Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "L 1529"

Reid, L. M., Voloaca, C., Wu, J., Woldemariam, T., Jindal, K. and Zhu, X. 2014. CO454 corn inbred line. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1529–1533. CO454 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability as well as moderate resistance to common smut and rust. Excellent hybrid yields and performance data were achieved when CO454 was combined with stiff stalk inbreds such as TR3030 and MBS1130 as well as with the Iodent inbred MBS8148.

Pharmacological and surgical interventions that increase glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) action are effective to improve glucose homeostasis in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In light of this, nutritional strategies to enhance postprandial GLP-1 secretion, particularly in the context of diet-induced obesity, may provide an alternative therapeutic approach. Importantly, recent evidence suggests the amino acid l-arginine, a well-known insulin secretagogue, can also stimulate release of GLP-1 from isolated rat intestine. Here we tested the hypothesis that oral l-arginine acts as a GLP-1 secretagogue in vivo, to augment postprandial insulin secretion and improve glucose tolerance. To test this, we administered l-arginine or vehicle by oral gavage, immediately prior to an oral glucose tolerance test in lean and diet-induced obese mice. In both lean and obese mice oral l-arginine increased plasma GLP-1 and insulin and substantially improved glucose clearance. To directly assess the contribution of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)-signaling to these improvements, l-arginine was given to Glp1r knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. In this experiment oral l-arginine significantly augmented insulin secretion and improved glucose clearance in WT mice, but not in Glp1r knockout littermates. Taken together these findings identify l-arginine as a GLP-1 secretagogue in vivo and demonstrate that improvement of glucose tolerance by oral l-arginine depends on GLP-1R-signaling. These findings raise the intriguing possibility that l-arginine-based nutritional and/or pharmaceutical therapies may benefit glucose tolerance by improving the postprandial GLP-1 response in obese individuals.

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US with 53,200 deaths projected in 2020. Although the disease affects older people, recent statistics show an increase in the younger population. CRC is a major problem in veterans and every year ~4,000 veterans are diagnosed with CRC within VA facilities. Hence, there is a dire need to identify novel signaling pathways as targets for therapy. Based on a bedside discovery in CRC patients, we observed that CRC patients complained about dysgeusia or taste alterations. There are 25 bitter taste receptors (TAS2R1-50, TAS2R60). Taste receptors utilize G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and signal through calcium release. In preliminary studies, mining the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we have determined that TAS2R38 is upregulated in multiple cancers, including CRC. Moreover, the higher expression of TAS2R38 transcript in CRC compared to other cancers. Furthermore, we confirmed overexpression of TAS2R38 in CRC tissues and cell lines by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Moreover, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (OdDHL), a TAS2R38 agonist, treatment activated calcium mobilization in HCT116 and DLD1 cells suggesting the functionality of the receptor. OdDHL also enhanced mRNA of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 levels in the CRC cells. To determine whether expression of the receptor is affected in vivo, we conducted the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute colitis and colitis-associated cancer model (azoxymethane (AOM)-DSS) in C57BL/6 mice. TAS2R138, the mouse homolog of human TAS2R38 is overexpressed in crypt epithelial cells in the colitis and tumor tissues. These observations suggest that TAS2R38 is overexpressed in the CRC and may play a critical role in disease progression. Citation Format: Krishan Jain, Sangita Bhattacharyya, Afreen Sayed, David Standing, Kathy Benich, Shahid Umar, Shrikant Anant, Scott Weir, Roy Jansen, Prasad Ravindra Dandawate. Role of bitter taste receptor in colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1529.

In this work, the antioxidants of the two varieties of bananas viz. dominico (Musa sapientum L.) and maqueño (Musa balbisiana L.) were evaluated. Three factors were considered before the determination of antioxidant activity i.e. variety of banana, type of antioxidant and amount of antioxidant. The same conditions were also considered for citric acid and ascorbic acid in the amounts of 13, 15 and 17 mg/Kg; evaluated in the 36 experimental units. According to the obtained results, the best type of antioxidant is citric acid, which indicated that the T5 treatment is the one that presents the best results in the processed products. In addition, in this treatment a lower amount of antioxidant is used at a rate of 15 mg/Kg. It was established that they were complied with the minimum parameters established in the Codex Standard for Bananas (Plantain) Codex Stan 205-1997. The studied bananas were also complied with the microbiological parameters as established in the Ecuadorian technical standard NT INEN 1529-10. The definitive can be established that this product is fit for human consumption.

