Tesis sobre el tema "Larvae – Dispersal"
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Phillips, Susan Elizabeth Penny. "Tertiary marine prosobranchs: larval dispersal and geographic range". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44171.
Texto completoRasmuson, Leif. "The Influence of Behavior and Hydrodynamics on the Dispersal of Dungeness Crab, Cancer magister, Larvae". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19671.
Texto completoTaggart, Christopher Thomas. "Mortality of larval capelin (Mallotus villosus Muller) : environmental and density correlates during post-emergent dispersal". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72771.
Texto completoBrink, Laura Ann. "Cross-shelf transport of planktonic larvae of inner shelf benthic invertebrates". Thesis, Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 1996, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10073.
Texto completoHoover, Trent. "Hydrodynamic controls on the movement of invertebrate larvae and organic matter in small streams". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1394.
Texto completoMiller, Raeanne Gwen. "Larval dispersal and population connectivity : implications for offshore renewable energy structures". Thesis, University of the Highlands and Islands, 2013. https://pure.uhi.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/larval-dispersal-and-population-connectivity-implications-for-offshore-renewable-energy-structures(ee382e5b-0923-48f4-bc44-0e7ede647b3d).html.
Texto completoOstrow, D. Gigi y n/a. "Larval dispersal and population genetic structure of brachiopods in the New Zealand fiords". University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070308.144342.
Texto completoWood, Sally. "Modelling present and future dispersal of coral larvae : implications for the response of corals to climate change". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682361.
Texto completoLundkvist, Elisabeth. "Diversity, dispersal, and interactions among diving beetles and mosquitoes in Swedish wetlands /". Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/tek796s.pdf.
Texto completoOckhuis, Samantha Angelique Natasha. "The “suitcase hypothesis” – can eddies provide a pathway for gene flow between Madagascar and KwaZulu-Natal?" Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2475.
Texto completoSimilarities in marine fauna found off the coasts of southern Madagascar and KwaZulu-Natal (KZN, South Africa) led to the development of the “Suitcase Project”, with the aim of establishing whether eddies that form off southern Madagascar may package and transport biological material, as if in a suitcase, across the Mozambique Channel. In pursuit of this question, sampling was conducted on the southern Madagascan shelf and along a transect across a cyclonic eddy which originated off the southern tip of Madagascar, between the 15th and 23rd of July 2013. Bongo nets (300 and 500 μm-mesh) and a neuston net (900 μm-mesh) were used to collect zooplankton within the upper 200 m and at the surface, respectively. Samples were sorted for meroplankton (larval stages of fish and benthic invertebrates) under a stereo microscope, particularly seeking species known to be common to both the east coasts of Madagascar and South Africa and, thus potential indicators of connectivity between these regions. Larvae of crabs, rock lobster, and fish were used for DNA barcoding. Zooplankton biovolume and abundance were compared between the eddy core, eddy periphery and outer regions of the eddy, as well as stations from the Madagascan shelf. Mean neuston biovolume on the Madagascan (0.08 mL m-3) was not significantly higher than that in the eddy (0.06 mL m-3). Mean bongo biovolume in the upper 200 m was much higher on the Madagascan shelf (0.62 mL m-3) than in the eddy (0.16 mL m-3) although only 2 stations were sampled on the shelf. Highest biovolume in the eddy was recorded in the west eddy zone (0.25 mL m-3) and west outer zone (0.23 mL m-3), which was not statistically significantly higher than the eddy core (0.12 mL m-3) and east eddy zone (0.17 mL m-3). Meroplankton was comprised of coastal origin taxa and was most abundant on the shelf and in the eddy perimeters. Larval goat-fish, Parupeneus fraserorum was identified, a newly described mullid, and has been recorded on both the coasts of Madagascar and KZN, SA. Larvae of coastal invertebrate species identified, include the squat lobster Allogalathea elegans and camel shrimp Rhynchocinetes durbanensis. Other larval fish identified, but not found in high abundance include the families of reef associated fishes, for example: Apogonidae, Labridae, Pomacentridae, Priacanthidae, Serranidae and Sparidae. Higher zooplankton biovolumes, larval abundances and reef-associated larval assemblages found on the Madagascan shelf and in the periphery of the cyclonic eddy compared to the core in this study provide support for the suitcase hypothesis that planktonic organisms are entrained within eddies as they propagate south-westwards of the Madagascan shelf. However, further studies are required to determine whether planktonic larvae are able to cross the Mozambique Channel and reach the KZN coast in time to settle.
McCulloch, Anita. "Nearshore topographic fronts : their effect on larval settlement and dispersal at Sunset Bay, Oregon". Thesis, Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10077.
Texto completoPattrick, Paula. "Larval fish dynamics in the shallow nearshore of Eastern Algoa Bay with particular emphasis on the effects of currents and swimming abilities on dispersal". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005139.
Texto completoFuchs, Heidi L. "Biophysical coupling between turbulence, veliger behavior, and larval supply". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39193.
Texto completoThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references.
