Tesis sobre el tema "Labor supply and employment"
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Ma, Ying-lok Enoch. "Evaluation and comparison of self-containment in the employment of Tuen Mun and Shatin new town /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18139103.
Texto completoSchneider, Gregg A. "Are high school graduates ready for employment? the employers' perspective /". Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998schneiderg.pdf.
Texto completoSkira, Meghan. "Essays on Informal Care, Labor Supply and Wages". Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2652.
Texto completoThesis advisor: Peter Gottschalk
This dissertation examines how caregiving for an elderly parent affects an adult child's labor supply and wages. In the first chapter (co-authored with Courtney H. Van Houtven and Norma B. Coe) we identify the relationship between informal care and labor force participation in the United States, both on the intensive and extensive margins, and examine wage effects. We control for time-invariant individual heterogeneity; rule out or control for endogeneity; examine effects for men and women separately; and analyze heterogeneous effects by task and intensity. We find modest decreases--1.4-2.4 percentage points--in the likelihood of working for caregivers providing personal care. Male and female chore caregivers, meanwhile, are more likely to retire. For female care providers who remain working, we find evidence that they decrease work by 3-10 hours per week and face a 2.3-2.6 percent wage penalty. We find little effect of caregiving on working men's hours or wages except for a wage premium for male intensive caregivers. In the second chapter I formulate and estimate a dynamic discrete choice model of elder parent care and work to analyze how caregiving affects a woman's current and future labor force participation and wages. Intertemporal tradeoffs, such as decreased future earning capacity due to a current reduction in labor market work, are central to the decision to provide care. The existing literature, however, overlooks such long-term considerations. I depart from the previous literature by modeling caregiving and work decisions in an explicitly intertemporal framework. The model incorporates dynamic elements such as the health of the elderly parent, human capital accumulation and job offer availability. I estimate the model on a sample of women from the Health and Retirement Study by efficient method of moments. The estimates indicate that intertemporal tradeoffs matter considerably. In particular, women face low probabilities of returning to work or increasing work hours after a caregiving spell. Using the estimates, I simulate several government sponsored elder care policy experiments: a longer unpaid leave than currently available under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993; a paid work leave; and a caregiver allowance. The leaves encourage more work among intensive care providers since they guarantee a woman can return to her job, while the caregiver allowance discourages work. A comparison of the welfare gains generated by the policies shows that half the value of the paid leave can be achieved with the unpaid leave, and the caregiver allowance generates gains comparable to the unpaid leave
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
Mwachofi, Ari K. "A comparative study of rural Virginia farm and non farm household labor supply". Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39506.
Texto completoPh. D.
Griffin, Naomi N. "Labor reallocation, productivity and output volatility in Japan". College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2711.
Texto completoLin, Ta-Win. "Women's labor force supply and commuting behavior: a time-budget analysis". PDXScholar, 1985. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/452.
Texto completoAndersson, Lina. "Essays on immigrant self-employment and labour supply". Licentiate thesis, Växjö University, School of Management and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1767.
Texto completoThis licentiate’s thesis consists of two essays on immigrant self-employment and labour supply.
The first essay (co-author Mats Hammarstedt), Intergenerational transmissions in immigrant self-employment: Evidence from three generations, reviews intergenerational transmissions in immigrant self-employment over three generations. More precisely, we study whether self-employment is transferred both from grandfather to grandson and from father to son, as well as if there are any differences between immigrant groups and differences between immigrants and natives. In addition, we investigate the importance of the intergenerational transfer of general and specific human capital for choice of business line. The results show that having a self-employed father and self-employed grandfather have a strong positive effect on self-employment propensities for male third-generation immigrants. On the other hand, natives were found to transfer self-employment from father to son, but not from grandfather to grandson. The results also indicate that immigrants inherit self-employment abilities from their self-employed fathers increasing the self-employment propensity, but not necessarily in the same business line. In contrast, native self-employed fathers transfer human capital to their sons making them more prone to become self-employed in the same business line as the father is in.