Given a holomorphic line bundle L on a compact complex torus A, there are two naturally associated holomorphic ΩA-torsors over A: one is constructed from the Atiyah exact sequence for L, and the other is constructed using the line bundle [Formula: see text], where α is the addition map on A × A, and p1 is the projection of A × A to the first factor. In [I. Biswas, J. Hurtvbise and A. K. Raina, Rank one connections on abelian varieties, Internat. J. Math.22 (2011) 1529–1543], it was shown that these two torsors are isomorphic. The aim here is to produce a canonical isomorphism between them through an explicit construction.

Charophytes in the genus Lamprothamnium exhibit a large amount of diversity, particularly in the examples from Australia, although little of that variation has been recognised at species level in the past. The Australian members of the genus are revised here on the basis of extensive new collections, examination of specimens in herbaria and comprehensive review of the literature and available type material. The existing species Lamprothamnium macropogon (A.Braun) Ophel, L. inflatum (Fil. & G.O.Allen ex Fil.) A.García & Karol and L. heraldii A.García & Casanova are retained, eight new species are described (L. australicum Casanova, L. beilbyae Casanova, L. capitatum Casanova, L. compactum Casanova, L. coorongense Casanova, L. diminutum Casanova, L. macroanthum Casanova and L. stipitatum Casanova) and two taxa variously treated at infraspecific rank in Lychnothamnus are transferred to Lamprothamnium at species rank (L. cockajemmyense Casanova, L. tasmanicum (A.Braun) Casanova). Neither L. papulosum (Wallr.) J.Groves nor L. succinctum (A.Braun) R.D.Wood are confirmed for Australia after examination of the type material of these species. Species are distinguished by the arrangement of the gametangia, morphology of the fertile whorls and characteristics of the oospores. Four of these species are dioecious and nine are monoecious, which supports published conjectures concerning the biogeography of charophyte species (Proctor (1980): J. Phycol. 16, 218–233, doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1980.tb03023.x).

Charophytes in the genus Lamprothamnium exhibit a large amount of diversity, particularly in the examples from Australia, although little of that variation has been recognised at species level in the past. The Australian members of the genus are revised here on the basis of extensive new collections, examination of specimens in herbaria and comprehensive review of the literature and available type material. The existing species Lamprothamnium macropogon (A.Braun) Ophel, L. inflatum (Fil. & G.O.Allen ex Fil.) A.García & Karol and L. heraldii A.García & Casanova are retained, eight new species are described (L. australicum Casanova, L. beilbyae Casanova, L. capitatum Casanova, L. compactum Casanova, L. coorongense Casanova, L. diminutum Casanova, L. macroanthum Casanova and L. stipitatum Casanova) and two taxa variously treated at infraspecific rank in Lychnothamnus are transferred to Lamprothamnium at species rank (L. cockajemmyense Casanova, L. tasmanicum (A.Braun) Casanova). Neither L. papulosum (Wallr.) J.Groves nor L. succinctum (A.Braun) R.D.Wood are confirmed for Australia after examination of the type material of these species. Species are distinguished by the arrangement of the gametangia, morphology of the fertile whorls and characteristics of the oospores. Four of these species are dioecious and nine are monoecious, which supports published conjectures concerning the biogeography of charophyte species (Proctor (1980): J. Phycol. 16, 218–233, doi:10.1111/j.1529-8817.1980.tb03023.x).

Background Mean kurtosis (MK), one of the parameters derived from diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), has shown increased sensitivity to tissue microstructure damage in several neurological disorders. Methods Thirty-seven patients with relapsing-remitting MS and eleven healthy controls (HC) received brain imaging on a 3T MR scanner, including a fast DKI sequence. MK and mean diffusivity (MD) were measured in the white matter of HC, normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of MS patients, contrast-enhancing lesions (CE-L), FLAIR lesions (FLAIR-L) and black holes (BH). Results Overall 1529 lesions were analyzed, including 30 CE-L, 832 FLAIR-L and 667 BH. Highest MK values were obtained in the white matter of HC (0.814 ± 0.129), followed by NAWM (0.724 ± 0.137), CE-L (0.619 ± 0.096), FLAIR-L (0.565 ± 0.123) and BH (0.549 ± 0.12). Lowest MD values were obtained in the white matter of HC (0.747 ± 0.068 10−3mm2/sec), followed by NAWM (0.808 ± 0.163 10−3mm2/sec), CE-L (0.853 ± 0.211 10−3mm2/sec), BH (0.957 ± 0.304 10−3mm2/sec) and FLAIR-L (0.976 ± 0.35 10−3mm2/sec). While MK differed significantly between CE-L and non-enhancing lesions, MD did not. Conclusion MK adds predictive value to differentiate between MS lesions and might provide further information about diffuse white matter injury and lesion microstructure.

