Artículos de revistas: "Lettura lineare"

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Tagliagambe, Silvano. "Strategie per la riqualificazione urbana". TERRITORIO, n.º 56 (marzo de 2011): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2011-056001.

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Di fronte alla crisi dell'urbanistica razional-comprensiva, intesa come di passaggio lineare dalla pianificazione all'attuazione, č opportuno riferirsi al pensiero di Musil e Wittegenstein. Entrambi riflettono sulla connessione tra eventi e sulla concatenazione tra ‘cose', non dominate da alcuna legge; la lettura della realtŕ che ne emerge č quella di un patchwork di microcosmi, frutto di risposte parziali e di rappresentazioni alternative degli stati di cose. Lavorare sull'idea di progetto, significa operare sulle categorie a cui essa č principalmente incardinata, quelle di spazio e di tempo, in modo di produrre piů immagini possibili secondo l'approccio concettuale proposto da Florenskij. A partire dalla distinzione tra spazio e spazialitŕ, occorre pensare lo spazio in tutte le sue possibili modalitŕ e tipologie, mettendo in evidenza la sua ‘condizione di possibilitŕ' attraverso una rinnovata percezione degli insediamenti urbani.

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Nagy, Benedek y Friedrich Otto. "Linear automata with translucent letters and linear context-free trace languages". RAIRO - Theoretical Informatics and Applications 54 (2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ita/2020002.

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Linear automata with translucent letters are studied. These are finite-state acceptors that have two heads that read the input from opposite sides and for which a set of translucent letters is associated with each state. Thus, head 1, which proceeds from left to right, does not necessarily read the first letter of the current tape content, but it skips a prefix that consists of translucent letters only and reads the first letter after that prefix. Analogously, head 2, which proceeds from right to left, does not necessarily read the last letter, but it skips a suffix that consists of translucent letters only and reads the last letter before that. After such a read operation, the head always returns to its corresponding end of the tape. These linear automata with translucent letters are a generalization of the finite-state acceptors with translucent letters that were studied by the authors in B. Nagy and F. Otto [Finite-state acceptors with translucent letters. In BILC 2011, Proc., edited by G. Bel-Enguix, V. Dahl, and A.O. De La Pente, SciTePress, Portugal (2011) 3-13.] It is shown that these linear automata are strictly more expressive than the model with a single head, but that they still only accept languages that have a semi-linear Parikh image. On the other hand, we obtain a characterization for the class of linear context-free trace languages in terms of a specific class of linear automata with translucent letters.

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Jarjis, Thamir A. y Yahya Q. I. Al-Fadhili. "Linear equation for text cryptography using letters' coordinates". Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 24, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2021): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v24.i1.pp548-553.

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The linear encryption such as Caesar, mono-alphabetic are used to solve the encryption problem in different fields. This module usually encrypts any letter to exact and one corresponding letter. With advanced technologies in computers, these algorithms seem not to be high level secure. This paper proposed a secure encryption algorithm using modified linear encryption by considering the letters’ positions of the plaintext body. Two advantages the proposed algorithm has against traditional ones. First, the cryptography procedures are simple and secure. Secondly, it has higher security because of the non- ingrained nature of poly-alphabetic for substitution. Consequently, the plaintext body is considered as a 2-D matrix, such that, each letter has two coordinates, the ith and jth. These procedures depend on substituting the coordinates of the letter into a linear equation to provide a different substitution letter. The performance of these procedures showed better and robust results by applying the frequency analysis test for this proposed algorithm evaluating.

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Rivera, Diego, Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa, Wim Van der Elst, Isabel Gonzalez, Rosario Ferrer-Cascales, Ana Ivis Peñalver Guia, Alberto Rodriguez-Lorenzana, Javier Galarza-del-Angel, María José Irías Escher y Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla. "Regression-Based Normative Data for Children From Latin America: Phonological Verbal Fluency Letters M, R, and P". Assessment 28, n.º 1 (6 de enero de 2020): 264–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191119897122.

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This study is part of a larger project to generate norms for letter verbal fluency test (VFT) in 3,284 children from nine Latin American countries. The letter VFT (letters M, R, and P) was administered and multiple linear regressions, including age, age2, MPE (mean parental education), MPE2, sex, and interactions were used as predictors. Results showed significant differences across countries for all scores. Age affected scores linearly except for Ecuador (P-letter), in which a quadratic effect was found. Scores increased linearly as a function of MPE, with the exception of Mexico (R-letter), in which a quadratic effect was found. Age by MPE (M- and P-letters), and age by MPE2 (R-letter) interactions were found in Mexico. Sex had an impact on letter R in Cuba, and letter P in Ecuador and Paraguay. Age2 by sex interaction was found in Ecuador (P-letter). These norms will be useful for clinical neuropsychologists in these countries to evaluate their patients’ verbal fluency.

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Fiset, Daniel, Frédéric Gosselin, Caroline Blais y Martin Arguin. "Inducing Letter-by-letter Dyslexia in Normal Readers". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2006): 1466–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.9.1466.

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Letter-by-letter (LBL) dyslexia is an acquired reading disorder characterized by very slow reading and a large linear word length effect. This suggests the use of a sequential LBL strategy, in sharp contrast with the parallel letter processing used by normal subjects. Recently, we have proposed that the reading difficulty of LBL dyslexics is due to a deficit in discriminating visually similar letters based on parallel letter processing [Arguin, M., Fiset, S., & Bub, D. Sequential and parallel letter processing in letter-by-letter dyslexia. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 19, 535–555, 2002]. The visual mechanisms underlying this deficit and the LBL strategy, however, are still unknown. In this article, we propose that LBL dyslexic patients have lost the ability to use, for parallel letter processing, the optimal spatial frequency band for letter and word recognition. We claim that, instead, they rely on lower spatial frequencies for parallel processing, that these lower spatial frequencies produce confusions between visually similar letters, and that the LBL compensatory strategy allows them to extract higher spatial frequencies. The LBL strategy would thus increase the spatial resolution of the visual system, effectively resolving the issue pertaining to between-letter similarity. In Experiments 1 and 2, we succeeded in replicating the main features characterizing LBL dyslexia by having normal individuals read low-contrast, high-pass-filtered words. Experiment 3, conducted in LBL dyslexic L.H., shows that, indeed, the letter confusability effect is based on low spatial frequencies, whereas this effect was not supported by high spatial frequencies.

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Rybakov, Mikhail y Dmitry Shkatov. "Algorithmic properties of first-order modal logics of linear Kripke frames in restricted languages". Journal of Logic and Computation 31, n.º 5 (14 de mayo de 2021): 1266–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/logcom/exab030.

