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1
Wood, Thomas J. C. "The formation of Kyrgyz foreign policy 1991-2004 /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2005.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.Chair: Andrew Hess. Submitted to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 362-370). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
2
Bernard, Andrew T. "The eagle, the bear, and the yurt : evaluating Kyrgyzstan's foreign policy behavior with the United States and Russia in the post-9/11 security environment /". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FBernard.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): Anne L. Clunan, Mikhail Tsypkin. Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-115). Also available online.
3
Igmen, Ali F. "Building Soviet Central Asia, 1920-1939 : Kyrgyz houses of culture and self-fashioning Kyrgyzness /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10385.
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Jolosheva, Aida A. 1984. "Entrepreneurship and Microfinance: Economic Development and Women's Empowerment in Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10650.
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xi, 105 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This thesis focuses on microfinance in Kyrgyzstan as a response to the initiation of economic, social and political reforms following Kyrgyzstan's independence in 1991. These reforms accelerated Kyrgyzstan's transition from a centrally-planned to a liberal market-based economy. Microfinance became a favored mechanism for encouraging individual entrepreneurship and thus economic development. Based on field research I conducted in Kyrgyzstan during the summer of 2009, this thesis examines the economic impact of these reforms on women entrepreneurs, as women were particularly vulnerable to the social fallout from such reforms. Through participatory observation, small focus groups and semi-structured interviews, I analyze myriad aspects of the lives of women entrepreneurs who have participated in a microfinance project. I argue that microfinance provides an empowering, sustainable path for them. However, the historical occupational divisions encouraged by the Soviet Union affect how people use microcredit. I conclude with suggestions on improving microfinance practices in Kyrgyzstan.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Anita M. Weiss, Chair; Dr. Laura Leete; Dr. Shankha Chakraborty
5
Niazaliev, Ouran. "Failed Democratic Experience In Kyrgyzstan: 1990-2000". Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605282/index.pdf.
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This study seeks to analyze the process of transition and democratization in Kyrgyzstan from 1990 to 2000. The collapse of the Soviet Union opened new political perspectives for Kyrgyzstan and a chance to develop sovereign state based on democratic principles and values. Initially Kyrgyzstan attained some progress in building up a democratic state. However, in the second half of 1990s Kyrgyzstan shifted toward authoritarianism. Therefore, the full-scale transition to democracy has not been realized, and a well-functioning democracy has not been established. This study aims to focus on the impediments that led to the failure of establishing democracy in Kyrgyzstan. It analyzes the role of economy, political elites and political culture in the form of tribalism in Kyrgyzstan within the framework of the economic and political changes that have been undergoing since independence. The political and economic developments in Kyrgyzstan are discussed with specific reference to the hardships in economic transition, elite continuity and role of tribal and clan structures in present politics.
6
Joldoshbek, Ulu Jyldyzbek. "Post-soviet Coloured Revolutions: An Analysis Of Kyrgyzstan". Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610050/index.pdf.
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The study seeks to analyze the &ldquoTulip Revolution&rdquo
, its reasons and outcomes. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, newly independent Central Asian countries
Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan emerged in the world politics as independent sates. However, used to be parts of big complex system of former Soviet Union and being lack of government experience in politic and economic area made them to dependent on external actors. One of the main external actors has become United States with its promotion of democracy and liberalization, while the Russia was challenging not to lose its political and economical influence in these states. As a result of these external powers&rsquo
policy, within the time the leaders of these states found themselves in the complex choices, pro-Western or pro-Russian. Therefore political and economic developments of these states have become vulnerable. For these reasons the &lsquo
coloured revolutions&rsquo
in post-Soviet states, which was the struggle between the pro-Western and pro-Russian elites, were not a coincidence. The study argues that although &ldquo
Tulip Revolution&rdquo
had similarities in its occurrence with previous &lsquo
colourful revolutions&rsquo
the main reasons of the &ldquo
Tulip Revolution&rdquo
were the internal reasons, external reasons were only the accelerator factors. Analyzing of these reasons is the main goal of thesis.
7
Mastin, A. J. "Canine echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan : detection, diagnosis, and dynamics". Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36011/.
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Human echinococcosis is an increasing public health issue in Kyrgyzstan, where Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis are coendemic and domestic dogs are considered the primary source of human infection. A control scheme based upon dosing dogs with praziquantel was commenced in Kyrgyzstan in 2012 and was evaluated using ELISA tests to measure levels of Echinococcus-specific ‘coproantigens’ in canine faeces. The current study describes methods of interpretation of coproELISA test results, both prior to and during a control scheme, using data collected from dogs in southern Kyrgyzstan over a period of three years. Current methods of coproELISA test interpretation based upon selection of a single cut-off value are described and found to have considerable limitations. To address this, Bayesian mixture modelling was used to transform raw coproantigen data into a metric which approximates the possible worm burden in individual dogs and reduces test misclassification at the population level. This approach was validated using data from a panel of faecal samples of known status and was applied to data from samples of unknown status collected from Kyrgyz dogs. Multiple correspondence analysis was used to characterise the Kyrgyz study sites and identify possible associations with canine infection status (incorporating both coproELISA and coproPCR results), but did not identify any strong relationships. A mixed effects logistic regression modelling approach combined with model averaging was used to identify temporal and seasonal trends in coproantigen and coproPCR prevalence. A trend of decreasing test prevalence over time with pronounced seasonality was found for some test results. Finally, a mathematical model of transmission of both Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis in Kyrgyzstan was developed and used to simulate the effects of a number of different dog dosing strategies. Canine echinococcosis surveillance and control could be improved by tailoring methods of diagnostic test interpretation (population level/individual level, categorical/continuous) to the situation at hand.