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang upaya meningkatkan kualitas air sumur bor. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan limbah cangkang kerang darah (Anadara granosa) sebagai bahan adsorben. Cangkang kerang darah dihaluskan dengan ukuran 150 mesh, kemudian diaktivasi fisika, kimia, dan fisika-kimia. Variasi massa yang digunakan yaitu 2 gram, 4 gram, 6 gram, 8 gram, dan 10 gram teraktivasi fisika, 10 gram teraktivasi kimia, dan 10 gram teraktivasi fisika-kimia. Hasil pengujian air sumur bor sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penambahan serbuk cangkang kerang darah yang teraktivasi mengalami perubahan. Pada adsorben teraktivasi fisika dengan massa 10 gram diperoleh nilai pH 6,84, TDS sebesar 1529 mg/L, warna pada skala 684 Pt.Co, kekeruhan 144 NTU, dan kandungan Fe sebesar 0,82 mg/L. Dari hasil pengujian air sumur bor setelah dilakukan penambahan adsorben cangkang kerang darah teraktivasi kimia, diperoleh nilai pH 7,11, TDS sebesar 1776 mg/L, warna pada skala 406 Pt.Co, kekeruhan 107 NTU, dan kandungan Fe sebesar 1,49 mg/L. Sedangkan hasil pengujian air sumur bor pada adsorben teraktivasi fisika-kimia yaitu pH 11,83, TDS sebesar 1546 mg/L, warna pada skala 218 Pt.Co, kekeruhan 51,3 NTU, dan kandungan Fe sebesar 0,12 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan ada beberapa parameter yang tidak memenuhi standar baku yang telah ditetapkan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 tahun 2017, sehingga cangkang kerang tidak efektif digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air sumur bor.

A natural topology on the set of left orderings on free abelian groups and free groups [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] has studied in [A. S. Sikora, Topology on the spaces of orderings of groups, Bull. London Math. Soc. 36(4) (2004) 519–526; L. Smith, On ordering free groups, J. Symbolic Comput. 40 (2005) 1285–1290, Corrigendum (with A. Clay) 44 (2009) 1529–1532]. It has been proven already that in the abelian case the resulted topological space is a Cantor set. There was a conjecture: this is also true for the free group [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] generators. We point out the paper dealing with equivalent questions.

Uno dei testi piu importanti che parlano della risurrezione di Gesu Cristo e delle sue apparizioni ai discepoli e sicuramente questo di l Cor 15,3b-8. Si parla addirittura del piu antica professione di fede. Lo scopo di questo lavoro era di presentare in che modo Gesu e apparso ai suoi discepoli, in modo particolare a Paolo. Si pone la domanda: che cosa Paolo ha visto sulla strada di Damasco? In che modo apparve davanti a lui? La seconda parte del lavoro riguardava il recente studio di un teologo tedesco Gerd Lüdemann, che qualche anno fa ha scritto il libro intitolato La risurrezione di Gesu. Storia, esperienza, teologia. L’autore nel suo lavoro propone di staccare le apparizioni di Gesu dalla fede nella risurrezione dicendo, che queste sono il risultato delle «fantasie», «visioni irreali», delie «coliettive estasi» oppure anche delie «coliettive aliucinazioni». Secondo l’autore tutte queste «visioni» non possono essere trattate come i fondamenti delia fede pasquale. In terza parte si voleva rispondere a queste tesi del teologo. La fede si fonda sui fatto storico delia risurrezione di Cristo. I discepoli, ai quali Gesuha dato la possibilita di vederlo, dopo la loro esperienza hanno lavorato per disperdere la fede nella risurrezione di Cristo. Anzi, hanno dato per questo la loro propria vita.

Background: While troponin is an established biomarker of cardiac injury, its prognostic significance in post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock patients supported by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (PCCS–VA-ECMO) remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to assess the correlation between early post-operative troponin T levels and both short-term and long-term mortality outcomes in this cohort. Methods: We evaluated 1457 troponin T measurements from 102 PCCS–VA-ECMO patients treated from 2013 to 2018 at a specialized cardio-surgical and transplantation center. Emphasis was placed on troponin concentrations at 24–48 h post-surgery, post-VA-ECMO implantation, and peak troponin levels in relation to VA-ECMO weaning, as well as 90-day and one-year mortality. Results: No significant association was observed between troponin T levels post-VA-ECMO implantation and 90-day mortality (median: 1338 ng/L for overall, 1529 ng/L for survivors vs. 1294 ng/L for non-survivors; p = 0.146) or between peak troponin levels and 90-day mortality (median: 3583 ng/L for overall, 3337 ng/L for survivors vs. 3666 ng/L for non-survivors; p = 0.709). Comprehensive multivariate models showed no correlation between troponin levels and various mortality endpoints. Notably, age, procedure urgency, type, LVEF pre-surgery, Euroscore II, prior cardiac arrest, and VA-ECMO duration were not linked with troponin release. Hemodiafiltration emerged as the strongest mortality risk factor [HR 2.4]. Conclusions: Isolated early Troponin T release and peak troponin T were not associated, while organ complications were linked with VA-ECMO weaning or short- and long-term prognosis. The results underscore the multi-organ implications of PCCS in determining survival.

