Tesis sobre el tema "Les élites"
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Genieys, William. "Les élites face à l'Etat : l'institutionnalisation des élites périphériques espagnoles". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010272.
In Spain the constitution of specific political and administrative elites has to be related to the changing territorial links between the center and the periphery. History of the Spanish state can explain the type of elites which has the power in the center and in the periphery. The trajectory of the Spanish state has led the peripheral elites to define themselves against the central political power or to ignore it. Only the franquist regime suceeded in creating a unified national elite : the cathocrats. The constitution of the "autonomy state", with the demoratic transition, led to the institutionalization of the peripheral elites, crucible of the Spanish political personnel. They are empirical studied in Catalonia and in Andalusia
El, Boukhrissi Mohammed. "Les élites et les changements socio-politiques au Maroc : des élites bloquées ?" Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082386.
The transformation of Moroccan's political system is governed by two principles: a rooted authoritarian culture and the importance of religion. Those parameters constitute the real stake of the change we have tried to analyze in order to understand the relation between the elitist and the state. The elitist has to choose between accepting participation in a politic imposed by the power of refusing it and thus be excluded. This connection: participation/exclusion has governed the relation between elitists and the state since the independence; in such a situation, could the elitists participate actively at the change in Morocco? Are they in situation of gestation and block? This research tries to answer those questions
Rauscher, Jacques-Benoît. "Les professeurs de Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Écoles : une élite au service des élites ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0052.
Teachers of Classes Préparatoires aux Grandes Ecoles have an important place in the selection and the socialization of the elites in France. This research examines the characteristics of this group, its heterogeneity and its behavior in changing situations. This work is based on interviews, on a questionnaire sent to all French teachers and on an historical study about teachers' associations. This study highlights the fact that these teachers are more a specific “segment” in their professional group than a professional elite. In such a context, this research shows that teachers can take advantage of both a normative legitimacy and pragmatic legitimacy. These two types of legitimacy explain why the teachers of Classes Préparatoires, in contrast with the other French teachers, do not adopt a defensive posture, when changes occur in their institution. This work finally puts forward how this group is marked by disparities relating in particular to the status of the institution and the local context of practice
Daloz, Jean-Pascal. "Des élites locales au Nigéria". Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR1D029.
Based on intensive field researches (using various methodologies : questionnaires, interviews, observation) carried out all over nigeria during a five years stay, this thesis contributes to a better understanding of political elites behaviour at the local government level, emphasizing symbolic dimensions within the framework of complex political cultures (characterised by modern and traditional intermingling). Three complimentary perspectives are developed : first a study of institutional and influential elites with an analysis of their political resources. Secondly, a study of representations. Thrirdly, a study of relationships between the elites (conflicts, clientelism, factions etc. ). This work tries to show the limits of both marxist and institutional studies about nigeria, which do not pay enough attention to empirical realities. Theoratically speaking, this thesis proposes new approaches mainly to the question of representations in political sciences
Angel, Benjamin. "Sociologie des élites politiques françaises". Paris 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA020046.
The present work offers an analysis of the sociological background of the french political elites (ministers, members of the cabinets, members of parliament) over the 14 years of mr mitterrand's presidency, with a special interest for the elites contemporary to mr balladur's government. Highlighting social, intellectual and professional origins, the thesis intends to prove the persistance of an inequality in the access to democratic elites. It also intends to shows the validity of the notion of "political class". Last, it provides elements concerning the evolution of the structure of those three fortresses of power (parlialent, government and cabinets)
Ennas, Giorgio <1989>. "OTTOMAN éLITES AND MODERNISATION ACTORS". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9255.
Stoiciu, Andrei. "Les élites politiques roumaines : 1989-1999". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0003.
Ferret, Jérôme. "Les élites politiques en Midi-Pyrénées". Toulouse 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU10018.
The sociology of political elites in Midi-Pyrénées shows the permanence of notability tropisms in the definition of the southern eligibility. It also reveals that there are specific departmental networks which intervene in the selection and the training of its members. These members are mainly selected in the region. However, these facts of internal reproduction can not only be explained in a mechanistic way by referring whether to the paradigm of archaism or the paradigm of modernity. As time goes by, datas are changing. In fact, the combination of acquired or inherited resources simply bring predispositions, potentialities that need to be put up to date following circumstances. This quite particular work is not mechanic but it is more precisely a matter for a complex organization of constraints met in reality. Now, local political elites intervene in various fields. Potential constraints may turn into real resources and vice versa. The conditions of political job practice keep changing following the rhythm of change and social issues. The analysis of the functional aspect of the paradigm of actualization in three different areas shows very well that the position of "adventurer" of the local political leader is all the more claimed since the traditional legitimacy, characteristic of the local origin and the social wealth, is weak. The local ambition significantly increase and now one sells some "local". In the same way, this process of responsibilization which goes hand with their still growing ambition does not make easier their task. The ruling network gets more localized, more technical especially for the regional elites. The changes of political spaces both strengthen local leadership but also put the emphasis on territorial disparities in Midi-Pyrénées
Bouvier, Anne-Catherine de. "Les élites politiques en Irlande, 1801-1829". Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN1247.
