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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Large spectre d'hôte"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Large spectre d'hôte"
Badet, Thomas. "Genome scale analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana quantitative disease resistance to the generalist fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30403.
Texto completoIn nature, plant pathogen interactions are frequent but disease is not the most prevalent outcome. Indeed, plants evolved an efficient immune system able to face multiple pathogen attacks. Getting insights into plant microbe interactions at multiple levels will improve our understanding of how plants defend against pathogens and help building sustainable agronomy. Fungal plant pathogens are major threats to food security worldwide. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is an Ascomycete generalist plant pathogen causing mold diseases on hundreds of plant species. There is no genetic source of complete plant resistance to this generalist pathogen known to date. Instead, natural plant populations show a continuum of resistance levels controlled by multiple genes, a phenotype designated as quantitative disease resistance (QDR). Little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling the interaction between plants and S. sclerotiorum, and more generally which are the molecular bases underlying QDR in plants. My thesis project consisted in a first part in identifying molecular mechanisms underlying QDR to S. sclerotiorum in natural accessions of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. A Genome wide association study (GWAS) allowed me to associate genetic variation with disease resistance to S. sclerotiorum. The analysis pinpointed three genes in A. thaliana genome as putative candidates involved in QDR to S. sclerotiorum. I led the functional characterization of these genes and investigated natural diversity at these loci. The results revealed that a prolyl-oligopeptidase (POQR) and an actin-related protein complex member (ARPC4) are associated with QDR against S. sclerotiorum. The analysis of actin filament networks highlighted their role in response to S. sclerotiorum. Furthermore, I showed that POQR alleles evolved convergently in different plant lineages, suggesting that some QDR molecular mechanisms are conserved across plants. Among fungal parasites, some like S. sclerotiorum are able to infect multiple species while others are restricted to one or few hosts. In the second part of the project, I investigated the properties of S. sclerotiorum genome associated to its ability to infect hundreds of plant species. Theory predicts that generalism comes at a cost and may underlie important fitness trade-offs. At the genome level, some codons (nucleotide triplets) allow more efficient translation than their synonymous. Indeed, the genetic encoding of proteins is redundant with multiple codons specifying the same amino acid. The optimization of codon-usage is a mean to reduce the costs associated with protein production. I analysed codon-usage at the genome level in 45 fungal species to reveal that generalist parasites are highly codon optimized. Moreover, I showed that optimized codons are under purifying selection, suggesting that codon optimization is an adaptation to generalist parasitism in fungi
Szpirer, Cédric. "Rétrotransfert et mobilisation de plasmides à large spectre d'hôtes". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211765.
Texto completoSzpirer, Cédric. "Retrotransfert et mobilisation de plasmides à large spectre d'hôtes". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211774.
Texto completoGstalder, Marie-Eve. "Caractérisation de plasmides à large spectre d'hôtes isolés de biotopes pollués". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211565.
Texto completoMERMET-BOUVIER, PIERRE. "Transfert de genes dans les cyanobacteries unicellulaires : construction d'un vecteur d'expression conditionnelle a large spectre d'hote". Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112470.
Texto completoMarraccini, Pierre. "Isolement de promoteurs photoregules chez la cyanobacterie synechocystis 6803 et construction d'un vecteur de test des promoteurs a large spectre d'hote". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112147.
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