BackgroundFamilial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is the most common form of autoinflammatory diseases that is characterized by febrile episodes of serositis, arthritis and skin rash (1). Mutations in MEFV gene causes dysfunction of pyrin inflammasome, ultimately resulting in over-activation of Caspase-1 which is responsible for catalytic activation of interleukin (IL)-1 beta and gasdermin-D (2). IL-37 is also one of the IL-1 cytokines activated by caspase-1 acting as natural inhibitor of inflammation (3).ObjectivesIL-37 has pathogenetic roles for certain inflammatory diseases. We aimed to investigate serum IL-37 levels and its relationship with clinical and laboratory features of disease.Methods58 adult patients diagnosed with FMF according to Tel Hashomer criteria were included. Thirty subjects were served as healthy control subjects. Demographic, genetic, clinical and laboratory features and treatment responses of patients were recorded. Twenty-nine patients were colchicine responsive whereas 29 were colchicine refractory. Serum IL-37 levels were measured by ELISA from blood samples obtained at attack free periods.ResultsPeritonitis was the most common attack type (81%) followed by fever (80%) and arthritis (67%). There was no difference between FMF patients and healthy subjects for their serum IL-37 levels. A negative correlation was found between IL-37 values ​​and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in FMF patients (r: -0,31; p:0.015). IL -37 level was found to be significantly lower in patients who suffer from arthritis (median [IQR] 119 [396] ng/L vs 53 [164] ng/L, p= 0.03), myalgia (147 [364] ng/L vs 53 [84] ng/L, p= 0.05) or skin rash (102 [360] ng/L vs 54 [130] ng/L, p= 0.05) compared to those who did not have these attacks.ConclusionAlthough there was no difference in serum IL-37 levels between FMF patients and healthy subjects, IL-37 seem to be associated with musculoskeletal and skin attacks of FMF. Further research is needed to determine whether IL-37 have relationships with other features of FMF such as spondyloarthritis and febril myalgia.References[1]El-Shanti H, Majeed HA, El-Khateeb M. Familial mediterranean fever in Arabs.Lancet. 2006;367(9515):1016–24.[2]Kanneganti A, Malireddi RKS, Saavedra PHV, Vande Walle L, Van Gorp H, Kambara H, Tillman H, Vogel P, Luo HR, Xavier RJ, Chi H, Lamkanfi M. GSDMD is critical for autoinflammatory pathology in a mouse model of Familial Mediterranean Fever. J Exp Med. 2018 Jun 4;215(6):1519-1529. doi: 10.1084/jem.20172060[3]Nieman DC, Ferrara F, Pecorelli A, Woodby B, Hoyle AT, Simonson A, Valacchi G. Postexercise Inflammasome Activation and IL-1β Production Mitigated by Flavonoid Supplementation in Cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2020 Sep 15:1-9. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0084.AcknowledgementsNo financial support is obtained from any companyDisclosure of InterestsNone declared