In 1801, Great-Britain and Ireland joined to form the United-Kingdom; in 1829, catholics were emancipated after a hard-fought campaign in Ireland. In 1800, Ireland was a protestant kingdom; in 1829, it was perceived as a catholic country. In the meantime, the legitimacy of Ireland's political elites was increasingly challenged, from both the people and the officials of the state. Three decades after the Union, Irish political life had settled along religious, if not sectarian lines. At the same time, Ireland's official political elites seem to have failed in the performance of their traditional duties. They failed to maintain public peace and order, they proved defficient in the exercise of the prerogatives of property, and were deeply divided, both in their views of Ireland's past and in their analyses of the situation. From an English point of view, they were the wayward child among imperial elites, enjoying ascendancy over a chaotic country. In ireland, their legitimacy eroded, to the benefit of emerging catholic elites, aiming at the status of full-fledged elites, while the orange order, then becoming articulate and structured, was fighting a rearguard fight. This study examines this double aspect of the crisis of Irish elites
Van, Renterghem Vanessa. "Les élites bagdadiennes au temps des Seldjoukides". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010712.
Serres, François. "Les élites de l'administration publique en Colombie". Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030127.
This paper explores the degree of legitimacy of Colombia’s elite civil servants, who operate in a context of institutional crisis and economic transformation. The study analyzes the sociological origin of this class of elites, their education and training, and their selection into civil service positions. In addition, it explores their career trajectories, which are never exclusively in the public sector. Finally, it describes their value system, including their relationship with money (links with lobbying groups and corruption) and politics (unclear distinctions between civil service and politics). This study reveals that, within this group of elites, there is a core group of top civil servants who have managed for many years the economic policy of the country. This core group, that constitutes a de facto meritocracy, tries to extend its sphere of influence beyond the economy, but faces opposition from the “legal elites” and the persistence of clientelist practices
Charle, Christophe. "Intellectuels et élites en France : 1880-1900". Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010515.
Chrétien, Michel. "L'indépendance du champ chez les élites sportives". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1987. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5737/1/000569486.pdf.
Grandinetti, Paola. "Les élites citadines d'Asie Mineure à l'époque Hellénistique". Bordeaux 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR30018.
This study examine three cities, reconstructing the organisation of the daily life, from the point of the rich ones. To get this result it is picked the documentation of Milet, Priene and Kyme. It is tried to isolate some dominent people for their economical ability
Barakat, Leila. "Vers une gestion moderne des élites au Liban". Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020008.
Cheirezy, Céline. "Les élites sociales en Lauragais au XIIIe siècle". Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20025.
Words, gestures from others, few possessions distinguish elites. Their powers, reputation and influence put under their domination. Power and reputation originate in birth, competence, knowledge, fortune. We can distinguish lordly elites, and urban elites who have exalted position in their town as notaries, craftsmen, merchants, consuls. However, fortune or knowledge aren't sufficient to be an elite : spatial position in the town allow to have reputation and to be considered as elite. The composition of elites change with the Crusade against Albigeois, the inquisitorial action and the linking up of the Toulouse county in the French kingdom. But many families of elites hold one's own, in spite of the condemnation of members because heresy. This fact can be explained by strategies which strengthen social position and partake of consciousness of identity. This survey allow to elaborate a system of the elite notion
Savane, Lamine. "Le renouveau des élites politiques au Mali : Sociologie des élites parlementaires maliennes de l'avènement de la démocratie à nos jours (1992-2012)". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10059.
The Malian political elite's “sociography” remains unexplored. This thesis based on the elite's sociology, aims at studying the Malian parliamentary elites' careers from 1992 to 2012.Its goal is to study the MPS' social background.In this study we assert that the Malian political field is the result of a political hybridisation stemming from the pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial History. This hybridisation also highlights the weight of lineage, the promotion of vote-catching opportunism of self-made men who constantly reshuffle the voters' registration card in the multiparty political regime of the post-dictatorial era. Thus, the MPS' legitimacy is akin to a dual legitimacy, both “traditional” and “modern”. This legitimacy lies mainly on the resources available for the members of parliament, namely the social background (family and territorial) and the position in Malian society (social status, occupation, level of education).In order to complete this political picture of the Malian parliamentary elite, we intend through this paper to stress the “professionalization abilities” of members of parliament to turn their social peculiarities (social background, social wealth) into political resources (electoral clientele).In order to achieve that, institutional analysis remains insufficient to account for the recruiting of that parliamentary elite. The blending of party sociology, occupations, roles (local or national) and networks underlines the political bias and professionalization of MPS. By analyzing the reality of multiparty in Mali in a different political and socio- cultural background, this research strengthens the concepts of political sociology linked to a peculiar democratic process. Political competition , which basically rests upon political parties, cannot suffice to account for this professionalization process. One must also consider other unbiased players who, through parallel channels, manage to adopt and interiorize the political field's codes
Baron, Bruno. "Élites, pouvoirs et vie municipale à Brest, 1750-1820". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724666.