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Abstract We study the algorithmic properties of first-order monomodal logics of frames $\langle {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{N}}, \leqslant \rangle $, $\langle {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{N}}, < \rangle $, $\langle \mathbb {Q}, \leqslant \rangle $, $\langle \mathbb {Q}, < \rangle $, $\langle {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{R}}, \leqslant \rangle $, $\langle {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{R}}, < \rangle $, as well as some related logics, in languages with restrictions on the number of individual variables as well as the number and arity of predicate letters. We show that the logics of frames based on $ {\textrm{I}\!\textrm{N}}$ are $\varPi ^1_1$-hard—thus, not recursively enumerable—in languages with two individual variables, one monadic predicate letter and one proposition letter. We also show that the logics of frames based on $\mathbb {Q}$ and ${\textrm{I}\!\textrm{R}}$ are $\varSigma ^0_1$-hard in languages with the same restrictions. Similar results are obtained for a number of related logics.

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Mahmudah, Sintia, Lisda Widiastuti y Siti Ernawati. "Sistem Informasi Manajemen Pengarsipan Surat Masuk Dan Surat Keluar (Studi Kasus : Ma Darul Ihya Bogor)". JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 3, n.º 3 (30 de julio de 2019): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v3i3.1215.

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At MA Darul Ihya Bogor correspondence is an important means of communication. One of the problems in managing letters at the MA Darul Ihya Bogor is the inefficient filing of mail data that still uses a manual system. With the number of incoming letters and outgoing letters each meeting makes a letter that is in the archive so that the search becomes inefficient because not all files are arranged properly. One effort to overcome this problem is to create an in and outgoing mail management information system. The research method used in this study is the method of Lifecycle Development (SDLC) with the Waterfall model. The waterfall model (waterfall) is often also called a linear sequential (linear sequential) model. The results of this study are to make this site-based management information system can facilitate business administration in the process of inputting incoming and outgoing mail data, searching for incoming and outgoing mail data, making reports of incoming and outgoing mail data producing the required information quickly and accurately.

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SABER, Kifah Jumaah Hafth. "THE CONTROVERSY OF ROOTING AND CONTRASTING ONE-‎LETTER FORMATIONS". RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, n.º 01 (1 de enero de 2022): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.15.15.

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The concept of rooting and renewal in Arabic calligraphy is linked to the ‎calligrapher’s need to show new aesthetic methods, through formations and calligraphic ‎structures based on a single letter. The perceptual vision of the calligrapher, so this ‎research was concerned with studying the rooting and renewal of the rule of the single ‎letter in the formations of Arabic calligraphy in particular, which included four chapters, ‎the first chapter included the research problem, its importance, objectives, limits and ‎definition of its terms. ‎ As for the second chapter, it deals with tracing the concept of rooting and ‎renewal and its connection with the artist and the possession of the idea and the ability ‎to technical aesthetic expression, through the one-letter linear formations made by ‎calligraphers, relying on the spatial organization and choosing the appropriate letter for ‎the composition. The analysis concluded with a number of results that were devoted to the fourth ‎chapter, which showed rooting, renewal, acceptance of decorative and different ‎aesthetic formations in structural structures, and investing some characteristics of letters ‎to arrange and divide the linear structure into creative forms and structures.

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9

Simmonds, Jess, Karina L. Allen, Caitlin B. O’Hara, Savani Bartholdy, Beth Renwick, Alexandra Keyes, Anna Lose et al. "Therapist written goodbye letters: evidence for therapeutic benefits in the treatment of anorexia nervosa". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, n.º 4 (17 de marzo de 2020): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465820000089.

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AbstractBackground:Despite their use in clinical practice, there is little evidence to support the use of therapist written goodbye letters as therapeutic tools. However, preliminary evidence suggests that goodbye letters may have benefits in the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN).Aims:This study aimed to examine whether therapist written goodbye letters were associated with improvements in body mass index (BMI) and eating disorder symptomology in patients with AN after treatment.Method:Participants were adults with AN (n = 41) who received The Maudsley Model of Anorexia Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) in a clinical trial evaluating two AN out-patient treatments. As part of MANTRA, therapists wrote goodbye letters to patients. A rating scheme was developed to rate letters for structure and quality. Linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between goodbye letter scores and outcomes after treatment.Results:Higher quality letters and letters that adopted a more affirming stance were associated with greater improvements in BMI at 12 months. Neither the overall quality nor the style of goodbye letters were associated with improvements in BMI at 24 months or reductions in eating disorder symptomology at either 12 or 24 months.Conclusions:The results highlight the potential importance of paying attention to the overall quality of therapist written goodbye letters in the treatment of AN, and adopting an affirming stance.

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Cahyani, Septa, Rita Wiryasaputra y Rendra Gustriansyah. "Identifikasi Huruf Kapital Tulisan Tangan Menggunakan Linear Discriminant Analysis dan Euclidean Distance". JURNAL SISTEM INFORMASI BISNIS 8, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21456/vol8iss1pp57-67.

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The human ability to recognize a variety of objects, however complex the object, is the special ability that humans possess. Any normal human will have no difficulty in recognizing handwriting objects between an author and another author. With the rapid development of digital technology, the human ability to recognize handwriting objects has been applied in a program known as Computer Vision. This study aims to create identification system different types of handwriting capital letters that have different sizes, thickness, shape, and tilt (distinctive features in handwriting) using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Euclidean Distance methods. LDA is used to obtain characteristic characteristics of the image and provide the distance between the classes becomes larger, while the distance between training data in one class becomes smaller, so that the introduction time of digital image of handwritten capital letter using Euclidean Distance becomes faster computation time (by searching closest distance between training data and data testing). The results of testing the sample data showed that the image resolution of 50x50 pixels is the exact image resolution used for data as much as 1560 handwritten capital letter data compared to image resolution 25x25 pixels and 40x40 pixels. While the test data and training data testing using the method of 10-fold cross validation where 1404 for training data and 156 for data testing showed identification of digital image handwriting capital letter has an average effectiveness of the accuracy rate of 75.39% with the average time computing of 0.4199 seconds.

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Nuramal. "Pengaruh Sanksi Administrasi Dan Surat Paksa Terhadap Optimalisasi Pencairan Tunggakan Pajak Pada KPP Pratama Makassar Utara". Tangible Journal 4, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2019): 260–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47221/tangible.v4i2.84.

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This study aims to determine the effect of Administrative Sanctions and Forced Letters on Optimizing Disbursement of Tax Arrears at the Pratama Tax Office North Makassar. Data collection uses secondary data obtained from the Pratama Makassar North Tax Service Office. The population is 36 tax payers and the sample is 36. The data analysis method uses multiple linear regression techniques. The results of this study indicate that administrative sanctions show a positive and significant. This means that administrative sanctions have a positive effect on optimizing the disbursement of tax arrears. The forced letter shows positive and significant. This means that forced letters have a positive and significant effect on optimizing the disbursement of tax arrears.