RESUMENDesde el siglo xix y la irrupción del liberalismo, el interés por la revuelta ocurrida en Castilla entre 1520-1521 ha despertado una honda fascinación. Entretejiendo mito e historia, resulta difícil discernir “las voces de los ecos”, el punto de separación entre la auténtica realidad de los acontecimientos y la cascada de interpretaciones en forma de propaganda, literatura, utilización política, simbología… Hacer un estudio exhaustivo respecto a la historiografía y la bibliografía publicada alrededor de esta temática es misión imposible si se quiere abordar por entero y en toda su complejidad, dada la cantidad de aristas que perfilan el fenómeno histórico. La pretensión con este “balance historiográfico” es modesta. Intenta acercarse a lo acaecido al hilo de la conmemoración del V Centenario de la batalla de Villalar, poniendo de relieve algunas consideraciones y deteniéndose en las últimas aportaciones y líneas de investigación más novedosas o sometidas a debate. Palabras clave: Comunidades de Castilla, revuelta, historiografía, Carlos ITopónimos: CastillaPeriodo: 1520-1522 ABSTRACT Since the 19th century and the irruption of liberalism, the interest in the revolt that occurred in Castile between 1520-1521 has awakened a deep fascination. Intertwining myth and history, it is difficult to discern “the voices of the echoes”, the rupture point between the actual reality of the events and the many interpretations in the form of propaganda, literature, political use, symbolism... To make an exhaustive study of the historiography and bibliography published on this subject is an impossible mission if one wants to approach it in its entirety and in all its complexity, given the number of aspects that outline the historical phenomenon. The aim of this “historiographic balance” is modest. It tries to approach the events of the commemoration of the V Centenary of the Battle of Villalar, highlighting some considerations and focusing on the latest contributions and the most recent lines of research, either new or subject to debate.Keywords: Communities of Castile, revolt, historiography, Charles IPlace names: CastilePeriod: 1520-1521 REFERENCIASAram, B. (2001): La reina Juana: gobierno, piedad y dinastía, Madrid, Marcial Pons.— (2013): “La Reina Juana, Fray Juan de Ávila y la Infanta Catalina ante los Comuneros”, en Szászdi León-Borja, I, y Galende Ruiz, M.ª. J. (coord.), Imperio y tiranía: la dimensión europea de las Comunidades de Castilla, Valladolid, Universidad de Valladolid, pp. 35-60.— (2020): “En manos de la reina. Juana I y el aprendizaje político-dinástico de sus hijos en Tordesillas”, en Carlos Morales, C. J., González Heras, N. 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The name of Dhu-l-Nun al-Misri is well known for the readers, who are interested in Sufi sm. Being one of the representatives of the early period of Islamic asceticism and mysticism, his aphorisms are very often cited in the late Sufi writings. Dhu-l-Nun is attributed as a founder of the Sufi doctrine of ahwal and maqamat. Here is presented the first Russian translation of the mystical commentary on Sura “al-Baqara” by Dhu-l-Nun al-Misri, which is provided also by commentaries of the later Sufi authors.

L'importanza del volgarizzamento e dell'allegorizzazione delle Metamorfosi ovidiane per opera di Giovanni di Bonsignori, meglio conosciuti con il titolo Ovidio Metamorphoseos Vulgare, che venne lora assegnato nelle edizioni a stampa, è dovuta alla larga diffusione che ebbero nel XV secolo e nei primi decenni del XVI. Terminato nel 1377, il testa ebbe una discreta divulgazione manoscritta e conobbe una prima stampa a Venezia nel 1497 “per Zoanne Rosso Vercellese ad instantia del nobile homo miser Lucantonio Zonta fiorentino” (ovvero Lucantonio Giunti), Sempre a Venezia “ad instantia del […] Lucantonio Zonta” seguirono una seconda edizione nel 1501 “per Christofolo de Pensa” e una terza nel 1508 “per Alexandro di Bandoni.” Nel 1517 e nel 1523 si ebbero ancora a Venezia altre due edizioni, ambedue “per Georgio de' Rusconi.” Nel 1519 fu pubblicato a Milano “in Minutiana officina,” per i fratelli da Legnano; nel 1520, ancora a Milano, “per Rocho et Fratello da Valle ad instantia de Miser Nicolò Da Gorgonzola.”

Abstract Although observations show that anthropogenic phosphorus (P) can reach groundwater supplies, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of P in groundwater at the global scale and P contamination from sources such as agriculture and oil and gas activities are poorly understood. We compile and analyze 161 321 groundwater P measurements in 12 different countries to determine the extent of P contamination at the global scale. We find that all 12 countries report groundwater samples with concentrations >0.1 mg P l−1, a concentration at which the risk for eutrophication of surface waters is high. In Canada and the United States (US), we perform an analysis of 1529 dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations to determine the degree of association between DO and groundwater P measurements. For P concentrations <0.1 mg P l−1, we find a strong inverse relationship between DO and P. However, for P concentrations >0.1 mg P l−1, we find a weak inverse correlation, which suggests anthropogenic sources are responsible for elevated P concentrations in groundwater. To identify anthropogenic sources of P, we conduct an analysis on land use data and the 24 146 P concentrations in Canada and the US. Although we find that 12% (2899) of all P concentrations are >0.1 mg P l−1, 33% of P concentrations from P monitoring sites located on pastureland (managed grassland) report concentrations >0.1 mg P l−1. In Alberta and Ontario, we analyze P measurements with respect to their proximity to oil and gas wells and find the relationship to be inconclusive. Overall, we find a positive correlation with agriculture and elevated groundwater P concentrations, but additional data are needed to identify a relationship between oil and gas wells and elevated groundwater P concentrations. Characterizing the role of agriculture and oil and gas wells on groundwater P contamination can help regulators develop effective strategies to protect water quality and ecosystem health.