The goals of this thesis were to quantify the behavior of gastropod larvae (mud snails Ilyanassa obsoleta) in turbulence, and to investigate how that behavior affects larval supply in a turbulent coastal inlet. Gastropod larvae retract their velums and sink rapidly in strong turbulence. Turbulence-induced sinking would be an adaptive behavior if it resulted in increased larval supply and enhanced settlement in suitable coastal habitats. In laboratory experiments, mud snail larvae were found to have three behavioral modes: swimming, hovering, and sinking. The proportion of sinking larvae increased exponentially with the turbulence dissipation rate over a range comparable to turbulence in a tidal inlet, and the mean larval vertical velocity shifted from upward to downward in turbulence resembling energetic nearshore areas. The larval response to turbulence was incorporated in a vertical advection-diffusion model to characterize the effects of this behavior on larval supply and settlement in a tidal channel. Compared to passive larvae, larvae that sink in turbulence have higher near-bed concentrations throughout flood and ebb tides.
(cont.) This high larval supply enables behaving larvae to settle more successfully than passive larvae in strong currents characteristic of turbulent tidal inlets. A study was conducted at Barnstable Harbor, MA to estimate the responses of larvae to turbulence in the field. Gastropod larvae from different coastal environments had genus-specific responses to turbulence, suggesting that larvae use turbulence for large-scale habitat selection. On ebb tides, mud snail larvae had a similar response to turbulence as in the laboratory, with greater sinking velocities in strong turbulence. Behavior estimates differed for flood and ebb tides, indicating that additional physical cues influence behavior. Turbulence-induced sinking behavior would enhance retention and promote settlement of mud snail larvae in habitats like Barnstable Harbor.
by Heidi L. Fuchs.
Ph.D.
Tapia, Fabián. "Adult demography and larval processes in coastal benthic populations : intertidal barnacles in Southern California and Baja California". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39192.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references.
The geographic distribution and dynamics of coastal benthic populations are shaped by physical - biological interactions affecting larval dispersal and the demography of juvenile and adult individuals. This thesis focused on nearshore patterns of larval distribution and regional patterns in demography of intertidal barnacles in Southern and Baja California. Horizontal and vertical distributions, and the mortality rates of larvae, were assessed from short term (i.e. days) small- scale observations (0.1-1 km) in nearshore waters. Observations on spatial variability of adult barnacle demography were gathered over 1.5 years at scales of hundreds of kilometers. Stage-specific horizontal distributions and nearshore current measurements suggested that larvae of Balanus g-landula and Chthamalus spp. may experience limited dispersal. High mortality rates could further limit travel distances and the exchange of individuals among disjunct populations. Data on vertical distributions indicated that nauplii and cyprids of Balanus nubilus and Pollicipes polymerus occur at different depths. Nauplii remained near the surface at all times, whereas cyprids occurred in the bottom half of the water column.
(cont.) Such distributions, combined with vertical variability in horizontal flows, might cause the observed horizontal segregation of nauplii and cyprids. Differences in survival, growth rate, size structure, and per capita fertility of adult Balanus glandula were observed between Dana Point (Southern California) and Punta Baja (Baja California), a site located near the species' southern limit of distribution. Effects of spatial differences in demography on population persistence were assessed with a stage-structured matrix model. Model analyses indicated that the Punta Baja population is more susceptible to environmental stochasticity and more prone to local extinction than populations located further north. This thesis emphasizes the importance of characterizing factors that affect the dynamics of benthic populations at multiple spatial-temporal scales, and the usefulness of small scale high- frequency observations of nearshore phenomena, especially in relation with the dispersal of larvae.
by Fabián J. Tapia.
Ph.D.
Silver, Gregory Shell. "Investigations of Larval Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus Osmotic Stress Tolerance and Occurrence in a Tidally-Influenced Estuarine Stream". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2358.
Texto completoUnderwood, Jim. "Routine and rare genetic connections in corals off northwest Australia and the implications for conservation". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0158.
Texto completoLam, Adriane R. "Paleobiogeographic Analyses of Late Ordovician Faunal Migrations: Assessing Regional and Continental Pathways and Mechanisms". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1428515661.
Texto completoKim, Stacy L. "Larval dispersal between hydrothermal vent habitats". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40566.
Texto completoHolzhausen, Hurian Gallinari. "Movimentação larval de lepidópteros-praga em soja e milho". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152498.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
RESUMO - Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) e Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) são consideradas pragas de grande importância na cultura da soja, enquanto Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) é considerada importante na cultura do milho no Brasil Central. Para o controle bem-sucedido dessas pragas usando plantas Bt, bem como o desenvolvimento de estratégias do manejo de resistência, é essencial conhecer a movimentação do estágio larval desses insetos. O estudo foi conduzido dentro de gaiolas teladas (3,00 x 3,00 x 1,80 m), a fim de evitar infestações naturais. As lagartas foram liberadas em uma planta localizada no centro das gaiolas. As lagartas e as injurias foram observadas a fim de registrar a posição na planta e a localização na gaiola. Lagartas de C. includens e H. armigera apresentaram movimentação entre as plantas de soja, enquanto lagartas de D. saccharalis praticamente se mantiveram nas plantas onde houve a liberação. Com isso, a adoção de mistura de sementes não Bt e Bt para o estabelecimento de refúgio em cultivos Bt pode ser adequado apenas para D. saccharalis.