8
Wilkinson, Claire. "Interpreting security : grounding the Copenhagen school in Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1231/.
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This thesis presents a critique of the Copenhagen School's conceptualisation of security via an exploration of the socio-political situation in post-Akaev Kyrgyzstan. Centrally, I consider how different forms of knowledge can inform our interpretations of security. I argue that it is vital to challenge the underlying normative assumptions of the securitization and societal security, which manifest as a disciplinary "Westphalian straitjacket", if we are to produce accounts of places such as Kyrgyzstan that are not founded on stereotypes and untested assumptions. I argue that it is necessary to prioritise context when using theoretical concepts in order to fully situate our research. Adopting an interpretive approach not only in relation to Kyrgyzstan, but also securitization theory, I highlight the pluralities and contradictions of how security means in different settings and on different analytical levels. The issues raised are explored via the reflexive consideration of a number of protests in Bishkek, as well as discussion of the wider socio-cultural and political setting of post-Akaev Kyrgyzstan. I conclude that loosening the Westphalian straitjacket that currently restricts the normative and empirical utility of the Copenhagen School, and IR more generally, is a crucial step towards a more complex and nuanced understanding of security.
9
Van, Kesteren F. "Canine echinococcosis in the Alay Valley, southern Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/34431/.
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Echinococcosis is a serious and often fatal zoonotic disease caused by parasites in the genus Echinococcus. Echinococcus spp. cycle between intermediate and final hosts, and it is the accidental ingestion of eggs in faeces of final hosts (usually canids) that causes the disease in humans. There is evidence that echinococcosis is re-emerging in Kyrgyzstan, with increasing numbers of human cases reported from the south of the country. However, little is known about canine echinococcosis in the local domestic dog population, despite the fact that dogs are the main source of human infection. As such, this thesis focuses on canine echinococcosis in the Alay Valley, southern Kyrgyzstan. In order to study canine echinococcosis, reliable tools for diagnosing infection in dogs are needed. Previous studies have found that coproELISAs measuring Echinococcus spp. antigens in faecal samples can accurately detect canine echinococcosis. As part of this study, polyclonal antibodies were extracted from hyperimmune rabbit sera and optimized in a hybrid sandwich coproELISA for the detection of Echinococcus spp. in faecal samples with high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. However, coproELISAs are genus specific, and identifying species/strains of Echinococcus spp. requires coproPCR. Although previously published coproPCR protocols were available for detection of E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, such a protocol was not available for E. canadensis, which was found to occur in the Alay Valley as part of this study. As such, a new analytically specific and sensitive coproPCR protocol for the detection of E. canadensis was developed. The prevalence of canine echinococcosis in four communities in the Alay Valley was estimated by sampling 333 dogs in May 2012. The coproELISA prevalence was found to be high, with an average of 26.4%. All faecal samples collected in May 2012 were DNA extracted and tested by coproPCR. CoproPCR testing of coproELISA positives found that 33.3% tested positive for E. canadensis, 8.2% tested positive for E. granulosus, and 11.0% tested positive for E. multilocularis. Establishing pre-intervention canine coproELISA prevalences is crucial for evaluating the impact of any future control programs. As the ecology of dogs is important when studying diseases spread by them, dog demography, dog roles, dog husbandry and dog roaming was studied in four communities in the Alay Valley, as well as environmental faecal contamination being assessed. The local dog population was large, with 1 dog/9.36 people. Most dogs were male and below five years of age. Dogs played various roles in the communities, including as sheep dogs, guard dogs, and pets. Most dogs were free-roaming and could move up to 2km away from their homes. The large population of free-roaming dogs was reflected in high levels of environmental contamination, with between 0.11 and 1.20 faecal samples/100m2 recorded. Following the implementation of a World Bank control scheme which aimed to dose all owned dogs with praziquantel four times a year, the effects of this programme on canine echinococcosis were evaluated. In order to do this, Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) was applied to ten communities in the Alay Valley, with communities sampled 9 and 21 months after the start of dosing. Results suggested that after 21 months of dosing, at least 75% of dogs were being dosed in 8/10 communities, and coproELISA prevalences were reduced in 5/4 communities respectively after 9 and 21 months of dosing. As control programmes require large commitments of time and resources, it is important to be able to evaluate how well these are meeting their targets. Here, reliable tools were developed to study canine echinococcosis, the pre-intervention canine echinococcosis coproELISA prevalence was established, dog ecology and demographics were studied, and LQAS was used to assess the first two years of an echinococcosis control programme. It is hoped that these studies contribute to a better understanding of the re-emergence of echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan and the impacts of control schemes on canine echinococcosis.