Grosescu, Raluca. "La conversion politique des élites communistes roumaines après 1989". Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100073.
This thesis recounts the transformation of the former Romanian communist elites and their political trajectories between 1989 and 2000. It identifies the mechanisms of political conversion, the various ways in which the former nomenklatura adapts itself to the new political game, the building of the new political identities and the positioning of the former elites towards the themes that structured the Romanian political life after 1989: the attitude towards to the recent past and the economic reforms. This thesis is structured in four parts. The first one retraces the specificity of the Romanian communism and its elites. The second one examines the events of December 1989 in Romania, with a particular attention to their effects on the mobility of the political elites. We are questioning the nature of the extrication path from communism and the degree of the changing of social hierarchies determined by the demise of the communist regime. The third part of the thesis analyses the degree of the reproduction of the former nomenklatura in the national political institutions between 1990 and 2000: the parliaments, the governments and the presidential administrations. It redraws the political regrouping of the former elites in different political parties and determines the typologies of the political parties created by the former nomenklatura members, according to their position towards the economic reform and the attitude to the former communist regime. The fourth part analyses the Romanian post-communist transitional justice, with a particular accent on the role played by the former communist elites in the adoption or the rejection of different policies of dealing with the past
Paluchowski, Adam. "Les élites urbaines en Crète sous le Haut Empire". Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR2003.
Al, Zghayare Khouloud. "Les élites politiques syriennes (1946-1963) : discours et pratiques". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA068.
This research focuses on the discourse of the Syrian political elite that dominated the political scene from 1946 to 1963, in other words, from Independence until the Ba`ath military committee came to power. To understand how this discourse has been built and how it has been put into practice, elites have been divided into three categories: Liberal, military and emergent (nationalist, islamist, and communist). These elites are viewed from a political and a historical perspective, as well as a social one based on their discourse: its creation, its constitution and its application. We therefore relied on documents produced by and about leaders, their memoirs, speeches, press articles, statements and parties’ legal statuses.This research utilizes comparative analytical approach. Based on the theories of Foucault, Bourdieu and Keller, which establishes a link between the text of the discourse and the political, economic and cultural contexts in which it has been produced. Moreover, the methodological approach allows one to study the history and the formation of the elites, the “social actors,” as well as, perform an analysis of discourses based on their different concepts, slogans and practices. This research showed that if the Syrian political elite’s discourse appears to be committed to modernity (society and State), their political practices remain strongly influenced by their socio-cultural, local and ideological constitution. It is also influenced by the requirements of the power struggle inside and outside of Syria. This discourse is “elitist” especially because it represents the interests of the upper class/bourgeoisie and further, it is used to conceal the difference between theory and practice. Studying this period of Syrian history creates an understanding of Syria’s evolution after the Arab Spring. It therefore helps in grasping the current situation and answering questions about the Syrian conflict
De, Souza Waldémar. "La place des élites religieuses et traditionnelles au Bénin : l'impact de leurs relations avec les élites politiques sur le maintien de l'Etat démocratique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0403/document.
The apparition of democracy in Benin has contributed to the emergence ofreligious and traditional elites on the public stage. These elites have seized theopportunity that the institutional state transformations have offered them to organizethemselves into lobbies and to try to improve their social situation. However, theirambitions go beyond their traditional domains, and these religious and traditional eliteswish to participate in the development of public policy and of the Beninese state. Thisambition underlines the probability of the development of a joint or plural managementof cities, notably on a local level, between political, religious and traditional elites.Also, although the position of the Beninese state concerning religious and traditionalchieftainships has varied since the declaration of independence and the state recognizesthat these chieftainships have a certain importance, these the status of these socialinstitutions remains unclear. However, the country’s successive governments andpolitical elites can have an instrumental conception of these relations. It is also worthnoting that the religious and traditional elites do not remain passive concerning the stateand political elites’ actions. There can be several different kinds of response to thequestion of how these political, religious and traditional elites come together, responseswhich imply certain relational configurations which have an impact on the Beninesestate
Bouloc, Caroline. "Les élites dans les villes polonaises : étude de géographie sociale". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010721/document.
