Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Law, slovakia"
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Gábriš, Tomáš. "The Legacy of Socialist Constitutionalism in Slovakia: The Right of the Slovak Nation to Self-Determination". Russian Law Journal 9, n.º 2 (4 de junio de 2021): 70–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2021-9-2-70-91.
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Albeit in 1918 the Slovak nation voluntarily became a “branch” of the single Czechoslovak nation and of the unitary Czechoslovak state, the connection with the Czechs was rather perceived as a strategic move until the Slovak nation develops its capacity for the execution of its own right to self-determination. In the context of Czechoslovakia being under pressure of Hitler’s Germany in 1938, Slovak autonomists managed to exploit the situation and Slovakia was granted autonomy within Czechoslovakia. Soon thereafter, in March 1939, an “independent” Slovak State was created, in fact being under direct control of Nazi Germany. The authoritarian political regime of the War-Time Slovakia was soon rejected by Slovaks themselves and the Slovak nation was rather willing to sacrifice its independence in order to return to the democratic regime of Czechoslovakia in 1945. Still, there were attempts to change the position of Slovaks and Slovakia within Czechoslovakia, which eventually materialized in the form of the federalization of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in 1968/69, giving Slovaks for the first time (apart from the Hitler-sponsored statehood in 1939–1945) their formal republican statehood, albeit only within a system of limited socialist federalism. Still, this allowed for a relatively simple change of this formal statehood into an internationally recognized independent Slovak Republic in 1993. The socialist constitutional recognition of self-determination of the Slovak nation in the form of a Socialist Republic thus paved the way to the currently existing Slovakia, hence making it the most important legacy of the (Czecho-)Slovak socialist history.
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Pervan, Ivica, Marijana Bartulović y Šime Jozipović. "Are insolvency proceedings opened too late? The case of Germany, Croatia and Slovakia". Ekonomski vjesnik 36, n.º 2 (2023): 387–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.36.2.13.
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Purpose: The aim was to analyze insolvency proceedings in Germany, Croatia and Slovakia and answer the research question whether insolvency proceedings are opened too late in the observed countries and how this issue can be explained. Methodology: Comparative analysis of insolvency systems in Germany, Croatia, and Slovakia was con-ducted. Furthermore, the financial profile (liquidity) of firms in pre-insolvency and insolvency proceedings in Germany, Slovakia and Croatia was analyzed and respective results were compared with data on government effectiveness and the rule of law in the observed countries. The one-way ANOVA was performed to test the differences in liquidity among companies that initiated pre-insolvency and insolvency proceedings.Results: The results indicate that German companies respond to signs of crises earlier in comparison to Croatian and Slovakian companies and these differences cannot be explained only by criminal law measures which are not equally effective across jurisdictions, but they depend to a large extent on government effectiveness and the rule of law in a country.Conclusion: The results show that despite the similarities in the civil law frameworks, insolvency proceedings in Croatia and Slovakia are still initiated on average much later than in Germany. Moreover, according to the results, criminal law sanctions against the late initiation of insolvency proceedings can have preventive effects. However, while they can increase the number of timely insolvency proceedings, their effective-ness is still limited by the efficiency of the judicial system measured by the strength of institutions and their consistent application.
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Vetrák, Milan. "Jurimetrics in Slovakia". European Public Law 15, Issue 2 (1 de mayo de 2009): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2009014.
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Rossi, Michael. "Slovakia after Fico: Systemic Change or More of the Same?" Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science 27, n.º 3 (2020): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pc2020-3-235.
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The February 2020 parliamentary election marked a significant moment for Slovakia after years of public dissatisfaction with endemic corruption, political mismanagement, and unaccountable leadership associated with the political hegemony of Smer-SD and its leader Robert Fico. The resounding victory of the Ordinary People and Independent Personalities Party offers the country an opportunity to not only address the problems with Slovakia’s political culture of corruption and oligarchism, but also to strengthen democracy, the rule of law, and good governance. However, contrary to international expectations, the electoral demographic that chose Zuzana Čaputová as Slovakia’s new president in 2019 failed to secure enough votes to place any liberal democratic party in parliament, leaving the current legislature dominated by a collection of conservative, populist, and Eurosceptic parties. While seen by some analysts as a setback, the prognosis for Slovakian politics appears rather optimistic. This article assesses the outcomes of the February election and notes a continued pattern of political entrepreneurialism where the most successful parties tend to be those that promote broad-based issues of policy instead of any particular ideology, conservative or liberal. Slovakian politics might have been significantly influenced by a number of nationalist and conservative parties over the past three decades, but actual policy has been directed by opportunists instead of ideologues. This has enabled these larger entrepreneurial parties to adopt conservative elements into their programmes for electoral advantage instead of from actual conviction. This leaves open the possibility that entrepreneurial parties might gravitate towards more liberal democratic and even progressive policies should advantageous opportunities arise in the future. Given the current efforts by Slovakian political actors to break with past patterns of oligarchism, coupled with the discrediting of entrenched political elitism and the visible-yet-manageable threats from Slovakia’s far right, such outcomes are increasingly likely.
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Lazíková, Jarmila y Zuzana Lazíková. "Land Consolidation in Slovakia". EU agrarian Law 7, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2018-0009.