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Lescht, Erica, Michael Walsh Dickey, Melissa D. Stockbridge y Nan Bernstein Ratner. "Adults Who Stutter Show Diminished Word Fluency, Regardless of Mode". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 65, n.º 3 (8 de marzo de 2022): 906–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-21-00344.

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Purpose: Language abilities have long been thought to be weaker in adults who stutter (AWS) compared to adults who do not stutter (AWNS). However, it is unknown whether modality affects language performance by AWS in time pressure situations. This study aimed to examine lexical access and retrieval abilities of AWS in oral and typed modes. Method: Fifteen AWS and 15 well-matched AWNS completed computer-administered letter fluency tasks. Adults were asked to orally produce words that began with one of two letter targets and type words that began with one of two alternate letters. Conditions were counterbalanced across participants. Results: Generalized linear mixed-effects models were evaluated to determine the effects of group (AWS/AWNS), mode (oral/typed), and expressive vocabulary on letter fluency performance. Group predicted letter fluency such that AWS generated fewer items on both the oral and typed letter fluency tasks. Mode did not impact letter fluency results. Expressive Vocabulary Test scores predicted letter fluency similarly in both AWS and AWNS. Conclusions: AWS were not penalized by oral task demands. AWS generated fewer items on the letter fluency tasks regardless of response mode, suggesting that they have weaker lexical access abilities. Furthermore, better expressive vocabulary skills were associated with better letter fluency performance in both groups.

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Brown, Junius F. "Development and Citizenship in the Chinese “Mayor’s Mailbox” System". Asian Survey 61, n.º 3 (mayo de 2021): 443–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2021.61.3.443.

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This article applies Distelhorst and Fu’s (2019) typology of citizenship performances to an original sample of 200 online Mayor’s Mailbox letters to examine how scripts of citizenship differ between richer and poorer areas of China. Using a mixed-methods approach, I find that letters in more developed areas are significantly less likely to present the writer as a submissive subject, but no more likely to frame complaints in terms of rights and legality. I also find that many letter writers behave as “constructive citizens” by stressing their interest in helping the authorities improve local governance. These findings challenge linear understandings of the value shift that follows development, and suggest that the focus on contention in the literature on citizenship under authoritarianism overlooks other, more cooperative forms of political participation in consolidated autocracies.

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Milburn, Trelani F., Kathleen Hipfner-Boucher, Elaine Weitzman, Janice Greenberg, Janette Pelletier y Luigi Girolametto. "Cognitive, linguistic and print-related predictors of preschool children’s word spelling and name writing". Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 17, n.º 1 (24 de julio de 2016): 111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468798415624482.

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Preschool children begin to represent spoken language in print long before receiving formal instruction in spelling and writing. The current study sought to identify the component skills that contribute to preschool children’s ability to begin to spell words and write their name. Ninety-five preschool children (mean age = 57 months) completed a battery of cognitive, linguistic, as well as print-related measures, including spelling/writing tasks (i.e. letters, words and name). All writing samples were scored using scoring matrices and inter-rater reliability was 90% and above. Hierarchical linear regression was conducted for word spelling, indicating that after controlling for age and IQ, the model of best fit included expressive vocabulary, working memory, blending, letter naming and letter writing ability. Logistic regression was conducted for name writing, indicating that the model that included age, expressive vocabulary, letter naming and letter writing identified preschool children who wrote their name conventionally and those who could not. Letter writing explained unique variance in both word spelling and name writing, and phonological awareness explained unique variance in word spelling only. These findings suggest that different processes underlie word spelling and name writing, supporting the consideration of a dual-route model of children’s early spelling and writing ability.

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Pratiwi, Saesar Ayu, Elly Suryani y Kurnia Kurnia. "PENGARUH SELF ASSESMENT SYSTEM, SURAT TAGIHAN PAJAK DAN RESTITUSI PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI TERHADAP PENERIMAAN PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (PPN) (Studi Kasus Pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Cibinong Tahun 2014-2016)". Jurnal Akuntansi, Bisnis dan Ekonomi 4, n.º 2 (24 de septiembre de 2018): 1201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33197/jabe.vol4.iss2.2018.181.

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This study aims to examine the influence of Self Assessment System, Tax Refining Letter, and VAT Refund of Value Added Tax at Primary Tax Office Cibinong during 2014-2016. The data used in this research is the type of secondary data year 2014-2016. The population in this study is the data of all types of taxes at the Tax Office Pratama Cibinong. The sample selection technique used is purposive sampling. Data analysis method in this research is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 23. Based on the results of the study, simultaneously Self Assessment System, Tax Refining Letters, and VAT Restitution have a significant effect on VAT revenue. While partially, Self Assessment System has a positive and significant effect on VAT revenue, Tax Refining Letters has no significant effect on VAT revenue, and VAT refund has a negative and significant effect on VAT revenue

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FROUGNY, CHRISTIANE y JACQUES SAKAROVITCH. "AUTOMATIC CONVERSION FROM FIBONACCI REPRESENTATION TO REPRESENTATION IN BASE φ, AND A GENERALIZATION". International Journal of Algebra and Computation 09, n.º 03n04 (junio de 1999): 351–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196799000230.

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Every positive integer can be written as a sum of Fibonacci numbers; it can also be written as a (finite) sum of (positive and negative) powers of the golden mean φ. We show that there exists a letter-to-letter finite two-tape automaton that maps the Fibonacci representation of any positive integer onto its φ-expansion, provided the latter is folded around the radix point. As a corollary, the set of φ-expansions of the positive integers is a linear context-free language. These results are actually proved in the more general case of quadratic Pisot units. Résumé: Tout nombre entier positif peut s'écrire comme une somme de nombres de Fibonacci; tout entier peut également s'écrire comme une somme (finie) de puissances (positives et négatives) du "nombre d'or" φ. Nous montrons qu'il existe un automate à deux bandes, fini et lettre-à-lettre, qui envoie la représentation d'un entier en base de Fibonacci sur sa représentation dans la base φ modulo le fait qu'on a replié cette dernière autour du point décimal. On en déduit que l'ensemble des représentations des entiers en base φ est un langage context-free linéaire. Tous ces résultats sont en fait établis dans le cas général où la base considérée est un nombre de Pisot quadratique unitaire.

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Rybakov, Mikhail y Dmitry Shkatov. "Undecidability of QLTL and QCTL with two variables and one monadic predicate letter". Logical Investigations 27, n.º 2 (19 de diciembre de 2021): 93–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-1472-2021-27-2-93-120.

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We study the algorithmic properties of the quantified linear-time temporal logic QLTL in languages with restrictions on the number of individual variables as well as the number and arity of predicate letters. We prove that the satisfiability problem for QLTL in languages with two individual variables and one monadic predicate letter in Σ 11 -hard. Thus, QLTL is Π 11 -hard, and so not recursively enumerable, in such languages. The resultholds both for the increasing domain and the constant domain semantics and is obtained by reduction from a Σ 11 -hard N×N recurrent tiling problem. It follows from the proof for QLTL that similar results hold for the quantified branching-time temporal logic QCTL, and hence for the quantified alternating-time temporal logic QATL. The result presented in this paper strengthens a result by I. Hodkinson, F. Wolter, and M. Zakharyaschev, who have shown that the satisfiability problem for QLTL is Σ 11 -hard in languages with two individual variablesand an unlimited supply of monadic predicate letters.

