Artículos de revistas: "Lewis blood groups"

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Anstee, David J. "The relationship between blood groups and disease." Blood 115, no. 23 (June 10, 2010): 4635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-01-261859.

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Abstract The relative contribution of founder effects and natural selection to the observed distribution of human blood groups has been debated since blood group frequencies were shown to differ between populations almost a century ago. Advances in our understanding of the migration patterns of early humans from Africa to populate the rest of the world obtained through the use of Y chromosome and mtDNA markers do much to inform this debate. There are clear examples of protection against infectious diseases from inheritance of polymorphisms in genes encoding and regulating the expression of ABH and Lewis antigens in bodily secretions particularly in respect of Helicobacter pylori, norovirus, and cholera infections. However, available evidence suggests surviving malaria is the most significant selective force affecting the expression of blood groups. Red cells lacking or having altered forms of blood group-active molecules are commonly found in regions of the world in which malaria is endemic, notably the Fy(a−b−) phenotype and the S-s− phenotype in Africa and the Ge− and SAO phenotypes in South East Asia. Founder effects provide a more convincing explanation for the distribution of the D− phenotype and the occurrence of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in Europe and Central Asia.

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Mattos, Luiz Carlos de, Juliana Rodrigues Cintra, Fábio Eduardo Sanches, Rita de Cássia Martins Alves da Silva, Milton Artur Ruiz, and Haroldo Wilson Moreira. "ABO, Lewis, secretor and non-secretor phenotypes in patients infected or uninfected by the Helicobacter pylori bacillus." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 120, no. 2 (March 2002): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802002000200006.

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CONTEXT: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated higher frequencies of the O blood group and the non-secretor phenotype of ABH antigens among patients suffering from peptic ulcers. Since Helicobacter pylori has been established as the main etiological factor in this disease, controversies about the associations of the ABO and Lewis blood group phenotypes and secretor and non-secretor phenotypes in relation to susceptibility towards infection by this bacillus have been presented. OBJECTIVE: To verify the frequencies of ABO, Lewis blood group phenotypes, secretor and non-secretor phenotypes in patients infected or uninfected by H. pylori. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and twenty patients with dyspeptic symptoms who underwent endoscopy.MAIN MEASUREMENTS: ABO and Lewis blood group phenotypes were determined by a standard hemagglutination test and the secretor and non-secretor phenotypes were evaluated by saliva samples using the inhibitor hemagglutination test. RESULTS: The diagnosis of infection, made via breath and urea tests and confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in gastric biopsy fragments, showed the presence of H. pylori in 61.7% of the patients and absence in 38.3%. The differences between the frequencies of the ABO blood group phenotypes among infected (A 27.0%; B 12.2%; AB 4.0% and O 56.8%) and uninfected patients (A 58.7%; B 13.0%; AB 4.3% and O 24.0%) were significant. The Lewis blood type, secretor and non-secretor phenotypes showed homogeneous distribution between the groups of patients analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the infection of H. pylori can be related to ABO blood groups but not to the Lewis blood group nor to secretor and non-secretor phenotypes.

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Kushwaha, K. P. S., and S. M. S. Chahal. "Distribution of the Rhesus, P, Kell, Duffy and Lewis Blood Groups in Haryana." Journal of Human Ecology 8, no. 6 (November 1997): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.1997.11907317.

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Ferreira, José A., M. Rosário M. Domingues, Ana Reis, Mario A. Monteiro, and Manuel A. Coimbra. "Differentiation of isomeric Lewis blood groups by positive ion electrospray tandem mass spectrometry." Analytical Biochemistry 397, no. 2 (February 2010): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2009.10.034.

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Monteiro, Mario A., Frank St Michael, David A. Rasko, Diane E. Taylor, J. Wayne Conlan, Ken H. Chan, Susan M. Logan, Ben J. Appelmelk, and Malcolm B. Perry. "Helicobacter pylorifrom asymptomatic hosts expressing heptoglycan but lacking Lewis O-chains: Lewis blood-group O-chains may play a role inHelicobacter pyloriinduced pathology." Biochemistry and Cell Biology 79, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 449–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o01-035.

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Helicobacter pylori is a widespread Gram-negative bacterium responsible for the onset of various gastric pathologies and cancers in humans. A familiar trait of H. pylori is the production of cell-surface lipopolysaccharides (LPSs; O-chain [Formula: see text] core [Formula: see text] lipid A) with O-chain structures analogous to some mammalian histo-blood-group antigens, those being the Lewis determinants (Lea, Leb, Lex, sialyl Lex, Ley) and blood groups A and linear B. Some of these LPS antigens have been implicated as autoimmune, adhesion, and colonization components of H. pylori pathogenic mechanisms. This article describes the chemical structures of LPSs from H. pylori isolated from subjects with no overt signs of disease. Experimental data from chemical- and spectroscopic-based studies unanimously showed that these H. pylori manufactured extended heptoglycans composed of 2- and 3-linked D-glycero-α-D-manno-heptopyranose units and did not express any blood-group O-antigen chains. The fact that another H. pylori isolate with a similar LPS structure was shown to be capable of colonizing mice indicates that H. pylori histo-blood-group structures are not an absolute prerequisite for colonization in the murine model also. The absence of O-chains with histo-blood groups may cause H. pylori to become inept in exciting an immune response. Additionally, the presence of elongated heptoglycans may impede exposure of disease-causing outer-membrane antigens. These factors may render such H. pylori incapable of creating exogenous contacts essential for pathogenesis of severe gastroduodenal diseases and suggest that histo-blood groups in the LPS may indeed play a role in inducing a more severe H. pylori pathology.Key words: lipopolysaccharide, carbohydrates, glycobiology, Helicobacter pylori, histo-blood groups.

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Dieckmann, K. P., R. Klän, and S. Bünte. "HLA Antigens, Lewis Antigens, and Blood Groups in Patients with Testicular Germ-Cell Tumors." Oncology 50, no. 4 (1993): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000227190.

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Huang, Pengwei, Tibor Farkas, Weiming Zhong, Ming Tan, Scott Thornton, Ardythe L. Morrow, and Xi Jiang. "Norovirus and Histo-Blood Group Antigens: Demonstration of a Wide Spectrum of Strain Specificities and Classification of Two Major Binding Groups among Multiple Binding Patterns." Journal of Virology 79, no. 11 (June 1, 2005): 6714–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.11.6714-6722.2005.

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ABSTRACT Noroviruses, an important cause of acute gastroenteritis, have been found to recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as receptors. Four strain-specific binding patterns to HBGAs have been described in our previous report. In this study, we have extended the binding patterns to seven based on 14 noroviruses examined. The oligosaccharide-based assays revealed additional epitopes that were not detected by the saliva-based assays. The seven patterns have been classified into two groups according to their interactions with three major epitopes (A/B, H, and Lewis) of human HBGAs: the A/B-binding group and the Lewis-binding group. Strains in the A/B binding group recognize the A and/or B and H antigens, but not the Lewis antigens, while strains in the Lewis-binding group react only to the Lewis and/or H antigens. This classification also resulted in a model of the norovirus/HBGA interaction. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strains with identical or closely related binding patterns tend to be clustered, but strains in both binding group can be found in both genogroups I and II. Our results suggest that noroviruses have a wide spectrum of host range and that human HBGAs play an important role in norovirus evolution. The high polymorphism of the human HBGA system, the involvement of multiple epitopes, and the typical protein/carbohydrate interaction between norovirus VLPs and HBGAs provide an explanation for the virus-ligand binding diversities.

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Abdul, Fatima Rammadan, and Khedhir H. Ali. "Contribution of Lewis blood groups molecules in biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from atopic dermatitis patients." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 29, no. 2 (November 17, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v29i2.302.