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AbstractLand consolidation in the Slovak Republic is an important legal institute for fragmented agricultural land, which makes it difficult not only for the agricultural land market but also for the rational and efficient use of agricultural land. The necessity of land consolidation was already realized by the peasants in Slovakia at the beginning of the 20th century, when they voluntarily began to exchange the land. The law maker in Slovakia, however, did not realize the need for the arrangement of land relations until the year 1989, when the Law No. 229/1991 Coll. on the regulation of ownership relations to land and other agricultural property and Law No. 330/1991 Coll. on land arrangements, settlement of land ownership rights, district land offices, the Land Fund and land associations as amended were adopted. Moreover, land consolidation also addresses the development of the countryside and, last but not least, increases rural attractiveness for the inhabitants themselves. Rural development also belongs to the priorities of the EU. Thus, the implementation of the land consolidation projects is not only a wish of the owners or private investors, but also one of the ways to realize the goals of Slovakia and even of the European Union.
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Lukáč, Marián. "Formation of tourism law in Slovakia and some of its divergences in relation to Czech law". Geografická revue 19, n.º 2 (7 de febrero de 2024): 66–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/gr.2023.19.2.66-82.
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Attempts to codify the issue of tourism appeared in Slovakia and the Czech Republic almost simultaneously with attempts to formulate and follow a purposeful state policy in this area. We can trace this effort in Slovakia to the years of the Second World War, while in the Czechoslovak context it was connected to the previous pre-war period. Just as there are common starting points, the same are the decisive stimuli that led to the initiation of the process of gradual legal regulation of tourism in the 1990s. Given the initially identical legal starting points and the same social challenges and needs, the observed development reached remarkably different results in both countries, not only in terms of the quantity and complexity of legislation, but the differences are noticeable even deeper, already in the formulation of state interests and goals in this promising economic sector. The paper tries to define the entirety of tourism law, characterize its current form in Slovakia and indicate the reasons for the divergent development in both countries.
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Malinauskaite, Jurgita. "Development of Merger Control in Slovakia and Slovenia". European Business Law Review 23, Issue 3 (1 de junio de 2012): 375–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2012021.
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Slovakia and Slovenia belonged to the former socialist units of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, respectively, which meant that a journey to the EU for both countries was demanding - requiring to undergo through major reforms in their legal, economic and socio-political environments. The introduction of competition law, including merger control rules was another arduous challenge that both Slovakia and Slovenia had to master. This article will critically evaluate the introduction and further development of merger control regimes in Slovakia and Slovenia as far as jurisdictional, procedural and most importantly substantive issues are concerned.
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WILSON, ELIZABETH y DANA ŠVIHLOVÁ. "DEVELOPING MUNICIPAL CAPACITY FOR EIA IN SLOVAKIA". Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 01, n.º 04 (diciembre de 1999): 489–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333299000363.
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Effective implementation of environmental policy proves difficult in many countries. Even where there is a comprehensive policy framework, the capacity for implementation at the local level may be weak. In some countries of central and eastern Europe, such as Slovakia, local government has acquired new environmental responsibilities, but lacks the capacity for exercising these roles. The Slovakian environmental impact assessment (EIA) law, for example, gives local government a role as a channel for public comment. However, most municipalities lack the technical expertise or political experience to play an effective role in the EIA process. This paper describes a project supported by the UK Know-How Fund with Slovakian partners to develop municipal capacity. It offers a preliminary evaluation of the effectiveness of the programme, and emphasises the need for training in EIA to relate to municipalities' other environmental responsibilities. It draws some conclusions on cross-national learning between local government in central and western Europe.
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Némethová, Jana y Ľubomír Rybanský. "Development Trends in the Crop Production in Slovakia after Accession to the European Union—Case Study, Slovakia". Sustainability 13, n.º 15 (30 de julio de 2021): 8512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158512.
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The development of agriculture in Slovakia in the last three decades has been influenced by two events: the transformation of agriculture after 1989 and Slovakia’s accession to the European Union in 2004. In this paper, we analyze the effects of Slovakia’s accession to the European Union on the development and structure of crop production. The aim of the paper was to identify connections, parallels and differences between the developments of the sown areas of the most important crops at the level of Slovakia and its regions in the period 2004–2020. Cluster analysis based on the similarity of the development of the sown areas divided the crops into four clusters (cereals; sugar-beet; oilseeds, multiannual fodder crops, maize; legumes, vegetables, potatoes). Multivariate analyses of the time series of sown areas also revealed similarities and differences between the regions of Slovakia. The results of the analysis point to regional differentiation and the identify two clusters. The first cluster comprises the Nitra and Trnava Regions, while the second cluster consists of the remaining six regions. The study has shown that changes in the agrarian sector after 2004, conditioned by Slovakia’s accession to the European Union, have been reflected in changes in the area and structure of cultivated crops, and in the differentiated development of sown areas.
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Лазарева, Наталья y Natalya Lazareva. "HISTORY OF CRIMINAL LEGISLATION DEVELOPMENT IN SLOVAKIA". Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, n.º 5 (2 de diciembre de 2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/16140.