10
Djenaliev, Akjol. "Multicriteria decision makingand GIS for railroad planningin Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik (stängd 20110301), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-199832.
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The location of rail station and route planning for new railways in a country constitutecomplicated planning processes which involve the consideration and analysis of various datasets. It includes the evaluation of socio-economic and technical parameters to minimizeenvironmental impacts of different alternatives and to achieve the development of alternativestation and corridors for the planned rail networks link. In Kyrgyzstan, these tasks areimplemented using traditional manual routines that the choice of a location rail station andselection of corridor for new railways are based on the topography of the land.The use of modern technological tools like Geographic Information System (GIS) forsuitable location of rail stations and selection of optimum routes involves managing a varietyof data sets from different sources and at different scales. This work is intended to investigateand show the capabilities of GIS in railroad planning and station location processes using partof the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway in the south of Kyrgyzstan as a case study.The study will identify the information needs of different factors and evaluationcriteria for locating station and railroad planning. To achieve these objectives spatialmulticriteria decision making (MCDM) processes for planning the rail station and the routeswere designed and developed using GIS.The relative importance of the parameters in rail station location and rail routeselection has been determined in cooperation with rail experts. The obtained scores were usedin pairwise comparison to determine the weight of factors/criteria maps related to theseparameters. These weighted factors/criteria maps were overlaid and suitability maps werecreated in GIS for rail station location and rail route selection. The Weighted linearcombination (WLC) and The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) were used to derive thesesuitability maps.
11
Doolotkeldieva, Asel. "Social mobilisations, politics and society in contemporary Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21665.
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This dissertation is about social mobilizations in rural Kyrgyzstan from 2010-2015. Following a constructivist approach, I aim to answer a puzzling question in regard to multiple but rarely sustainable protests in this global periphery: Under what conditions can provisional episodes of mobilization be transformed into sustained mobilization? In particularly, I consider Eric Hirsch’s insight that the commitment of participants of mobilization to the cause is formed within collective instances, i.e. ‘group processes’, and I employ it in the Kyrgyzstani context of generalized distrust and discredited corrupt politics. I explore the conditions in which participants of episodes of mobilization create trust in organizers and into the cause of mobilization. I investigate these conditions in two case studies: one concerns a fragmented labour force at a state-owned gas and oil company in which, in the course of four years, workers succeeded to empower themselves as a collective actor within the group processes of collective learning and collective decision-making. The second tells a story about a fragmented rural community that goes against mining operations but sees the decline of an initially successful mobilization within group processes of monitoring. These findings point to the presence of a specific ‘pre-condition’ for any lasting mobilization: trust between organizers and participants of episodes of mobilization must be established in the process of monitoring the commitment to collective interests. With this insight I contribute to the literature on social movements and mobilizations that tends to take commitment and trust as pre-established resources. Furthermore, this work intervenes in the ongoing discussion on social change in the former Soviet Union. First, my observations of the difficult formation of protest groups lead, surprisingly, to the conclusion that the weak state produces a weak society. Second, due to the fragmented and localized nature of these mobilizations, social and political change in Kyrgyzstan is most likely to occur at the local level.
12
Bakiev, Erlan. "Determinants of interpersonal trust, organizational commitment for performance within Kyrgyz National Police". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4841.