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Abstract  Biofilm formation is a mechanism for bacterial community defense against insults including antibiotics .In this report we evaluated the potency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa) isolates from atopic dermatitis patients skin as well as stool to colonize different Lewis types saliva , manifested by biofilm formation . The bacteria were cultured on tryptose soy broth .96-well polystyrene plate were used .Coating with heat inactivated Le (a), (b) and (c)saliva was performed. Biofilm intensity was measured using crystal violet stained films compared to non –saliva coated situation. The results showed a superior capability of most isolates to form biofilm on Le (a) followed by Le (b) saliva. The highest binding mean was for isolate ( 4). Le (a) saliva binding (mean ± SD was 0.66± 0.25 for test compared to 0.21± 0.04 for control non coated wells) , p=0.04,cl=0.041-0.864. Other isolates demonstrated variable degree of biofilm formation on this substrate .In contrast to Le (c) saliva, Le (b) saliva demonstrated weak biofilm formation . We conclude that, among atopic dermatitis patients skins, P. aeruginosa Lec (A) or Lec (B) lectins might be involved in colonization in such patients. Key Words:- Lewis blood groups – Pseudomonas aeruginosa -atopic dermatitis– Biofilm

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Falcão, L. Menezes, M. João Marta, Alda P. Silva, M. Bicho, J. Braz Nogueira, and P. Van Zwieten. "MN and Lewis Blood groups in the failing heart in hypertensive patients with dilated cardiomyopathy." European Journal of Heart Failure 2 (June 2000): 52–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-9842(00)80184-1.

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CLARK, P., and I. A. GREER. "The influence of maternal Lewis, Secretor and ABO(H) blood groups on fetal growth restriction." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 9, no. 12 (December 2011): 2411–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04515.x.

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Falcão, L. Menezes, Ma João Marta, M. Bicho, and J. Braz Nogueira. "MN AND LEWIS BLOOD GROUPS IN THE FAILING HEART IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY." Journal of Hypertension 18 (June 2000): S113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200006001-00385.

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Keramati, MohammadReza, SeyedRasoul Zakavi, MohammadHadi Sadeghian, Hedieh Akbari, and Kamran Aryana. "Association of Helicobacter pylori infection with the Lewis and ABO blood groups in dyspeptic patients." Nigerian Medical Journal 54, no. 3 (2013): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.114583.

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CLARK, P., D. J. MEIKLEJOHN, A. O'SULLIVAN, M. A. VICKERS, and M. GREAVES. "The relationships of ABO, Lewis and Secretor blood groups with cerebral ischaemia of arterial origin." Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 3, no. 9 (September 2005): 2105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01535.x.

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20

Wang, Wen-Ping, Long-Qi Chen, Han-Lu Zhang, Yu-Shang Yang, Song-Lin He, and Yun Wang. "PS01.224: MODIFIED INTRATHORACIC ESOPHAGOGASTROSTOMY AT MINIMALLY INVASIVE ROBOT-ASSISTED IVOR-LEWIS ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR CANCER." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.224.

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Abstract Background The intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy played important role in minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for cancer. The methods of intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis at robot-assisted Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy mostly included hand-sewn, and circular stapler (anvil placement via OrVil system or transthoracically), which were still technically challenging. In this study, we modified the techniques of intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis at robot-assisted Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for cancer, in order to seek to simplify this complicated intrathoracic procedure. Then retrospective comparison between robotic and thoracoscopic cohorts was conducted. Methods We modified techniques focused on the ‘side-insertion’ anvil placement and purse string suture of intrathoracic robot-assisted esophagogastric anastomosis. The consecutive records of patients who underwent minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for cancer via robot-assistant and thoracoscopic procedures in our department between January 2015 and November 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Totally 47 patients were enrolled including 20 patients (male: 17, female: 3) in robot-assisted group and 27 patients (male: 21, female: 6) in thoracoscopic group. There was no conversion to open thoracotomy in both two groups. Mean operation duration of robotic group was 412.5 ± 63.5 min, significantly higher than 363.0 ± 53.3 min in thoracoscopic group (P = 0.006). Estimated blood loss in robotic group was less than that in thoracoscopic group (107.5 ± 63.5ml vs. 188.9 ± 94.3ml, respectively, P = 0.002). One patient (5.0%) in robotic group and two patients(7.4%) in thoracoscopic group had anastomotic leak. No postoperative reoperation or mortality (in-hospital or within 30 days after surgery) occurred in both groups. Conclusion Robot-assisted Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy was safe and feasible. Our modified procedure highlighting the ‘side-insertion’ method could simplify the process of intrathoracic anvil placement and purse string suture for the robot-assisted esophagogastric anastomosis. Robot-assisted Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy was nearly equivalent to thoracoscopic Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy at short-term outcomes, except higher operation time and less blood loss. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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Ho, Beng-Chuan, Lai-Ming Chew, Eu-Hian Yap, and Mulkit Singh. "Infections of forest rat filaria, Breinlia booliati, in neonate and juvenile laboratory white rats." Journal of Helminthology 61, no. 3 (September 1987): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00010026.

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ABSTRACTThe kinetics of Breinlia booliati infection in 3 inbred rat strains (Lewis, Wistar and Sprague Dawley) were investigated. One group of rats was infected as neonates (less than 24 hours of age) with third-stage larvae of B. booliati and the other group was infected as juveniles (4 weeks of age). The results showed that infection in the neonates were significantly different from the infection in the juveniles. The 60 rats infected as neonates, when necropsied between 8 to 10 months postinfection, yielded adult worms. The 2 neonatal infection groups of Lewis and Wistar strains showed highest susceptibility to the infections. The mean prepatent period was 85 days. Ninety to 95% of the infected rats were patent with microfilaraemia and a large percentage (33 to 47%) of them had high microfilaraemia counts exceeding 3000 mff/20 mm3 of blood and larger sizes (mean 157·11 mm for female adult worms and 61·88 mm for male adult worms. The adult worms were distributed equally in both the pleural (57%) and peritoneal cavity (43%). In most aspects, the neonatal infection group of the Sprague-Dawley strain was intermediate in susceptibility between the 2 neonatal infection groups of the Lewis and Wistar strains and the 3 juvenile infection groups. In contrast to neonatal infection groups, the 3 juvenile infection groups exhibited low infection rates (37%, 58% and 47% for the Lewis, Wistar and Sprague Dawley strains respectively), longer prepatent periods (mean 101 days), lower recovery rates (2 to 4%), lower adult worm loads (mean 0·4 to 0·8 female worms, and 0·2 to 0·8 male worms per rat), and smaller sizes (mean 141·24 mm for female adult worms and 53·75 mm for male adult worms). Forty-four to 57% of these infected rats harboured either single male or single female adult worms in the body cavity. Most (92%) of the adult worms recovered from the juvenile infection groups resided in the pleural cavity and the remaining 8% were recovered from the peritoneal cavity. Microfilaraemia could be detected in only 3/20 Lewis rats, 5/20 Wistar rats and 5/20 Sprague Dawley rats. The mean peak microfilaraemia of the 3 pooled juvenile infection groups was 632 mff/20 mm3 of blood, ranging from 7 mff/20 mm3 to 1856 mmf/20 mm3. Our results indicate that the susceptibility to B. booliati infection in white rats is both genetic and age-associated. The responses of the 2 distinct infection groups to B. booliati infections are discussed.

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Spohr, Ulrike, Naohiko Morishima, Ole Hindsgaul, and Raymond U. Lemieux. "Molecular recognition. IV. The binding of the Lewis b human blood group determinant by a hybridoma monoclonal antibody." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 2659–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-441.