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The subject of this research is criminal legislation of the Slovak Republic since the merge of Slovakia in the AustroHungarian Empire (XIX century) to the present day. The article analyzes the emergency criminal legislation of the World War II period, the socialist Criminal Codes of the Czechoslovak Republic (1950, 1961) and the existing Criminal Code of the Slovak Republic of 2005. The article also touches upon the country’s constitutional development on the example of the adopted Constitutions of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1948, 1960) and the Constitution of the Slovak Republic (1992). The author pays special attention to the integration of Slovakia into the European legal framework when it became a member of the European Union in 2004. The article also contains comparative analysis of the main institutions of the criminal law in Russia and Slovakia. During the research the author used the following special methods: historical, logical, and comparative law method, which includes a variety of techniques (doctrinal, regulatory, functional comparison). As opposed to the criminal law of other European Union countries, the Slovak criminal law has remained practically unexplored by the Russian criminal law doctrine. But it is very unique because it comprises the combination of Austrian, German and Russian criminal law ideas which is conditioned by historical peculiarities of this state’s development. On the example of Slovakia, the author demonstrates possibility of combining the national legal legacy and directives of the European Union.
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Patakyová, Mária T. "Enhanced Digitalisation and Competition Law Enforcement in Slovakia". TalTech Journal of European Studies 11, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bjes-2021-0016.
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Abstract Digitalisation is a challenge from the regulatory point of view. Competition law, as a special type of regulation, is no exception to this. The article explores the risks of digitalisation, especially the ones related to the enhanced use of pricing algorithms. In theory, pricing algorithms are not easily assessed from the perspective of competition law, let alone its application in practice. The prohibition of anticompetitive agreements (pursuant to Article 101 of the Treaty on Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)) is applied with certain difficulty to agreements created by using pricing algorithms. This is an unfortunate situation, as horizontal agreements represent one of the worst infringements of EU competition law, including price cartels or bid rigging. Apart from presenting a theoretical background, the article dives into the practice of the Antimonopoly Office of the Slovak Republic (AMO) in order to assess which practical issues the AMO might face when applying the theoretical concepts. In sum, the article asks from a theoretical perspective which issues of competition law have been introduced (or deepened) by the enhanced digitalisation, looking in particular to pricing algorithms. On top of that, the article explores the issues which may be encountered in practice, taking the Slovak jurisdiction as the example. The willingness and feasibility of the AMO to enforce digital issues such as pricing algorithms is assessed based on the previous acts of the AMO as well as the new Act on Protection of Competition, adopted by the Slovak parliament on 11 May 2021.
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Hodál, P. y B. Hrabčáková. "Slovakia ∙ Recent Developments in Slovak Public Procurement Law". European Procurement & Public Private Partnership Law Review 14, n.º 1 (2019): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/epppl/2019/1/9.
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Gešková, Katarína. "Procedural Specifics of Consumer Dispute Resolutions in Slovakia". International and Comparative Law Review 22, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2022): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2022-0003.
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Summary The substantive provisions protecting the consumer in contractual relations belong to the reality of European and Slovak national law, which no one dares to doubt anymore. These norms are of such importance that they have fundamentally influenced the nature of civil law in general. In order for civil procedure to fulfil its basic function in this area, that is, to protect and enforce substantive law and to be a means of protecting subjective rights and legally protected interests, it must ‘keep up’ with the development of substantive law. Procedural law ensures the fullfilment of consumer rights as well. This article crearly describes the procedural specifics of consumer dispute resolutions in Slovakia. It brings the overview of the system of procedural protection as o whole but also focuses deeper on specifics of consumer disputes in standard civil procedure before general courts. The article also briefly describes the system of alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes and system of consumer procedural protection in administrative and criminal proceedings.
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Máčaj, Adam. "Securing Human Right to Water through Public Procurement in Slovakia". International and Comparative Law Review 20, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 254–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/iclr-2020-0028.
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Summary The paper aims firstly to assess the deficiencies in access to drinking water that are present in Slovakia. Recently, the country was condemned for various violations in ensuring access to drinking water for all, whether by third parties, but also national institutions and international organizations. Drawing upon the identified failures and violations, the actions undertaken to remedy the situation are analysed, especially in order to establish whether Slovakia dispenses with its obligations under the human right to water and addresses the identified problems satisfactorily. Finally, the process of public procurement in providing drinking water is considered, having regard to its role in promptness and efficiency of addressing the unsatisfactory situation which makes Slovakia open to severe criticism from international human rights bodies.
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Vass, Ágnes. "If Yes, Why Not? Minority Language Use and Accommodation of Minority Language Rights in Slovakia". Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 8, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2015): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseur-2015-0012.
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Abstract This article gives an overview of the actual situation of language rights in Slovakia, focusing mainly on the minority language usage. The status of minority languages in Slovakia is still a politicized question and a series of conflicts arose especially between Slovak political elites and the representatives of ethnic Hungarians because of the controversial legislation of minority language rights. Slovakia was subjected in the field of minority protection and heavily criticized during the adoption of the State Language Law. Strict regulations on the use of state language have negative effects on the use of minority languages as well. In spite of the fact that in 1999 the Law on Use of Minority Languages was adopted and Slovakia ratified all of the international agreements in this field, the problem of minority language usage was not solved. This legal vacuum motivated the Hungarian civil sphere to take alternative actions in order to ensure bilingualism and promote the use of minority languages in official communication. Summarizing the legal accommodation of minority language rights, this paper is devoted to examine a recently less-observed civil activism supporting the use of regional languages in Slovakia.
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Kohutová, Mária. "Religious Situation in 17th-Century Slovakia: A Case of Southwestern Slovakia". Human Affairs 5, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 1995): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-1995-050108.
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Сакович, Ольга y Olga Sakovich. "NONPROFIT LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE LEGISLATION OF CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA". Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 2, n.º 1 (16 de marzo de 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18184.