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Improving organizational performance is an essential goal for any type of organization. This process involves varieties of methods, polices and strategies. One of the important elements of organizational performance is trust-building process which deeply depends on leadership efforts of ranked employees and managers. Literature has enough empirical evidence on influence of trust and trusted work environment on organizational performance. Aftermath of recent riots and clashes in Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz National Police (KNP) officers are demoralized by the actions of both previous and current governments which bear corruption, bribery and clan type of ruling. These facts led to untrustworthy environments and relationships among officers with concentration of power on the top. In order to provide trusted environments and trust among officers, there is need for more linear type of management, especially in terms of supervisor-subordinate relationships. There is urgent need for reforms at KNP which would focus more on governance and collaborative management style administration. Organizational social capital and organizational citizenship behavior develop strong foundation for trusted relationships and committed actions in communities and organizations. These two concepts were examined in public organization setting in this study. Organizational social capital is a source for trust building process where participative decision-making, feedback on performance, empowerment and interpersonal trust among employees are important elements of this phenomenon. On the other hand, organizational citizenship behavior is a source for entrepreneurship and organizational commitment. The measurement models of four dimensions of organizational social capital (participation, feedback on performance, empowerment and interpersonal trust) and organizational citizenship behavior represented by organizational commitment were examined in this study.; The influence of organizational social capital and organizational citizenship behavior on perceived organizational performance of KNP is observed by utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Moreover, all possible correlations among all dimensions of organizational social capital with each other and with organizational commitment were tested. This study utilizes the data accomplished in 7 regions of Kyrgyzstan and a capital of Bishkek. The total number of respondents participated in the survey were 267 KNP officers from different KNP departments. This study tested eleven hypotheses where nine of them were statically supported. The results of this study indicate that the dimensions of organizational social capital (participation, feedback and empowerment) have statistically significant relationships with perceived organizational performance through mediating variable of interpersonal trust. However, the relationship of participation and feedback with perceived organizational performance through mediating variable of organizational commitment was insignificant. On the other hand, results indicated positive correlations among the three dimensions organizational social capital with high factor loadings. Overall, the results suggest that organizational social capital with its dimensions is the main source of trust-building process which enormously influences perceived organizational performance. Moreover, by practicing empowerment it is possible to increase number of committed officers which is also an important factor in improving organizational performance.ID: 030422941; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 197-208).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Public Affairs
Health and Public Affairs
13
Ataser, Gokhan Alper. "Non-governmental Organizations And Democratization In Post-soviet Kyrgyzstan". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12606883/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the relationship between NGOs and the democratization process in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan. The conditions shaping both the civil society and political development are analysed in the light of findings obtained through in-depth interviews with NGO leaders in Kyrgyzstan. Despite relative freedom for NGOs, civil society in Kyrgyzstan is still in its infancy. Soviet era conception of roles attributed to state and society still persist especially among the governmental officials and general population. Despite the problems of building a democratic regime in Kyrgyzstan, NGOs
have achieved a certain level of development. Through building functioning state institutions together with a lively political society primarily including political parties, the potential of NGOs for democratic development can be more fully utilized.
14
Orozobekova, Almakan [Verfasser] y Tim [Akademischer Betreuer] Epkenhans. "The making of foreign fighters: the case of Kyrgyzstan". Freiburg : Universität, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1236550927/34.
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McLaughlin, Win. "Landscape and Biotic Evolution of the Kochkor Basin, Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23810.
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Kyrgyzstan is the single most seismically active country in the world. Accessing the past, and therefore future hazard of faults, necessitates a high-resolution understanding of the timing of different geologic events. With no radiometrically datable rocks from the Neogene of Kyrgyzstan, I herein present the first work formally describing Neogene vertebrate faunas from the Kochkor Basin of Kyrgyzstan. I utilize a combination of biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy to constrain the timing of when the vertebrate assemblages were emplaced, and have dated the three bone beds to all fall in the latest Miocene, spanning 9-5 million years ago. All four bone beds represent mass death assemblages, inferred to be from drought-caused mortality. The timing of the deposits corresponds to uplift in the Pamirs, Himalayan, and greater Tibetan Plateau, which would have blocked the Indian monsoon from reaching Central Asia, forever altering the climate and biota of the region. This change is reflected in the shifting mammals faunas, as evidenced by the novel rhinocerotid I describe in a phylogeographic context.
16
Lober, Colin W. "Peasant protest in Kyrgyzstan: standing up next to a mountain". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Jun%5FLober.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Regional Studies))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Anne Marie Baylouny, Anne L. Clunan. "June 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-87). Also available in print.
17
Tentieva, Gulkayr J. "Modelling aspects of macroeconomic behaviour in Kyrgyzstan using system dynamics". Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312327.
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The aim of this thesis is to consider two issues that are of particular significance for macroeconomic modelling. These are the existence of post-so'riet transitional economies and the relevance of either Post-Keynesian or Neo-Classical policy advice in the context of dynamic disorder. In this work, I use a methodology called System Dynamics. This prm'ides an alternative, interactive methodology for analysing macro-dynamics. Traditional macroeconomic tools such as Regression Analysis, Time-Series Analysis, Simultaneous Equation Models and the like require many years of unbroken data which does not exist for transitional economies. It is shmt'n that the different approach of System Dynamics can overcome these difficulties. Some of my models of the Kyrgyz Economy used quantity-rationed systems with pulse elements integrated into potential and actual excess demand levels reveal dynamic equilibria, disequilibria and the potential for chaotic behaviour. The d(tJiculties facing macroeconomic management in these conditions and the polrver of the System Dynamics modelling methodology in assisting policy formulation and evaluation are stressed. The key inSights delivered by the models discussed indicate that policy targe/cd at reducing delay lags could be beneficial in alleviating innate tendencies in this economy towards endemic disequilibria in Aggregate Supply and Demand. Morco)'er, due to the potential for chaos existing in the non-linear dynamic economic relationships inherent in the models the relevance (~lpolicy options based on cither extremc Post-Keyncsian or Nco-Classical thinking are questioned. Indeed our Post-Keynesian (zrnamic models contain non-linear dynamic tendencies, 'which parado,Yical(Y yield policy implications consistent with .Yco-Classical thinking.