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A commercial hybridoma monoclonal anti-Lewis b antibody appears to accept the Lewis b human blood group determinant (αLFuc(1→2)βDGal(1 → 3)[αLFuc(1 → 4)]βDGlcNAc--) by involving OH-3 of the βDGal unit and OH-2 of the αLFuc(1 → 2) unit in a key polar interaction at the periphery of a large wedge-shaped lipophilic surface that extends about the tetrasaccharide and essentially leaves 5 of the 8 other hydroxyl groups in contact with the aqueous phase. It is proposed that the three remaining hydroxyl groups, namely, OH-4of the βDGal unit, OH-3 of the αLFuc(1 → 4) unit, and OH-4 of the αLFuc(1 → 2) unit, become intramolecularly hydrogen bonded for acceptance into a hydrophobic environment. The results are taken as further circumstantial evidence that the stability of the complex is mainly related to the establishment of dispersion forces of attraction between complementary lipophilic surfaces provided by the oligosaccharide and the protein. These forces are expected to be stronger than those prior to binding between the amphiphilic surfaces that are involved and water.

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Yamaleyeva, Liliya M., Karl D. Pendergrass, Nancy T. Pirro, Patricia E. Gallagher, Leanne Groban, and Mark C. Chappell. "Ovariectomy is protective against renal injury in the high-salt-fed older mRen2.Lewis rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 293, no. 4 (October 2007): H2064—H2071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00427.2007.

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Studies in experimental animals and younger women suggest a protective role for estrogen; however, clinical trials may not substantiate this effect in older females. Therefore, the present study assessed the outcome of ovariectomy in older mRen2.Lewis rats subjected to a high-salt diet for 4 wk. Intact or ovariectomized (OVX, 15 wk of age) mRen2.Lewis rats were aged to 60 wk and then placed on a high-salt (HS, 8% sodium chloride) diet for 4 wk. Systolic blood pressures were similar between groups [OVX 169 ± 6 vs. Intact 182 ± 7 mmHg; P = 0.22] after the 4-wk diet; however, proteinuria [OVX 0.8 ± 0.2 vs. Intact 11.5 ± 2.6 mg/mg creatinine; P < 0.002, n = 6], renal interstitial fibrosis, glomerular sclerosis, and tubular casts were lower in OVX vs. Intact rats. Kidney injury molecule-1 mRNA, a marker of tubular damage, was 53% lower in the OVX HS group. Independent from blood pressure, OVX HS rats exhibited significantly lower cardiac (24%) and renal (32%) hypertrophy as well as lower C-reactive protein (28%). Circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels were not different between the Intact and OVX groups; however, renal cortical IGF-I mRNA and protein were attenuated in OVX rats [ P < 0.05, n = 6]. We conclude that ovariectomy in the older female mRen2.Lewis rat conveys protection against salt-dependent increase in renal injury.

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Pendergrass, Karl D., Nancy T. Pirro, Brian M. Westwood, Carlos M. Ferrario, K. Bridget Brosnihan, and Mark C. Chappell. "Sex differences in circulating and renal angiotensins of hypertensive mRen().Lewis but not normotensive Lewis rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 1 (July 2008): H10—H20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01277.2007.

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Sex differences in blood pressure are evident in experimental models and human subjects, yet the mechanisms underlying this disparity remain equivocal. The current study sought to define the extent of male-female differences in the circulating and tissue renin-angiotensin aldosterone systems (RAASs) of congenic mRen( 2 ).Lewis and control Lewis rats. Male congenics exhibited higher systolic blood pressure than females [200 ± 4 vs. 146 ± 7 mmHg, P < 0.01] or Lewis males and females [113 ± 2 vs. 112 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05]. Plasma ANG II levels were twofold higher in male congenics [47 ± 3 vs. 19 ± 3 pM, P < 0.01] and fivefold higher than in male or female Lewis rats [6 ± 1 vs. 6 ± 1 pM]. ANG I levels were also highest in the males; however, plasma ANG-(1-7) was higher in female congenics. Male congenics exhibited greater circulating renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activities, as well as angiotensinogen, than female littermates. Renal cortical and medullary ANG II levels were also higher in the male congenics versus all the other groups; ANG I was lower in the males. Cortical ACE2 activity was higher in male congenics, yet neprilysin activity and protein were greater in the females, which may contribute to reduced renal levels of ANG II. These data reveal that sex differences in both the circulating and renal RAAS are apparent primarily in the hypertensive group. The enhanced activity of the RAAS in male congenics may contribute to the higher pressure and tissue injury evident in the strain.

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Park, Jong-Lim, Taewoon Kim, and Baek-Kyu Kim. "Suitability of denervated muscle flaps as recipient sites for pancreatic islet cell transplantation." Archives of Plastic Surgery 48, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2020.01865.

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Background Extensive research has been conducted on islet transplantation as a possible cure for diabetes. Islet transplantation in the liver via the portal vein has shown remarkable results, but numerous other recipient sites are currently being investigated. We aimed to show the effectiveness of using a muscle flap as a recipient site for islet transplantation.Methods Islet cells were harvested from 12 isogenic Lewis rats, and then diabetes was induced in another 12 isogenic Lewis rats by streptozotocin injection. In six rats, 3,000 islets were transplanted into gastrocnemius muscle flaps, and in the other six rats, the same number of islets were transplanted into the gastrocnemius muscle. The transplanted islet cell function between the two groups was compared by means of blood glucose tests, glucose tolerance tests, immunohistochemistry, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results In the muscle flap group, blood glucose levels significantly decreased after islet transplantation. Blood glucose levels were significantly different between the two groups at 3 weeks after transplantation. The muscle flap group showed nearly normoglycemic results upon the glucose tolerance test, whereas the muscle group was hyperglycemic. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed positive results against insulin and glucagon in biopsies of both groups, and the islet cell density was higher in the muscle flap group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results.Conclusions Our results suggest that muscle flaps are promising candidates for islet cell transplantation.

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Ow, Connie P. C., Amany Abdelkader, Lucinda M. Hilliard, Jacqueline K. Phillips, and Roger G. Evans. "Determinants of renal tissue hypoxia in a rat model of polycystic kidney disease." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 307, no. 10 (November 15, 2014): R1207—R1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00202.2014.

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Renal tissue oxygen tension (Po2) and its determinants have not been quantified in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Therefore, we measured kidney tissue Po2 in the Lewis rat model of PKD (LPK) and in Lewis control rats. We also determined the relative contributions of altered renal oxygen delivery and consumption to renal tissue hypoxia in LPK rats. Po2 of the superficial cortex of 11- to 13-wk-old LPK rats, measured by Clark electrode with the rat under anesthesia, was higher within the cysts (32.8 ± 4.0 mmHg) than the superficial cortical parenchyma (18.3 ± 3.5 mmHg). Po2 in the superficial cortical parenchyma of Lewis rats was 2.5-fold greater (46.0 ± 3.1 mmHg) than in LPK rats. At each depth below the cortical surface, tissue Po2 in LPK rats was approximately half that in Lewis rats. Renal blood flow was 60% less in LPK than in Lewis rats, and arterial hemoglobin concentration was 57% less, so renal oxygen delivery was 78% less. Renal venous Po2 was 38% less in LPK than Lewis rats. Sodium reabsorption was 98% less in LPK than Lewis rats, but renal oxygen consumption did not significantly differ between the two groups. Thus, in this model of PKD, kidney tissue is severely hypoxic, at least partly because of deficient renal oxygen delivery. Nevertheless, the observation of similar renal oxygen consumption, despite markedly less sodium reabsorption, in the kidneys of LPK compared with Lewis rats, indicates the presence of inappropriately high oxygen consumption in the polycystic kidney.

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Kuemmel, Andreas, Kristjan Single, Fernando Bittinger, Andrea Faldum, Lars Henning Schmidt, Martin Sebastian, Christian Taube, Roland Buhl, and Rainer Wiewrodt. "The Prognostic Impact of Blood Group-Related Antigen Lewis Y and the ABH Blood Groups in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer." Tumor Biology 28, no. 6 (2007): 340–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000124298.