Abstract BACKGROUND Appendicitis is the most common surgical illness in children and adolescents. However, its incidence and clinical characteristics in pediatric patients with leukemia are not known. Grading pediatric appendicitis score and performing surgery, methods commonly used in non-oncologic populations, may not be the best approaches for patients with leukemia because of the presence of neutropenia and immunosuppression. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated the incidence and clinical characteristics of appendicitis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were treated from 1990 to 2014 at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital. Appendicitis cases were carefully evaluated based on radiographic evidence of appendicitis (i.e., enlarged appendix size ≥6mm, inflammation and free fluid, free air consistent with perforation, or abscess or phlegmon in appendix) and surgical consults because of suspected appendicitis. RESULTS Of the 1971 patients (1529 with ALL and 442 AML), 19 (1.0%, 10 boys and 9 girls) were identified as having radiographic and/or pathologic appendicitis. The prevalence was similar in ALL (14 of 1529, 0.9%) and AML (5 of 442, 1.1%). The median ages at diagnosis of appendicitis were also similar in ALL and AML: 7.1 years (range, 3.2-14.3 years) and 7.8 years (range, 4.8-13.0 years), respectively. Of interest, appendicitis often developed during remission induction for both ALL (8 during induction, 4 during continuation, 1 during salvage therapy for relapse, and 1 off-therapy) and AML (2 during induction, 2 during consolidation, and 1 after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [HSCT] for relapse). Abdominal pain was present in 17 (89.5%) patients and fever in 15 (79.0%). Right lower quadrant tenderness was seen in 17 patients (89.5%), with guarding in 11 (57.9%). Median white blood cell (WBC) counts were 1.4 × 109/L (range, 0.1-8.7 × 109/L), and median absolute neutrophil (ANC) counts were 0.8 × 109/L (0-7.7 × 109/L); 9 patients (47.3%) had an ANC < 0.5 × 109/L. The median pediatric appendicitis score at presentation was 4 (range, 1-7), below the criteria to consider appendicitis (≥6) in the general population, mainly due to low WBC and ANC as well as low frequency of migration of pain. Computed tomography and/or ultrasound imaging were used in 18 cases (94.7%). Inflammation of the appendix was seen in 15 cases, which had a median appendix size of 8.5 mm (range, 4-17 mm). In addition, 12 cases had ascites, 7 had evidence of perforation (3 with free air), 6 had phlegmon formation, and 5 had an appendicolith. Eleven patients underwent surgery (5 open laparotomy and 6 laparoscopic surgery), and 8 were managed without surgery. Compared with surgical patients, non-surgical patients had lower pediatric appendicitis scores (median, 5 vs. 3, P = 0.023), ANC (2.1 vs. 0.1 × 109/L, P = 0.018), and frequency of rebound tenderness (5 vs. 0 patients, P = 0.045). Pathologic findings in surgical patients included necrosis (n = 4), perforation (n = 3), focal appendiceal hemorrhage (n = 3), polyclonal lymphoid hyperplasia (n = 1), and gangrenous lesion (n = 1). No leukemia involvement was observed. Broad coverage of antibiotics was used in most cases: vancomycin in 16 cases (84.2%), meropenem in 17 (89.4%), and tobramycin in 14 (73.7%). No patient died of appendicitis. Although the management of chemotherapy differed significantly among individual patients, interruption in chemotherapy was minimal. In the 8 patients with ALL who developed appendicitis during induction, chemotherapy was held for a median of 6.5 days (range, 0-16 days). There were 2 relapses after episodes of appendicitis: 1 isolated testicular ALL relapse (appendicitis during continuation) and 1 marrow AML second relapse (appendicitis after HSCT for the first relapse). CONCLUSION Acute appendicitis occurred in 1% of children with leukemia, and often developed during remission induction. Although pediatric appendicitis scoring was not useful for diagnosis, patients with lower scores could be successfully managed without surgery and without mortality from this complication. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