18
O'Shea, Liam. "Police reform and state-building in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5165.
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This dissertation provides an in-depth study of police transformation in Georgia, Kyrgyzstan and Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union. It draws upon interviews with police, NGO workers, politicians and international practitioners, and employs a comparative-historical approach. Contra to democratic policing approaches, advocating the diffusion of police power and implementation of police reform concurrently with wider democratisation, reform was relatively successful in Georgia after the 2003 Rose Revolution because of state-building. The new government monopolised executive power, fired many police, recruited new personnel, raised police salaries and clamped down on organised crime and corruption. Success also depended on the elite's political will and their appeal to Georgian nationalism. Prioritisation of state-building over democratisation limited the reform's success, however. The new police are politicised and have served elites' private interests. Reform has failed in Kyrgyzstan because of a lack of state-building. Regional, clan and other identities are stronger than Kyrgyz nationalism. This has hindered the formation of an elite with capacity to implement reform. The state has limited control over the police, who remain corrupt and involved in organised crime. State-building has not precipitated police reform in Russia because of the absence of political will. The ruling cohort lacks a vision of reform and relies on corruption to balance the interests of political factions. The contrasting patterns of police reform have a number of implications for democratic police reform in transitioning countries: First, reform depends on political will. Second, institutionalising the police before democratising them may be a more effective means of acquiring the capacity to implement reform. Third, such an approach is likely to require some sort of common bond such as nationalism to legitimate it. Fourth, ignoring democratisation after institutionalisation is risky as reformers can misuse their power for private interests.
19
Ryskulova, Chynarkul. "Faculty Perspectives on Independent Accreditation of Pedagogical Programs in Kyrgyzstan". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1554899148722784.
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Nádvorníková, Martina. "Evaluation of physical properties of rice cultivars grown in Kyrgyzstan". Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-258332.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate physical properties of eight staple rice
cultivars grown and consumed in Kyrgyzstan. The objective was to record and discuss
values of several analysis in sub-sections of basic physical characteristics, textural
characteristics, mechanical characteristics and cooking properties. The physical
properties investigated seed dimensions, equivalent diameter, surface area of the grain,
sphericity, aspect ratio, volume of the grain, bulk and solid density, porosity, thousand
kernel weight, hardness of the grain, colour characteristic, optimum cooking time and
water uptake ratio. Those analysis were performed in the laboratory of Czech University
of Life Sciences and given methodology was strictly followed.
21
Feaux, de la Croix Jeanne. "Moral geographies in Kyrgyzstan : how pastures, dams and holy sites matter in striving for a good life". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1862.
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This thesis is an ethnography of how places like mountain pastures (jailoos), hydro-electric dams and holy sites (mazars) matter in striving for a good life. Based on eighteen months of fieldwork in the Toktogul valley of Kyrgyzstan, this study contributes to theoretical questions in the anthropology of post-socialism, time, space, work and enjoyment. I use the term ‘moral geography’ to emphasize a spatial imaginary that is centred on ideas of ‘the good life’, both ethical and happy. This perspective captures an understanding of jailoos which connects food, health, wealth and beauty. In comparing attitudes towards a Soviet and post-Soviet dam, I reveal changes in the nature of the state, property and collective labour. People in Toktogul hold agentive places like mazars and non-personalized places like dams and jailoos apart, implying not one overarching philosophy of nature, but a world in which types of places have different gradations of object-ness and personhood. I show how people use forms of commemoration as a means of establishing connections between people, claims on land and aspirations of ‘becoming cultured’. I demonstrate how people draw on repertoires of epic or Soviet heroism and mobility in conceiving their life story and agency in shaping events. Different times and places such as ‘eternal’ jailoos and Soviet dams are often collapsed as people derive personal authority from connections to them. Analysing accounts of collectivization and privatization I argue that the Soviet period is often treated as a ‘second tradition’ used to judge the present. People also strive for ‘the good life’ through working practices that are closely linked to the Soviet experience, and yet differ from Marxist definitions of labour. The pervasively high value of work is fed from different, formally conflicting sources of moral authority such as Socialism, Islam and neo-liberal ideals of ‘entrepreneurship’. I discuss how parties, poetry and song bring together jakshylyk (goodness) as enjoyment and virtue. I show how song and poetry act as moral guides, how arman yearning is purposely enjoyed in Kyrgyz music and how it relates to nostalgia and nature imagery. The concept of ‘moral geography’ allows me to investigate how people strive for well-being, an investigation that is just as important as focusing on problem-solving and avoiding pain. It also allows an analysis of place and time that holds material interactions, moral ideals, economic and political dimensions in mind.
22
Zalánová, Zuzana. "Tulip Revolution: Expectations versus Reality". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-85930.