After 1989, the transition from a socialist to a capitalist economic system created major structural changes in Polish urban areas. Élites, great winners in this process, are redefining social and spatial distances between themselves and other social groups. This thesis combines quantitative approaches in the analysis of the three largest cities of Poland (Warsaw, Cracow and Lodz) with qualitative analysis (interviews with representatives of Warsaw’s élites) in order to identify the new spatial dynamics of Polish élites. Firstly, this study presents the social and urban changes due to the political and economic transition of Poland, and explains how the élites are able to redefine themselves in this new environment. A comparison of the concentrations of the upper classes in the three cities (from the mid-nineteenth century to 2002) helps to prove the persistence of social mechanisms of distinction in space at different times. Despite the homogenization of social space during socialism, pre-war good neighbourhoods never really disappeared. Against all expectations, social space in 2002 presents lower concentrations of the upper classes than before 1989, due to social dispersion. Finally, the analysis of élites’ residential preferences and behaviours, together with the analysis of élites’ representations and social practices in Warsaw, helps to highlight different spatial practices according to the type of élite. Changes in social practices within the city occurred against a background of stable mental representations
Przejście od systemu socjalistycznego do systemu kapitalistycznego przyczyniło się do poważnych zmian strukturalnych w polskich miastach po 1989 roku. Elity, jako wielcy wygrani tego procesu, na nowo ustanawiają dystansy społeczne i przestrzenne między sobą a innymi grupami społecznymi. Poniższa rozprawa doktorska opiera się zarówno na analizie ilościowej, przeprowadzonej w trzech największych miastach w Polsce (Warszawa, Kraków i Łódź) jak i jakościowej, w postaci wywiadów z przedstawicielami tej kategorii w Warszawie. Zastosowanie metod ilościowych i jakościowych umożliwiło identyfikację nowej dynamiki przestrzennej polskich elit. W rozprawie doktorskiej przedstawiono zmiany tkanki miejskiej oraz przemiany społeczne, będące wynikiem procesu transformacji systemowej oraz wyjaśniono w jaki sposób elity definiują się ponownie w nowym środowisku. Porównanie koncentracji wyższych kategorii społecznych w skali makro w trzech miastach od połowy XIX wieku do 2002 r. potwierdziło trwałość społecznych mechanizmów wyróżnianiania się tej grupy w przestrzeni w różnych okresach. Przedwojenne prestiżowe dzielnice nie znikły w okresie socjalizmu, pomimo homogenizacji społecznej w skali miasta. Niemniej jednak, koncentracja klasy wyższej w 2002 r. była niższa niż w 1988 r., z powodu rozpraszania się tej kategorii w przestrzeni miasta. Przeprowadzona analiza zachowań i preferencji mieszkaniowych, jak również analiza percepcji i praktyk społecznych warszawskich elit, uwypukliły odmienność zachowań społecznych elit. Poza tym, zmianie uległy również praktyki społeczne elit w mieście, podczas gdy percepcja społeczna i przestrzenna pozostały niezmienione
Hnilica, Jiří. "La France dans la formation des élites tchécoslovaques (1900-1950)". Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010643.
Terme, Renaud. "La perception de l'islam par les élites françaises (1830-1914)". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BOR30004/document.
Perceiving means to receive an information, to take it into account, to compare this information with the data from our memory, to process it according to our ways of thinking and then to pull from the image thus formed a consequence, that is to say: an act. To approach the perception of Islam by the French elites between 1830 and 1914, we initially, in our first book, made a compilation of presentations that "scholarship" elites - historians, writers, religious, linguists, philologists, artists - made of Islam; of the data they could receive from their memory, since we talked about Islam since Peter the Venerable; and of these ways of thinking that characterized the era by studying the evolution of the meaning of concepts like civilization, race, and political economy. We then, in a second book attempted to understand how and why the thus formed image had resulted in the colonization of Islamic lands by politicians, their advisors, their supporters, officers, industrialists, investors and administrators. Finally, in a third book, we tried to follow to this day the judgements that are made about these orientalist works. It seems to us that the process of an image, deliberately, and from the beginning, truncated by men convinced that early techniques of natural science could be applied to human sciences has led to a misunderstanding of both worlds
Orrego, Penagos Juan Luis. "Ilusiones liberales, civiles y élites en el Perú del siglo XIX". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122132.
Peñaranda, Vargas Maria Claudia. "Imaginarios indígenas: El álbum de las élites sobre el indígena amazónico". Anthropía, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/78081.
Iraki, Aziz. "Petites villes et villes moyennes : État, migrants et élites locales (Maroc)". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010613.