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Nam, Kyung Min. "How young children make sense of two different writing systems: Korean written in the Hangul alphabet, and English written in the Roman alphabet". Journal of Early Childhood Literacy 18, n.º 4 (10 de enero de 2017): 490–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468798416685384.

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Although many young children become literate within an environment in which different writing systems exist, there is little research on what children know about different writing systems and how they understand and develop them when they are learning more than one simultaneously. This qualitative study discusses how Korean EFL (English as a Foreign Language) children understand two different writing systems, the Korean alphabet, Hangul, and the Roman alphabet, used for English, within a peer teaching setting. The findings show that they were able not only to discover key orthographic principles which characterise each writing system but also to find similarities and differences between Hangul and English from different points of view: shapes of letters (block shaped vs linear), language units (syllables vs letters) and sound–letter relationship (shallow orthography vs deep orthography). The paper suggests that young children are able to look for key concepts in different writing systems by constructing their own ideas about the principles of reading and writing from an early age as active language learners.

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Langaas, Trine. "Visual acuity in children: The development of crowded and single letter acuities". Scandinavian Journal of Optometry and Visual Science 4, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2011): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5384/sjovs.vol4i2p21.

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Previous research has explored the development of visual acuity in babies and children, and it has been established that the measured acuities are dependent on the methods used to test visual function. In the present study the developmental trends in crowded versus single letter visual acuities were explored. 343 children 5 to 11 years of age, was tested using Glasgow Acuity Cards (GAC), and a significant correlation between binocular visual acuity and age was found using simple regression analysis (y=0.023x + 0.81, r2 = 0.32). Mean values on crowded visual acuity varied between 0.95 ± 0.6 in 5 year olds to 1.08 ± .09 logMAR in 11 year olds. One way ANOVA confirmed the developmental trend (F(1, 341)=160.45, p<0.0001). In a second study, this result were replicated in a smaller group of fully corrected children (regression analysis showed significant development with age, y=0.025x+.86, r2 = 0.429, one way ANOVA: F(1,72) = 54.11, p<0.0001). The repeatability of the GAC was tested using a test-retest strategy, 6 months apart. A significant improvement of monocular visual acuities at the second retest may be explained, at least in part, by the expected development during this period. A single letter acuity test was constructed by matching GAC optotypes. Fiftyt two emmetropic children (mean age 8.21±1.76 yrs) were tested on both tests. Developmental trends were then compared for single and crowded acuities. Linear regressions were F(1,50)=23.87, p=0.0001, y=0.019x+0.915, r2=0.31 for crowded letters and F(1,50)=5.81, p<0.05, y=0.009x+1.07, r2=0.104 for single letters. Repeated measures ANOVA (test * age) showed reliable differences for both main effects. Single letter acuity was found to display a very slight developmental trend, and was better than crowded acuity. When deciding normal values and cut-off limits, one have to take into consideration which test is being used as normative data will not directly translate from one test to another.

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Krawatzek, Félix y Gwendolyn Sasse. "Integration and Identities: The Effects of Time, Migrant Networks, and Political Crises on Germans in the United States". Comparative Studies in Society and History 60, n.º 4 (octubre de 2018): 1029–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417518000373.

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AbstractThis article offers the first large-scale analysis of the interlinked dynamics of integration and belonging based on perceptions of “ordinary” German-speaking migrants in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Our analysis draws on a corpus of over a thousand letters from the North American Letter Collection held at the Forschungsbibliothek Gotha in Germany. Through computer-assisted text analysis, framed by research on transnationalism and immigrant integration, we explore patterns in integration and identities over time. We show how the migrants continuously redefine their identities vis-à-vis their homeland and the host society, and their letters thereby shape the image of the United States and the homeland for their recipients. Our analysis establishes more comprehensively than have previous historical and social science studies that integration into a host society is a non-linear process. Immigrant identities are influenced less by the time they have spent in the receiving country than by critical political events that affect both the country of origin and that of destination. Such events can reactivate migrant's identifications with their homeland. Immigrant networks filter this dual process in that they can facilitate migrants’ integration while also reminding them of people and places left behind.

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Mukha, V. S. "Linear procrustes transformation for letter recognition". Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 46, n.º 3 (mayo de 2012): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0146411612030066.

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Brito, Anna Luiza Bizerra, Dimitri Albuquerque Araújo, Márcio José Coelho Pontes y Liliana Fátima Bezerra Lira Pontes. "Near infrared reflectance spectrometry classification of lettuce using linear discriminant analysis". Analytical Methods 7, n.º 5 (2015): 1890–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02407a.

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Natis, Lilian. "Modelos hierárquicos lineares." Estudos em Avaliação Educacional, n.º 23 (30 de junio de 2001): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.18222/eae02320012206.

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<span style="font: 13px/normal verdana, arial; color: #000000; text-transform: none; text-indent: 0px; letter-spacing: normal; word-spacing: 0px; float: none; display: inline !important; white-space: normal; background-color: #ffffff;">O artigo mostra que estruturas hierárquicas de dados são encontradas freqüentemente em diversos estudos e que elas são caracterizadas pela presença de unidades experimentais agrupadas em outras unidades maiores. Para avaliar dados desta natureza podem ser utilizados os modelos lineares hierárquicos (MLH), que constituem uma nova formulação para os modelos de efeitos aleatórios que permite especificar cada um dos níveis de hierarquia separadamente e incorporar efeitos aleatórios associados a cada um desses níveis. O modelo hierárquico com dois níveis é apresentado e ilustrado. É apresentada, ao final, uma aplicação na área da educação, utilizando dados do SARESP 97 (Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo). </span>

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Lee, Ching-Pei y Chih-Jen Lin. "Large-Scale Linear RankSVM". Neural Computation 26, n.º 4 (abril de 2014): 781–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00571.

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Linear rankSVM is one of the widely used methods for learning to rank. Although its performance may be inferior to nonlinear methods such as kernel rankSVM and gradient boosting decision trees, linear rankSVM is useful to quickly produce a baseline model. Furthermore, following its recent development for classification, linear rankSVM may give competitive performance for large and sparse data. A great deal of works have studied linear rankSVM. The focus is on the computational efficiency when the number of preference pairs is large. In this letter, we systematically study existing works, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and propose an efficient algorithm. We discuss different implementation issues and extensions with detailed experiments. Finally, we develop a robust linear rankSVM tool for public use.