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The dissertation deals with the phenomenon of hybrid regimes, specifically applied to the case of Kyrgyzstan. The main emphasis is placed on the 2005 Tulip Revolution and the regime of Kurmanbek Bakiyev installed by this event. Applying the theoretical concepts of hybrid regimes and regime change, the dissertation verifies the hypothesis that Kyrgyzstan's post-2005 political system retained its hybrid character and kept being neither a democracy nor an authoritarian regime. In this light, the Tulip Revolution brought about only a change of the leadership (as usual in coups d'état), not regime change (as might have been ushered by a democratic revolution).
23
Pritchard, Maureen Elizabeth Christine. "Legends borne by life myth, grieving and the circulation of knowledge within Kyrgyz contexts /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1243965149.
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Reynolds, Rebecca Jane. "Locating persons : an ethnography of personhood and place in rural Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4006/.
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This thesis is an anthropological investigation of the interconnections between personhood and place in rural northern Kyrgyzstan. It studies the way people negotiate and experience relations with others and with the places in which they live and work. It is based on 18 months of fieldwork carried out in Kochkor raion between June 2006 and August 2008. I look at how the interplay between conceptual forms and everyday practices constitute personhood. I show how both formal ways of reckoning kinship, such as recounting genealogies and tracing back seven generations of male ancestors, and everyday forms of socialising are both integral in what it means to be a person, and are flexible in their designation of persons of the same kind and persons that are different. I go on to show how place holds particular significance for the attribution and negotiation of personhood, but that this meaning is emergent and processual. Providing an historical overview of the linking of persons to places by successive bureaucratic structures, I highlight how understanding places as “cultured” or “pure” have important consequences for how people understand themselves and others as more or less “Kyrgyz”, more or less “modern”. I show how recent reworkings of the meaning of “lineage places” following privatisation and village resettlement have led to changing forms of personhood, shifting from state farm worker to independent farmer. Other kinds of places are also meaningful for personhood. I highlight how the home and the objects it contains are active in the negotiation of a daughter-in-law’s personhood. I examine everyday practices of caring for the home, as well as more unusual practices of building new kinds of homes. These practices are integral to varied personhoods such as being a village daughter-in-law, or seeing oneself as “modern”. These personhoods and relationships with place are subject to ongoing negotiation, and death and grief disrupt these connections. A focus on emotion both within ritual practice and during grief lived everyday enables a better understanding of how personhood emerges from intersubjective processes which involve negotiation, rejection and incorporation of social and political processes. A focus on the co-production of place and personhood allows us to see both as becoming meaningful through these interactions.
25
Hughes, Anna. "Access to Higher Education for Rural Students in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4790.
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A disparity in access to higher education exists between rural and urban regions of the world. Equal access to higher education for students from rural areas is a priority for government leaders in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. This study addressed the problem of lower-than-expected enrollment of students from rural areas at branches of the International Mountainous University (IMU, pseudonym) located in rural regions of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions of 10 IMU students about gaining access to higher education. Informed by the theory of habitus, the research questions focused on perceptions of (a) the experience of gaining access and (b) sacrifices related to gaining access to higher education. Transcripts of individual, open-ended interviews were analyzed using elemental coding and verified through member checking. Four themes emerged: (a) academic barriers, (b) information and communication barriers, (c) support, and (d) material and nonmaterial sacrifices. Findings led to the development of a white paper recommending that IMU establish partnerships with high schools, develop parent outreach programs, and introduce inclusive admissions practices. Positive social change may result from providing IMU with program and policy recommendations that support the institution's vision of increased access to education for rural residents of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.
26
Paulone, Sara. "Essays on Economic and Social aspects of emigration: Evidence from Kyrgyzstan". Doctoral thesis, Università di Siena, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11365/1072628.
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This dissertation investigates - from an empirical perspective - two social implications of emigration in the migrant countries of origin: (1) whether emigration
contributes to changes in gender norms; (2) whether emigration contributes to
alcohol consumption. In fact, the empirical evidence produced in this analysis
confirms the presence of these two channels, suggesting that emigration affects
negatively the development of the origin country. A discussion on the persistence
of the phenomenon requires to explore its causes, since they may be related to
either structural or short-term reasons. A crucial element in this regard is represented by the weakness of the labour market. On the one hand, the lack of
vacancies enhances the incentive of people to migrate; on the other hand, informal jobs usually entail low social protection - due to unregular payments and
the absence of an health insurance - and may push workers to leave the country
and search for better working conditions, especially when the likelihood to find
a formal job is very low. The third chapter offers a discussion on these issues,
while a direct exploration of the relationship between international migration and
emplotment condition is the purpose of future researches.
27
Botoiarova, Nuska. "Islamic Fundamentalism In Post-soviet Uzbekistan And Kyrgyzstan: Real Or Imagined Threat". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606058/index.pdf.
