Tesis sobre el tema "L'écart"
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Dion, Pascal. "Les déterminants de l'écart de taux d'intérêt Swap". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24778/24778.pdf.
Texto completoMaïzia, Mindjid. "Régularité(s) urbaine : l'écart morphologique, une tentative de systématisation". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010687.
Texto completoPô, Guillaume. "Trace l'écart : compositions sous contraintes et tremplins de la mémoire". Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010554.
Texto completoChouen-Ollier, Chloé. "L'écriture de la prostitution dans l'oeuvre de Marguerite Duras. Écrire l'écart". Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030061.
Texto completoThis dissertation analyses the different meanings of prostitution in the writings of Marguerite Duras. Through the intersecting analytical lenses of literary history, philosophy and psychoanalysis, our research shows that prostitution, far from being a simple subject, is inherent to the creative art and act of the author. Writing, for Duras, is the product of a creative tension shaped by distance : the very margin (away from the doxa, the language itself) from which the author crafted her work is the creative force that informs her desire to diverge from the norm and effectively strive to overturn rather than follow it.We will first consider the thematic of prostitution – prevalent from her earliest texts – throughout Duras’s work and how it weaves a veritable fantasy matrix proposing a body of work that reverses the common axiology by sacralizing profanity and placing the margin at the center. Prostitution becomes a melting pot of the writing process and reveals the agenda of the potentialities within creation (it shapes writing itself). Nevertheless, beyond the idealization of giving oneself to another, prostitution runs deeper than the skin : it has ametaphysical sense. Indeed, we demonstrate how offering one’s body is linked to an infinite quest or thirst that only the Absolute of life can quench. Offering one’s body is a tense act situated between desire and mourning and that can be interpreted as the quest for Aletheia(truth through unveiling), rather than a simple transaction free of any eroticism. In any case,to prostitute oneself is above all, a staged performance deeply rooted in theatricality, and this point is analyzed in the last part of our work. After the 1980s the rapport between the prostitute and the truth changes and distance, far more than the rapprochement between bodies and beings, is then paid in cash
Cummins, Louis. "La mise à l'écart de l'art du travail social : les u-topiques". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4921.
Texto completoRioux, Annick. "Comportement intraquotidien de l'écart cours vendeur-cours acheteur de l'indice TSE 35". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/MQ48955.pdf.
Texto completoGuerra, Vieira Sílvia. "L'écart-compétence une démarche méthodologique pour anticiper les conséquences stratégiques de l'innovation". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ECAP0602.
Texto completoAyed, Patricia. "Étude de l'écart à la coincidence de la macle (1012) du magnésium". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112228.
Texto completoStudy of the deviation to the coincidence in the {1012} twin orientation of magnesium. Mechanical twins in h. C. P. Metals can be described like coincidence grain boundaries. Their analysis is carried out with a formalism giving a precise determination of the coincidence orientation or of the possible deviation to this exact coincidence by T. E. M. The usual twin {1012} in the hexagonal system is analyzed in magnesium. Among the two used methods the matrix method and the Kikuchi map method, only the second one gives precise information on the type of the supplementary deviation to the exact coincidence orientation. Correlations between these deviations to the {1012} twin orientation and the dislocation networks lying in the twin boundaries are done, either for a tilt deviation or for a twist deviation. Moreover, both twin boundaries have a different nature and behaviour orientation, morphology, dislocations
Longpré, Verret Léamaude. "L'écart salarial entre les hommes et les femmes immigrants qualifiés au Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25731.
Texto completoSauzin, David. "Résurgence paramétrique et exponentielle petitesse de l'écart des séparatrices du pendule rapidement forcé". Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077088.
Texto completoLapierre, Johannie. "La communication : de l'écart à la rencontre dans Pigments suivi de Névralgies de Léon-Gontran Damas". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27151.
Texto completoFlahutez, Fabrice. "Nouveau monde et nouveau mythe : mutations du surréalisme de l'exil américain (1941) à "l'écart absolu" (1965)". Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010600.
Texto completoBoulé, Stéphane. "« Sous la Tiffany » roman suivi de La dynamique de l'écart dans « Hotaru » et dans « L'Attrape-coeurs » réflexion". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29741/29741.pdf.
Texto completoBoulé, Stéphane. "Sous la Tiffany : roman ; suivi de La dynamique de l'écart dans Hotaru et dans L'Attrape-cœurs : réflexion". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24748.