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Quek, Ko Jin, Omar Z. Ameer, and Jacqueline K. Phillips. "Amlodipine Improves Vessel Function and Remodeling in the Lewis Polycystic Kidney Rat Mesenteric Artery." American Journal of Hypertension 33, no. 7 (March 26, 2020): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpaa054.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Hypertension is a common comorbidity associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Treatment in these patients often involves L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) blockers. The effect of chronic LTCC-blockade treatment on resistance vasculature was investigated in a genetic hypertensive rat model of CKD, the Lewis Polycystic Kidney (LPK) rat. METHODS Mixed-sex LPK and Lewis control rats (total n = 38) were allocated to treated (amlodipine 20 mg/kg/day p.o. from 4 to 18 weeks) and vehicle groups. Following systolic blood pressure and renal function assessment, animals were euthanized and mesenteric vasculature was collected for functional and structural assessment using pressure myography and histology. RESULTS Amlodipine treatment reduced LPK rat blood pressure (untreated vs. treated: 185 ± 5 vs. 165 ± 9 mm Hg; P = 0.019), reduced plasma creatinine (untreated vs. treated: 197 ± 17 vs. 140 ± 16 µmol/l; P = 0.002), and improved some vascular structural parameters (internal and external diameters and wall–lumen ratios); however wall thickness was still increased in LPK relative to Lewis despite treatment (Lewis vs. LPK: 31 ± 2 vs. 41 ± 2 µm, P = 0.047). Treatment improved LPK rats’ endothelium dysfunction, and nitric oxide-dependent and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization vasorelaxation components, and downregulated prostanoid contributions. LTCC blockade had no effect on biomechanical properties of compliance and intrinsic stiffness, nor artery wall composition. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that blockade of LTCCs with amlodipine is effective in improving, to a certain extent, detrimental structural and functional vascular features of resistance arteries in CKD.

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Orstavik, KH, L. Kornstad, H. Reisner, and K. Berg. "Possible effect of secretor locus on plasma concentration of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor." Blood 73, no. 4 (March 1, 1989): 990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.4.990.990.

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Abstract A significant fraction (30%) of the genetically determined variance in plasma concentration of the von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) has been shown to be related to ABH determinants. Individuals with blood group O, who have the highest amounts of blood group H substance, have the lowest concentration of vWf:Ag. The Lewis substances, Le(a) and Le(b), are biochemically closely related to the ABH substances as both can be produced from the same precursor substance. We studied the effect of the presence of the Lewis antigens on the plasma concentration of vWf:Ag and factor VIII antigen (VIII:Ag) in 323 individuals of different ABO groups from a series of twins and in 58 blood donors of blood group O. Among persons belonging to blood group O, those with the Le(a) antigen had a higher concentration of both vWf:Ag and VIII:Ag than individuals lacking Le(a). Le(a+b-) people are nonsecretors and Le(a-b+) people are secretors of ABH substance. Thus, the lowest concentration of vWf:Ag and VIII:Ag was found in group O secretors. The effect is most likely due to an effect of the secretor locus. This finding may be of importance for the detection of carriers of hemophilia A and for the diagnosis of type I von Willebrand disease.

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Orstavik, KH, L. Kornstad, H. Reisner, and K. Berg. "Possible effect of secretor locus on plasma concentration of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor." Blood 73, no. 4 (March 1, 1989): 990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v73.4.990.bloodjournal734990.

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A significant fraction (30%) of the genetically determined variance in plasma concentration of the von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag) has been shown to be related to ABH determinants. Individuals with blood group O, who have the highest amounts of blood group H substance, have the lowest concentration of vWf:Ag. The Lewis substances, Le(a) and Le(b), are biochemically closely related to the ABH substances as both can be produced from the same precursor substance. We studied the effect of the presence of the Lewis antigens on the plasma concentration of vWf:Ag and factor VIII antigen (VIII:Ag) in 323 individuals of different ABO groups from a series of twins and in 58 blood donors of blood group O. Among persons belonging to blood group O, those with the Le(a) antigen had a higher concentration of both vWf:Ag and VIII:Ag than individuals lacking Le(a). Le(a+b-) people are nonsecretors and Le(a-b+) people are secretors of ABH substance. Thus, the lowest concentration of vWf:Ag and VIII:Ag was found in group O secretors. The effect is most likely due to an effect of the secretor locus. This finding may be of importance for the detection of carriers of hemophilia A and for the diagnosis of type I von Willebrand disease.

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31

Lee, Jong Y., and Silvia H. Azar. "Effects of Perinatal Protein-Nacl Diets on Offspring's Blood Pressure and Renal Function in Lewis Rats." Open Hypertension Journal 5, no. 1 (April 19, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876526201305010001.

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Perinatal diets may affect the cardiovascular-renal functions of offspring. To understand effects of maternal diet on the renal function and blood pressure (BP) of offspring, protein (10% low, LP; 23% normal, NP) and/or NaCl (4% high salt, HS; 0.6% normal, NS) diets were started at pre-pregnancy through pups' weaning to either a 4% high NaCl (hs) or 0.6% NaCl (ns) diet. Telemetered BP data was analyzed by methods of linear least square rhythmometry. Systolic BPs (circadian mean ±SE mm Hg) were: NPNSns, 131±2; NPNShs, 137±2; NPHSns, 137±0.2; NPHShs, 134±3; LPNSns, 138±1; LPNShs, 138±0.6; LPHSns, 135±2; LPHShs, 142±2. Offspring in NPNShs and NPHSns had significantly increased SBPs versus NPNSns (both P<0.05). Most LP-offspring had increased SBP (P<0.01 to <0.05) and lower body weight (BW) with smaller glomerular filtration rate changes (renal reserve, RR-GFR) following overnight acute highprotein loads: RR-GFRs (inulin, ml/min/g kidney) for groups stated above were, respectively: 0.935; 0.927; 0.537; -0.064; -0.229; 0.057; -0.515; -0.404. The kidney weight/BW ratio of offspring was higher on hs- than on ns-diets (all P<0.001). Rats on a low caloric diet had reduced sclerotic glomerular numbers compared to those on normal diets (11.2±1 vs. 15.7±2, P<0.001), though glomerular numbers were similar in both groups. In summary, perinatal LP-HS diets significantly affected the BW, BP, renal injuries and kidney function of offspring. RR was seriously reduced, especially among offspring in hs- and perinatal LP groups. The most interesting result was the glomerular maturation staging in the pups, which suggests delayed nephrogenesis by a maternal LP diet.

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32

Spohr, Ulrike, Ole Hindsgaul, and Raymond U. Lemieux. "Molecular recognition. II. The binding of the Lewis b and Y human blood group determinants by the lectin IV of Griffoniasimplicifolia." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 2644–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-439.

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Using a radioimmunoassay to measure the relative potencies as inhibitors of a wide number of chemically modified structures related to the Lewis b human blood group determinant, it was found that derivatives of the Lewis b (αLFuc(1→2)βDGal(1→3)[αLFuc(1→4)]βDGlcNAc) and the Y (αLFuc(1→2)PDGal(1→4)[αLFuc(1→3)]βDGlcNAc) determinants are complexed by the lectin IV of Griffoniasimplicifolia through the recognition of a topographical feature that is common to both the tetrasaccharides. This surface provides a nonpolar region formed by the two methyl groups of the fucose units and extends along the C-1—O-5—C-5 side of the αLFuc(1→2) unit and terminates at one end by a polar grouping which is formed by OH-3 and OH-4 of the βDGal unit and OH-4 of the αLFuc(1→4) unit. Association constants were determined from changes in ultraviolet absorption that occur as the result of complex formation. For the reaction of the Lewis b-OCH3 tetrasaccharide, the thermodynamic parameters were found to be ΔH = −13 kcal/mol and ΔS = −22 cal/mol/K. The inhibition data for the relevant monodeoxy derivatives indicated that OH-2 and OH-3 of both of the αLFuc units are not directly involved in the binding reaction. The basis for drawing these conclusions was strengthened by finding that the reaction of the simple Lewis b analog, methoxymethyl (1→2)βDGal(1→3)[αLFuc(1→4)]βDGlcNAcOCH3 displayed very similar thermodynamic values; namely, ΔH = −14 kcal/mol and ΔS = −26 cal/mol/K, to those mentioned above for the Leb-OCH3 tetrasaccharide. The OH-4 of the αLFuc(1→2) unit may be bound in an intramolecularly hydrogen bonded form.