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The author observes different stages of legal regulation of nonprofit organization activities from 1990 till our days in Czech Republic and Slovakia in presented article. The author attends the reforms of civil legislation, which were carried out in this states, and notes the differences in methods of carrying out the reforms in Czech Republic and Slovakia, in spite of existing dualism of private law in both countries. The article reveals the results of Czech reforms of legislation, regulating nonprofit legal persons. The author examines the established system of common and special laws, regulated nonprofit organizations in Czech Republic and Slovakia and points out their identity and differences. Author reviews the law terms which are used in legislation and science literature of both states. Also author underlines that in the civil codes of Czech Republic and Slovakia legal persons are not divided into commercial legal entities and nonprofit legal entities. The types of nonprofit organizations in Czech Republic and Slovakia are examined in the present article and the main attention author pays to government legal persons and their structure. Author explores legislative regulation of commercial activities of nonprofit organization. Also author of the article pays attention to fundraising of nonprofit organizations and their taxation. On the basis of the research the author defines the trends of legal regulation of this category of legal persons, and underlines the importance of the nonprofit sector in social and economic life in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
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Debrecéniová, Janka y Mária Kolíková. "Schola ludus: New ways of teaching law in Slovakia". Law Teacher 37, n.º 3 (enero de 2003): 260–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03069400.2003.9993134.
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Jurčová, Monika y Kristián Csach. "Unfair Contract Terms Protection in Slovakia". osteuropa recht 66, n.º 1 (2020): 163–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0030-6444-2020-1-163.
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The unfair contract terms protection in Slovakia is currently regulated by a system of rules in the Slovak Civil Code; the path to the current extent of consumer protection has not been very straightforward. This article analyses the legislative framework on unfair terms, and questions of law enforcement. It further outlines selected issues and empirical evidence in the context of “surprising contract terms,” transparency of a contract term, legislative power of the judiciary, it discusses the controversial of the German approach to resolve conflicts revolving around unfair clauses. The article concludes that the current Slovak regulation of unfair terms in consumer contracts seems to fulfil the requirements set by the UCTD; however, all in all, Slovakia’s national regulation remains fragmented in the Civil Code, the Act on Consumer Protection and special sectoral regulation and supplemented by special procedural regulation.
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Paule, Ladislav y L'ubomír Scheer. "Forestry education in Slovakia". Forest Science and Technology 1, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2005): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21580103.2005.9656282.
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Kanyicska Belán, Dóra y Miroslav Popper. "Attitudes and relations between the Slovak majority and the Hungarian minority in Slovakia". Intersections 8, n.º 3 (2 de noviembre de 2022): 192–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.17356/ieejsp.v8i3.747.
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The article concerns relations between Slovaks and the Hungarian minority in Slovakia. The aim of this study is to determine current Slovak attitudes towards the Slovak Hungarians and to analyse differences in attitudes held by Slovaks in regular direct contact with the Hungarian minority and those with almost no contact. Another aim is to map current attitudes among the Hungarian minority towards the Slovak majority, and to find out how Slovak attitudes are perceived by the minority. The data collection methods were a survey (N = 107) and focus group interviews (N = 36). The results show that Slovaks in regular contact with Slovak Hungarians have significantly more positive general feelings, are less socially distant, and feel less anxious about the Hungarian minority than Slovaks with almost no contact. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of trust and behavioural intention. Group interviews with Slovaks and Slovak Hungarians showed that the biggest obstacle in relations between Slovaks and the Hungarian minority is first language use and the language barrier.
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Katkovčin, Maroš. "30th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Act on the National Bank of Slovakia". Bratislava Law Review 7, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2023): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2023.7.1.459.
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The international scientific legal conference organised at occasion of the 30th anniversary of the adoption of Act No. 566/1992 Coll. on the National Bank of Slovakia, as amended was held at the premises of the National Bank of Slovakia (hereinafter as the “NBS”) on the 24th of November 2022. The conference was organised by the Department of Financial Law of the Faculty of Law of Comenius University Bratislava in cooperation with the NBS. The conference was focused on the legal aspects of the functioning and transformation of the NBS and banking system in Slovakia over the past 30 years – from the days of the Czechoslovak currency, the independent Slovak currency to the euro and future considerations about digital currency (especially digital euro). The conference was held simultaneously online. The conference was attended by domestic as well as foreign guests.
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Hamřik, Martin. "Social values as succession law limits: Focus on the succession law of Slovakia". Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 63, n.º 101 (2024): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfn0-47764.
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The paper examines the intricate relationship between social values and succession law, specifically focusing on the Slovak legal system. Drawing on Thomas Hobbes's notion of law as society's collective moral compass, the paper argues that social values not only form legislation but can also be shaped and redefined by the law. The paper begins with an overview of the Slovak succession law, grounded in Act No. 40/1964 Coll. the Civil Code. The paper then delves into the role of social values as both limits and frameworks within which succession law operates. Five vital social values are examined in detail: liberty, family relationships, equality, responsibility, and community welfare. The paper scrutinises how these values are manifested in the Slovak succession law, illustrating both the alignment and tension between social values and legal norms. In particular, the author explores the balance between individual liberty and family relations in succession, the evolving recognition of various family forms, the implications of equality within the context of succession, the moral and legal responsibilities of heirs, both towards the deceased and towards third parties, as well as the broader societal implications of succession law in promoting community welfare. While the Slovak Civil Code has been subjected to ample and substantial amendments in the past years, the analysis reveals that it still reflects the societal norms of its time of origin. In response to societal shifts, further revisions may be necessary to align it with contemporary social values and family structures. The paper may contribute to understanding the dynamic interplay between law and society within Slovakia's succession law framework, but the presented insights may also pertain to other jurisdictions.