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Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, there has been much concern among observers and analysts around the world over what role Islam is to play in the political, economic and social spheres of life in newly independent Central Asian states. Traditionally, Islam is the dominant faith, but had been strongly influenced by the Soviet atheist ideology during the last seven decades before Central Asia became independent in 1991. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, some observers in the West depicted Central Asia as an extension of the Middle East, invoking fears that Islamic fundamentalism was to pose a serious threat to the stability in the region of Central Asia. In this thesis I analyzed the dynamism of Islamic revival in Central Asia&rsquos two post-Soviet states of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan through the prism of the imported phenomenon of &lsquo
Islamic fundamentalism&rsquo
. The thesis demonstrates that Islam in Central Asia is a natural process determined primarily by internal socio-economic and political conditions and not influenced by outside forces. In order to support this argument, I approached the problem by analyzing both external factors and internal conditions. The concluding argument is that even if Islam is to be radicalized it will be because of internal factors, such as authoritarianism, violation of human rights and repression of moderate manifestations of Islam from within, rather than because of the influence of Islamic fundamentalist forces from abroad.
28
Nedoluzhko, Lesia. "Demographic Journeys along the Silk Road : Marriage, Childbearing, and Migration in Kyrgyzstan". Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75723.
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This thesis contributes to the limited demographic literature on Central Asia – the region through which led the great Silk Road – an ancient route of trade and cultural exchange between East and West. We focus on Kyrgyzstan and countries in its immediate neighborhood: Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. We analyze the dynamic interplay between marriage, childbearing, and migration, and examine fertility intentions and intentions to migrate as predictors of demographic outcomes. The thesis consists of four co-authored and one single-authored paper connected through a common theme of ethno-cultural differences in demographic behavior. In the first three studies, we explore the link between migration and family formation. We demonstrate that increased fertility of recent migrants is attributable to marriage-related resettlements. In paper four, we provide an analysis of intentions to move abroad. Our results suggest that ethnicity plays a significant role, independent of other factors, in determining migration plans and preferences, and detect ethnic-specific effects of marriage, childbearing, and social capital on the inclination to migrate. In paper five, we compare the fertility and fertility intentions of ethnic majority and minority groups in three neighboring countries of the region. We explain fertility differentials between ethnic groups in terms of the combined effects of their status in society, country-level differences in institutional settings, and historical and cultural factors.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 5: Manuscript.
29
Aitieva, Medina. "Gender and ethnic differences in migration of young adults in contemporary Kyrgyzstan". Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1265465.
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This study uses two survey data - one conducted in Kyrgyzstan and another in the United States - to examine the effect of familial responsibilities, cultural expectations and tradition in Kyrgyzstan on young adults' decision to marry a foreigner. It predicted there would be certain gender and ethnic differences in migration of 18 to 30 years old young adults, citizens of Kyrgyzstan. Two assumptions were explored: 1) females, more than males, would like to marry a foreigner and stay in a foreign country and 2) Russian, more than Turkic respondents would like to stay in a foreign country if they found a mate who was a foreigner. These differences were expected due to contrasting familial responsibilities of females versus males and Russian versus Turkic young people. Familial responsibilities did not explain the gender and ethnic differences in marriage migration. The gender variable suggests further investigation whereas the ethnic differences show a stronger effect on the marriage migration. Russians, more than Turkic young adults, wanted to marry a foreigner since they wanted to emigrate from Kyrgyzstan eventually and did not want to return.Department of Sociology
30
Aitieva, Medina. "Reconstituting transnational families : an ethnography of family practices between Kyrgyzstan and Russia". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/reconstituting-transnational-families-an-ethnography-of-family-practices-between-kyrgyzstan-and-russia(8216e73e-8a34-4315-8485-a16c6cf2e19e).html.
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This dissertation examines transnational family practices between Kyrgyzstan and Russia. Post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan experienced intensive internal and external mobilities. As one of the poorest Soviet republics, independent Kyrgyzstan continued to battle with poverty and high unemployment, which pushed nearly 20% of its population to seek jobs internationally. Transnational families have become a norm for Kyrgyzstan that receives the equivalent of one-third of its GDP in remittances. Using the transnational perspective, I explored the role of migration in reconstituting 'family practices' (Morgan, 1996, 2013). In a multi-sited ethnography of family life between Alcha village and Yakutsk city, the study demonstrates the everyday lives of transnational family members maintaining ties across time and space. Treating families as groups of configurations, rather than households, the study illustrates the multitude of family and kin relationships and networks that family members are embedded in. Through the examination of remittances and monetary ties, communal celebrations, arrangements of caregiving in migrants' absence, the study describes the contradictory effects of migration. I argue that migration has dramatically transformed and reconstituted family life. Divided and fragmented, Kyrgyzstani transnational families continued to maintained strong ties with home. I demonstrate that transnational families coped with the contradictory consequences of migration that shifted the family meanings, practices, constitution, and architecture of Kyrgyz family lives. The dissertation argues that Kyrgyzstani families, characterized by extended family relations, are nonetheless increasingly engaged in nuclear family type of relations in the transnational social fields.
