation concerning the gutturals (+ continuant). In the third chapter we explained the disambiguation of the terms which realize the phono-semantic correlation. In the forth chapter, we proceeded to the reorganization of the lexicon realizing the phono-semantic correlation [+ approximant], [+ continuant] "bring something to himself". We provided the list of the verbs of the Kazimir database which were analyzed and reorganized us a realization of the phono-semantic correlation that we studied