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Gábriš, Tomáš. "Slovak Share in the Unification and Codification Efforts in Interwar Czechoslovakia". Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa 15, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2022): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844131ks.22.021.15724.
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The creation of the Czechoslovak Republic and its legal system had its basis in the Act No. 11/1918 Coll. The Act preserved in force former Hungarian law in the territory of Slovakia. In Czech lands, former Austrian law was to be used further on. Quite understandably, attempts were present already in the interwar period to unify the legal system of Czechoslovakia. Analysis of the process and results of unification of law in Czechoslovakia reveals the participation of broad-scale of Slovak lawyers in the process and partial influence of law valid in Slovakia in the projects of new Czechoslovak codes. In the area of substantive law, the revised Austrian Civil Code (ABGB) was to become the basis of the new Czechoslovak Civil Code and therefore, not much space was left for “Slovak law”to influence the final version of the Civil Code project. In the area of procedural law, however, the codes of civil procedure valid in the Czech part and in the Slovak part of the Republic were not as different as it was the case with the substantive civil law. Therefore, the unification process was easier and many institutes of law valid in Slovakia were to be preserved in the project of the Czechoslovak Civil Procedure Code. Unfortunately, the events of the years 1938–1939 was the reason for none of the prepared projects being actually enacted. It was only after the Second World War (mostly in 1950) that the legal order was finally unified in Czechoslovakia.
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Čulková, Katarína, Marcela Taušová, Peter Tauš y Eva Mihaliková. "Development of Energy Recovery from Waste in Slovakia Compared with the Worldwide Trend". Sustainability 15, n.º 14 (24 de julio de 2023): 11449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151411449.
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With societal development and population increase, the amount of waste and energy consumption is also increasing. The use of waste for energy production is gradually establishing in the international and national legal norms and political programs of most developed countries around the world. Many experts are beginning to be inclined to hold the opinion that it will be necessary to include energy-recoverable waste as a renewable energy source. Slovakia is a country that understands the importance of producing energy from waste without harming the environment. The current paper focuses on the potential of Slovakia compared to other countries in the area of energy recovery from waste. With the use of regression analysis, the growth trend of municipal waste in Slovakia was defined. The results show that the Slovakian trend goes against the EU goals. On the one hand, this represents a very serious problem for the environment, but it also indicates the significant potential of secondary raw materials and energy in the case of energy recovery from waste.
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NAZAR, Yuriy S., Tetiana Ya NAZAR, Ivanna M. PROTS, Danylo I. YOSYFOVYCH y Olena M. ILYUSHYK. "Application of Administrative and Financial and Legal Responsibility for Budget Offenses under the Laws of Ukraine and Other Countries of Eastern Europe". Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, n.º 4 (15 de junio de 2020): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.4(50).20.
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The relevance of this paper is determined by both the need for appropriate scientific support to counter violations of budget legislation that have recently become quite common in Eastern Europe, and the advisability of using positive enforcement experience in Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia in this process. The purpose of the paper is to study the application of measures of administrative and financial responsibility for budget offenses under the laws of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia in order to identify common and distinctive features of the legal regulation of this application and provide recommendations on the implementation of positive experience in the national legislation of each country. The methodological basis of the study is a set of general scientific and special scientific methods and techniques of scientific knowledge that provide an integrated approach to the analysis of financial, legal and administrative aspects of responsibility for budget offenses under the laws of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia. It seems advisable to borrow for Ukraine and Slovakia the experience of legal regulation of budget-delictual relations in Poland by adopting a single legislative act that would regulate the grounds and procedure for applying measures of financial and legal responsibility in the budget sphere, and for Poland and Slovakia the experience of Ukraine in differentiation would be interesting responsibility of officials who committed violations of budget legislation (administrative responsibility) and legal entities (administrators or recipients of budget funds) on whose behalf the officials acted (financial and legal liability). The materials in this article may be useful for scientists conducting research on budget-delictual relations, scientific and pedagogical workers during the teaching of the disciplines of ‘Financial Law’, ‘Budget Law’, as well as for representatives of law-making entities in the process of improving budget and administrative legislation.
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Karácsony, Peter. "Impact of teleworking on job satisfaction among Slovakian employees in the era of COVID-19". Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, n.º 3 (8 de julio de 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.01.
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The COVID-19 pandemic, which became a global crisis in 2020, has radically transformed people’s normal lives in a matter of weeks. In addition to the health consequences, the virus has had a significant impact on the society and the economy, including the labor market. The present study aims to assess how traditional working has been transformed into teleworking in Slovakia. The study examines whether Slovakian workers are satisfied with teleworking. The questionnaire survey was conducted in December 2020 during the second wave of the coronavirus in Slovakia. Based on the obtained results, a significant relationship between teleworking satisfaction and salary satisfaction, supervisory support, and job autonomy was found. Based on the obtained results, teleworking introduced due to the coronavirus had a clear positive effect on job satisfaction of the examined Slovakian employees. As a result of teleworking, the relationship between manager and subordinate has improved, and work-life balance has also developed favorably. AcknowledgmentsThis study was funded by the Pallas Athéné Foundations.