ABSTRACT - Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are considered pests of great importance in soybean crop, while Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is considered important in maize crop in the Brazilian Central region. For the successful control of these pests using Bt plants as well as development of resistance management strategies, it is essential to know the larval stage movement of these insects. The study was carried out inside saran cages (3.00 x 3.00 x 1.80 m), in order to avoid natural infestation. Larvae were released in a plant located in the center of the cages. Larvae and injuries were observed in order to register the position in the plant and the location in the cage. Larvae of C. includens e H. armigera moved between soybean plants, whereas D. saccharalis practically remained in the plants where they were released. Thus, the adoption of non-Bt and genetically modified seed mixture for refuge establishment in Bt crops may be suitable only for D. saccharalis.
134533/2015-1
Puls, Amy L. "Transport of zooplankton in South Slough, Oregon". Thesis, Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2002, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10057.
Texto completoIrisson, Jean-Olivier. "Approche comportementale de la dispersion larvaire en milieu marin = Behavioural approach to larval dispersal in marine systems". Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344625.
Texto completoConceição, Larissa da Silva. "Movimentação Larval de Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) em Milho Cultivado no Sistema Santa Fé /". Jaboticabal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183419.
Texto completoResumo: O cultivo de milho pode ser realizado em consórcio com outras gramíneas como Urochloa ruziziensis (Germain & Evrard). Assim, a lagarta-do- cartucho pode se desenvolver nesta última e se movimentar posteriormente para o milho. Entretanto, larvas em estádios de desenvolvimento mais avançados podem não ser afetadas pela concentração expressa de proteína inseticida nos híbridos de milho. Diante disso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a movimentação de larvas de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) em cultivo de milho cultivado em consórcio com U. ruziziensis. O estudo foi conduzido em campo e em gaiolas teladas. Os tratamentos consistiram em milho híbrido Bt e milho não Bt cultivados em consórcio ou não, além do cultivo solteiro de U. ruziziensis. Os resultados indicaram que larvas neonatas de S. frugiperda se movimentam do milho para o capim e vice- versa. Isto favoreceu a sobrevivência dos insetos, principalmente nas situações de consórcio quando dois recursos alimentares estavam disponíveis. Por outro lado, não se verificou a presença de larvas de 4o a 6o ínstares em plantas de milho Bt em consórcio com U. ruziziensis. Isto sugere que a expressão de proteína Vip 3 é suficientemente elevada para causar mortalidade mesmo em larvas mais desenvolvidas. Estes resultados são importantes para aprimoramento do atual programa de manejo de resistência de insetos às táticas de controle para garantir a maior durabilidade da tecnologia e constatar se o capim pode ser usado como refúgio ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Mestre
Phillips, Susan Elizabeth Penney. "Tertiary marine prosobranchs : larval dispersal and geographic range /". This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08042009-040456/.
Texto completoJarvis, Marley. "Physical Oceanography, Larval Dispersal, and Settlement Across Nearshore Fronts". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18711.
Texto completoDomingues, Carla Sofia Portela. "Population genetics of C. Maenas : oceanography and larval dispersal". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/973.
Texto completoDecifrar a complexa interacção entre os ciclos de vida de espécies marinhas e a oceanografia revela-se fundamental para a compreensão do fluxo genético e da conectividade no meio marinho. Nas espécies marinhas com desenvolvimento indirecto o fluxo de genes entre populações depende da distância que separa as populações, bem como da interacção entre a duração do desenvolvimento larvar, do comportamento das larvas e dos padrões de circulação oceânica. A conectividade larvar influencia uma variedade de processos como a dinâmica de stocks e de populações, a distribuição e limites geográficos das espécies, a estrutura genética das populações e a dispersão de espécies invasivas e reveste-se consequentemente de uma importância fundamental na identificação das unidades populacionais evolucionariamente relevantes e para a gestão e conservação marinhas. Os marcadores genéticos e os Modelos Individuais Acoplados a Modelos Físico-Biológicos (“ICPBMs”) são actualmente ferramentas fundamentais para o estudo dos padrões de dispersão larvar e para avaliar o nível de conectividade populacional. A presente tese respeita à avaliação das escalas espaciais de conectividade de populações de uma espécie costeira, o caranguejo Carcinus maenas, e utiliza conjuntamente informação de marcadores genéticos, análise de séries temporais de fornecimento de larvas e um modelo numérico de circulação oceânica. O primeiro capítulo introduz a temática da conectividade em espécies marinhas e inclui algumas referências aos métodos moleculares, analíticos e de modelação seguidos ao longo da tese. Através da utilização de múltiplas ferramentas – avaliação da estrutura genética geográfica de C. maenas na sua distribuição nativa com recurso a marcadores de DNA (microssatélites) (Capítulo 2), avaliação da estrutura genética temporal das larvas que formam os eventos de fornecimento larvar à Ria de Aveiro, NW Portugal (Capítulo 3), descrição da variabilidade inter-anual do fornecimento larvar à Ria de Aveiro, NW Portugal (Capítulo 4) e validação de um modelo ICPBM que descreve os padrões observados de fornecimento (Capítulo 5) – esta tese espera poder contribuir para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos que regulam o fluxo de genes e a conectividade entre populações de organismos marinhos. No Capítulo 6 são apresentadas as principais conclusões da investigação. A análise genética com recurso a microssatélites indicou que as populações de C. maenas são geneticamente homogéneas ao longo de várias centenas de km, dentro da distribuição nativa da espécie. Paralelamente, não foram encontrados indícios da existência de reprodução por “sweepstakes” em C. maenas de populações da costa oeste da Península Ibérica, visto que não se obtiveram diferenças genéticas significativas entre os eventos larvares. Também não se encontrou qualquer estrutura familiar entre as larvas que formam cada episódio de fornecimento, e não houve nenhuma redução significativa da variabilidade genética das larvas quando comparada com a de caranguejos adultos. A análise de séries temporais de suprimento de larvas na Ria de Aveiro em cinco anos estudados indica que este é um fenómeno episódico e variável, sendo os maiores episódios de fornecimento coincidentes com as marés vivas e acentuados por fortes ventos de sul. O modelo ICPBM foi validado com sucesso e parece fornecer uma estimativa realística das escalas espaciais e temporais de dispersão larvar, de acordo com as observações da estrutura genética e da ausência de reprodução por “sweepstake” em C. maenas da costa oeste da Península Ibérica