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33

Clark, Peter, and Olivia Wu. "P15. The influence of maternal Lewis, Secretor and ABO(H) blood groups on pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction." Pregnancy Hypertension: An International Journal of Women's Cardiovascular Health 1, no. 3-4 (July 2011): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.preghy.2011.08.076.

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34

Chandramohan, Servarayan, Visvarath Varadharajan, Madeshwaran Chinnathambi, Kanagavel Manickavasagam, Abishai Jebaraj, and Apsara Chandramohan. "PS01.158: WHAT IS THE IDEAL RECONSTRUCTIVE TECHNIQUE FOR TYPE 2 GEJ TUMOURS—ESOPHAGOGASTROSTOMY OR ESOPHAGOJEJUNOSTOMY." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (September 1, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.158.

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Abstract Background In the management of OG junction tumors the border issue arises in type 2 cancers. It can be managed with various options like esophago gastrectomy (Ivor Lewis), transabdominal extended transhiatal gastrectomy or total esophago gastrectomy depends upon the extent strectomy of the tumor above and below. After resection the reconstruction can be either with stomach or jejunum or colon. However the functional result after either of these procedures varies. The aim of this study is to know the functional outcome of different reconstruction methods after esophagogastrectomy for locally advanced Type 2 OG junction tumours. Methods 148 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for OG junction tumors in the last 6 years were evaluated. Of them 62 locally advanced type2 OG junction tumors were included in our study. 26 underwent Ivor Levis procedure with gastric replacement. 36 underwent extended transhiatal gastrectomy with esophago jejunal anastamosis. Intra operative details like pyloroplasty, Operative time, blood loss, the distal margin, nodal clearance was noted. The functional outcome since immediate postoperative period to 1 year of follow up is reviewed retrospectively and prospectively in few cases. Results There is no significant difference in operating time, blood loss. Two patients with Partial gastrectomy had positive distal margin even though it is not statistically significant. The average number of nodes harvested is higher with total gastrectomy group with jejunal anastamosis and it is statistically significant between 2 groups (P < 0.05).The GERD is more with gastric conduit when compared to Jejunal reconstruction but the weight loss is more with jejunal reconstruction when compared with gastric reconstruction. Conclusion The functional outcome and oncological outcome are superior with jejunal reconstruction after total gastrectomy when compared with gastric reconstruction after Ivor Lewis procedure. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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35

Abdul, Fatima Rammadan. "Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolation from atopic dermatitis patients on defined Lewis types saliva." Journal of University of Babylon 26, no. 5 (March 12, 2018): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i5.921.

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Bacteria adherence and biofilm formation vary depending on the strain of microorganism as well as the substrate.Here, we evaluated the ability of different isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), isolated. from atopic dermatitis patients skin and stool to form a biofilm on different Lewis types saliva, including Le (a) , (b) ,(c) and Le a+b+ saliva. S. aureus isolates were cultured on tryptose soy broth.The bacteria were used to form a biofilm on 96- well flat bottom Microtitration plate that was coated with the respective, optimally diluted, processed saliva of Lewis blood groups (a),(b),(c) and Le a+b+.The intensity of biofilm formation was assessed by measuring the biofilm-associated optical density reading of bacterial bound dye. The results indicated a superior ability of biofilm formation on Lewis(a) saliva type.The highest binding gave a mean of 1.25 ± 0.39 compared to biofilm formation on non – coated wells that showed a mean of 0.23 ± 0.016(P=0.01, CL= 0.390 – 1.635). On the other hand, however, a variable degree of binding to Le(b) saliva was demonstrated for the isolates. The isolates didn’t demonstrate binding on Lea-b-(Lec) and Le a+b+ -(Led) saliva. We conclude that biofilm formation on Lewis types saliva of the atopic dermatitis bacterial isolates requires Le(a) in a ligand – receptor-based system for biofilm establishment.

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36

Abdul, Fatima Rammadan. "Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus Isolation from atopic Dermatitis Patients on Defined Lewis Types saliva." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences 26, no. 5 (March 12, 2018): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v26i5.921.

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Bacteria adherence and biofilm formation vary depending on the strain of microorganism as well as the substrate.Here, we evaluated the ability of different isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), isolated. from atopic dermatitis patients skin and stool to form a biofilm on different Lewis types saliva, including Le (a) , (b) ,(c) and Le a+b+ saliva. S. aureus isolates were cultured on tryptose soy broth.The bacteria were used to form a biofilm on 96- well flat bottom Microtitration plate that was coated with the respective, optimally diluted, processed saliva of Lewis blood groups (a),(b),(c) and Le a+b+.The intensity of biofilm formation was assessed by measuring the biofilm-associated optical density reading of bacterial bound dye. The results indicated a superior ability of biofilm formation on Lewis(a) saliva type.The highest binding gave a mean of 1.25 ± 0.39 compared to biofilm formation on non – coated wells that showed a mean of 0.23 ± 0.016(P=0.01, CL= 0.390 – 1.635). On the other hand, however, a variable degree of binding to Le(b) saliva was demonstrated for the isolates. The isolates didn’t demonstrate binding on Lea-b-(Lec) and Le a+b+ -(Led) saliva. We conclude that biofilm formation on Lewis types saliva of the atopic dermatitis bacterial isolates requires Le(a) in a ligand – receptor-based system for biofilm establishment.

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37

Cohen, Jonathan A., Sarah H. Lindsey, Nancy T. Pirro, K. Bridget Brosnihan, Patricia E. Gallagher, and Mark C. Chappell. "Influence of estrogen depletion and salt loading on renal angiotensinogen expression in the mRen(2).Lewis strain." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 299, no. 1 (July 2010): F35—F42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00138.2010.

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The mRen(2).Lewis (mRen2) strain is an ANG II-dependent model of hypertension expressing marked sex differences in blood pressure and tissue injury that also exhibits estrogen and salt sensitivity. Because estrogen and salt influence angiotensinogen (AGT), circulating and renal expression of the protein were assessed in the mRen2 using a sensitive and specific ELISA. Hemizygous female and male mRen2 were placed on normal (1% NaCl, NS)- or high (8% NaCl, HS)-salt diets from 5 to 15 wk of age while a separate NS cohort was ovariectomized (OVX). The OVX mRen2 exhibited higher blood pressure (184 ± 6 vs. 149 ± 5 mmHg, n = 6), a 16-fold increase in urinary AGT (uAGT) (0.2 ± 0.02 vs. 0.01 ± 0.01 μg·kg−1·day−1, P < 0.01), but no change in proteinuria (PROT). Excretion of AGT was correlated with blood pressure and PROT in the female groups. The HS diet led to higher blood pressure (224 ± 8 mmHg), a 180-fold increase in uAGT (1.8 ± 0.2 μg·kg−1·day−1), and increased PROT (98 ± 9 vs. 7 ± 1 mg·kg−1·day−1). Compared with females, NS males expressed higher excretion of uAGT (3.0 ± 0.4 μg·kg−1·day−1) and PROT (32 ± 5 mg·kg−1·day−1); both were increased eightfold with HS (uAGT: 23 ± 3 μg·kg−1·day−1; PROT: 285 ± 28 mg·kg−1·day−1) without a change in blood pressure. Although uAGT was markedly higher in the OVX and HS groups, neither renal cortical AGT mRNA or protein expression was increased. Moreover, AGT release in cortical slices was similar for the NS and HS females. We conclude that the increase in uAGT with estrogen depletion or HS likely may be a biomarker for glomerular damage reflecting filtration of the circulating protein in the mRen2.