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25

Rizali, Muhammad, Zainal Warhat y Edwar Zebua. "PENGARUH ELEMEN-ELEMEN DESAIN KOMUNIKASI VISUAL (DKV) BOX ART GAME TERHADAP STORY LINE BERDASARKAN PERSEPSI GAMERS PADA VIDEO GAME POPULER DI INDONESIA". Gorga : Jurnal Seni Rupa 8, n.º 2 (27 de septiembre de 2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/gr.v8i2.14700.

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AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh parsial dan simultan elemen gambar, elemen huruf, dan elemen warna DKV desain Box Art Game pada story line video game. Jenis penelitian ini adalah survey eksplanasi. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 151 responden gamer yang diperoleh secara on line melalui media sosial face book. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan acak sederhana dengan cara mengupload kuesioner ke jaringan grup media sosial gamer face book. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi berganda. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan telah diuji terlebih dahulu validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Persamaan regresi linear dengan menggunaan SPSS diperoleh: Y = -1,029 + 0,305 X1 + 0,05 X2 + 0,250 X3 + e. Melalui pengujian hipotesis diperoleh bahwa ada pengaruh parsial elemen gambar (X1) dan elemen warna (X3) terhadap story line (Y) diterima, sedangkan pengaruh elemen huruf (X2) terhadap story line (Y) ditolak. Pengaruh simultan elemen gambar (X1), eleman huruf (X2) dan elemen warna (X3) terhadap story line (Y) diterima. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis maka dapat disimpulkan variabel elemen gambar dan elemen warna berpengaruh dalam menjelaskan story line video game. Elemen huruf tidak berpengaruh dalam menjelaskan story line video game. Dalam penelitian ini elemen gambar memberi pengaruh paling besar terhadap story line dengan koefisien regresi 0,305. Secara simultan elemen gambar, eleman huruf dan elemen warna berpengaruh menjelaskan story line video game sebesar 44%.Kata Kunci: desain, box art game, elemen.AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of partial and simultaneous image elements, letter elements, and color elements DKV design Box Art Game on the video game story line. This type of research is an explanatory survey. The instrument in this study used a questionnaire with a total sample of 151 gamers who were obtained online through face book social media. The sampling technique uses simple random method by uploading questionnaires to the network network of face book gamers. The data analysis technique used in this study is multiple regression analysis. The research instrument used was tested for its validity and reliability. The linear regression equation using SPSS is obtained: Y = -1,029 + 0,305 X1 + 0,05 X2 + 0,250 X3 + e. Through testing the hypothesis, it was found that there was a partial effect of the image element (X1) and color element (X3) on the story line (Y) received, while the influence of the letter element (X2) on story line (Y) was rejected. The effect of simultaneous image elements (X1), letters (X2) and color elements (X3) on story line (Y) is accepted. Based on hypothesis testing, it can be concluded that the variable image elements and color elements are influential in explaining the story line of video games. The letter element has no effect in explaining the story line of video games. In this study the image element gives the most influence on the story line with a regression coefficient of 0.305. Simultaneously drawing elements, elements of letters and influential color elements explain the video game story line by 44%.. Keywords: desain, box art game, elemen.

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26

Gonçalves, Gabriella Rodrigues, Cláudia Lopes Prins, Maria Inês Diel y Alessandro Dal’Col Lúcio. "Linear relationships between biometric variables in lettuce seedlings". Revista Ceres 69, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2022): 659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-737x202269060004.

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Nes, Jermo van. "Hapax Legomena in Disputed Pauline Letters: A Reassessment". Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 109, n.º 1 (6 de febrero de 2018): 118–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znw-2018-0006.

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Abstract: To argue for the pseudonymity of disputed Pauline letters on the (partial) basis of their disproportional high number of hapax legomena continues to be common practice among New Testament scholars. By means of linear regression analysis, it is shown that only 1 and 2 Timothy use significantly more hapaxes than the undisputed Pauline letters. If, however, proper noun hapaxes, hapaxes taken from citations, and hapaxes which – upon removal of its preposition – have a common lexeme are not taken into consideration, it appears that none of the disputed Pauline letters use significantly more hapaxes than the undisputed Pauline letters.

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28

Gent, Martin P. N. "Factors Affecting Relative Growth Rate of Lettuce and Spinach in Hydroponics in a Greenhouse". HortScience 52, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2017): 1742–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12477-17.

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Relative growth rate (RGR), the relative increase in weight per day, can analyze the effect of environment and nutrition on growth. I examined which of the parameters responding to plant growth scaled according to RGR for lettuce and spinach grown in heated greenhouses in hydroponics with control of the nutrient solution. The experiments for lettuce in 2006–08 included all times of year, high vs. low temperature, and effect of withdrawal of nitrogen. There were four parameters that were significant in multiple linear regression vs. RGR; irradiance divided by leaf area index if it was greater than one, or normalized daily light integral (NDLI), solution temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and logarithm solution nitrate when it was between 3 and 55 mg·L−1 N. NDLI had the most significant coefficient, but the other parameters had regression coefficients more than three times se. For experiments on spinach in 2009–10, all the parameters mentioned previously were significant in multiple linear regression vs. RGR, except EC. The coefficient for NDLI in spinach was about half the value in lettuce. The coefficients for solution temperature and low nitrate were two and three times that in lettuce. In a third set of experiments on lettuce in 1996–98, solution temperature was the only significant parameter among those mentioned previously. The coefficient for solution temperature was similar to that for regression of lettuce in 2006–08.

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29

Maas, Harro. "True Grid: Three Case Studies of Moral Accounting". East Asian Science, Technology and Society 14, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2020): 309–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8538670.

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Abstract This article examines and compares three grids that were designed to serve explicit moral accounting goals: the calculation and improvement of character. The examples are tables which fall under a broad definition of diagrams. The examples follow another in time, but it is not the article’s intention to suggest a historical lineage between them. Rather, it is the intention to clarify the interplay between grids and the precepts or keys to their use. The first case is the so-called ledger of merit and demerit that was propagated by Yuan Huang, a scholar and bureaucrat of the late Ming-period, who recommended its use for moral improvement in four letters to his son, of which the most famous letter was on the improvement of one’s own fate. The second is Benjamin Franklin’s Art of Virtue, which Franklin in his autobiographical letter to his son equally described as a tool of moral improvement. The third is the so-called moral thermometer, or biometer, a tool developed by the French revolutionary and pedagogical innovator Marc-Antoine Jullien, who described this tool as a moral mirror and compass that would be especially of use in preparing and educating adolescents for their adult lives. All three represent generic methods of producing knowledge about an individual’s (moral) character, knowledge on which the users of these tables could act. Their differences have to do with the perceived relation of moral conduct to other spheres of life, religious, social, and economic, or all of these combined, but also with the different precepts to their use.