Texto completoTeghbit, Saliha. "Contribution à la modélisation floue, minimisation de l'écart modèle-système par réduction du contour du graphe flou". Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/5142ac51-a8ff-4d6b-8979-acb9641b3abc.
Texto completoDizol, Jean-Marie. "Maupassant de l'écrit à l'écran". Toulouse 2, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOU20024.
Texto completoDahani, Moumen. "Étude de la concordance de deux méthodes de mesure de l'écart utilisées pour déterminer l'existence présumée de besoin". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37339.
Texto completoQuébec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2019
Kerfa, Sonia. "Géographies du regard dans le cinéma documentaire non institutionnel : le corps ou la question de l'écart (Espagne 1951-1974)". Lyon 2, 2008. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2008/kerfa_s.
Texto completoThe antirepublican's victory at the end of the Spanish Civil War and the long-lasting installation of general Franco at the head of a personal and authoritarian government led to the power's takeover of the non-fiction film production. Nevertheless, and in spite of the monopoly exercised by the official news called NO-DO (Noticiario y Documentales Cinematográficos), which also produced documentary films, a cinema looking into reality in a singular way existed. Away from the monolithic and uniform landscape imposed by the dictatorship, different ways of seeing appeared, as early as the fifties, and did not stop asserting themselves throughout these long years deprived of freedom. This thesis takes support on a tight and heterogeneous corpus of eleven documentary films realized during about twenty five years. The purpose is to bring to light non-institutional realizations which, although not necessarily antifranquist filmmakers' work, nonetheless remain personal creations deviating, even sometimes slightly, from the narrow vision of the official authorities. We designed this corpus and measured this deviating distance with the help of the deterritorialisation and reterritorialisation philosophical concepts as they are exposed in Gilles Deleuze's and Félix Guattari's works. Their conception of the society allowed us to consider the question of the body as center of "becoming", in spite of the historical and cultural determinism under the Franquist regime. The reality of the body, in our corpus's filmmakers' visions, draws a dynamic and unusual field which wanders through the national geography and testifies of the documentary cinema's vigour in a landscape restrained by the censorship
Uss, Mykhailo. "Estimation aveugle de l'écart-type du bruit additif, indépendant et/ou dépendant du signal : application aux images texturées multi/hyperspectrales". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1E008.
Texto completoDonaty-Prost, Brigitte. "Les jeux de l'écart : mises en scène du répertoire classique (Corneille, Molìère, Racine) en France de 1965 à nos jours". Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20044.
Texto completoThis dissertation examines the major aesthetic orientations in the performance of theater plays by Corneille, Molière and Racine in France from 1965 to nowadays. The first part summarizes the experimentations during the first half of the 20th century. The second part considers how, since the 1960s, the directors have changed the hermeneutic traditions of the classical plays and renewed them, transforming the stage into a commentary of the text and of the society. The third part analyses the way they have played, in particular since two decades, with the conventions of performance, how they have deconstructed the fiction and rediscovered or reinvented the language of the 17th century
Ruffiot, Marine. "Le cadre et ses aménagements en Thérapie Familiale Psychanalytique : dynamique et incidences de l'écart théorico-pratique dans la clinique familiale contemporaine". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2130.
Texto completoFaced with new clinical, institutional and societal realities, family therapists are increasingly called upon to adjust their “settings”, introducing new configurations of Psychoanalytic Family Therapy which challenge the epistemological foundations of the reference model. The author proposes to approach this issue in an auto-meta twofold perspective, covering on one hand a reflection on the fundamental invariants of the psychoanalytic family action; on the other the development of some vertices from which to grasp in an integrative approach her contemporary patterns of clinical actualization. Based on the differential analysis of the processual logic at work in two “adjusted” PFT, this research proposes to identify axes for a transversal reading in connection with the specific terms of the family work of transitionality mobilized in situations where the classical therapeutic operators are not accessible, operative or usable by the families. Specifically set for thinking are the conditions for which various forms of concrete interactional experiences can then play the role of substitute for the family oniric sharing, through a co-constructive process, in a found/created mode within the neo-group, of the setting’s transitional resources. Suggesting to conceive the “family preconscious work” as a metapsychological reference transversal to the different PFT practices, the author sketches some modelling perspectives relating to the “outsight effect” that organizes its deployment in these conditions where the interfantasmatic dynamics support itself with a detour passing by the external reality of materialized shorings (institutional meta-setting, therapeutic mediums).This angle of approach invites to reconsider the “classical psychoanalytic family cure” precepts, built on the dream model, in the light of processual expression’s ways and forms taking more from the play model but belonging to the same profound essence
Bogard, Matthieu. "Analyse génétique et écophysiologique de l'écart à la relation teneur en protéines - rendement en grains chez le blé tendre (Triticum aestivum L.)". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679581.