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38

Zhu, Yanfei, and Jing Zhou. "Increased NPC1L1 and serum cholesterol in a chronic rejection rat." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 34, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v34i3.15190.

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Purpose: To measure serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels and NPC1L1 mRNA and protein as an index of cholesterol absorption during the development of chronic rejection (CR) in a rat model of intestinal transplantation. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=20) underwent syngenic Lewis-to-Lewis transplantation and Group 2 (n=20) underwent allogenic F344-to-Lewis transplantation as well as treatment with FK506. Blood samples and intestinal tissue were procured on the 190th day after operation. Histological changes were analyzed and the semiquantitative scores of histological parameters were compared. The serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were determined. The expression of Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1) mRNA and protein were analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Results: All the animals survived for the 190 days. The appearance and histology of isografts were almost normal whereas the allografts displayed thickened bowel wall and mesenteric fibrosis, concentric intimal thickening and interstitial fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration. The histology scores displayed a significant difference between the allografts and isografts (P < 0.001). No differences were observed for triglycerides for the two groups. The serum cholesterol levels increased significantly in the allogenic group in comparison with the syngenic group (P=0.034), while no difference was observed for triglyceride levels between groups. RT-PCR showed that the expression of NPC1L1 of allografts increased significantly (P=0.004). Immunohistochemistry confirmed RT-PCR findings. Conclusions: Neointima formation and mesenteric fibrosis were the dominant pathological features. The increased expression of NPC1L1 might contribute to hypercholesterolemia, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of transplant arteriosclerosis.

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39

Manthorpe, R., L. Staub Nielsen, S. Hagen Petersen, and J. U. Prause. "Lewis Blood Type Frequency in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome:A Prospective Study Including Analyses for A1A2BO, Secretor, MNSs, P, Duffy, Kell, Lutheran and Rhesus Blood Groups." Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 14, no. 2 (January 1985): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03009748509165497.

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40

Rolff, Hans C., Rikard B. Ambrus, Mohammed Belmouhand, Michael P. Achiam, Marianne Wegmann, Mette Siemsen, Steen C. Kofoed, and Lars B. Svendsen. "Robot-Assisted Hybrid Esophagectomy Is Associated with a Shorter Length of Stay Compared to Conventional Transthoracic Esophagectomy: A Retrospective Study." Minimally Invasive Surgery 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6907896.

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Aim. To compare the peri- and postoperative data between a hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy (HMIE) and the conventional Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Methods. Retrospective comparison of perioperative characteristics, postoperative complications, and survival between HMIE and Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Results. 216 patients were included, with 160 procedures performed with the conventional and 56 with the HMIE approach. Lower perioperative blood loss was found in the HMIE group (600 ml versus 200 ml, p<0.001). Also, a higher median number of lymph nodes were harvested in the HMIE group (median 28) than in the conventional group (median 23) (p=0.002). The median length of stay was longer in the conventional group compared to the HMIE group (11.5 days versus 10.0 days, p=0.03). Patients in the HMIE group experienced fewer grade 2 or higher complications than the conventional group (39% versus 57%, p=0.03). The rate of all pulmonary (51% versus 43%, p=0.32) and severe pulmonary complications (38% versus 18%, p = 0.23) was not statistically different between the groups. Conclusions. The HMIE was associated with lower intraoperative blood loss, a higher lymph node harvest, and a shorter hospital stay. However, the inborn limitations with the retrospective design stress a need for prospective randomized studies. Registration number is DRKS00013023.

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41

Kaneko, Mika, Shoko Nishihara, Naoko Shinya, Takashi Kudo, Hiroko Iwasaki, Taiko Seno, Yasuto Okubo, and Hisashi Narimatsu. "Wide Variety of Point Mutations in the H Gene of Bombay and Para-Bombay Individuals That Inactivate H Enzyme." Blood 90, no. 2 (July 15, 1997): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.2.839.

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Abstract The H genes, encoding an α1,2fucosyltransferase, which defines blood groups with the H structure, of four Bombay and 13 para-Bombay Japanese individuals were analyzed for mutations. Four Bombay individuals were homologous for the same null H allele, which is inactivated by a single nonsense mutation at position 695 from G to A (G695A), resulting in termination of H gene translation. The allele inactivated by the G695A was designated h1. The other 13 para-Bombay individuals possessed a trace amount of H antigens on erythrocytes regardless of their secretor status. Sequence analysis of their H genes showed four additional inactivated H gene alleles, h2, h3, h4, and h5. The h2 allele possesed a single base deletion at position 990 G (990-del). The h3 and h4 alleles possessed a single missense mutation, T721C, which changes Tyr 241 to His, and G442T, which changes Asp148 to Tyr, respectively. The h5 allele possessed two missense mutations, T460C (Tyr154 to His) and G1042A (Glu348 to Lys). The h2, h3, h4, and h5 enzymes directed by these alleles were not fully inactivated by the deletion and the missense mutations expressing some residual enzyme activity resulting in synthesis of H antigen on erythrocytes. Thirteen para-Bombay individuals whose erythrocytes retained a trace amount of H antigen were determined to be heterozygous or homozygous for at least one of h2, h3, h4, or h5 alleles. This clarified that the levels (null to trace amount) of H antigen expression on erythrocytes of Bombay and para-Bombay individuals are determined solely by H enzyme activity. These mutations found in the Japanese H alleles differ from a nonsense mutation found in the Indonesian population. To determine the roles of the H, Se, and Le genes in the expression of H antigen in secretions and Lewis blood group antigen on erythrocytes, the Lewis and secretor genes were also examined in these Bombay and para-Bombay individuals. The Lewis blood group phenotype, Le(α- b+), was determined by the combinatorial activity of two fucosyltransferases, the Lewis enzyme and the secretor enzyme, and the secretor status was solely determined by the secretor enzyme activity, not by H enzyme activity. Bombay individuals were confirmed to be homozygous for the inactivated H and Se genes. As expected from the very low frequency of Bombay and para-Bombay individuals in the population, ie, approximately one in two or 300,000, the H gene mutations were found to be very variable, unlike the cases of the point mutations in the other glycosyltransferase genes; the ABO genes, the Lewis gene, and the secretor gene.

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42

Kaneko, Mika, Shoko Nishihara, Naoko Shinya, Takashi Kudo, Hiroko Iwasaki, Taiko Seno, Yasuto Okubo, and Hisashi Narimatsu. "Wide Variety of Point Mutations in the H Gene of Bombay and Para-Bombay Individuals That Inactivate H Enzyme." Blood 90, no. 2 (July 15, 1997): 839–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v90.2.839.839_839_849.