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Lazíková, Jarmila. "Intellectual Property in Slovakia in the Light of the Present Legal Regulation". EU agrarian Law 3, n.º 2 (2 de febrero de 2015): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eual-2014-0010.
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AbstractThe Civil Law of Slovakia includes more sub-branches of the private law, such as family law, obligation law, property law, law of succession and intellectual property law. The intellectual property law is regulated outside the Civil Code, in special codes and laws. The intellectual property law is one of them. The intellectual property law provides legal protection to various intangible assets which are the results of the creative intellectual activities of individuals. The paper analyses selected legal institutions of the intellectual property law and tries to systematise legal regulations related to the intellectual property on the national level, the level of the European Union as well as international level.
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Chiva, Cristina. "Ethnic Minority Rights in Central and Eastern Europe: The Case of the Hungarian ‘Status Law’". Government and Opposition 41, n.º 3 (2006): 401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00181.x.
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AbstractThe international controversy concerning the Hungarian ‘status law’ of 2001 attests to the vital importance of ethnic minority rights in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as within an enlarged European Union. The paper examines the unique challenges raised by the law from its initial adoption in June 2001 to its subsequent amendment in June 2003. It looks at the interaction between four principal kinds of actors: Hungary (a kin state legislating support for ethnic co- nationals in neighbouring countries), Romania and Slovakia (home states to sizeable Hungarian ethnic groups), the Hungarian minorities in Romania and Slovakia, and the European institutions that became involved in the dispute as mediators.
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Fedorov, Aleksandr V. "CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC". Russian investigator 7 (24 de julio de 2019): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3783-2019-7-68-77.
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The article is dedicated to the general issues of establishment of the criminal liability of legal entities in the Slovak Republic (Slovakia). Similarity of prerequisites for introduction of such liability in the Slovak Republic is noted. Gradual establishment of criminal liability of legal entities in Slovakia is noted, initially it was by means of amendment of the Criminal Code of Slovakia by Law No. 224/2010, which allows for using such “protective measures” as redemption and deprivation of property in relation to legal entities, then it was by means of adoption of Law No. 91/2016 on criminal liability of legal entities. Basic provisions of the Slovak law on criminal liability of legal entities are considered. The attention is paid to the fact that in the Slovak Republic there is a so-called selective criminalization as to the criminal liability of legal entities, when they can be held criminally liable not for all crimes specified in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Slovakia, but only for those of them, which are specified in the special Law No. 91/2016. A list of crimes, for which criminal liability is possible for legal entities, and conditions under which a crime is admitted to be committed by a legal entity, is specified. It is specified, which types of legal entities are foreseen by the Slovak law, and noted that not all of them can be the subjects of criminal liability according to the national laws. The effect of the criminal law is considered in relation to legal entities that have committed crimes in the territory of the Slovak Republic and outside it. The article contains the description of the types of criminal punishments of legal entities, which include: liquidation of the legal entity; deprivation of property; deprivation; penalty; prohibition to carry out activity; prohibition to receive subsidies and grants; prohibition to receive assistance and support from funds of the European Union; prohibition to participate in state procurement; publication of conviction.
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Lefeber, René. "Case Analysis: The Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project and the Law of State Responsibility". Leiden Journal of International Law 11, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1998): 609–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156598000430.
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In the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros proceedings, the parties, viz. Hungary and Slovakia, defended their conduct, amongst others, with arguments derived from the relationship between the law of treaties and the law of state responsibility, and from the law of state responsibility itself. In its judgment, the International Court of Justice disentangled the mixture of arguments derived from the law of treaties and the law of state responsibility advanced by Hungary, and drew a clear line between these two branches of international law. Second, it rejected several circumstances that were advanced by the parties to preclude the wrongfulness of their conduct. On both these accounts, the author opines that the declaratory dicta of the Court have contributed to the development of the law of state responsibility. Third, the Court decided on the legal consequences of the intersecting internationally wrongful acts committed by Hungary and Slovakia. According to the author, the Court erred in its reasoning on this account by confusing the award of cessation of the internationally wrongful acts with the award of reparation for these acts.
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Radecki, Wojciech Anna Zientara y Anna Zientara. "Ustawowe ujęcie przestępstwa rozboju w prawie czeskim i słowackim w porównaniu do rozwiązań przyjętych w polskim kodeksie karnym". Studia Iuridica, n.º 89 (2 de mayo de 2022): 287–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2022-89.15.
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This article introduces readers to the regulation of the act of robbery in the Czech and Slovak penal codes. The solutions adopted in the Czech Republic and Slovakia have been presented by comparing them to the regulation of the act of robbery contained in the Polish Penal Code. The perormed analysis showed that there are significant differences between the regulation of the act of robbery in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and the solutions adopted in the Polish Penal Code. For example, the qualifying types of robbery were presented differently. Moreover, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia the act of robbery takes place already at the moment of conducting violence to seize property, while in Poland it takes place at a later stage – with the actual seizure of someone else’s property. What is already a robbery under Czech and Slovak law, is only an attempt according to the Polish Penal Code. The article also compares severity of penalties for robbery in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and presents the options for liability of collective entities for robbery in these three countries.
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Jáger, Róbert. "Criminal Law and Punishment in the Middle Ages in Slovakia". Journal of Modern Science 44, n.º 1 (21 de julio de 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13166/jms/123103.
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Durech, Richard, Alexandru Minea, Lavinia Mustea y Lubica Slusna. "Regional evidence on Okun's Law in Czech Republic and Slovakia". Economic Modelling 42 (octubre de 2014): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.05.039.