Texto completoCastay-Roubeau, Nathalie. "Bodas de Sangre, Carmen : de l'écrit à l'écran". Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.biu-montpellier.fr/florabium/jsp/nnt.jsp?nnt=2009MON30097.
Texto completoThis thesis is a study of the passage from text to pictures in Bodas de sangre and Carmen. The first part is a presentation of the Carlos Saura sociohistorical context, followed by a survery of his work focusing on significative points which will be analysed in the deeper investigation of the chosen films. The second part aims at analysing the original texts, which highlights more than equivalent structures but also a close link between the two authors, the two novels and the two heroines. That study of the text also reveals the birth of the myth about Carmen. The third part deals with the transfer of the icon. To develop that point, the study of temporality brings the text and the picture under a different light. So, the controlled cinema technique proves that it can be on ally to literature and choregraphy. The importance given to photography, realism, scenery and sound track puts some new light on the text. In both cases, the member of the audience watches a film that represents the rehearsal on the creation of a ballet, the mise en abyme is, in fact, a choice of creation; the superposition of stories requires from the audience to juggle from one to the other, stimulating the playing of the film
Garon, Julie. "L'égalité dans la mire, l'inégalité dans la peau - comprendre l'écart entre les attentes et la réalité des parents dans le partage des tâches". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30418/30418.pdf.
Texto completoLeconte, Arnaud. "Combler l'écart entre la gestion de l'information et du risque social : : le marché européen du carbone, un modèle pour un marché global du carbone?" Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE0012.
Texto completoThe development of a new emerging market of carbon emission rights, the EU ETS (European Trading Scheme), since 2005 represents the first empirical attempt to capture new information (the carbon price) in climate risk management. A future global and efficent carbon price set by the market system assumes the existence of financial and technological transfer mechanisms to developing countries under the equity principle. The fair distribution of resources and risks is critical in the carbon market, and issues of equity are central to securing a global action programme to deal with climate change. Most economic studies consider that the carbon market is superior to other instruments (such as the carbon tax) in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. Formal modelisation in economics focuses on neo-classical models where perfect information is assumed. However, even a small amount of information imperfection has a profound effect on the nature of the equilibrium. The loss of confidence in the market mechanism observed in the current crisis leads to propose a new way of analysing financial markets. Under a framework of interactions between imperfect information and speculative flows, the new model developed in the present thesis, called PRISME, identifies and addresses the six key functions of financial markets: Price, Risk, Incentives, Social, Multiplier and Effectiveness. .
Delsart, Eloïse. "Se raconter sans se trahir : l'autonarration à l'écrit et à l'écran". Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0070.
Texto completoFrom its inception, cinema has come up against the question of reality. The camera, as a recording machine, presented itself as an opportunity to transcribe a form of truth, stripped of all the different filters that hindered the representation of "things as they are". However, the filmed image, like any linguistic statement, cannot escape the multiple betrayals of the truth which can only make it a construction, even in its most elementary device. In addition to the question of reality and its real axis, cinema has never ceased to face new betrayals: class betrayal (Lumière brothers), gender betrayal (male gaze), political betrayal (Godard ) and spectator betrayal. Taking stock of all of these betrayals, this thesis questions the forms of self-storytelling in its back and forth from the screen to the written word and the multiple avatars of the ego. How can you tell your story without betraying yourself? Is documentary more faithful to reality than fiction? Do you have to say "I" to tell yourself? What happens to "I" once on the screen? What is the value of a female "I" compared to a male "I"? Do we write to ourselves more sincerely than we film ourselves? Is Self-Incarnation on Screen True? In order to provide avenues for answers, this thesis proposes a transmedial exploration of works by authorship that place the biographical issue at the heart of their work: Cyril Collard, first of all, who has written, filmed et sung himself, sacrificed its flesh on screen until its death; Eva Ionesco then, who first filmed herself before writing, making childhood trauma the narrative point of departure for all of her work; and Julie Maroh, to whom we reserve different treatment since the autofictional dimension of her graphic novels has never been clearly claimed. Nonetheless, Maroh, as an illustrator, finds herself in a middle ground, where the novel bears within it the mark of a cinematic will. We will demonstrate that the graphic novel, as a storyboard, constitutes a form of propaedeutic to cinematographic practice. And that it can be the place of a sincere expression freed from the constraints of both language failure and filmic betrayal
Burette, Stéphanie. "La règle et l'écart. Paradoxe et évolution de la vraisemblance dans les discours sur la peinture (théorie de l'art et critique d'art) aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030177.