Unravelling the interactions between life-history strategies and oceanographic processes is central to the understanding of gene flow and connectivity in the marine environment. In particular, for marine species with indirect development gene flow between populations depends on the distance separating the populations and on the interaction between duration of the larval phase, larval behaviour and current patterns. Larval connectivity affects many processes, including stock and population dynamics, species ranges, population genetic structure, and the spread of invasive species and is therefore an important consideration to identify evolutionary relevant population unit and for marine management and conservation efforts. Genetic markers and Individual-based Coupled Physical-Biological Models (ICPBMs) are two of the tools currently available for tracking dispersal pathways of larvae and to assess the degree of population connectivity. The present thesis concerns the spatial and temporal scale assessment of population connectivity of a coastal marine species, the shore crab Carcinus maenas, making use of genetic markers, time series larval supply analysis and an oceanographic numerical model. Chapter 1 introduces the thematic of marine species connectivity, including a brief reference to the molecular, analytical and modelling methods followed during the study. Making use of an interdisciplinary approach – assessment of genetic geographical structure with microsatellite markers within C. maenas native range (Chapter 2), assessment of temporal genetic structure of larvae forming each supply event to the Ria de Aveiro, NW Portugal (Chapter 3), description of interannual variability of larval supply to the Ria de Aveiro, NW Portugal (Chapter 4) and validation of an ICPBM to describe the observed time series of supply (Chapter 5) – the aims of this thesis is to contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms regulating gene flow and connectivity among marine populations. Finally, in Chapter 6 the main results and conclusions achieved are presented. Microsatellites analysis indicated that C. maenas populations were genetically similar across hundreds of km, within the species native range. Additionally, there was no evidence of sweepstakes reproduction in C. maenas from western Iberian coast populations since there were no significant differences amongst larval events. Among larvae in each episode, no genetic relatedness was found, and larvae did not present reduced genetic variability when compared to adult crabs. On a long time scale, larval supply to the Ria de Aveiro was episodic and variable throughout five different studied years, with highest supply numbers generally occurring around spring tides and enhanced by strong southerly winds. The ICPBM was successfully validated and appears to provide a realistic estimate of the observed spatial and temporal scales of the larval dispersal, consistent with the observations on genetic structure and lack of sweepstake reproduction in C. maenas from western Iberian coast.
Snauffer, Evgeniya Lyubomirova. "Modeling herring and hake larval dispersal in the Salish Sea". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43967.
Texto completoJones, Benjamin Thomas. "Trait-based modeling of larval dispersal in the Gulf of Maine". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112889.
Texto completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 151-163).
Population connectivity is a fundamental process that governs the spatial and temporal dynamics of marine ecosystems. For many marine species, population connectivity is driven by dispersal during a planktonic larval phase. The ability to obtain accurate, affordable, and meaningful estimates of larval dispersal patterns is therefore a key aspect of understanding marine ecosystems. Although field observations provide insight into dispersal processes, they do not provide a comprehensive assessment. Individual-based models (IBMs) that couple ocean circulation and particle-tracking models provide a unique ability to examine larval dispersal patterns with high spatial and temporal resolution. Obtaining accurate results with IBMs requires simulating a sufficient number of particles, and the sequential Bayesian procedure presented in chapter 2 identifies when the number of particles is adequate to address predefined research objectives. In addition, this method optimizes the particle release locations to minimize the requisite number of particles. Even after applying this method, the computational expense of IBM studies is still large. The model in chapter 3 seeks to increase the affordability of IBM studies by transferring some of the calculations to graphics processing units. Chapter 4 describes three algorithms that assist in interpreting IBM output by identifying coherent geographic clusters from population connectivity data. The first two algorithms have existed for nearly a decade and recently been applied separately to marine ecology, and we provide a direct comparison of the results from each. Additionally, we develop and present a new algorithm that simultaneously considers multiple species. Finally, in chapter 5, we apply these tools and a trait-based modeling framework to assess which species traits are most likely to impact dispersal success and patterns in the Gulf of Maine. We conclude that the traits influencing spawning distributions and habitat requirements for settlement are most likely to influence dispersal.
by Benjamin Thomas Jones.
Ph. D.
Phelps, Jack. "Modelling hydrodynamic transport and larval dispersal in North-East Atlantic Shelf seas". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2026939/.
Texto completoJohnson, Collin Hauer. "Self-fertilization, Larval Dispersal, and Population Structure in the Marine Bryozoan Bugula stolonifera". Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10180.