The second essay, Female immigrant labour supply: The effect of an in-work benefit, focuses on immigrant labour supply, and evaluates the effect of a recently introduced in-work benefit, the so called job deduction, on the labour supply of single immigrant women. In this study, we address the following questions: What is the effect of the in-work benefit on the labour supply of single immigrant women? Does the effect of the in-work benefit on working hours differ between immigrant groups? The results show that, on average, there is no major effect of the in-work benefit on the labour supply of single immigrant women. However, households with the lowest incomes increase their working hours quite strongly. Furthermore, on average, there appears to be no difference in the effect of the in-work benefit between immigrant groups. In the low-income households, though, immigrants from non-European countries and from Southern and Eastern European countries, increase their labour supply relatively more than immigrants from Nordic countries and Western Europe. Finally, the relatively large increase in working hours for single immigrant women with the lowest incomes appears, above all, to be a result of increased participation in the labour market. However, part of the effect is related to an increase in the number of working hours of already employed women.
Bengtsson, Henrik. "Ålder och ekonomisk omvandling Sveriges tillväxthistoria i ett demografiskt perspektiv, 1890-1995 /". Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell International (distr.), 2003. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55153978.html.
Texto completoGarcia, Kelly A. "Planning for the labor shortage a study of Rock County employers /". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005garciak.pdf.
Texto completoGeorges-Kot, Simon. "Essays on nonstandard determinants of labor supply". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0100.
Texto completoThis thesis presents four independent works examining nonstandard determinants of labor supply. The first two chapters build on the unique features of public holidays and school holidays in France to study workers’ demand for joint leisure time. The first chapter focuses on couples and reveals that when some workers are exogenously constrained to take additional paid leave at certain points in time, their spouse also tends to take more time off at these moments, even when this is costly. The second chapter moves beyond the household to show that similar exogenous increases in the amount of leisure time enjoyed by workers living with children at specific moments induce very significant synchronous increases in the demand for leisure of workers living in other households. The last two chapters study the relationship between private wealth and labor supply. In the third chapter, we examine the effect of inheritance on the retirement behavior of older workers. We find that inheritance receipt has very significant effects on instantaneous retirement probabilities, and we provide empirical evidence that risk aversion and liquidity constraints are important channels for this effect. In the last chapter, we study the evolution over time of the effect of inheritance receipt and real-estate price variations on entry into self-employment. We find that the effect of both of these sources of variation of wealth on men’s entry into self-employment has decreased over time, suggesting a relaxation of financial constraints on entry into self-employment in recent years
Ip, Chi-tim y 葉志添. "The feasibility of a regional employment strategy (RES) for the PRD-HKregion and its implications to the urban planning of HK". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261073.
Texto completoMeschi, Maria Meloria. "Female labour supply and wage discrimination in the Italian labour market". Thesis, University of Warwick, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388640.
Texto completoBoyd, Chris. "Employment decisions: The case of Peruvian rural youth". Economía, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117500.
Texto completoEste documento identifica los determinantes de la inserción laboral para los jóvenes rurales de 15 a 29 años a partir de la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud (Enajuv, 2011), la primera encuesta representativa de los jóvenes rurales peruanos. Esta encuesta evidencia que el desempleo rural es la mitad del desempleo urbano y las tasas de actividad son mayores para los jóvenes rurales, pero el patrón es diferente para las mujeres jóvenes rurales, de las cuales solo el 62,1% ofrece mano de obra al mercado. Los resultados, a partir de un modelo logit, muestran que la decisión de insertarse en el mercado laboral se encuentra muy ligada a la decisión de estudiar y a la realización de trabajo familiar no remunerado (TFNR). Sin embargo, los altos porcentajes de jóvenes que realizan TFNR (39% para los varones, 42% para las mujeres) parecen mostrar que la decisión de inserción laboral es tomada a nivel del hogar y no individualmente.
Pocher, Eva. "Does immigration lead to a reduction of native wages and employment? : a review of the regional labour market outcomes of migration in Germany and the UK". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=167827.
Texto completoClavijo, Ospina Andrés Mauricio. "Labor supply, employment and growth : a empirical study with data panel in 74 countries between 1990-2014". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178156.