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Dufala, Martin y Lenka Grešová. "Do Animals Have Any Rights in Slovakia?" Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 30, n.º 3 (16 de septiembre de 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2021.30.3.47-65.
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This article focuses on assessing whether the current Slovak legal framework provides animals with a sufficient level of protection against cruelty and maltreatment. Past and current Slovak legislation on animal protection was analyzed in light of the major animal welfare challenges that Slovakia faces today. Contrary to what the title of the study suggests, a different approach was chosen to strengthen the protection of animals – not through the concept of animal rights, but the concept of human rights to a favourable environment. In addition, the possibility of using the already existing environmental law legal instruments when the well-being of animal is threatened was discussed.
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Havlíček, Karel. "XXII. ročník konference právních romanistů ČR a SR". PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE 53, n.º 1 (25 de julio de 2023): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2023.15.
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Halamová, Júlia. "Introductory community psychology in Slovakia". Human Affairs 29, n.º 1 (28 de enero de 2019): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-2019-0001.
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Daniel, David P. "The Reformation and Eastern Slovakia". Human Affairs 1, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 1991): 172–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/humaff-1991-010209.
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Čech, Vladimír y Miriama Javorská. "Analysis of the current state of the developement in the area of secured routes (via ferratas) in Slovakia". Geografická revue 19, n.º 2 (7 de febrero de 2024): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/gr.2023.19.2.4-16.
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Climbing on secured routes (via ferratas) represents a specific form of "hard" adventure tourism, for which the term "adrenaline tourism" is also used. The development of via ferratas construction in Slovakia can be dated back to the 21st century in comparison to the Alpine region where construction began in 1843. Eight authorized/legal via ferratas and several “unofficial” ones are known in Slovakia. Considering this relatively new form of tourism in Slovakia, it is possible to assume its dynamic development shortly. The limiting factors of their construction in Slovakia are the financial costs for the construction and maintenance and especially the requirements for nature protection under Act no. 543/2002 Coll. The paper analyses the current state of development of the existing via ferratas in Slovakia, their spatial distribution, comparison, and fundamental parameters. Also, it considers the potential of their future development. The work is the first study in this field in Slovakia, as a similar analysis has yet to be carried out.
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Bobek, Michal. "The Administration of Courts in the Czech Republic: In Search of a Constitutional Balance". European Public Law 16, Issue 2 (1 de mayo de 2010): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/euro2010018.
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This article focuses on the administration of courts in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The comparison of the recent developments and case law in both countries suggests that in post-Communist societies, the problems encountered in the area of the administration of courts are the same irrespective of the institutional design chosen, that is, irrespective of the fact whether or not a country established a self-standing judicial council or not. Moreover, as the current developments in Slovakia show, the establishment of an independent judicial council in a politically immature environment may even lead to certain ‘hijacking’ of a new institution by the old Communist judicial elites and the sealing-off of the institution behind a veil of judicial independence
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Rončáková, Terézia. "Strengths and weaknesses of the church media in Slovakia". Informatologia 51, n.º 3-4 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 206–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32914/i.51.3-4.9.
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The author analyses strong and weak points of the Church media in Slovakia. Her conclusions are based on more than ten previous researches in the field of Church and media, realized on the Catholic University in Ruzomberok, Slovakia. She states, that Slovak church media are exclusively pastoral, wilfully resigning to the evangelization function. Marginal evangelization attempts (such as in Radio Lumen in the late 1990s) have failed. This means, inter alia, that they do not do journalism in its original sense. They act as public relations bodies of the bishop’s conferences and as an extension of spiritual service of the church to the believers. The competent decision-makers (i.e. church hierarchy) are not willing to subsidize evangelization medium, because the currently accepted doctrine is to use ‘their own’ media space to spread ‘their own’ messages. Thus, opening complex topics, covering opinion plurality and encouraging discussion, is regarded as harmful. This function is, in the last years, substituted by the commercial project of the Conservative daily Postoj, but this is neither a church nor religious medium. As the researches show, also the request of believing audience for independent critical Church medium is disputable. The audience is – disregarding age – divided between the audience of the official church media and decent secular media. Between these two groups exists a relatively strong antagonism
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Murray Svidroňová, Mária, David Cole y Jolana Gubalová. "The Nostalgianomics and Living Preference in Slovakia". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 17, n.º 3 (25 de julio de 2019): 873–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/17.3.873-895(2019).
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The paper is focused on town planning from different point of view thancurrent urban and economic development which stresses the need of building metropolises and smart cities as a cure for urban problems. The paper is a counter-balance to this statement, especially in the conditions of Slovakia. The objective of this paper is to analyse living preferences of 496 respondents and to discuss a new term of nostalgianomics. Nostalgianomics explains that nostalgic sentiment can be used as an economic and creative force, as an incentive for investment, housing and urban planning. Main conclusion proves this statement, most respondents chose a place to live that is less crowded and less urban.
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Laclavíková, Miriam y Adriana Švecová. "Dve strany jednej mince – úbohá alebo veselá vdova? Právne postavenie vdovy v súkromnom práve konca 19. a v prvej polovice 20. storočia na území Slovenska". PRÁVNĚHISTORICKÉ STUDIE 52, n.º 2 (15 de septiembre de 2022): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/2464689x.2022.21.