The study of small towns and middle towns in particular has long been dominated by the functionalist analysis of urbanization leading to conclusions attesting the weak part these towns played in the organization of space. The present work seeks to study this type of towns through some of their actors. The reduction of the state's capacity of redistribution in the 80's, along with the riots which occurred in the cities, have led the state to focus on the large cities, thereby partially supplying their needs in both basic equipment and infrastructure. Small and middle towns which have indeed become the real recipients of rural depopulation have only been awarded a residual policy. The end of long migratory passages, the narrowness of demographic recruitment of small and middle towns conceal a situation where the rural migrant keeps a permanent relationship with his/her native rural background trough interfamily transfers. Small and middle towns receive more and more migrants in their outskirts. Under the pressure of an ever-growing population (precarious dwelling, irregular or the so-called "clandestine" dwelling) and under the impulse of international financial bodies (world bank, usaid, etc. ), a new regulation policy is being set. A policy that first recognizes the right of those in possession of property. It also imposes a new dimension to the social transaction. Here, the local elite is seen as the needed mediator between the state and the populations. The same could be said about the articulation of the local economy at both national and international levels and the needs for local relays able to valorize the local potentialities
Lavelle, Pierre. "Les textes et les thèmes fondamentaux du nationalisme des élites japonaises". Paris, INALCO, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INAL0018.
Miermont, Philippe. "Géopolitique, développement et nouvelles élites économiques en Asie du Sud-Est". Paris 8, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA081204.
Lefèvre, Corinne. "Pouvoir et élites dans l'empire Moghol de Jahangir (r. 1605-1627)". Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0013.
Among all the emperors of what has sometimes been termed the Mughal "golden age" (1556-1707), Jahangir (1605-1627) is certainly the one whose political competence has been deemed the weakest. Systematically described as a pale continuator of his famous predecessor Akbar, he is also vilified for having given up the reins of government to his favorite wife Nur Jahan. Reacting against the ill tretaments which have been inflicted on Jahangir by historians since the colonial period, this work offers a thorough re-examination of his reign. First of all, the prologue brings to light the historiographical processes which have presid over the construction of the image of political incapability associated with this sovereign. As for the body of the work, it subjects the jahangirid imperium to an analysis crossing different viewpoints. The point of view adopted in the first part is that of the monarch himself and leads to an exhaustive study of the imperial discourses (memoirs, paintings, buildings, coins) : taken together, these productions show that Jahangir's political sense was quite as actue as his father's. The second part deals with their lord and master (co-operation, resistance, revolt), through the analysis of a series of texts belonging to the genre of subimperial literature. Based on contemporary chronicles, the archives of several religious establishments and Sufi literature, the third part examines the mainlines of Jahangir's religious policy and the way some ulama and Sufis reacted to it. Finally, the epilogue opens the discussion by exploring the relations between the Mughal Empire and two of three other great contemporary Muslim powers, the Safavid and Uzbel dynasties
Cabayé, Olivier. "Histoires de familles : les élites à Albi (vers 1500 - vers 1600)". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010666.
Dumoulin, Marie. "Les élites politiques kazakhstanaises : faire carrière dans un Etat en formation". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0043.
Contrary to existing analyses, which see the clan factor as central for the structuration of kazakhstani political elites, this dissertation studies individual career-strategies of elected representatives and civil servants since the independence. Three methods have been adopted :- Statistical analysis of a sample of 690 biographies : it reveals important differences between elites’ profiles and the Kazakhstani society as a whole. This analysis provides the basis for a typology of career trajectories. Appointments since 1992 reveal that younger generations increasingly take-over former Party executives ;- Study of career stories : the persons interviewed expressed their dependency towards cooptation mechanism as well as a deep distrust of political, economic and social transformations of their environment ;- Analysis of specific biographies, which allows to question the vision of a clan-divided political elite, be it along the lines of traditional or economic clans. A network-based approach is more relevant. At the individual level, various acquaintances (e. G. Matrimonial links, friendship, professional relations) allow the individual to enter those networks. These links of acquaintance are a central factor in the articulation of the economic and political spheres, as well as a mediation between state and society. This mode of mediation can be analysed through the prism of political clientelism, but it also expresses deeps changes of the public/private dichotomy, as well as of the bases of trust in the Kazakhstani society
Mondjo-Londo, Edgard. "Élites, pouvoirs et sorcelleries au Gabon de 1946 à nos jours". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU10071.
Duval, Nathalie. "L'École des Roches : une "école nouvelle" pour les élites (1899-2006)". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040058.