Texto completoAt present there is a necessity to rethink development policies because the miracle registered by the baby boomers in the last century begins to disappear. For this reason, the objective of this work is to measure economic and demographic impact of elderly boomers on economic growth by adding two variables in the general Solow-Swan equation. Also, measuring the impact of women participation in the workforce as one of the possible ways to mitigate this decline (disaggregate by sex and age). The main results were: a 34% reduction in growth explained by the purely demographic factor (labor force) in relation to the observed in the years 80-90. To group of women over 25+ who have a negative coefficient -0.24 (growth rate of employment) on economic growth (GDP per-capita), this is due to the fact that although women have a higher labor force growth than men, the number of women employments do not increase in the same proportion, this is largely due to institutional weakness and lack of economic openness in most countries.
Dwairi, Musa A. (Musa Ayesh). "Comparative Labor Policy in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 1961-1987". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1991. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331683/.
Texto completoWallace, Leslie Renee. "The emergent contingent workforce". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3291253.
Texto completoTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed Feb. 14, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Charni, Kadija. "The labour market for older workers : earnings trajectories, labour supply and employment". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM2013/document.
Texto completoWith the global ageing of population and the consequences on public finances sustainability, the labour market of older workers remains a key concern for societies.The aim of this dissertation is to address particular issues on the labour market for older workers.This thesis consists of four chapters.The first two chapters examine the age-earnings trajectories late in working life.We do not find support of a decline of earnings at older ages as the consequence of ageing.The decline of the age-earnings profile observed for older workers at cross-sectional analysis is attributable to cohort effects, job-changing, and partial retirement.Chapter 3 evaluates the effects of French pension reforms on older workers’ transition out of unemployment and into employment. We find that the retirement reforms have limited effects on re-employment, and they increase transitions into inactivity, leading to a decrease of unemployment rate of older workers.Finally,Chapter 4 investigates the factors behind difficulties to remain in employment as workers age. It also evaluates job opportunities of older unemployed workers.The results indicate that the probability of leaving employment increases with economic incentives, ill health and age, while the probability of getting back to employment decreases with age.An Oaxaca decomposition supports the key role of age in the unemployment duration gap between ‘older’ and ‘younger’ workers, which is consistent with age discrimination
Mkosana, Nkululeko Cautious. "Education: the transitional challenges of graduation to employment". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12198.
Texto completoIsma, Frednel. "Trends, Composition, and Demographic Structure of Haitian Employment: Census and Policy Analysis from 1971 to 2003". Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1244131638.
Texto completoSavitsky, Jerome. "A theoretical analysis of the labor market wage and employment effects of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54411.
Texto completoPh. D.
D'Alessandro, Beth. "Third-Party Logistics' Hiring Manager Strategies to Recruit Supply-Chain Professionals". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5456.
Texto completoPinczower, Zoe A. "Roles, Race, and Receipts: The Implications of Foreign Racial Preferences For the Supply of U.S. Films". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1518.
Texto completoMa, Ying-lok Enoch y 馬英樂. "Evaluation and comparison of self-containment in the employment of Tuen Mun and Shatin new town". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259194.
Texto completoSiaroff, Alan. "Employment patterns and policies : a comparative analysis of OECD nations, 1973-1983". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65919.
Texto completoBaird, Jim. "Black Employment Opportunities: The Role of Immigrant Job Concentrations". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_theses/6.
Texto completoKastrat, Merima y Dilan Tas. "Does immigration affect native's labor market outcomes in Germany?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88104.
Texto completoDue-Detroyer, Patricia A. "Wisconsin industrial employers' perceptions of the need for graduates of specific industrial technology programs in the Wisconsin Technical College Districts". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005due-detroyerp.pdf.
Texto completoLai, Pei-Chun. "Workplace flexibility and labour supply chains in hospitality : the role of employment agencies". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21558.
Texto completoJuguet, Rozenn y Anna Clappier-Kervoël. "Childcare and maternal employment in Europe : How childcare cost differences among European countries influence the labour force participation of mothers?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53546.