We review the experimental evaluations of several widely marketed nonprescription compounds claimed to be memory enhancers and treatments for age-related memory decline. We generally limit our review to double-blind placebo-controlled studies. The compounds examined are phos-phatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), citicoline, piracetam, vinpocetine, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), and antiox-idants (particularly vitamin E). In animals, PS has been shown to attenuate many neuronal effects of aging, and to restore normal memory on a variety of tasks. Preliminary findings with humans, though, are limited. For older adults with probable Alzheimer's disease, a single study failed to demonstrate positive effects of PS on memory performance. For older adults with moderate cognitive impairment, PS has produced consistently modest increases in recall of word lists. Positive effects have not been as consistently reported for other memory tests. There is one report of consistent benefits across a number of memory tests for a subset of normal adults who performed more poorly than their peers at baseline. The choline compounds PC and citicoline are thought to promote synthesis and transmission of neurotransmitters important to memory. PC has not proven effective for improving memory in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. The issue remains open for older adults without serious degenerative neural disease. Research on citicoline is practically nonexistent, but one study reported a robust improvement in story recall for a small sample of normally aging older adults who scored lower than their peers in baseline testing. Animal studies suggest that piracetam may improve neuronal efficiency, facilitate activity in neurotransmitter systems, and combat the age-related decrease in receptors on the neuronal membrane. However, for patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, as well as for adults with age-associated memory impairment, there is no clear-cut support for a mnemonic benefit of piracetam. Vinpocetine increases blood circulation and metabolism in the brain. Animal studies have shown that vinpocetine can reduce the loss of neurons due to decreased blood flow. In three studies of older adults with memory problems associated with poor brain circulation or dementia-related disease, vinpocetine produced significantly more improvement than a placebo in performance on global cognitive tests reflecting attention, concentration, and memory. Effects on episodic memory per se have been tested minimally, if at all. ALC participates in cellular energy production, a process especially important in neurons, and in removal of toxic accumulation of fatty acids. Animal studies show that ALC reverses the age-related decline in the number of neuron membrane receptors. Studies of patients with probable Alzheimer's disease have reported nominal advantages over a range of memory tests for ALC-treated patients relative to placebo groups. Significant differences have been reported rarely, however. Whether ALC would have mnemonic benefits for aging adults without brain disease is untested as far as we know. Antioxidants help neutralize tissue-damaging free radicals, which become more prevalent as organisms age. It is hypothesized that increasing antioxidant levels in the organism might retard or reverse the damaging effects of free radicals on neurons. Thus far, however, studies have found that vitamin E does not significantly slow down memory decline for Alzheimer's patients and does not produce significant memory benefits among early Parkinson's patients. Neither did a combination of vitamins E and C significantly improve college students' performance on several cognitive tasks. In sum, for most of the “brain-specific” nutrients we review, some mildly suggestive effects have been found in preliminary controlled studies using standard psychometric memory assessments or more general tests designed to reveal cognitive impairment. We suggest that future evaluations of the possible memory benefits of these supplements might fruitfully focus on memory processes rather than on memory tests per se.

The article deals with the problem of political influence on scholarship. It analyses the existing versions of an ethnographic essay by Oleg Vilchevsky, a prominent Soviet Orientalist. Alongside a published version the ethnographic essay “The Mukri Kurds” — an author’s typescript, “Mukri Kurdistan,” has been found in the Scientific Archive of Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The first materials for this essay were collected by Vilchevsky during his journey to Iran in 1942 as he prepared a military-political description of the Kurdish regions. Before publication, the state-controlled structures removed or made the author remove from the essay a number of important thematic blocks, e. g., on interconfessional relations in Mukri Kurdistan of Iran (focusing on Mahabad), descriptions of various meetings Vilchevsky held with Kurdish activists. The paper analyses the content of this scholarly study and the problems related to the publication of the essay in the context of Vilchevsky’s participation as a Soviet military officer in the implementation of the Soviet Middle Eastern policies in 1942–1954. The author of the essay “The Mukri Kurds” apparently strived to maintain scholarly neutrality yet the facts and argumentation contained in the different variants of this study were consistently reviewed and added or omitted depending on the existing political situation. The paper raises the question about the subjectivity or autonomy of a scholar serving a government — something effectively dismissed and neglected in the work of Edward Said on the relationship between politics and scholarship in the field of Middle Eastern studies.

Potato, Solanum tuberosum L. (2n = 4x = 48), is an autotetraploid species, the breeding of which at the tetraploid level is complicated by tetrasomic inheritance. Dihaploids (2n = 2x = 24) from the tetraploid cultivated potato have great potential for breeding and genetic studies. The common method deployed to obtain potato dihaploids is to make interspecific-interploidy (4x × 2x) crosses between a tetraploid seed parent and special clones from the diploid S. phureja as pollinator. Pollinators carrying a marker gene have been used, but unfortunately, these clones were very weak, with rare flowering and low male fertility under the given conditions. To find a suitable pollinator, three clones were selected from S. phureja based on flowering, pollen shed and male fertility and were crossed with five cultivated tetraploid potatoes to evaluate their dihaploid induction ability. A total of 1529 interploidy crosses were made, resulting in 1116 berries and 1456 seeds. The progeny were divided into two groups based on stem, flower and tuber colour: hybrids and non-hybrids (putative dihaploids). Chromosome counting in non-hybrid genotypes detected 39 dihaploids. The clone phu 3 and cv. Picasso, with 12.1 and 10.7 dihaploids per 100 berries, respectively, were the best dihaploid inducer and seed parent for dihaploid production.