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30

Breure, T. S., A. E. Milne, R. Webster, S. M. Haefele, J. A. Hannam, S. Moreno-Rojas y R. Corstanje. "Predicting the growth of lettuce from soil infrared reflectance spectra: the potential for crop management". Precision Agriculture 22, n.º 1 (10 de agosto de 2020): 226–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11119-020-09739-x.

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AbstractHow well could one predict the growth of a leafy crop from reflectance spectra from the soil and how might a grower manage the crop in the light of those predictions? Topsoil from two fields was sampled and analysed for various nutrients, particle-size distribution and organic carbon concentration. Crop measurements (lettuce diameter) were derived from aerial-imagery. Reflectance spectra were obtained in the laboratory from the soil in the near- and mid-infrared ranges, and these were used to predict crop performance by partial least squares regression (PLSR). Individual soil properties were also predicted from the spectra by PLSR. These estimated soil properties were used to predict lettuce diameter with a linear model (LM) and a linear mixed model (LMM): considering differences between lettuce varieties and the spatial correlation between data points. The PLSR predictions of the soil properties and lettuce diameter were close to observed values. Prediction of lettuce diameter from the estimated soil properties with the LMs gave somewhat poorer results than PLSR that used the soil spectra as predictor variables. Predictions from LMMs were more precise than those from the PLSR using soil spectra. All model predictions improved when the effects of variety were considered. Predictions from the reflectance spectra, via the estimation of soil properties, can enable growers to decide what treatments to apply to grow lettuce and how to vary their treatments within their fields to maximize the net profit from the crop.

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31

Hannagan, Thomas, Frédéric Dandurand y Jonathan Grainger. "Broken Symmetries in a Location-Invariant Word Recognition Network". Neural Computation 23, n.º 1 (enero de 2011): 251–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00064.

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We studied the feedforward network proposed by Dandurand et al. ( 2010 ), which maps location-specific letter inputs to location-invariant word outputs, probing the hidden layer to determine the nature of the code. Hidden patterns for words were densely distributed, and K-means clustering on single letter patterns produced evidence that the network had formed semi-location-invariant letter representations during training. The possible confound with superseding bigram representations was ruled out, and linear regressions showed that any word pattern was well approximated by a linear combination of its constituent letter patterns. Emulating this code using overlapping holographic representations (Plate, 1995 ) uncovered a surprisingly acute and useful correspondence with the network, stemming from a broken symmetry in the connection weight matrix and related to the group-invariance theorem (Minsky & Papert, 1969 ). These results also explain how the network can reproduce relative and transposition priming effects found in humans.

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32

Dewi, Novi Purnama, Mohammad Yudi Mahadianto y Mardi Mardi. "Pengaruh Inflasi, Wajib Pajak Dan Surat Paksa Terhadap Penerimaan Kpp Pratama Cirebon". Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi 2, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/jka.v2i2.1743.

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AbstractThis research was conducted on the KPP Pratama Cirebon in the period 2014-2016. This research aims to test the influence of the inflation rate, the number of registered taxpayers and publishing letters against the forced acceptance of the income tax. The research method used is the method of descriptive with the quantitative approach. The sample used as many as 35 of the data selected by the method of saturated samples. The statistical test used was multiple linear regression analysis, classical assumptions, test hypotheses and coefficients of determination. The research used SPSS statistics version 23 for windows. The results of this research show the inflation rate, the number of registered taxpayers and publishing the letter had no effect against the forced acceptance of the income tax.Keywords: Inflation; Forced publication; Receipt of income tax. AbstrakPenelitian inu dilakukan pada KPP Pratama Cirebon pada periode 2014-2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh tingkat inflasi, jumlah wajib pajak terdaftar dan penerbitan surat paksa terhadap penerimaan pajak penghasilan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel yang diguanakan sebanyak 35 data yag dipilih dengan metode sampel jenuh. Pengujian statistik yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda, uji asumsi klasik, uji hipotesis dan koefisien determinasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan program SPSS versi statistics 23 for windows. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tingkat inflasi, jumlah wajib pajak terdaftar dan penerbitan surat paksa tidak berpengaruh terhadap penerimaan pajak penghasilan. katakunci : Inflasi.; Penerbitan surat paksa; Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan.

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33

Willcutts, John F., Allen R. Overman, George J. Hochmuth, Daniel J. Cantliffe y Puffy Soundy. "A Comparison of Three Mathematical Models of Response to Applied Nitrogen: A Case Study Using Lettuce". HortScience 33, n.º 5 (agosto de 1998): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.5.833.

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Modern fertilization recommendations must optimize crop yield and quality and minimize chances of negative environmental effects due to overfertilization. Data from fertilizer studies can be fitted to several mathematical models to help determine optimum fertilizer rates, but resulting recommendations can vary depending on the model chosen. In this research, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was used as a case study vegetable crop to compare models for estimating fertilizer N requirements. Greenhouse studies were conducted with `South Bay' and `Sierra' cultivars of crisphead lettuce to measure yield response to applied N. Individual plants were grown in pots and received six rates of N (0.0, 0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8, and 1.0 g/plant) as ammonium nitrate in split applications. Data for plant fresh mass and N uptake were recorded. The logistic model described the data for both cultivars quite well, with correlation coefficients of 0.98 and above. The logistic model was also applied to field data for average head mass of `South Bay' lettuce following application of N at 0,56,112,168,224, and 280 kg·ha-1. Logistic, linear-plateau, and quadratic models were compared for the field data. Coefficients for the linear-plateau model were derived from the logistic model. All three models for lettuce production were compared graphically and analytically. The model coefficients were then used to make improved estimates of fertilizer recommendations for field production of lettuce.

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34

Bachmann, Henrik y Tatsushi Tanaka. "Rooted tree maps and the derivation relation for multiple zeta values". International Journal of Number Theory 14, n.º 10 (25 de octubre de 2018): 2657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042118501592.

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Rooted tree maps assign to an element of the Connes–Kreimer Hopf algebra of rooted trees a linear map on the noncommutative polynomial algebra in two letters. Evaluated at any admissible word, these maps induce linear relations between multiple zeta values. In this note, we show that the derivation relations for multiple zeta values are contained in this class of linear relations.

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35

Abrardo, Andrea y Giuliano Benelli. "Letter non-linear equalization for incoherent radiomobile channel". European Transactions on Telecommunications 8, n.º 5 (septiembre de 1997): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4460080511.

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36

Cani, Antônio Carlos Pinheiro, Rafael Vieira de Azevedo, Rogério Novais Pereira, Mônica Alves de Oliveira, Modesto Antônio Chaves y Luís Gustavo Tavares Braga. "Phytodepuration of the effluents in a closed system of fish production". Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 14, n.º 2 (junio de 2013): 371–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402013000200012.