Texto completoLee, Deborah Ellen. "Feminisation a period of labour market changes in South Africa". Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/363.
Texto completoAkinkuoye, Nicholas Olusegun. "The relationship between selected student characteristics, participation in vocational education and the labor market achievement of high school graduates". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49973.
Texto completoEd. D.
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Rojas, Carlos. "The Impact of Migration on Natives’ Unemployment Rates : A study on the municipal level in Sweden". Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32839.
Texto completoChambers, Tracy Laura. "The value of a Rhodes University degree and securing employment". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003890.
Texto completoDE, JONG OLGA ACOSTA. "PERCEPTION OF THE FEMALE ROLE IN SAUDI ARABIAN SOCIETY". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/183976.
Texto completoEnfield, Marissa Leigh. "Supply vs. Demand: Re-Entering America's Prison Population into the Workforce". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/102.
Texto completoAndersson, Josefine. "Insurances against job loss and disability : Private and public interventions and their effects on job search and labor supply". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-327916.
Texto completoMahali, Lesala. "An exploratory study of female labour force participation in South Africa: 1995 - 2010". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007050.
Texto completoShivangulula, Shirley Euginia Ndahafa Uvatera. "Employment demand, employability and the supply-side machinery : the case of the children of the liberation struggle of Namibia". University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4630.
Texto completoOver the past four years, growing volumes of media literature centre staged the Namibian economy with the dilemma of the ‘Children of the Liberation Struggle of Namibia’ (CoLSoN) in their resilient protest for employment. Yet, amid such chronicled portrayal and persistent social, economic and political discourse, the underpinnings of the plight of the CoLSoN for labour market participation received vigorous scholarly inattention and remained scientifically unexplored. This study, therefore, contributes to the body of knowledge on the employability, employment prospects and vulnerability to unemployment, and public policy interventions depicting the unemployed CoLSoN in Namibia. The Researcher situated the study in a post-positivist paradigm. Positioned in the Human Capital Theory, the study utilised the employability theory to examine the employability of the unemployed CoLSoN. The study employed the conceptual framework of employment prospects and vulnerability to unemployment to investigate the domains responsible for the low employment prospects and vulnerability to unemployment of the unemployed CoLSoN. Drawing on the theory of search and match, the study examined the typology of the supply-side effort of Government to establish the controlling of the ensuing disequilibrium of the demand-supply side efforts. The study employed a concurrent mixed method design comprising quantitative and qualitative schemes of inquiry, and drew a sample size of 605 unemployed CoLSoN through the simple random probability sampling procedure to respond to a 76-item survey instrument. Additionally, the study drew a purposive sub sample of 50 CoLSoN and two organisations to amplify the experiences of the unemployed CoLSoN and inform of the policy options directed to their plight through semi-structured interviews. The study analysed the quantitative data utilising the ANOVA, Multiple regression techniques, Spearman correlation and t-test of the SPSS software. Qualitative data analysis occurred through the application of thematic categorisation. The study found that fierce labour market demands and administrative malice delay the transition into the labour market of the unemployed CoLSoN. The interviews revealed intergenerational poverty transmission a distant, but potent dynamic of degenerating individual qualities among the unemployed CoLSoN for employability. The ANOVA sustained the postulation that low employability traits are not equally prevalent in all the age groups of the unemployed CoLSoN. Estimates indicate that a mere investment in the education of the unemployed CoLSoN would improve their generic employability by about 11%. The study recommends the exercise of employability as an Active Labour Market Policy to balance the demand-supply-side inconsistencies of the labour market that exclude the disadvantaged from participating therein. The study further recommends the reinforcement of institutional audit procedures to control the inaptness of intentional administrative barriers to the labour market participation of the CoLSoN. The study also recommends the granting of fiscal incentives to the private sector for a speedy absorption of the CoLSoN into the labour market. That way, the low employment prospects among the unemployed CoLSoN would contract. Their employability for labour market participation would augment, invigorating them to take charge of their lives and curb poverty transmission to the next generations.