Our thesis deals with the education of the elites through a study of an institution emblematic of the « new education », the Ecole des Roches, a boarding school in rural Normandy. We have followed its history from 1899 to the present, and done so from three different viewpoints : educational, economic and sociological. Deliberately British-inspired, the Ecole des Roches was established by Edmond Demolins as the prototype of the « new school » in France (first part of our thesis). It became the recognized crucible of the new educational approach (second part). Compared with the neighbouring Collège de Normandie, the Ecole des Roches is a better-managed business venture which enjoyed its heyday between the two world wars as the model « new school ». Its reputation and influence extended, both within France and internationally, to public and private educational circles (third part). After 1945, the term « new school » was no longer appropriate, but the Ecole des Roches still remains original in the landscape of French education. A school for the wealthy or an incubator for the elites ? A sociological study of the « Rocheux » (as the school’s alumni are known) seeks to address this question. We shall attempt to set the outline and operating methods of their network (fourth part). Finally, our thesis looks at the school memory and the way it has evolved through the shifts in student recruitment, ranging from traditional families of the upper bourgeoisie and aristocracy to the current gilded elites of globalization
Rua, Linda. "Les réseaux sociaux au cœur du pouvoir : les élites en question". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED069.
This thesis explores one of the potential impediments to the development of Madagascar, which has been experiencing a recession and recurrent socio-political crises for sixty years: relations between the elites. Elites’ integration is indeed considered as essential to the stability of democratic regimes. Using a database of unprecedented scope and comprehensiveness, and innovative techniques, we analyse the structure of the global elites’ network and show that elites are globally integrated, but in a very unequal way. Some elite groups (especially those with the most modest social backgrounds) are on the margins of this network; while the most influential and socially advantaged elites hold a privileged place and prefer "keep to themselves". This type of integration has never been described before in the literature. By examining the distribution of elites’ ego-networks, we also find that, despite perceptible signs of compensation for social disadvantages by the network, these disadvantages are reflected in the inequal access to the elite networks. Our results validate the hypothesis of amplification of inequalities by network and show that amplification is partly due to homophilous behaviours and elitist associations and clubs. Finally, we show that these inequalities of access to and integration into the elite network result in unequal access to the highest positions of power. The elite network is indeed one of the main determinants of the level of power of elites, in addition to social background. The relative exclusion of certain elite groups, potentially destabilizing, from the network of the most influential elites and from the highest positions of power is a possible way of explaining the trajectory of Madagascar
Gagneur, David. "Prosopographie des élites politiques d'une colonie républicaine : La Réunion, 1870-1914". La Réunion, 2004. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/04_17_Gagneur_1.pdf.
Under Second Empire, political elites in Reunion Island, thanks to their wealth and skills secured their privileged position at the top of hierarchy. In that sense, it was an oligarchy. Does the 1870 rupture, consisting in settling the Republic, provide the keys of an eventual renewal? Is the Gambetta's "new layers" model, emerging in metropolitan France, likely to be implemented in colonies ? The ambit of our work is to feature this group (governors, deputies, senators, presidents of the General Council, mayors), in which collective and individual dimensions merge. This prosopographical study lies on several Histories, synchronical and diachronical, quantitative and "qualitative", each of them combining demographical, sociological and political approaches. Years 1870 and 1914, limiting the examined period of time, are references to measure the "effects of political change on elites": family, training, professional activities, sociabilities illuminate behaviours, motives and draws on a typology these politicians
Baroni, Anne-Florence. "Les élites de la confédération cirtéenne (Constantine, Algérie) d'Auguste à Dioclétien". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010572.
The present study aims to investigate two problems raised by Cirta (Constantine, Algeria) and its territory during the High Empire. The first problem to question is the existence of a Cirtean Confederation, a res publica IIII coloniarum, ruled by magistrates from Cirta, which represents a unique organization in the Roman Empire. On the over hand, a large number of men born in Cirta entered the Roman Senate in the second century – among them Fronto, the famous rhetorician, tutor and friend of Marcus Aurelius, and Antistius Burrus, son‐in law of the emperor. According to many scholars, this concentration resulted from the development of an African lobby in Antonine Rome. This work proposes to examine the functioning and evolution of Cirtean institutions and to question their peculiarity in the light of recent research on the municipal history in Africa. It also attempts to explain the success of Cirtean senators in the Roman aristocracy, by analyzing their wealth, their social and political networks, and their possible involvement in the supply of Rome
Frisa, Laure. "Les élites du Développement Economique Local : Cas de Foumban au Cameroun". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV062/document.