Texto completoThis thesis offers to examine theory of art and art criticism texts about painting in 17th and 18th c. France, via the angle of verisimilitude. Numerous thoughts upon the legitimacy of the criticism of those who do not practice painting have preceded the birth of art criticism, and the debate is still going on during the 18th c. However, the notion of verisimilitude, present in art theory discourses (by painters or not) about the creation of an art piece, manifests that the perception of the painting by someone looking at it is taken into account, this time from the point of view of reception: can “one” believe what the painting shows? We aim at proving the crucial role of verisimilitude in giving art critic legitimacy. If a spectator – who is not a painter – has no legitimacy to judge the quality of drawing or colour in an art piece, he can say whether the painting is credible or not.We compare and study the several acceptations of verisimilitude in theorists and critics’ writings in order to highlight that the notion is considered as a rule of painting on both sides, and analyse its evolution in 18th c. discourses
Nouailles, Bertrand. "Le monstre, ou le sens de l'écart : essai sur une philosophie de la vie à partir des leçons de la tératologie d'Etienne et d'Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846655.
Texto completoGagnon, Karine. "L'écart entre la réussite scolaire des filles et celle des garçons : présentation, analyse des représentations véhiculées dans des écoles primaires au Québec et étude du traitement de l'information". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23998/23998.pdf.
Texto completoBertrand, Solène. "Les adaptations cinématographiques des œuvres médiévales : de la lettre à l'image, de l'écrit à l'écran". Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUEL488.
Texto completoThis work is a thought about the changes created by the movement between books and screen. Each adaptation is a rewriting of literature. It concerns the structural transformations and the evolution of the texts. What becomes the literary style ? Film adaptations change the art of writing. The movies i have chosen are adapations of medieval works : L'Eternel Retour from Jean Delannoy, Lancelot du Lac from Robert Bresson, Monthy Python Holy Grail, Perceval Le Gallois from Eric Rohmer. Each director goes back to the texts and to Middle Ages and XXth century are quite similar : same status for the images, for the author. These adaptations try to demonstrate that this periods are not so far away : it's good to think about it
Xie, Hui. "Estimation de canal parcimonieux pour les systèmes OFDM". Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=b2c74e30-5647-4589-87b7-fd4f0106593f.
Texto completoOFDM is widely used in wireless communications due to its capacity of high data rate transmission over frequency selective channel. For coherent detection of OFDM symbols, channel frequency responses must be estimated, which is usually done with the help of pilot tones. Frequency domain estimation methods are often employed with interpolation methods. Usually, interpolation methods introduce an error floor. The easy solution of increasing the number of pilots decreases the spectral efficiency of the system. Another solution is to work in the time domain. In general, the channel impulse response contains a limited number of significant values having more energy than the noise. In the case of sparse channel, this number is much smaller than that of pilot subcarriers. To improve the sparse channel estimation, some kind of threshold is needed. In this thesis, in the case where the number of pilots is larger than the length of cyclic prefix, a time domain sparse channel estimation method based on an original threshold is proposed. This method with high spectral efficiency, good channel estimation performance, low computational complexity, requires no prior knowledge of both the channel statistics and noise standard deviation. In the case where the channel is sparse with large delay spread, we propose an original channel estimation technique based on compressed sensing theory. The proposed method requires smaller number of pilots than that of classical frequency domain techniques. This work ends with the study of non-sample spaced sparse channel; the idea of smart measurement matrix is proposed to improve the efficiency of the classical CS based estimation methods
Montupet, Pascale. ""Poétique de l'écart" dans "Sylvie" de Gérard de Nerval, "Le grand Meaulnes" d́Alain-Fournier, "La fugitive" de Marcel Proust et dans "Musashino" de Kunikida Doppo, "Yoshinokuzu" de Tanizaki Jun-ichirô et "Kusamakura" de Natsumé Sôseki". Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA030018.
Texto completoBreton, Justine. "Image du pouvoir et pouvoir de l'image : les représentations de la puissance dans la légende arthurienne, de l'écrit à l'écran". Thesis, Amiens, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AMIE0017.