Davis, Tina. "Exploitation And Forced Labour Practices Of Working Holiday-Makers In The Australian Fresh Food Supply Chain: A Structural Approach". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17850.
Texto completoGervytė, Agnė. "Lietuvos darbo rinka. Mikroekonominė analizė". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090204_112902-33846.
Texto completoLabour market, as a component of market economy, without its main function- distribution of labour force among economic activities, professions, territories, enterprises- also performs two more socioeconomic functions: it distributes the income of people in a form of labour pay and in this way it promotes employment and formally makes equal possibilities for everyone to use the right to labour and professional perfection. Concepts of labour market and its main elements, labour market theories, factors affecting labour market and principles of implementation of flexible and secure employment in modern society will be examined in theoretical part of the thesis. Major changes in Lithuanian labour market in the period of 2001- 2007 are analysed in research, highlighting main indicators defining flexibility of labour market, and comparing them with European Union countries. It is also assessed, which economic, social and demographic changes affect Lithuanian labour market most. After the forecast of these indicators, possible optimistic, realistic and pessimistic development of market process in Lithuania is discussed.
Papandreou, Andreas-Nikolaos. "The Demography of Employment in a Swedish County Council: Estimation and Mapping of Manpower Statistics in Östergötland". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6977.
Texto completoThe changing requirements in the modern labour market have led to a new form of economic geography of employment, where skills, wages and the uncertainty of employment play a primary role in the spatial division of labour.
The main purpose of this project is to investigate the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) as a tool to illustrate employment and unemployment in Östergötland County for giving information on the development of the labour market. In addition, the use of GIS for population data analysis with the help of Oracle’s map viewer is closely examined. This descriptive thesis reveals that the labour market is characterized by the geographic extension of the market and its determination by how far the supply and demand forces go and the important role that GIS plays in illustrating the distribution of workforce in Östergötland’s labour market.
GIS is an analytical tool for employer/employee demographics that can be used for visualization but also for analysis and pre-processing purposes with the use of graphic tools. With the use of thematic maps, GIS can visualise spatial data with labour data according to certain demographic criteria.
GIS technology has ways of mapping thematically the local labour market demand and supply. In addition, it is capable of constructing a comprehensive workforce development system that can integrate the job seekers and employers. GIS can facilitate the development of visual web-based mapping systems that allow users to investigate and find employees within various industries.
Ejohwomu, Obuks Augustine. "Modelling the supply and demand for construction and building services skills in the Black Country". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/15395.
Texto completoSteiber, Nadia y Barbara Haas. "Too much or too little work? Couples' actual and preferred employment patterns and work hours mismatches in Europe". Staatsinstitut für Familienforschung an der Universität Bamberg (ifb), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zff.v30i3.03.
Texto completoRosengren, Oliver. "Work or Shirk : Finding the optimal enforced effort in activation and evaluating the job stimulus for social benefit recipients, by introducing effective leisure in a labor supply model". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104664.