Abstract. Effective parameters are of major importance in modelling surface fluxes at different scales of spatial heterogeneity. Different ways to obtain these effective parameters for their use in meso-scale and GCM models have been studied. This paper deals with patch-scale heterogeneity, where effective resistances were calculated in two patches with different vegetation (Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss shrubs, and herbaceous plants) using different methods: aggregating soil and plant resistances in parallel, in series or by an average of both. Effective aerodynamic resistance was also calculated directly from patch fluxes. To assess the validity of the different methods used, the Penman-Monteith equation was used with effective resistances to estimate the total λE for each patch. The λE estimates found for each patch were compared to Eddy Covariance system measurements. Results showed that for effective surface resistances, parallel aggregation of soil and plant resistances led to λE estimates closer to the measured λE in both patches (differences of around 10%). Results for effective aerodynamic resistances differed depending on the patch considered and the method used to calculate them. The use of effective aerodynamic resistances calculated from fluxes provided less accurate estimates of λE compared to the measured values, than the use of effective aerodynamic resistances aggregated from soil and plant resistances. The results reported in this paper show that the best way of aggregating soil and plant resistances depends on the type of resistance, and the type of vegetation in the patch.

H9N2 subtype avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a causative agent that poses serious threats to both the poultry industry and global public health. In this study, we performed active surveillance to identify H9N2 AIVs from poultry (chicken, duck, and goose) and the environment of different regions in China, and we phylogenetically characterized the sequences. AIV subtype-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that 5.43% (83/1529) samples were AIV positive, and 87.02% (67/77) of which were H9N2 AIVs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all H9N2 field viruses belonged to the Y280-like lineage, exhibiting 93.9–100% and 94.6–100% of homology in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene and 94.4–100% and 96.3–100% in the neuraminidase (NA) gene, at the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) levels, respectively. All field viruses shared relatively lower identities with vaccine strains, ranging from 89.4% to 97.7%. The aa sequence at the cleavage site (aa 333–340) in HA of all the isolated H9N2 AIVs was PSRSSRG/L, which is a characteristic of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV). Notably, all the H9N2 field viruses harbored eight glycosylation sites, whereas a glycosylation site 218 NRT was missing and a new site 313 NCS was inserted. All field viruses had NGLMR as their receptor binding sites (RBS) at aa position 224–229, showing high conservation with many recently-isolated H9N2 strains. All H9N2 field isolates at position 226 had the aa Leucine (L), indicating their ability to bind to sialic acid (SA) α, a 2–6 receptor of mammals that poses the potential risk of transmission to humans. Our results suggest that H9N2 AIVs circulating in poultry populations that have genetic variation and the potential of infecting mammalian species are of great significance when monitoring H9N2 AIVs in China.

Reverse osmosis has become the most prevalent approach to seawater desalination. It is still limited by the permeability-selectivity trade-off of the membranes and the energy consumption in the operation process. Recently, an efficient ionic sieving with high performance was realized by utilizing the bi-unipolar transport behaviour and strong ion depletion of heterogeneous structures in 2D materials. A perfect salt rejection rate of 97.0% and a near-maximum water flux of 1529 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 were obtained. However, the energy consumption of the heterogeneous desalination setup is a very important factor, and it remains largely unexplored. Here, the geometric-dimension-dependent ion transport in planar heterogeneous structures is reported. The two competitive ion migration behaviours during the desalination process, ion-depletion-dominated and electric-field-dominated ion transport, are identified for the first time. More importantly, these two ion-transport behaviours can be regulated. The excellent performance of combined high rejection rate, high water flux and low energy consumption can be obtained under the synergy of voltage, pressure and geometric dimension. With the appropriate optimization, the energy consumption can be reduced by 2 orders of magnitude, which is 50% of the industrial energy consumption. These findings provide beneficial insight for the application and optimized design of low-energy-consumption and portable water desalination devices.

Reid, L. M., Voloaca, C., Wu, J., Woldemariam, T., Jindal, K. and Zhu, X. 2014. CO452 corn inbred line. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1523–1527. CO452 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) stiff stalk inbred line with excellent combining ability as well as moderate resistance to common rust and intermediate resistance to gibberella ear rot, fusarium stalk rot and common smut. Excellent performance data were achieved when CO452 was combined with Lancaster inbreds such as LH162 and Iodent inbreds such as MBS8148.