In subsaharan Africa (SSA) the local elite is the key player of local economic emergence. The elite of LED must lead to the valorisation of territorial ressources, to the setting-up of the rules of the game, to the creation of local firms and local players. The existence of local elite is therefore a success factor of LED.In this thesis, we have investigated the functions, the capacities and the behaviours, opinions and practices of the various members of the local elite of LED. We have conducted a qualitative research with the case study in Foumban, Cameroon. Our methodology was organised in three main steps: development of a concept and of identification criterias of the elite of LED; identification of this elite in Foumban; face-to-face interviews with the elite.As we explain in this thesis, LED in SSA is a process that requires a variety of local elite who build the capacities of territories through its actions and interactions. The elite of LED is made by individuals, pursuing their own interests, and using their powers. They are doing an institutional work and they are changing the rules of the game intentionally or not. They are not the official players, but only those functional players able to unlock the territorial potential through two main actions: the activation, that aims at mobilizing stakeholders and the expertise, that aims at imagining solutions to generate the territorial ressources.In Foumban, we have observed that the elite of LED we identified is conducting concrete actions and in doing so relies on capacities to implemt its LED functions. We also have noticed strong differences among the opinions of the elite of LED, for example about the issue of the impact of communities on development, about the territory as a container or a recipient of resources, or about bottom-up vs. top-down LED approach.Unlike the Western approach of LED promoting the cooperation between the main stakeholders, we have highlighted that in a context of development and transition, the transformation of local level into a productive territory needs the intervention of a “biodiversity” of local elite in competition. Its multiple confrontations and difficult negotiations enable the creation, the change and the selection of performing institutions. The local elite of LED is debating about the future : all ideas can be expressed and are negotiable until a stable situation has been reached.In Foumban, we also have identified a consensus within the elite on a key issue: the importance of the Very Small Firms for local development. This consensus shows that behind differences and competitions, the local elite shares some values and that a certain collective awareness does exist about the winning strategy
Melo-Pinzón, Gladys. "Les élites sucrières colombiennes, un espace de construction de l'ordre social et du changement, Las élites azucareras colombianas, un espacio de construcción del orden social y del cambio". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/NQ47580.pdf.
Hadj, Ali Youcef Mohamed. "Les élites françaises et la crise algérienne, 1991-1998 : perceptions, positions, prédictions". Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10017.
Chakib, Ahmed. "Élites religieuses et pouvoir politique : essai sur l'énonciation du politique au Maroc". Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR21007.
This study comes within the scope of historical sociology. Through this methodological orientation, we have tried to examine the modes by which the social and political order was created in Islam (the Arabic east) and its impact on the initial form of politics in morocco and their development. The political history of this country can the better understood if we take into account this impact. Yet, the thing which characterizes best Moroccan history ist the permanency of what C. Geertz calls the "saint warrior" model. Thus, we have tried to bring to the fore this model by stressing the specificities of the religious elites (sacred lineages, zaouia and sharifisme) and their relationships with the political power. These elites who will hold a dominating part until the advent of colonialism and the disappearing of the makhzen whose authority they recognized. But after some uncertainties about the political future of the country during the struggle for independence, the rising power of the monarchy now confirms the continuity of the geertzian model
Gourdin, Patrice. "L'École de l'air : contribution à l'histoire de élites militaires de la République". Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO20023.
The air arm was a latecomer to the french defence assets (1910) and those who served it had an uphill struggle to secure their right to the place which is theirs today within the military elites. Now the durability of this new component depended upon its capacity to reproduce itself, hence upon the establishment of a dedicated higher education institution. The "ecole de l'air" came of age between 1935 and 1941. Recruitment processes underwent considerable change over a period of fifty years but all this time their aim remained remarkably constant : only those candidates who had the capacity to attain a high level of training were to be admitted. That training is not only a means of providing the nation's defence with highly-skilled personnel but also a guaranty that air force officers durably enjoy senior executive status within society. A socio-cultural survey of four sample-entries shows that a majority of cadets belong to civil as well as military dominant classes and qualifies the theory according to which the armed forces - the air force at any rate - help climb the social ladder. The process whereby a cadet is turned into an officer appears to be complex : while each "ecole de l'air" trainee must graduate as an officer, an engineer and a branch expert, the institution is expected to adapt to changing french defence policy. Moreover each successive entry needs to acquire the corporate spirit and service ethics which are trademark of the air force. Hence the combination of official ceremonies (baptemes) with non-official traditions (bizutages)
Rezai, Tabibeh. "Émigration des élites et dégradation du tissu historique de Kermanchâh en Iran". Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA084074.
The historic fabric of Kermanshah is today seriously deteriorated and the urban projects of « rehabilitation » of distressed neighbourhoods, implemented by the government, destroy it even more instead of restoring or rehabilitating it. Kermanshahi society, removed from its civic responsibility and insensitive to its cultural heritage, does not react against this organized and deliberate destruction. While the deterioration of historic districts is a general problem shared by nearly all Iranian cities, it is worse in Kermanshah as a result of a profound demographic change, which threatens the very existence of the historic fabric. On the one hand Kermanshah is consistently losing its social élites and educated members of its middle classes: that is, its material and immaterial capital, the creative class and investors. On the other hand it receives rural immigrants with a low level of skill and education. In the absence of the native social elites and intellectuals, who posses parts of intangible cultural heritage, both the city and the region of Kermanshah confront serious obstacles in their social, economic and cultural development. This underdevelopment causes the decline of the standard of life causing the protection of the cultural heritage especially the urban old fabric to be considered a marginal subject. The degradation of urban heritage – alongside socioeconomic degradation – engenders the degradation of the environment and the latter causes the creative class to leave the city in more numbers. Kermanshah is trapped in a vicious circle of the loss of its material and immaterial capital
Sadaoui, Hamid. "Culture socio-politique et développement national : le cas des élites économiques algériennes". Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100141.