Texto completoAllt fler arbetslösa försörjer sig på ekonomiskt bistånd istället för de statliga arbetslöshetsersättningarna. Ekonomiskt bistånd eller försörjningsstöd är inte utformat med drivkrafter för arbete i beaktande. Exempelvis får den som tar emot bidraget inget utbyte av att börja arbeta förrän arbetsinkomsten överstiger försörjningsstödsnormen. För ett hushåll med två vuxna och fyra barn innebär det ca 30 000 SEK efter skatt. Finns det dessutom inga aktivitetskrav förlorar hushållet samtidigt fritid av att börja arbeta. Jobbstimulansen infördes för att få drivkrafter för arbete i försörjningsstödet. Det innebär att den som haft ekonomiskt bistånd i sex månader och börjar arbeta får behålla 25 procent av nettoinkomsten, istället för att bidraget minskar krona för krona när löneinkomsten ökar. Under antagandet om heltidsaktivering för försörjningsstödsmottagare är den tillgängliga fritiden lika för den som arbetar och för den som är arbetslös, därmed är den rörliga kostnaden av att arbeta lika. Eftersom försörjningsstödet kompenserar för eventuella kostnader som uppstår för den som börjar jobba, såsom förskoleavgift eller pendlingskostnader, påverkas inte disponibelinkomsten av fasta kostnader för att arbeta heller. Försörjningsstödsmottagare med jobbstimulans och heltidsaktivering kan således tjäna mer pengar och därmed öka sin nytta, utan att öka sin onytta (eftersom fritiden är oförändrad), genom att börja arbeta. Utifrån arbetsutbudsteori skulle förväntan vara att alla skulle börja arbeta under sådana förutsättningar. Trots det visar en uppföljning att bara 1,8 procent arbetar. Det kan finnas olika förklaringar till att så få börjar arbeta; bristande information om jobbstimulansen, sök- och matchningsproblem och så vidare. I den här uppsatsen prövas skillnader i ansträngning genom att anpassa en modell för arbetsutbud till det svenska socialbidragssystemet, och ge bidragstagare möjlighet att lata sig eller skolka i aktiveringen – inspirerat av den etablerade shirking theory – för att utöka sin effektiva fritid. Studier visar att människor upplever skolk eller lathet som substitut till ledighet. Även om den faktiska fritiden är densamma för den som arbetar och den som är arbetslös men deltar i aktivering, kan skillnader i ansträngning därmed innebära att den effektiva fritiden skiljer sig. När den som kan få jobbstimulans ska börja arbeta innebär det då en minskad effektiv fritid, och därmed en onytta eller upplevd kostnad av arbete. Försörjningsstödsmottagaren väljer sin ansträngning, som ger upphov till olika mycket onytta beroende på individens färdigheter där den med mer färdigheter har en lägre onytta av arbete eller ansträngning. Om personen arbetar eller inte beror på om den ökade nyttan av att börja arbeta med jobbstimulans överträffar onyttan av den minskade effektiva fritiden av att börja arbeta, givet individens färdigheter. I uppsatsen undersöks effekten av förändringar i olika variabler – ansträngning, färdighet och jobbstimulans – och jag finner att jobbstimulansen bara påverkar nyttan på marginalen, i jämförelse med stora effekter av ökad ansträngning eller ökade färdigheter. Vidare simuleras vilken ansträngningsnivå som korresponderar med att 1,8 procent arbetar och därmed har större nytta av jobbstimulansen än av den extra effektiva fritiden. Det visar sig att ansträngningen i aktiveringen verkar vara 71,5 procent jämfört ansträngningen på ett jobb. Om jobbstimulansen fördubblas, till en offentligfinansiell kostnad av 100 miljoner SEK, ökar andelen som börjar jobba bara med drygt en procentenhet vid bibehållen ansträngningsnivå. I uppsatsen beräknar jag även optimal ansträngningsnivå för att alla vid en viss färdighetsnivå ska börja arbeta. Det visar sig att om ansträngningsnivån höjs med knappt 20 procentenheter till 90 procent, skulle andelen som börjar arbeta stiga från 1,8 procent till 51 procent. Utöver dessa nya tillskott – förklaringsmodeller och resultat – till fältet, innehåller uppsatsen dessutom förslag på empiriska tester av andra förklaringar. För att genomföra simuleringar och kalkyleringar, har en modell över det svenska bidrags- och skattesystemet byggts i Matlab. Även den är att betrakta som ett tillskott.
Takei, Keiko. "The production of skills for the agricultural sector in Tanzania : the alignment of technical, vocational education and training with the demand for workforce skills and knowledge for rice production". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/60644/.
Texto completoPark, Kwangwoo. "Migration and integration in borderless village : social capital among Indonesian migrant workers in South Korea". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/50485/.
Texto completoPoggi, Cecilia. "Internal migration and labour markets in Thailand : insights from policy evaluations". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2018. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/75441/.
Texto completoNtikinca, Kanyiso Lungani. "The transition of Rhodes University graduates into the South African labour market : a case study of the 2010 cohort". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018198.
Texto completoLee, Yun Jeong. "Let them brew! : reflexivity, and division of labour in deliberation for science and technology governance". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/50054/.
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