Texto completoThe Arthurian legend has captivated authors and readers since the Middle Ages. King Arthur’s authority, the strength of the Knights of the Round Table, Merlin’s magic: these key aspects structure medieval texts as well as their modern rewritings. In the 20th and 21st centuries, filmmakers have employed the myth to convey their own narrative and aesthetic agendas. However, such a series of rewritings and adaptations necessarily distorts the meaning of the legend developed over centuries. When shifted from text to screen, the myth changes: while the narrative, with its variations inherited from the medieval tradition, is often kept, the representations of power evolve to resemble modern social and political ideas. Films and TV series play a key role in the collective imagination and the Arthurian legend has been adapted to fit modern views on democracy, equality, religion and even human interactions. The evolution of the images of power emphasises the authors’ and filmmakers’ appropriation of medieval texts, and results in the enhancement of Arthur’s humanity, the glorification of the Knights’ force, the removal of Christian authority in favour of fantasy and the supernatural, and the appearance of anachronistic popular power. From Geoffrey of Monmouth to Guy Ritchie, from Chrétien de Troyes to Alexandre Astier, via Thomas Malory, T.H. White and Walt Disney, the legend of King Arthur that reappears in the collective imagination is grafted onto a shifting image of power
Ferrier, Renaud. "Stratégies de résolution numérique pour des problèmes d'identification de fissures et de conditions aux limites". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLN034/document.
Texto completoThe goal of this thesis is to study and to develop some methods in order to solve two types of identification problems in the framework of elliptical equations. As those problems are known to be particularly unstable, the proposed methods are accompanied with regularization procedures, that ensure that the obtained solutions keep a physical meaning.Firstly, we study the resolution of the Cauchy problem (boundary conditions identification) by the Steklov-Poincaré method. We start by proposing some improvements based on the used Krylov solver, especially by introducing a regularization method that consists in truncating the Ritz values decomposition of the operator in question. We study afterwards the estimation of uncertainties by the mean of techniques stemming from Bayesian inversion. Finally, we aim at solving more demanding problems, namely a time-transient problem, a non-linear case, and we give some elements to carry out resolutions on geometries that have a very high number of degrees of freedom, with help of domain decomposition.As for the problem of crack identification by the reciprocity gap method, we firstly propose and numerically test some ways to stabilize the resolution (use of different test-functions, a posteriori minimization of the gradients or Tikhonov regularization). Then we present an other variant of the reciprocity gap method, that is applicable on cases for which the measurements are incomplete. This method, based on a Petrov-Galerkin approach, is confronted, among others, with an experimental case. Finally, we investigate some ideas that allow to extend the reciprocity gap method for the identification of non-plane cracks
Mauroux, Didier. "La conscience de l'écrit chez l'enfant de 4 à 7 ans : de "l'écrit de la rue" à "l'écrit de l'école"". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05H076.
Texto completoThe aim of these thesis is to study the relationships between children and written words in their every day environment. We condiser that an environmental words is composed of a graphic representation (for eg : orangina or smarties) with a setting which can either be a logo (orange peel) or a representation (smarties box). The sample we tested represents 190 children of middle and final year nursery school together with first year primary school (c. P. ), devided according to the following criteria : sex of the child, socio-professional class of the father and school location. The youngest children take these tests twice in may (firstly during the final year at nursery school, secondly during the first year at primary school). In the first part of our work, we are studying the theories of learning the written language, in particular, as regards beginners. The second part gives a detailed account of testing procedures. To gebin with, the children are asked to read twelve environmental graphic representations without context; then with black and white and colour backgrounds. Then suggest unusual ways of we assosiating graphic representations and settings : changed letters or altered setting etc. . . At a later stage, we ask them to identify those same words in the following manner : without the first or last letter, omitting the first or second half of the word, without the upper or lower loops of letters, and at last in conventional writing. Finally, the children are asked to write and without a written example
Lefort, Thierry. "De l'écran à l'oeuvre : matérialité et virtualité de l'image et de l'écran". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR20004.
Texto completoThe screen in process : the screen, under all the forms, is more and more present in the spaces of exhibition dedicated to the contemporary art. Now it turns out that, in the field of the aesthetic reflection, the screen is often considered only as a mask, darkened or unknown or unimportant, transparent or opaque, crossed intermediary, in the exclusive profit of the image which it conveys or makes visible. . .