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It was evaluated the feasibility of growing lettuce intercropped with Nile tilapia farming in a hydroponic system and the efficiency upon the improvement of the quality of the effluent. The experimental structure was composed of one module for fish production and other for plant production in the hydroponic system. It was used production technique NFT (Nutrient Film Technique), and the nutrient solution used was the effluent of fish farming. It was used a randomized block experimental design with four treatments and three replications, considering each repetition an 8-day cycle in hydroponics. The treatments were: 20; 40, 60 and 80 plants for the first, second, third and fourth treatments, respectively. Electrical conductivity, pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen did not change (P>0.05) in relation to the input effluent and they were not affected (P>0.05) by the number of plants. We observed a linear effect of number of plants on the parameters orthophosphate and nitrite, ie the higher the number the greater the removal of plants for these parameters in the water. The percentage of nitrogen in leaves and roots of lettuce was not influenced by the number of plants. There was a linear effect of the number of plants on the accumulation in lettuce leaves parameters dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus. There was a linear effect of the number of plants on the accumulation of dry matter and phosphorus and quadratic effect on nitrogen accumulation in roots of lettuce.There is a technical feasibility of integrating the intensive Nile tilapia farming in a closed system of recirculating water in the production of hydroponic lettuce, with nutrients remotion such as nitrogen and phosphorus from the effluents and their incorporation in leaves and roots of lettuce.

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37

Segall, Kevin I. y Martin G. Scanlon. "Design and Analysis of a Modified-atmosphere Package for Minimally Processed Romaine Lettuce". Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 121, n.º 4 (julio de 1996): 722–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.4.722.

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The first goal of this study was to determine the packaging film O2 permeability required to maintain a steady-state O2 concentration of 3% in modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) of minimally processed romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The second goal of the study was to determine the extent to which MAP could preserve lettuce quality and consequently extend product shelf life. Oxygen consumption rates of commercially prepared lettuce samples were determined in a closed system for each of three atmospheres (3% O2 combined with either 6%, 10%, or 14% CO2). Enzymatic, quadratic, and linear mathematical models were compared to determine which best described the respiratory data. The linear model was the most suitable and was used to predict the O2 consumption rate of the minimally processed romaine lettuce under the desired package headspace gas concentrations. The predicted O2 consumption rate was used to calculate the necessary O2 permeability for the packaging film. Packages (21.6 × 25.4 cm) were constructed from a polypropylene-polyethylene-laminate film with the appropriate O2 permeability. Packaged samples were stored under three modified atmospheres (MAs) (3% O2 combined with either 6%, 10%, or 14% CO2) for 20 days, and headspace gas concentrations, lettuce appearance, and color were evaluated every other day. Growth of pectinolytic and lactic acid bacteria was also studied. The O2 consumption rate of the lettuce decreased with increasing CO2 levels. The O2 levels in the MA packages equilibrated at 7% to 11%. Compared to a control atmosphere of air, MAP delayed the development of tissue discoloration. Preliminary results indicated no effect of MAP on microbial growth. Of the three CO2 levels, 10% was slightly more effective than 6% and 14%. Critical choice of packaging permeabilities combined with MAP maintained the quality of minimally processed romaine lettuce and thereby increased shelf life by about 50%.

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38

Tang, Yan y Mao Chang Qin. "A New Method for Finding Solutions of Linear Partial Differential Equation". Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (marzo de 2011): 675–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.675.

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A useful technique is adopted to study special solutions of a general Black and Scholes equation in this letter. Several kinds of new special solutions are obtained. This method is effective for finding special solutions of linear differential equation with variable coefficient.

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39

Wu, Hao, Yongqiang Cheng y Hongqiang Wang. "Isometric Signal Processing under Information Geometric Framework". Entropy 21, n.º 4 (27 de marzo de 2019): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21040332.

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Information geometry is the study of the intrinsic geometric properties of manifolds consisting of a probability distribution and provides a deeper understanding of statistical inference. Based on this discipline, this letter reports on the influence of the signal processing on the geometric structure of the statistical manifold in terms of estimation issues. This letter defines the intrinsic parameter submanifold, which reflects the essential geometric characteristics of the estimation issues. Moreover, the intrinsic parameter submanifold is proven to be a tighter one after signal processing. In addition, the necessary and sufficient condition of invariant signal processing of the geometric structure, i.e., isometric signal processing, is given. Specifically, considering the processing with the linear form, the construction method of linear isometric signal processing is proposed, and its properties are presented in this letter.

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40

Seidu, Razak, Ingrid Sjølander, Amina Abubakari, Dennis Amoah, John A. Larbi y Thor Axel Stenström. "Modeling the die-off of E. coli and Ascaris in wastewater-irrigated vegetables: implications for microbial health risk reduction associated with irrigation cessation". Water Science and Technology 68, n.º 5 (1 de septiembre de 2013): 1013–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.335.

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This study assessed the die-off of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Ascaris suum on lettuce (Great Lakes 118) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) in wastewater-irrigated fields using comparative mathematical die-off models. The study revealed that none of the survival curves of E. coli and A. suum was best fitted with the log-linear model, indicating that the classical first-order kinetic approach is inadequate in many cases. The biphasic die-off model best described the die-off of E. coli on lettuce (kmax1 = 2.62 day−1 and kmax2 = 0.22 day−1) and cabbage (kmax1 = 1.06 day−1 and kmax2 = 0.53 day−1). The die-off of A. suum on lettuce was best described by the biphasic model (kmax1 = 0.48 day−1 and kmax2 = 0.01 day−1) and best described by log linear + tail (kmax = 0.44) on cabbage. A comparative health risk assessment associated with the consumption of lettuce showed significant underestimation of the number of days of irrigation cessation required to achieve E. coli O157:H7 and Ascaris tolerable annual infection risk when using biphasic die-off rates compared with other die-off rates. The study stresses the need to test different die-off models as inputs for quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) particularly for interventions associated with health risk reduction.

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41

Gilyén, András, Zhao Song y Ewin Tang. "An improved quantum-inspired algorithm for linear regression". Quantum 6 (30 de junio de 2022): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-06-30-754.

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We give a classical algorithm for linear regression analogous to the quantum matrix inversion algorithm [Harrow, Hassidim, and Lloyd, Physical Review Letters'09] for low-rank matrices [Wossnig, Zhao, and Prakash, Physical Review Letters'18], when the input matrix A is stored in a data structure applicable for QRAM-based state preparation.Namely, suppose we are given an A∈Cm×n with minimum non-zero singular value σ which supports certain efficient ℓ2-norm importance sampling queries, along with a b∈Cm. Then, for some x∈Cn satisfying ‖x–A+b‖≤ε‖A+b‖, we can output a measurement of |x⟩ in the computational basis and output an entry of x with classical algorithms that run in O~(‖A‖F6‖A‖6σ12ε4) and O~(‖A‖F6‖A‖2σ8ε4) time, respectively. This improves on previous "quantum-inspired" algorithms in this line of research by at least a factor of ‖A‖16σ16ε2 [Chia, Gilyén, Li, Lin, Tang, and Wang, STOC'20]. As a consequence, we show that quantum computers can achieve at most a factor-of-12 speedup for linear regression in this QRAM data structure setting and related settings. Our work applies techniques from sketching algorithms and optimization to the quantum-inspired literature. Unlike earlier works, this is a promising avenue that could lead to feasible implementations of classical regression in a quantum-inspired settings, for comparison against future quantum computers.