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The study introduces the peculiarities of the private law status of the widow in Hungarian law and subsequently in Czechoslovak law, specifically in the legal sphere of Slovakia and Carpatian Ruthenia. It notes the respect and preservation of traditionalism in the view of the originally medieval institution of widow’s law and the efforts to gradually transform its content and scope (also in the draft of the Hungarian Civil Code of 1900). The study had to deal with the specific nature of the sources – the basis of the widow’s private law status was in fact the provisions of the Provisional Judicial Rules of the Judicial Conference (1861), legal custom, established judicial practice and only partial statutory regulation. The failure of codification efforts in the field of Hungarian civil law and the subsequent reception of the law into the Czechoslovak legal order led to the preservation of this platform of sources of law – and thus also certain relics of medieval law – in the law in force in the territory of Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia. The study approaches the widow through her broadly understood widow’s right (ius viduale), competing with the husband’s legal heirs, and its place in the period of constructed modernity.
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Deviatnikovaitė, Ieva. "Selection of Judges for Administrative Courts". Teisė 118 (2 de marzo de 2021): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2021.118.6.
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Administrative law, unlike civil or criminal law, is not a codified branch of law and it is characterized by a large number of sources of different legal force. Thus, a judge hearing administrative disputes must have particularly deep knowledge of administrative law. The article analyzes the experience of France, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, and Lithuania in selecting candidates for judges to work with administrative cases.
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Mamojka, Mojmír y Jacek Dworzecki. "Development of Commercial Law in the Slovak Republic - Outline of problems". Internal Security 8, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2016): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/20805268.1231517.
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The article concerns the issue of trade law in the context of its evolution and the current realities of its being in force in Republic of Slovakia. In the paper the authors present an historical view of the creation of legal regulations about trade from ancient times to present days. In the first part of the paper the political system and its components are discussed. The reader will be able to acquaint themselves with the functioning of the apparatus of executive power (the government and ministries), legislative power (the parliament consisting of 150 members) and judiciary (independent courts and prosecutors) in the Republic of Slovakia. Moreover, this part of the article provides information about practical aspects of the creation of selected components of the constitutional legal order (e.g. parliamentary elections). In the second part, the paper covers the evolution of trade law over the centuries, approaches to regulations in Mesopotamia, based on, inter alia, the Code of Hammurabi, and also in ancient Egypt and Greece. Tracing the development of trade law over the centuries, the authors also present the evolution of legal regulations in this field in the XIX century, with particular reference to France, Germany and Austria-Hungary (especially the territory which today forms the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic). In the last part of the article, the forming of regulations of trade law in Czechoslovakia from 1918 and during subsequent periods which created the history of that country, to the overthrow communism and the peaceful division of the state in 1993 into two separate, independent state organisms – the Czech Republic and Slovakia - is approached.
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Buday, Š. "Development trends in land market prices in Slovakia". Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 51, No. 5 (20 de febrero de 2012): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5096-agricecon.
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After the accession to the EU, there is a necessity to develop the land market in Slovakia. The achievement of the following conditions is necessary: settlement of estates in lands and unification of the law of real property in the areas of ownership, utilization, change of the land type, soil conservation, land use planning and building multiple-function agriculture with the legislation of the market economy countries as well as its harmonization with the EU legal regulations. It is also necessary to develop an official network to follow transactions on the land market, a regular update of data and their evaluation.
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Čitbaj, František. "Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law". E-Theologos. Theological revue of Greek Catholic Theological Faculty 2, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2011): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10154-011-0020-3.
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Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law This article treats of new situation of Greek Catholic metropolitan church sui iuris in Slovakia, by describing its historical development. It is describing terms of Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches as tradition, ceremony and church sui iuris. It is also about institutes typical for metropolitan churches, which are the following: the institute of metropolitan, council of hierarch and also convention of metropolitan church sui iuris.
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Čitbaj, František. "Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in the Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law". E-Theologos. Theological revue of Greek Catholic Theological Faculty 2, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2011): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10154-011-0005-2.
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Greek Catholic Metropolitan Church sui iuris in Slovakia and Greek Catholic Church in the Czech Republic within the Current Catholic Canon Law This article treats of new situation of Greek Catholic metropolitan church sui iuris in Slovakia, by describing its historical development. It is describing terms of Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches as tradition, ceremony and church sui iuris. It is also about institutes typical for metropolitan churches, which are the following: the institute of metropolitan, council of hierarch and also convention of metropolitan church sui iuris.
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Hoenderkamp, Erik. "The Danube: Damned or Dammed? The Dispute Between Hungary and Slovakia Concerning the Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros Project." Leiden Journal of International Law 8, n.º 2 (1995): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500003332.
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AbstractThis article deals with the legal aspects of the dispute between Hungary and Slovakia concerning a joint project of locks and power-stations, which had to be constructed in the Danube at Gabc ikovo and Nagymaros. Rules of treaty-law, environ-mental protection, good faith, reprisal and contributory negligence will be applied to assess whether Hungary was entitled to terminate the treaty and whether Slovakia could lawfully construct a provisional solution. Furthermore the significance of the case and its submission to the International Court of Justice is addressed.
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RAJČÁNIOVÁ, Miroslava. "AGRICULTURAL LAND MARKET IN SLOVAKIA UNDER THE NEW LAND ACQUISITION LAW". Review of Agricultural and Applied Economics 17, n.º 02 (14 de octubre de 2014): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15414/raae.2014.17.02.84-87.
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