Magnier, Vincent. "Faust à l'écran, 1920-1997". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040151.
Texto completoVerone, Dorian. "L'écrit dans la procédure orale". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD010.
Texto completoThe written procedure place in the oral one is a sensitive question. This oral procedure rests on two features : the first one is the absence of mandatory legal représentation, the second one rests on verbal exchange only. Civil procedure rules don’t anticipate in detail the written procedure place in the oral one, they only repeat the same phrase for every courts : « the parties may refer to claims and means they would formulate in writing as well. The parties’ claims are written in the case or recorded in the minutes. Facing the recurrent use of the writing in the procedures without mandatory legal representation, case laws stepped in deciding that the writing is only a subsidiary tool for the oral procedure. Notwithstanding, since 2010, the successive legislative reforms grant the writing its own authority. Thereby, the writing has the ability to be a fully fledged means of expression that may be used by the assisted parts or not. In practice, this evolution results from a marginalising of the oral procedure by the professionals, especially because of its difficulties to be compatible with the trial principles. The writing offers the prospect for the oral procedure to complete its structural loopholes
Fernandez, Stéphanie. "L'écrit dans le rapport d'emploi". Lyon 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2006/fernandez_s.
Texto completoIn 1804 was observed a certain hostility with the requirements of writing in the relationship between masters and workmen or servants. The tendency is completely opposite today. In the relation of employment a multiplication of the requirements of writing is observed. The study proposes to seek which are the reasons of this essort of the formalism while basing on the analysis of the legal status of the writing relating to the relation of employment. This one revealed that the writing is brought to play various "technical" roles, but also of the roles which one could qualify the "social" one and who correspond to its functions. Carried out by considering these two aspects, the study makes it possible to check the assumption according which the writing would have as a reason the protection of the weak party. It appears however that the reasons of the development of the formalism are not due only to the specificity of the relation of employment which is characterized by a double inequality of the parties. They are also due to reasons common to the movement of rebirth of the formalism which is observed in the wole of the branches of the right, with knowing, the protection of the interest general and legal safety. Intended to protect the weak party, the writing also has to meet a requirement of protection of the rights and interests of the two parties. This requirement finds its base in the article 16 of Declaration of Human rights and the citizen. One can then suppose that the writing relating to other uneven relation of inequality don't have only as a reason the protection of the weak party but also legal safety of the two parties
Joly, Elisabeth. "L'écrit confronté aux nouvelles technologies". Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON10015.
Texto completoOhana, Sarah. "L'étonnement ou "l'éclat du visible"". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC256.
Texto completoAstonishment has a privileged place in the history of philosophy, considered as the emotion behind all forms of philosophical speculation; it is the most appropriate object of study to analyze the common problems of cinema and Philosophy: movement (Thales, Heraclitus, Zeno of Elea), questioning reality (Descartes), access to knowledge through the senses (Plato). Cinema will thus be considered as a tool able to portray Cartesian doubt through a progressive deconstruction of reality. Each film studied materializes a stage of this deconstruction: Three Days of the Condor by Sydney Pollack: questioning reality Aguirre, the Wrath of God by Werner Herzog and Bullitt by Peter Yates: the denial of reality the filmography of Buster Keaton (short and feature films); the betrayal of appearances the abstract works of Stan Brakhage: the reduction of reality to an interweaving of forms and sensations. Thus, by the incarnation of « conceptual characters » (the idiot, the skeptic, the young philosopher), cinema allows us to empirically access to philosophical reasoning. This development will also involve the redefinition of the causes and conditions of astonishment. Indeed, the relationship between astonishment and memory will necessitate a further investigation into, since it is mainly linked to the new and the extraordinary in the different treatises on emotion studied (Descartes, Darwin, Charles Le Brun, William James). Thus, by means of a revaluation of the affective memory in the perception of an astonishing object, this emotion can finally be considered according to the past of the subject. The different types of recognition involved in filmic vision will be analyzed to understand when this phenomenon moves from being a minor event to a major event. In this way, cinema can be used as a memorial laboratory. Thanks to an anthropological approach to the primary cause of astonishment in the cinema: « the moving leaves » (i.e. movement), the myth of living images, will be studied through its persistence at different moments of cinema history from Abel Gance’s Napoleon to Young Sherlock Holmes by Barry Levinson. The first principle of cinematic astonishment leads us to consider its inversion, the astonishment aroused by another aspect of life of images, one dominated by the suspension or the halting of the image. Finally, the « Saturated Phenomena » (defined by Jean-Luc Marion as an astonishment overlooking the spectator's field of vision) will be divided into a typology of the different 6 types of saturation in the cinema (cubist montage, crowded frames, etc.) in order to find a visual equivalent of the evidence (the first Cartesian obsession) and to reassert the value of the senses in the construction of knowledge
Pomerleau, Clarence. "Les manifestations du rapport à l'écrit". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70312.