Texto completoDamerau, Malte [Verfasser]. "Comparative population genetics, larval dispersal and evolutionary aspects of Antarctic fishes (Notothenioidei) / Malte Damerau". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047578867/34.
Texto completoEdwards, Karen Pehrson Werner Francisco E. "Towards defining larval dispersal and population connectivity on the south east U.S. continental shelf". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,391.
Texto completoTitle from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Marine Sciences." Discipline: Marine Sciences; Department/School: Marine Sciences.
Lockwood, Dale Richard. "The effects of larval dispersal and spatial heterogeneity on the design of marine reserves /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Texto completoMonteiro, Ana Rita Andril. "Genetic structure of mussel population in NE Atlantic and Mediterranean: connectivity between deep-sea habitats". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17460.
Texto completoSpecies persist over time, due to exchange of individuals between subpopulations. In the marine environment, most benthic organisms have complex life cycles including pelagic larvae that are transported by ocean currents promoting species dispersal. Larval dispersal connects geographically distant populations and determines population structure. The knowledge about this biologic process provides relevant information for conservation of marine populations. This study investigates the genetic structure and connectivity of deep-sea mussel populations between fragmented habitats in the NE Atlantic and Mediterranean. The mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (mtCOI) gene was used to analyze site-specific genetic diversity and the population structure of two mussel species, Idas modiolaeformis and “Idas” simpsoni. Populations of each species are not geographically isolated. The presence of one dominant haplotype for each species suggests shared ancestral polymorphisms between Mediterranean and NE Atlantic populations. The overall high genetic differentiation observed in I. modiolaeformis indicates that the metapopulation is structured. Distant populations, located in Atlantic and E Mediterranean, revealed low genetic distances, suggesting gene flow between the two regions. Genetic and geographical distances support an island model of I. modiolaeformis population structure. A major drawback of this study is concerned with the discrepant number of individuals among populations. Further research will be needed, using more specimens and other gene markers, to investigate connectivity patterns at different spatial scales.
As espécies persistem ao longo do tempo devido à troca de indivíduos entre subpopulações. No ambiente marinho, a maioria dos organismos bentónicos têm ciclos de vida complexos, envolvendo larvas pelágicas que são transportadas por correntes oceânicas contribuindo para dispersão das espécies. A dispersão larvar estabelece conectividade entre populações geograficamente separadas e afeta a estrutura da população. O conhecimento deste processo biológico promove informações importantes para a conservação de populações marinhas. Este estudo investiga a estrutura genética e conectividade de populações de mexilhão de profundidade entre habitats fragmentados no NE Atlântico e Mediterrânico. O gene mitocondrial, Citocromo Oxidase I (mtCOI), foi utilizado para analisar diversidade genética por local e a estrutura populacional de duas espécies de mexilhão, Idas modiolaeformis e "Idas" simpsoni. As populações de cada uma das espécies não se encontram geograficamente isoladas. A presença de um haplótipo dominante para cada espécie sugere a partilha de polimorfismos ancestrais entre populações do Mediterrâneo e do NE Atlântico. As populações de I. modiolaeformis demonstraram uma elevada diferenciação genética, indicando estruturação da metapopulação. Populações distantes umas das outras, localizadas no Atlântico e E Mediterrâneo, revelaram baixas distâncias genéticas, sugerindo fluxo genético entre as duas regiões. Distâncias genéticas e geográficas suportam o modelo de ilha como o modelo para a estrutura populacional de I. modiolaeformis. Uma grande desvantagem deste estudo está relacionada com o número discrepante de indivíduos entre populações. Para investigar os padrões de conectividade em diferentes escalas espaciais serão necessários mais estudos, utilizando mais espécimes e outros marcadores genéticos.
Garcia, Berdeal Irene. "Hydrography and flow in the axial valley of the Endeavour segment : implications for larval dispersal /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11034.
Texto completoReis, Jesus Leonel da Costa dos. "Modelação da dispersão e conectividade larvar a NW da Península Ibérica". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16395.
Texto completoA cultura de mexilhão na costa NW da Península Ibérica, explorada desde o início do século XX, tem vindo a crescer na economia desta região. Desta forma, torna-se necessário conhecer os detalhes do ciclo de vida das larvas de mexilhão, durante a sua fase planctónica. Com o objetivo de estudar a dispersão, a conectividade larvar, e o recrutamento de larvas de mexilhão nas diferentes regiões da costa NW da Península Ibérica, foi implementado um modelo lagrangiano, ROFF. Este permite simular as trajetórias, o crescimento nas diferentes fases larvares, a taxa de mortalidade abiótica e por advecção para o ano particular, 2009. Os resultados obtidos com este modelo foram validados através da comparação com um conjunto de observações em estações amostradas nas Rias Baixas Galegas. Através da análise das matrizes de conectividade e do balanço de líquido, observou-se que a Ria de Arousa é a maior fornecedora de larvas. Para além disto, a Ria de Muros é a que apresenta um balanço emissãoreceção mais favorável. E ainda uma tendência na conectividade larvar em direção a N ao logo do ano, observando um fornecimento liquido de larvas nas regiões a N das principais Rias.