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The H genes, encoding an α1,2fucosyltransferase, which defines blood groups with the H structure, of four Bombay and 13 para-Bombay Japanese individuals were analyzed for mutations. Four Bombay individuals were homologous for the same null H allele, which is inactivated by a single nonsense mutation at position 695 from G to A (G695A), resulting in termination of H gene translation. The allele inactivated by the G695A was designated h1. The other 13 para-Bombay individuals possessed a trace amount of H antigens on erythrocytes regardless of their secretor status. Sequence analysis of their H genes showed four additional inactivated H gene alleles, h2, h3, h4, and h5. The h2 allele possesed a single base deletion at position 990 G (990-del). The h3 and h4 alleles possessed a single missense mutation, T721C, which changes Tyr 241 to His, and G442T, which changes Asp148 to Tyr, respectively. The h5 allele possessed two missense mutations, T460C (Tyr154 to His) and G1042A (Glu348 to Lys). The h2, h3, h4, and h5 enzymes directed by these alleles were not fully inactivated by the deletion and the missense mutations expressing some residual enzyme activity resulting in synthesis of H antigen on erythrocytes. Thirteen para-Bombay individuals whose erythrocytes retained a trace amount of H antigen were determined to be heterozygous or homozygous for at least one of h2, h3, h4, or h5 alleles. This clarified that the levels (null to trace amount) of H antigen expression on erythrocytes of Bombay and para-Bombay individuals are determined solely by H enzyme activity. These mutations found in the Japanese H alleles differ from a nonsense mutation found in the Indonesian population. To determine the roles of the H, Se, and Le genes in the expression of H antigen in secretions and Lewis blood group antigen on erythrocytes, the Lewis and secretor genes were also examined in these Bombay and para-Bombay individuals. The Lewis blood group phenotype, Le(α- b+), was determined by the combinatorial activity of two fucosyltransferases, the Lewis enzyme and the secretor enzyme, and the secretor status was solely determined by the secretor enzyme activity, not by H enzyme activity. Bombay individuals were confirmed to be homozygous for the inactivated H and Se genes. As expected from the very low frequency of Bombay and para-Bombay individuals in the population, ie, approximately one in two or 300,000, the H gene mutations were found to be very variable, unlike the cases of the point mutations in the other glycosyltransferase genes; the ABO genes, the Lewis gene, and the secretor gene.

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43

Thurl, Stephan, Manfred Munzert, Jobst Henker, Günther Boehm, Beate Müller-Werner, Jürgen Jelinek, and Bernd Stahl. "Variation of human milk oligosaccharides in relation to milk groups and lactational periods." British Journal of Nutrition 104, no. 9 (June 4, 2010): 1261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510002072.

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Human milk oligosaccharides, representing the third largest fraction of human milk, have been assigned important protective functions for newborns acting as bifidogenic substrates or as inhibitory agents towards pathogens. Using high-pH anion-exchange chromatography and an enzyme test kit, twenty oligosaccharides and lactose were determined in milk samples of German women from days 3 to 90 postpartum. Twenty-two secretor mothers with Lewis blood group Le(a − b+) synthesised all twenty oligosaccharides, and could be assigned to milk group 1. Five non-secretor mothers (Le(a+b − )) produced all oligosaccharides with the exception of α1,2-fucosylated compounds (milk group 2), whereas three secretor mothers with blood type Le(a − b − ) lacked α1,4-fucosyloligosaccharides, corresponding to milk group 3. Secretor women of milk groups 1 and 3 synthesised significantly higher amounts of total neutral oligosaccharides and of several total core structures (e.g. lacto-N-tetraose) than non-secretor women. Generally, these oligosaccharides significantly decrease during the first 3 months postpartum. By comparing fucosyloligosaccharides within and among the three milk groups, insight into their biosynthesis could be gained. Six acidic oligosaccharides without fucose residues were detected in milk samples of all mothers. Regression analysis confirmed that total acidic oligosaccharides declined threefold during the study period. Milk samples corresponding to the three milk groups exhibited significant qualitative and quantitative differences during the first 3 months of lactation. It can be assumed that particularly milk of non-secretor women (milk group 2) exerts a modified biological protection in the babies in comparison with milks of secretors (groups 1 and 3).

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44

Pride, David T., Richard J. Meinersmann, and Martin J. Blaser. "Allelic Variation within Helicobacter pylori babA and babB." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 2 (February 1, 2001): 1160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.2.1160-1171.2001.

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ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori strains show both geographic and disease-associated allelic variation. We investigated the diversity present in two genes, babA and babB, which are members of a paralogous family of outer membrane proteins. Eleven family members within a single H. pylori strain, predicted to encode proteins with substantial N- and C-terminal similarity to each other, were classified as babA paralogues. In their central regions, most are less than 54% related to one another. Examining the babA and babB central regions in 42 H. pylori strains from different geographic locales, we identified five different allele groups of babA (AD1 to AD5) and three different allele groups of babB (BD1 to BD3). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the allelic groupings ofbabA and babB are independent of one another and that, for both, geographic variation is present. Analysis of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions in these regions showed thatbabA is more diverse, implying an earlier origin than that of the same region of babB, but that the babAdiversity region may have more functional constraints. Although recombination has been central to the evolution of both genes, withbabA and babB showing low mean compatibility scores and homoplasy ratios of 0.71 and 0.67, respectively, recombination is not sufficient to obscure evidence of clonal descent. Despite the involvement of babA in binding to the host blood group antigen Lewis B, neither the presence of differentbabA allele groups nor that of different babBallele groups is a determining factor in Lewis B binding of H. pylori strains.

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45

Abbott, Andrea M., Tobin Joel Crill Strom, Nadia Saeed, Ravi Shridhar, Sarah E. Hoffe, Khaldoun Almhanna, and Kenneth L. Meredith. "Robotic-assisted Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy in the elderly patient." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2014): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.3_suppl.93.

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93 Background: Esophageal cancer continues to increase in incidence worldwide with the age of diagnosis continuing to move towards an older onset. Robotic assisted approaches to esophagectomy have demonstrated decreased complications and length of hospitalization (LOH). We sought to examine the impact of age on outcomes in patients undergoing robotic assisted esophagectomy (RAIL). Methods: From 2009-2013, we identified patients undergoing robotic assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. Patients were then stratified according to 3 age groups. Cohort 1, age less then 50, cohort 2, age 50-70, and cohort 3 >70. Statistical comparisons between LOH, operative time (OT), estimated blood loss (EBL), adverse events (AE) and mortality were made with Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square tests. Results: We identified 134 patients who underwent RAIL and found no statistically significant difference between the three cohorts for OT, LOH, days spent in intensive care, AE or mortality. There was a difference in EBL with higher median blood loss (150 cc) seen in cohort 1 (50-600cc) and 3 (50-400cc) compared to cohort 2 (100 cc, (25-400cc)), p < 0.01. The most common AE were arrhythmia and pneumonia but this was not significantly different between the cohorts. The overall AE rate was 10% (cohort 1), 21% (cohort 2), 34% (cohort 3), p=0.14. There were 4 leaks (p =0.38) and 2 deaths (p=0.90) in the entire cohort. A separate analysis was done to compare elderly (>70) to the non-elderly (<70). Median EBL was higher in the elderly cohort (100cc (25-600) vs 150cc (50-400), p <0.01). There was a trend towards longer LOH in the elderly (9 (4-35) vs 11 (6-38) days, p =0.06). AE and mortality were not significantly different, although there was a trend toward increased AE (19.8% vs 34%, p=0.07) in the elderly, with arrhythmia being the most common AE. Conclusions: RAIL is a safe surgical technique for use in an aging patient population. We demonstrated there was no increased risk of LOH, AE or death in the elderly patients compared to their younger cohort.

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Sakarya, Ahmet Hamdi, Nicholas Thu Khoa Do, Yen-Lin Huang, Johnny Chuieng-Yi Lu, Tommy Nai-Jen Chang, and David Chwei-Chin Chuang. "Effect of Degree of Arterial Inflow on a Functioning Free Muscle Transplantation in a Rat Gracilis Model." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 36, no. 06 (March 23, 2020): 458–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703016.