Texto completoPetitjean, Adeline. "Approches biométrologiques de l'éclat du teint". Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA0005.
Texto completoL'éclat du teint est une réalité que tout le monde appréhende, mais qu'il est difficile de décrire ; pourtant, de plus en plus de produits cosmétiques mis sur le marché revendiquent cette indication. Il est le reflet de notre état de santé, du fonctionnement de notre organisme. Il joue un rôle physiologique et social de premier plan. La liste des paramètres qui le constituent est difficile à établir et les méthodes d'évaluation in vivo de l'éclat du teint manquent encore à ce jour. - L'objectif de ce travail était de comprendre l'éclat du teint. Il semble dépendre du pouvoir réfléchissant de la peau. L'aspect brillant de la peau est dû à la réflexion spéculaire (elle-même influencée par la texture de la peau) alors que la couleur est due à la rétrodiffusion, qui dépend majoritairement de la concentration des différents pigments et de leur distribution (mélanine et hémoglobine). Ainsi la couleur cutanée est influencée par la microcirculation. Il apparaît évident que la notion d'éclat du teint est très complexe et d'origine multifactorielle. Ce mélange pondéré de la texture, de la brillance, de la microcirculation et de la couleur, est probablement influencé par d'autres facteurs psychologiques tels que la joie, la tristesse, la fatigue. . . - [ Travaux et résultats :] Dans un premier temps, pour évaluer la quantité de lumière réfléchie (brillance), nous avons validé un nouvel outil développé au sein de notre laboratoire. Nous avons montré que cet outil est répétable et reproductible dans le temps pour deux paramètres. L'un dépend de la texture de la peau et l'autre de la brillance de la peau. Il est aussi sensible et spécifique. Ainsi, cet appareil est satisfaisant pour suivre l'évolution de l'éclat du teint au niveau du front et de la pommette, et pour réaliser une classification (terne ou éclatant) au niveau du front. - Dans une application physiologique, nous nous sommes intéressée à un facteur susceptible d'altérer l'éclat du teint : le tabac. Puis dans une application cosmétique, nous avons étudié le potentiel d'amélioration de cet éclat par une famille de peptides. Nous avons étudié : les effets cutanés du tabagisme et de ses principes actifs sur le microrelief (projection de franges) ; la microcirculation (vidéocapillaroscopie) ; la couleur (Chromamètre®) ; la brillance, à l'aide d'un nouveau système développé par notre laboratoire, mesurant la quantité de lumière réfléchie par la peau ; l'hydratation (Cornéomètre®) ; le taux de sébum (Sébumètre®). Des techniques de biologie ont aussi été utilisées pour comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu par les principes actifs pour leur efficacité in vivo. - Nous nous sommes intéressée aux fibroblastes (prépuce), cellules responsables de la synthèse et de l'entretien des macromolécules de la matrice extracellulaire. Nous avons étudié leur activité de synthèse via l'étude du collagène de type l et III, leur capacité de rétraction, certains récepteurs - les intégrines α2β1 - lesquels lient le collagène de type l avec une forte affinité et ainsi jouent un rôle clé dans la migration des fibroblastes à l'intérieur du derme. - Nous avons mis en évidence que le tabagisme chronique aggrave le microrelief, diminue le taux de sébum et diminue le nombre de boucles capillaires visibles. Cette étude renforce l'idée que fumer est un facteur de vieillissement prématuré de la peau. Ainsi, nous pouvons conclure que le tabac altère l'éclat du teint en diminuant la réflexion de la lumière, la brillance et la rétrodiffusion de la lumière. - Nous avons mis en évidence que quatre principes actifs améliorent l'état de surface de la peau en ayant un effet lissant : l'un par un effet filmogène, les trois autres par une augmentation du taux de collagène I. Pour la brillance, seul un des principes actifs réduit la quantité de lumière diffusée et augmente la quantité de lumière réfléchie (mais de façon non significative). - Au niveau microcirculatoire, seul un des principes actifs a inhibé l'augmentation observée de la vascularisation avec l'excipient. Nous pouvons suggérer qu'une diminution de la vascularisation améliore le teint en maintenant un teint homogène et en luttant contre les effets du vieillissement. Ainsi, tel principe actif tend à inhiber les effets microcirculatoires du vieillissement et à améliorer le teint. Nous n'avons pas mis en évidence d'efficacité sur les autres paramètres étudiés. - [ Conclusion : ] Ce travail a permis de mieux appréhender les paramètres intervenants dans l'éclat du teint et il témoigne de sa complexité. Ces résultats suggèrent que la texture de la peau joue un rôle important dans l'éclat du teint