The mussel culture in the NW coast of the Iberian Peninsula, is exploited since the beginning of the XX Century, has been growing in the economy of this region. Thus, it is important to understand the details of the life cycle of mussel larvae, during its planktonic stage. In order to study a dispersion, the larvar connectivity, and the recruitment of mussel larvae in different regions of the NW coast of the Iberian Peninsula, it was implemented a Lagrangian model, ROFF. This allows the simulation of trajectories, growth in different larvar stages, the abiotic mortality rate and the advection for the year 2009. The results obtained with this model were validated through comparison with a set of observations at stations sampled in the four main Rias. Through the analysis of connectivity matrices and the net supply, it was observed that the Arousa’s Ria is the largest supplier of larvae. Furthermore, the Ria de Muros is the one presenting a more favorable emission - reception balance. And yet a trend in larvar connectivity towards the N throughout the year, noting a liquid supply of larvae in the regions N of the main Rias.
Gomes, Guilherme [UNESP]. "Processos auto-organizados: efeitos de substâncias químicas que agem no sistema nervoso sobre o desenvolvimento e padrão de dispersão larval pós-alimentar de dípteros (Calliphoridae e Muscidae)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99538.
Texto completoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A ordem Diptera desperta grande interesse nos estudos científicos devido à importância agrícola, sanitária, veterinária e forense, dependendo da espécie em estudo. A espécie Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) foi introduzida há cerca de 30 anos no Brasil e é de considerável importância médico-sanitária, além de poder ser utilizada em estudos forenses, na estimativa de intervalo pós-morte (IPM) em humanos. A espécie Musca domestica (Linnaeus) tem distribuição cosmopolita e é bastante comum no ambiente urbano e pode também transportar formas infectantes de muitas doenças. Nessas moscas, após o desenvolvimento dos imaturos em substratos discretos e efêmeros, as larvas abandonam o substrato alimentar em busca de um sítio para pupação, processo chamado de dispersão larval pós-alimentar. No entanto, em ambiente natural, tanto a fonte alimentar como o substrato de pupação podem estar contaminados com substâncias químicas, sendo que algumas destas podem ser de interesse forense ou ser aplicadas no controle de pragas. Assim, o principal objetivo do presente trabalho é procurar dar contribuição a um melhor conhecimento dos efeitos do ansiolítico Diazepam [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] sobre o desenvolvimento larval e comportamento de dispersão larval e do inseticida Fipronil [Regent 800 WG®] sobre a dispersão pós-alimentar das larvas de duas espécies de moscas (C. megacephala e M. domestica). Na análise do desenvolvimento larval, pôde-se observar que a presença de Diazepam no substrato alimentar aumenta o tempo de desenvolvimento larval, retardando o ganho de massa por tempo nas duas espécies estudadas, quando se compara ao grupo controle. Já o comportamento de dispersão larval foi alterado na presença de Fipronil ou de Diazepam, em relação ao controle, sendo que a profundidade de enterramento e a distância das pupas do centro de irradiação...
Some species of Diptera have a great medical and veterinary importance, acting as vectors of many diseases, addiction of having a considerable agricultural, commercial and ecological importance and other ones having forensic importance. Flies utilize discrete and ephemeral breeding sites for larval nutrition. After the exhaustion of food, larvae begin dispersing in search of sites to pupate or to additional food sources, a process referred as post feeding larval dispersal. However, in natural environments these breeding or feeding sites can be contaminated with chemical substances. Some of these substances can be of forensic interest or be applied in pest control. In the present study, the main objective was to investigate the effect of Diazepam® [Diazepam NQ® 10mg] and Fipronil® [Regent 800 WG®] on immature stages of Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae). The larvae were reared on artificial diet and rabbit liver on which different dosages of Diazepam were administrated in order to study the effects of this drug on the development and post feeding larval dispersal of the two species. Different dosages of the insecticide Fipronil were disposed in circular arena used as pupation substrate to investigate the effects on post feeding larval dispersal. The results showed that time required for larval development were significantly longer in colonies fed in contact with Diazepam than in the control ones, delaying the increase of mass per unit time in the two studied species. The larval dispersal behavior was modified in the presence of Fipronil and Diazepam, in comparison to arenas without the drugs. It was also observed that the burial depth and distance of the irradiation center were shorter than in the control groups for the two species... (Complete abstract click electronic address below)
Galindo, Heather Michelle. "Traveling into the unknown : using genes to track marine larval dispersal across ecological and evolutionary timescales /". May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Texto completoCuif, Marion. "Combinaison de la modélisation biophysique et de marquages isotopiques pour estimer la connectivité démographique des populations marines : application à Dascyllus aruanus dans le lagon sud-ouest de Nouvelle-Calédonie". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066526/document.
Texto completoUnderstanding marine populations dynamics is critical to their effective management,and requires information on patterns of dispersal and connectivity that are still poorlyknown. Many marine organisms have a bipartite life history with a pelagic larvalstage that often represents the only opportunity for dispersal. In the last decade,new empirical and simulation approaches to measuring larval dispersal have beendeveloped, but results from these two different approaches have rarely been comparedin the context of a single marine system, impeding the use of larval dispersal modelsin metapopulation models supporting decision making. In this doctoral research, weused both approaches to investigate larval connectivity for a coral reef fish, Dascyllusaruanus, in the South-West Lagoon of New Caledonia. Our biophysical dispersalmodel shows that larval retention exhibits considerable temporal variability at bothlagoon and patch reef scales and periodically reaches large values despite low averagewater residence time. Artificial transgenerational marking of embryonic otoliths inthe wild also showed relatively low self-recruitment rates indicating high populationopenness at the reproductive season scale, with considerable monthly variability ofself-recruitment. Large quantitative discrepancies between simulations and empiricalresults emphasize the need to better understand processes that facilitate local retention,such as homing behavior and very small scale circulation patterns
Lohmeyer, Adam M. "Larval Asian carp in the upper and middle Mississippi River : an index of establishment and dispersal potential /". Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559854851&sid=20&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completoKernehan, Colleen D. "Determination of the fine scale, temporal pattern of larval release by female blue crabs and application of this information to mathematical models of larval dispersal and recruitment". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.71 Mb., 74 p, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1435933.