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Abstract Background Various surgical effects have previously been studied in an attempt to improve the functional outcome of the functioning free muscle transplantation (FFMT). However, the effect of the recipient arterial inflow on the FFMT has remained uninvestigated. This study was to investigate whether or not high flow versus low flow will affect the functional outcome of FFMT. Methods Rat's left gracilis FFMT model was devised and the nutrient arterial inflow was modified. Twenty-four Lewis rats were divided evenly into relatively high (0.071 mL/min) and relatively low (0.031 mL/min) blood flow groups (p < 0.001). The unoperated right sides served as the controls. Cases resulting in poor function were additionally grouped as functional failure group for comparison. Regular swimming exercise was implemented at 1 month postoperatively for 3 months. Gracilis muscle functions were then evaluated. Results Compared groups were: control (n = 13), low blood flow (n = 10), high blood flow (n = 8), and functional failure (n = 5). The control group showed superior functional results over the experimental groups (p < 0.0001). In the experimental group, successful group showed superior over the poor function group (p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the high- and low-flow groups. Conclusion This is the first study to evaluate the effect of arterial inflow on the FFMT. The rate of blood flow (relatively high vs. low) has little effect on the functional outcome of transferred muscle. Survival of FFMT is the major concern while performing FFMT surgery. Arterial inflow while choosing the recipient artery is not the factor for consideration.

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Delbaere, Louis T. J., Margaret Vandonselaar, Lata Prasad, J. Wilson Quail, Joyce R. Pearlstone, Michael R. Carpenter, Lawrence B. Smillie, Pandurang V. Nikrad, Ulrike Spohr, and Raymond U. Lemieux. "Molecular recognition of a human blood group determinant by a plant lectin." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v90-172.

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The lectin IV of Griffoniasimplicifolia (GS4) specifically binds the terminal tetrasaccharide unit of the Lewis b human blood group determinant (Leb). The single crystal X-ray analysis of the complex with Leb-OMe has demonstrated that the binding site on the lectin is a shallow depression with a negatively charged aspartate side chain at the bottom of the cavity. In addition to this aspartate, a serine and an asparagine side chain provide the polar groups that hydrogen bond to the three hydroxyl groups of Leb, which has been termed the key polar grouping for complex formation. A notable characteristic of the binding site is that five aromatic amino acid side chains (one Phe, two Tyr, and two Trp residues) surround these polar interactions and make van der Waals contacts with the tetrasaccharide. Thus, as predicted from previous solution binding studies, extensive nonpolar interactions are involved, which contribute importantly both to the specificity of the reaction and the stability of the noncovalent complex that is formed. These results represent the first structural example of the molecular recognition of a human blood group determinant by the receptor site of a protein. Extensive sequence homology exists between GS4 and the concanavalin A (Con A), pea, and favin lectins. The main hydrophilic groups of the carbohydrate-binding site of GS4 and Con A are aspartate, asparagine, and serine residues; the homology suggests that the serine is replaced by asparagine in the case of the pea and favin lectins. It appears probable that these two latter lectins possess very similar, if not identical, specificities. Keywords: lectin, carbohydrate, molecular recognition, binding.

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Dykes, Josefina H., Britt Thuresson, Louise Edvardsson, Tor Olofsson, and Martin L. Olsson. "Transcriptional Profile of Carbohydrate Blood Group Genes in Erythroid Versus Neutrophil Differentiation of Human CD34+ Cells In Vitro." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4242.4242.

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Abstract Carbohydrate blood groups and their corresponding antibodies are clinically important, known to be involved in conditions such as hemolytic transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn and spontaneous abortion. However, little is understood about the developmental changes in expression of carbohydrate blood groups during hematopoiesis, with preceding studies mainly focusing on protein-based blood group molecules. We have previously identified the carbohydrate blood group A antigen as the earliest, specific marker for definitive erythroid commitment, in preference to other suggested candidates such as Kell or Glycophorin C [Br J Haematol2004;127:451–63]. With regard to this lineage-restriction point we mapped the gene expression of some clinically important carbohydrate blood group systems during erythroid versus neutrophil differentiation in vitro. Human bone marrow CD34+ cells from healthy donors, carrying the blood group A1 allele and functional secretor (FUT2) and Lewis (FUT3) genes, were cultured in vitro towards erythroid or neutrophil development and sorted on a flow cytometer into subpopulations according to their surface expression of blood group A antigen/CD117 and CD15/CD33. Sorted cells were cultured in clonogenic assays in methylcellulose or analyzed by TaqMan real-time reverse transcriptase PCR for gene expression of a number of carbohydrate blood group glycosyltransferases. Surface expression of the blood group A antigen coincided with commitment to erythroid differentiation and the expression of CD15 with neutrophil/monocytic differentiation. In gene expression studies the ABO, H (FUT1), I (IGnT) and Pk (A4GALT) genes were all expressed in freshly isolated and sorted CD34+ cells. The ABO and the H genes were up-regulated in erythroid differentiation and silenced in neutrophil differentiation. The ABO gene expression was markedly decreased in late stages of erythroid maturation. The I gene was expressed both during erythroid and neutrophil development with an increased expression in late erythroid differentiation. The Pk gene retained a low expression throughout neutrophil differentiation and was up-regulated several-fold during erythroid differentiation. There was no detectable expression of FUT3 and the gene suggested being responsible for biosynthesis of the Sda antigen, GALGT2, in either erythroid or neutrophil differentiation. Our data support the identification of the blood group A antigen as an early and specific marker for definitive erythroid differentiation. In mature cells of the myeloid lineage, the results of the gene expression studies are compatible with previous findings of gene and/or surface expression of the I and Pk blood groups but not of ABO and H. The marked increase in expression of the Pk gene during erythroid differentiation may well agree with the fact that the Pk antigen is the precursor structure of globoside, the most abundant neutral glycolipid in the erythrocyte membrane. The absence of hematopoietic FUT3 expression in Lewis gene positive individuals was expected whilst the relevance of undetectable GALGT2 expression in hematopoietic differentiation is uncertain. The role of the GALGT2 gene in surface expression of Sda has not been definitively proven and the molecular basis of different Sda phenotype variants is unknown. In conclusion, our data extend previous findings of carbohydrate blood group distribution, primarily obtained from mature blood cells and leukemic cell lines, to normal human hematopoiesis.

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Othman, Rgia A., Miyoung Suh, Gabor Fischer, Nazila Azordegan, Natalie Riediger, Khuong Le, Davinder S. Jassal, and Mohammed H. Moghadasian. "A comparison of the effects of fish oil and flaxseed oil on cardiac allograft chronic rejection in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 3 (March 2008): H1452—H1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01280.2007.

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Both fish and flaxseed oils are major sources of different n-3 fatty acids. Beneficial effects of fish oil on posttransplantation complications have been reported. The current study aimed to compare the effects of flaxseed and fish oils in a rat cardiac allograft model. Male Fischer and Lewis rats were used as donors and recipients, respectively, to generate a heterotopic cardiac allograft model. Animals were randomly assigned into three groups and fed a diet supplemented with 1) 5% (wt/wt) safflower oil (control, n = 7), 2) 5% (wt/wt) flaxseed oil ( n = 8), or 3) 2% (wt/wt) fish oil ( n = 7), and an intraperitoneal injection of cyclosporine A (CsA; 1.5 mg·kg−1·day−1) over 12 wk. Body weight, blood pressure, plasma levels of lipids, CsA, select cytokines, as well as graft function and chronic rejection features were assessed. Body weight and blood CsA levels were similar among the groups. Relative to controls, both treated groups had lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure and plasma levels of macrophage chemotactic protein-1. Treatment with fish oil significantly ( P < 0.05) lowered plasma levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol. HDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in the flaxseed oil-treated group compared with the other two groups. Both flaxseed oil and fish oil may provide similar biochemical, hemodynamic, and inflammatory benefits after heart transplantation; however, neither of the oils was able to statistically significantly impact chronic rejection or histological evidence of apparent cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity in this model.

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Oberhuber, G., A. Kranz, C. Dejaco, B. Dragosics, I. Mosberger, W. Mayr, and T. Radaszkiewicz. "Blood groups Lewis(b) and ABH expression in gastric mucosa: lack of inter-relation with Helicobacter pylori colonisation and occurrence of gastric MALT lymphoma." Gut 41, no. 1 (July 1, 1997): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.41.1.37.

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