One of the underdevelopment aspects in Algeria is the socio-political life disarticulation. The socialist development model chosen by the political elites, is taken in charge, on the economic front, by other elites (economic). The confrontation of Algerian society structures, and official political discourse with economic elites thought, clears not only the aspects of the disarticulation, but necessity of a new approach of Algeria problems as well. The socio-political thought of the economic elites expresses conflictual attitudes and complicated situations. An inquiry within this social group, about economical, political, cultural institutions, and some tradition aspects, shows the complexity of social relations inherent to underdevelopment, in the way it is thought. Inadequate structures expresses many conflicts that characterize the Algerian socio-political life. This research tries to contribute to a political sociology of Algeria. It prefers the investigation, to speculative study, in order to avoid the mistake which consists to take a model of comprehension and forget the realities. These models have been built for the study of a specific society. If it brings many things about it, this doesn't mean that it will explain any problem, of any society in anytime
Kurzac-Souali, Anne-Claire. "Les médinas marocaines : une requalification sélective : élites, patrimoine et mondialisation au Maroc". Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040225.
The Moroccan medinas are not museums neither are they the impoverished, crumbling inner-cities that we were led to believe up until a couple of decades ago. These ancient, archetypal urban webs are above all else social, economic and residential centres that adapt to changes whilst faced with the delicate and demanding management of their architectural heritage. The majority of medinas is classified as UNESCO World Heritage Sites (Marrakech, Essaouira, Fès) and have been developed by tourism. They are now seen and imagined in a different light and are newly esteemed at the heart of contemporary Moroccan towns. The riad phenomenon has encouraged the re-establishment of certain areas of the medinas at a grass roots level whilst at the same time being instrumental in deep changes within the ancient web of medinas. The main object is to reconsider the study of the strongly characterised medinas by analysing the magnitude of their heritage, their present day realities, their mobility and the actors in these new urban developments from a geographical perspective
Darchy-Koechlin, Brigitte. "Les élites étudiantes internationales face au modèle d'excellence des Grandes Ecoles françaises". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012IEPP0056.
Starting from a thorough qualitative work conducted within the four French “Grandes Écoles” (École Polytechnique, École Normale Supérieure, École des Hautes Études Commerciales, Institut d’Études Politiques), this thesis contributes - through the attention of the foreign students attending the “Grandes Écoles” under scrutiny along with that of the administrative staff of those schools - to the understanding of the international dynamics making up and recomposing this particular side of the French Higher Education system. In this respect, the thesis takes into account a two-fold approach: on the one hand, a survey of the adjustment strategies (individual and collective) which the students use when facing the French institutions requirements without forgetting, on the other hand, that the latter develop adjustment strategies in order to capitalize on the school assets of these student elites they are marked out to receive while vouching for the excellence of their curricula. The comparative analysis of the four institutions enabled us to show the legitimacy stakes underlying the internationalisation processes leading to the opposition of two contrasting patterns: on the one hand, the leading state schools such as the École Normale Supérieure and the École Polytechnique, showing a slower limited internationalisation and, on the other hand, the École des Hautes Études Commerciales, and the Institut d’Études Politiques
Liagre, Romain. "L'attractivité de la région Nord-Pas-de-Calais envers les élites étrangères". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50377-2007-Liagre.pdf.
Sora, Yukako. "Les élites et l'assistance aux pauvres en Bordelais de 1750 à 1830". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30029.
In the second half of the eighteenth century, France experienced the philanthropic movement that paved the way for the first early experience of national charity during the French Revolution. This ideological and institutional change upset the traditional local solidarity in which the elites assisted the poor in order to obtain the salvation of their souls and fulfill the social duty linked to their rank. Studies on the link of solidarity focus on the mentality and charitable practice of elites to understand how private charity was used to govern society under the Ancien Régime and what were the changes that the Revolution brought to its function. Charitable and private action of local elites is examined through their involvement in the management and financing of charitable institutions, collective activity within private associations and individual practice before death for a relatively long period from 1750 1830 in order to consider the specific reasons and forms of good deeds at that time. The space of our observation focuses on the different communities of Bordeaux, administrative heart of Guyenne, religious metropolis and booming cosmopolitan port city where the splendor of the nobles and wealthy merchants contrasted with the poverty of the people emphasized by the rural immigration. These studies at local scale enable us to describe the evolution of the role that elites played in social relations through historical vicissitudes
Campain, Marie. "La genèse du Partenariat oriental : les élites polonaises et la politique étrangère européenne". Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00541221.