Texto completoDrexler, Michael. "Evaluating the use of larval connectivity information in fisheries models and management in the Gulf of Mexico". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7499.
Texto completoQueiroga, Henrique. "Processos de dispersão e recrutamento das larvas do caranguejo Carcinus Maenas (L.) na Ria de Aveiro". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/978.
Texto completoRoss, Rebecca E. "Investigating the role of larval dispersal models in the development of an 'ecologically coherent' network of deep sea marine protected areas". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/6560.
Texto completoCallwood, Karlisa A. "Use of Larval Connectivity Modeling to Determine Settlement Habitats of Panulirus argus in The Bahamas as a Pre-cursor to Marine Protected Area Network Planning". Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/59.
Texto completoSTOCCO, L. B. "Conectividade entre populações de peixes recifais ao longo da Cadeia Vitória-Trindade: o papel da dispersão larval". Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/3857.
Texto completoPeixes recifais adultos são relativamente sedentários e a fase larval pode permitir a dispersão para locais distantes. Porém, ainda há incertezas sobre o quanto da produção ictioplanctônica é retida no local de origem e o quanto é dispersa e como as diferentes populações e espécies variam neste aspecto. O transporte larval, ditado por respostas biológicas e pelas condições físicas do ambiente, permite a conectividade entre populações. A Cadeia Vitória-Trindade (CVT) é constituída por seis montes submarinos pelas ilhas Trindade e Martin Vaz dispostos linear e perpendicularmente à costa do Espírito Santo e parece atuar como alpondras para peixes recifais. O trabalho objetivou analisar o fluxo de larvas ao longo da CVT. Foram feitas duas coletas na região e as larvas de peixes capturadas foram classificadas em recifal, epipelágica ou mesopelágica, de acordo com o habitat ocupado pelo adulto. Larvas de peixes mesopelágicos foram as mais abundantes e diversas em todos os locais, exceto sobre o monte submarino mais próximo à costa. Foi observado que a densidade e a riqueza de larvas de peixes recifais estão associadas a fatores como presença de locais rasos, distância de fontes externas de propágulos e dinâmica de correntes, tornando difícil o reconhecimento de algum padrão espacial. Foi realizada a simulação do transporte larval de peixes recifais no programa Ichthyop 3.2 utilizando um modelo hidrodinâmico ROMS referente à região entre a costa brasileira e o monte submarino mais distante da costa (i.e. não inclui as ilhas). A modelização do transporte foi realizada para dois tipos biológicos, com características de ampla (pelagic larval duration PLD- de 40 a 45 dias) e de baixa (PLD de 30 a 35 dias e presença de migração vertical) capacidade dispersiva. A simulação mostrou que há fluxo de larvas ao longo da CVT e regiões adjacentes com a necessidade de etapas intermediárias para o transporte entre os extremos da cadeia, caracterizando o modelo de alpondras modificado. Os fluxos larvais dos dois tipos biológicos se mostraram semelhantes. Dessa forma, a dispersão larval tem importante papel na conectividade de populações de peixes recifais ao longo dos montes submarinos da CVT e entre eles e a costa.
Nixon, John Bruce. "Dispersion modelling using finite-difference methods with application to larval western king prawn (Pencieus latisulcatus) in Spencer Gulf, South Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn736.pdf.
Texto completoWan, Pak-ho y 溫柏豪. "The role of Masked Palm Civet (Paguma larvata) and Small IndianCivet (Viverricula indica) in seed dispersal in Hong Kong, China". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42664664.
Texto completoGomes, Leonardo [UNESP]. "Processos auto-organizados em agregados de larvas de moscas-varejeiras em dispersão pós-alimentar: experimentação, modelagem e validação". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106580.
Texto completoFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Um dos principais propósitos da investigação de fenômenos em qualquer área de atuação é encontrar uma forma adequada de representação dos processos envolvidos que seja o mais simples possível. O estudo da auto-organização em agregados de organismos biológicos não pode fugir a este propósito, e foi realizado aqui em três etapas: experimentação, modelagem e validação. A experimentação vai permitir definir claramente os padrões de comportamento a serem analisados e interpretados. A modelagem irá recorrer a estratégias espaço-temporais para a síntese de explanações matemáticas, para as interações e modos de agir dos organismos. Finalmente, a validação estará baseada em simulações computacionais, comparações com os resultados experimentais e interpretação paramétrica dos modelos resultantes. Foi predominante junto ao processo de modelagem o uso apenas das informações provenientes das observações realizadas e dados experimentais coletados, caracterizando uma abordagem de modelagem bottom-up, em detrimento da incorporação de hipóteses intuitivas a respeito dos mecanismos envolvidos, procedimento típico das abordagens top-down. Além disso, a acurácia do modelo em reproduzir resultados experimentais não foi o único e principal fator de avaliação da qualidade dos modelos resultantes, pois o aspecto mais importante a ser considerado junto aos modelos é a capacidade de ampliar o conhecimento acerca do fenômeno envolvido. Embora existam muitas manifestações de auto-organização na natureza e que poderiam ser tomadas como casos de estudo, este projeto se propôs a investigar o processo de dispersão larval pós-alimentar em moscas-varejeiras do gênero Chrysomya. Essas moscas foram introduzidas no Brasil em meados dos anos 70, e são de considerável importância médico-sanitária...