This work has helped to identify the parameters which participate in the skin radiance and has revealed its complexity: multifactorial sources (texture, brightness, rnicrocirculation, colour, happiness, sadness, tiredness. . . ). - By biometrological assessment, we demonstrated that smoking alters the skin radian ce by reducing the brightness, the light reflection (worsening the microreIief) and the light retrodiffusion. We showed that the four active principles improve the skin radiance by a smoothing effect. Only one of the actives improves brightness. With regard to microcirculation, only one of the active princip les inhibited the increase of the vascularisation with the excipient. It seems that reduced vascularisation improves the skin radiance by keeping it homogeneous and fighting the effects of aging. The results suggest that the skin texture is a capital eIement in the skin radiance
Lowy, Vincent. "La conférence de Munich à l'écran". Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN21040.
Texto completoWith a succession of bringing together and comparisons, we are planning to analyze the cinematographic memory of the Munich Conference. By taking the Sudete crisis as a topic, the purpose of this study is to show how is built the memory of a major event in the circumstantial rising to war chronicle, understood as determining in the background of a study on news setting. Film documents can, as well as written ones, help for the immediate knowledge of history, by deciphering various codes, revealing through special means the specificity of the connection between the production context of a film and its reading. This disclosure weight, though, doesn't only come out of obvious reminiscent clues revealed through narrative images, but also of representational effects of recurrences providing its historicity to the cinematographic narration, that is its inscription in a second textuality, defying expectation and appearing as years go by. This research, carrying out a systematic inventory of the products related to our subject, results in the exposure of an inventory problem bound to the Munich Conference, an event which representations on screen always perform a destruction of the historical subject. The sacrifice notion structures the moral landscape released by these documents, thus basing on an expiation ground the modern mythology that Nazism has become
Savage, Isabelle. "L'entrée dans l'écrit chez l'enfant sourd". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34967.
Texto completoCoutelet, Béatrice. "Maîtrise de l'écrit et technologies documentaires". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT5024.
Texto completoCardinal-Picard, Marie. "Pratiques de l'écrit et rapport à l'écrit de conseillères et conseillers d'orientation au coeur de la relation d'orientation". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/952.
Texto completoFerland, Manon. "La clarté cognitive et l'entrée dans l'écrit". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/MQ46737.pdf.
Texto completoDeane-Freeman, Timothy. "Le Dehors Numérique : Deleuze et l'écran contemporain". Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100035.
Texto completoThe problem this thesis intends to address is that of a certain disconnect between the cinematic philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and the condition of the contemporary moving-image, which, in the years since Deleuze wrote on film, has been radically altered by its transformation into digital format(s). It is my central contention that a productive relationship between this philosophy and contemporary screen cultures is indeed possible, and potentially of great value, provided we can reread and extend certain key Deleuzian concepts.Pursuant to this goal, drawing on a concept deployed throughout Deleuze’s Cinema II: The Time-Image (1985), I argue that digital images can engender certain unique relations with an “outside” –an unarticulated presence beyond the frame, which serves to unground and problematise thought. The “outside” –developed from the literary philosophy of Maurice Blanchot– constitutes a genetic condition of thought, which sees the thinker confronted with that which is fundamentally un-thought, an unrecognisable terrain to which she must respond with creative, novel solutions. This model of thought, I argue, impels us away from habitudes and orthodoxies, forcing us to become radically open to contingency and change –a movement commensurate with what I will claim is the fundamental political orientation of Deleuze’s philosophy
Cazes, Valérie. "Entrer dans l'écrit : étude de quelques stratégies". Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20023.
Texto completoThe notion of learning the writing language covers different phenomena of a great complexity. A way to approach it is to try to highligh some beheviors of a young novice readers : they attempt to enter the writting language by using original ways. Such as their firstname usage, the restitution of a memorized oral, or the space position utilization