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42

Makkaew, P., M. Miller, N. J. Cromar y H. J. Fallowfield. "The influence of the microbial quality of wastewater, lettuce cultivars and enumeration technique when estimating the microbial contamination of wastewater-irrigated lettuce". Journal of Water and Health 15, n.º 2 (9 de diciembre de 2016): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2016.145.

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This study investigated the volume of wastewater retained on the surface of three different varieties of lettuce, Iceberg, Cos, and Oak leaf, following submersion in wastewater of different microbial qualities (10, 102, 103, and 104E. coli MPN/100 mL) as a surrogate method for estimation of contamination of spray-irrigated lettuce. Uniquely, Escherichiacoli was enumerated, after submersion, on both the outer and inner leaves and in a composite sample of lettuce. E. coli were enumerated using two techniques. Firstly, from samples of leaves – the direct method. Secondly, using an indirect method, where the E. coli concentrations were estimated from the volume of wastewater retained by the lettuce and the E. coli concentration of the wastewater. The results showed that different varieties of lettuce retained significantly different volumes of wastewater (p < 0.01). No statistical differences (p > 0.01) were detected between E. coli counts obtained from different parts of lettuce, nor between the direct and indirect enumeration methods. Statistically significant linear relationships were derived relating the E. coli concentration of the wastewater in which the lettuces were submerged to the subsequent E. coli count on each variety the lettuce.

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43

Qian, Yong Sheng, Zheng Zheng Ren, Fang Lin y Qing Zeng. "How the Swine Lineage Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Spread?" Key Engineering Materials 460-461 (enero de 2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.460-461.21.

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This letter establishes the Cellular Automata (CA) Modeling for the Swine lineage influenza A (H1N1) and analyzes its spreading features accordingly, which，actually，turns out that the Preventive-controlling Measure, or the Isolating Policy, in China is not only essential but also feasible. And more important, the CA Modeling presented herewith can also be applied to forecast the percentage of population with the virus infected and will be of significant function for drafting the preventive and controlling policies of the Swine lineage influenza A (H1N1) virus.

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44

Chen, Jinfa, Qishan Nie, Yun Zhang, Jinzhao Hu y Lin Qing. "Eco-physiological characteristics of Pistia stratiotes and its removal of pollutants from livestock wastewater". Water Science and Technology 69, n.º 12 (7 de abril de 2014): 2510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.176.

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The effectiveness of water lettuce in removing pollutants including organic pollutants, nitrogen (NH3-N) and total phosphorus (TP) from livestock wastewater along with the physiological effects and their correlations, was studied for the first time. The results showed that the water lettuce had higher removal efficiency with low concentrations of livestock wastewater. The removal efficiency of water lettuce for different initial concentrations of livestock wastewater within 8 d was as follows: chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) (68–82%) > NH3-N (57–69%) >TP (27–45%). The speed of purification of water lettuce for CODcr, NH3-N and TP conformed to first order kinetics equations. The water quality indices CODcr, NH3-N and TP had a higher linear correlation with peroxidase (POD) activity (R2 > 0.92) than with superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, which indicates that the main reacting enzyme of water lettuce under high CODcr stress is peroxidase.

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45

Lawson, Doris P. "A Teacher's Journal: From Caterpillar to Butterfly A Mathematics Teacher's Struggle to Grow Professionally". Teaching Children Mathematics 4, n.º 3 (noviembre de 1997): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/tcm.4.3.0140.

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This quote is part of the letter that Barry B. wrote about the fourth-grade mathematics program at Saint Thomas, Regional School. I doubt that he or anyone else would have written such a letter to me five years ago. My mathematics program, like so many around the country, was textbook driven, linear, abstract.

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46

PARK, JU H. y O. M. KWON. "SYNCHRONIZATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS OF NEUTRAL TYPE WITH STOCHASTIC PERTURBATION". Modern Physics Letters B 23, n.º 14 (10 de junio de 2009): 1743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909019909.

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In this letter, the problem of feedback controller design to achieve synchronization for neural network of neutral type with stochastic perturbation is considered. Based on Lyapunov method and LMI (linear matrix inequality) framework, the goal of this letter is to derive an existence criterion of the controller for the synchronization between master and response networks.

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47

Novakazi, Fluturë, Patrik Inderbitzin, German Sandoya, Ryan J. Hayes, Andreas von Tiedemann y Krishna V. Subbarao. "The Three Lineages of the Diploid Hybrid Verticillium longisporum Differ in Virulence and Pathogenicity". Phytopathology® 105, n.º 5 (mayo de 2015): 662–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-10-14-0265-r.

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Verticillium longisporum is an economically important vascular pathogen of Brassicaceae crops in different parts of the world. V. longisporum is a diploid hybrid that consists of three different lineages, each of which originated from a separate hybridization event between two different sets of parental species. We used 20 isolates representing the three V. longisporum lineages and the relative V. dahliae, and performed pathogenicity tests on 11 different hosts, including artichoke, cabbage, cauliflower, cotton, eggplant, horseradish, lettuce, linseed, oilseed rape (canola), tomato, and watermelon. V. longisporum was overall more virulent on the Brassicaceae crops than V. dahliae, which was more virulent than V. longisporum across the non-Brassicaceae crops. There were differences in virulence between the three V. longisporum lineages. V. longisporum lineage A1/D1 was the most virulent lineage on oilseed rape, and V. longisporum lineage A1/D2 was the most virulent lineage on cabbage and horseradish. We also found that on the non-Brassicaceae hosts eggplant, tomato, lettuce, and watermelon, V. longisporum was more or equally virulent than V. dahliae. This suggests that V. longisporum may have a wider potential host range than currently appreciated.

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48

Ferrara, F. y L. Del Vecchio. "Clinical relevance of acute mixed-lineage leukemia [letter; comment]". Blood 79, n.º 10 (15 de mayo de 1992): 2799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.10.2799.2799.

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49

Ferrara, F. y L. Del Vecchio. "Clinical relevance of acute mixed-lineage leukemia [letter; comment]". Blood 79, n.º 10 (15 de mayo de 1992): 2799–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v79.10.2799.bloodjournal79102799.

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50

Mirro, J., GR Kitchingman, DL Williams, SB Murphy, TF Zipf y SA Stass. "Mixed lineage leukemia: the implications for hematopoietic differentiation [letter]". Blood 68, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1986): 597–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v68.2.597.597.

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