In any area of investigation, one of the main goals is to identify the simplest and most adequate representation of the phenomenon being studied. The study of selforganization in aggregates of organisms is no exception to this rule. In the work described here, we used a combination of laboratory experiments, modeling and validation to clearly identify patterns of behavior. For modeling, spatiotemporal strategies were used to develop mathematical explanations of the interactions and ways organisms act. The final validation was based on computer simulations, comparisons with experimental results and parametric interpretation of the resulting models. The modeling was based on observations and data collected during the experiments, an approach known as bottom-up modeling, and which contrasts with top-down modeling that depends on the incorporation of intuitive hypotheses about the mechanisms involved. Apart from the accuracy of the model in reproducing the experimental results, the most important aspect to be considered is the ability of the resulting model(s) to increase our knowledge about a given phenomenon. In this investigation, we used postfeeding larval dispersal in blowflies of the genus Chrysomya as a model to study self-organization. Chrysomya blowflies were introduced into Brazil in the mid-1970s, and are of considerable medicosanitary importance since they are vectors of enteropathogens that cause facultative myiasis in animals and man; these flies are also used in forensic studies to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) in humans. The larval stage in these flies is the principal period in which there is competition for discrete, ephemeral food resources in the wild. After exhaustion of the food resources, the larvae leave the food... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Gomes, Leonardo. "Processos auto-organizados em agregados de larvas de moscas-varejeiras em dispersão pós-alimentar : experimentação, modelagem e validação /". Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106580.
Texto completoBanca: Arício Xavier Linhares
Banca: Wesley Augusto Conde Godoy
Banca: Janyra Oliveira Costa
Banca: Margareth M.M. Queiroz
Resumo: Um dos principais propósitos da investigação de fenômenos em qualquer área de atuação é encontrar uma forma adequada de representação dos processos envolvidos que seja o mais simples possível. O estudo da auto-organização em agregados de organismos biológicos não pode fugir a este propósito, e foi realizado aqui em três etapas: experimentação, modelagem e validação. A experimentação vai permitir definir claramente os padrões de comportamento a serem analisados e interpretados. A modelagem irá recorrer a estratégias espaço-temporais para a síntese de explanações matemáticas, para as interações e modos de agir dos organismos. Finalmente, a validação estará baseada em simulações computacionais, comparações com os resultados experimentais e interpretação paramétrica dos modelos resultantes. Foi predominante junto ao processo de modelagem o uso apenas das informações provenientes das observações realizadas e dados experimentais coletados, caracterizando uma abordagem de modelagem bottom-up, em detrimento da incorporação de hipóteses intuitivas a respeito dos mecanismos envolvidos, procedimento típico das abordagens top-down. Além disso, a acurácia do modelo em reproduzir resultados experimentais não foi o único e principal fator de avaliação da qualidade dos modelos resultantes, pois o aspecto mais importante a ser considerado junto aos modelos é a capacidade de ampliar o conhecimento acerca do fenômeno envolvido. Embora existam muitas manifestações de auto-organização na natureza e que poderiam ser tomadas como casos de estudo, este projeto se propôs a investigar o processo de dispersão larval pós-alimentar em moscas-varejeiras do gênero Chrysomya. Essas moscas foram introduzidas no Brasil em meados dos anos 70, e são de considerável importância médico-sanitária... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In any area of investigation, one of the main goals is to identify the simplest and most adequate representation of the phenomenon being studied. The study of selforganization in aggregates of organisms is no exception to this rule. In the work described here, we used a combination of laboratory experiments, modeling and validation to clearly identify patterns of behavior. For modeling, spatiotemporal strategies were used to develop mathematical explanations of the interactions and ways organisms act. The final validation was based on computer simulations, comparisons with experimental results and parametric interpretation of the resulting models. The modeling was based on observations and data collected during the experiments, an approach known as bottom-up modeling, and which contrasts with top-down modeling that depends on the incorporation of intuitive hypotheses about the mechanisms involved. Apart from the accuracy of the model in reproducing the experimental results, the most important aspect to be considered is the ability of the resulting model(s) to increase our knowledge about a given phenomenon. In this investigation, we used postfeeding larval dispersal in blowflies of the genus Chrysomya as a model to study self-organization. Chrysomya blowflies were introduced into Brazil in the mid-1970s, and are of considerable medicosanitary importance since they are vectors of enteropathogens that cause facultative myiasis in animals and man; these flies are also used in forensic studies to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) in humans. The larval stage in these flies is the principal period in which there is competition for discrete, ephemeral food resources in the wild. After exhaustion of the food resources, the larvae leave the food... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Doutor
Wotton, Debra Mary. "Consequences of dispersal failure: kereru and large seeds in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2509.
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