31
Moreton, Elly. "Mapping memories and rebuilding identities : understanding post-conflict reconstruction in Osh (Kyrgyzstan)". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6304/.
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Following the devastating riots that took place there in June 2010, the city of Osh (Kyrgyzstan) has been the subject of a number of post-conflict reconstruction projects aimed at rebuilding its damaged urban fabric. As well as being varied in form and approach, these interventions have had a significant impact on the ways that Osh's citizens experience the city. Whilst some residents have welcomed the changes that have been brought about in Osh, others are concerned about what these might mean for their continued wellbeing in the city. By interrogating the shifting relationships between place, identity and collective memory, this thesis explores post-conflict reconstruction in Osh between 2010 and 2013. It seeks to build a clearer picture of urban change in the city over this period, and to unpack the diverse motivations that underpinned the reconstruction projects that were pursued or proposed at that time. Above all, it asks what these changes have meant for Osh residents, many of whom were still reeling from the violence that ripped the city apart in 2010.
32
Murzabekov, Marat. "Political Pasture : A Governmentality Analysis of Community-Based Pasture Management in Kyrgyzstan". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-320303.
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This thesis seeks to understand the development and implementation of the community-based pasture management policy in Kyrgyzstan, which transferred the responsibility for pasture-use planning from state administrative organs to local community-based organizations. Using document analysis, this thesis contextualizes the emergence and evolution of the policy’s key premises, including the advantages of community-based management compared to state-centered management. Using interviews and observations, this thesis draws out individual experiences of herders, forestry service officials and the members of pasture committees with the implementation of the policy in the Kadamzhai district of Kyrgyzstan. Findings suggest that historical continuities in pasture governance play an important role in the functioning of such policies. On the national level, the reliance of the state on the Soviet administrative and territorial division has reinforced pasture-use fragmentation, where different institutional actors struggle for authority over pastures. These struggles can be observed on the local level, where the implementation of policy is often challenged by forestry officials believing in the advantages of the Soviet fortress conservation, rather than community-based management. Second, the local outcomes of policy depend on the compliant or resistant subject positions of individuals involved in pasture use. Policy implementation succeeded in the recruitment of compliant pasture committee chairmen, who claim to be interested in bringing good to the communities through steering the use of pastures. However, the procedures for the establishment of committees contributed to their top-down functioning, where herders often consider the committees as a state agency and find different strategies to avoid their imposed payments.
33
Tuttle, Tiffany L. "Old designs for young people art, innovation and cultural continuity in Kyrgyzstan /". Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2005/t%5Ftuttle%5F050205.pdf.
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Sharshenova, Aizhan. "European Union democracy promotion in Central Asia : implementation in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/13122/.
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The EU has made the area of democracy, human rights, rule of law and good governance a top cooperation priority under the framework of the EU Strategy towards Central Asia. The inclusion of strong normative elements into the Strategy was both due to the EU’s commitment to democratic principles and the lack of democratisation progress in Central Asia. This thesis examines two interrelated question: To what extent has EU democracy promotion in Central Asia been successful, and why? Focusing on the implementation of EU democracy promotion instruments the thesis has made three original contributions. First, it adds to the existing research on democracy promotion mechanisms and provides a comprehensive analytical framework for evaluation of democracy promotion, inclusive of factors which may facilitate or impede democracy promotion in Central Asia. Second, this thesis demonstrates the validity of a holistic approach to analysing factors impeding democracy promotion. It acknowledges that a variety of diverse factors affect external democracy promotion and their impact can vary as international, regional and domestic conditions change. Third, two original case studies were presented and analysed with taking into consideration relevant contextual conditions, which might affect the design, implementation and outcomes of EU democracy promotion. Case study approach offers a highly contextual solution to examining external democracy promotion. It allows for a depth of analysis and adds to the existing body of literature, which usually either focuses on individual democracy promotion projects or provides a shallow overview of EU activities in Central Asia. The thesis focused on the stable and rich authoritarian Kazakhstan and poorer Kyrgyzstan prone to political instability but also to democratic openings. The case studies represented the country with more strategic importance for the EU (Kazakhstan) and the country with less strategic importance for the EU (Kyrgyzstan) in order to see how non normative interests interfere with normative interests.
35
Hanova, Selbi. "Understanding Central Asian cooperation through state narratives : cases of Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11096.
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This thesis examines the influence of state identity narratives on regional cooperation frameworks in Central Asia. It applies the perspectives of ontological security theory to the self-articulation of state identities of Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan to decipher socialization mechanisms in each of the cases. Consequently, it traces the routinization of the state narratives of Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan toward the region and regional organizations. Ontological security theory argues that, in addition to physical security, states seek ideational security, security of identity and security of being. Using a grounded theory approach to study the formation of the state narratives of Kyrgyzstan and of Turkmenistan and utilizing official and media sources and interviews conducted during fieldwork, the thesis analyzes the process of routinization of state identity narratives, showcasing the narrators, the narratives and the processes of self-articulation. The key process that is traced is the routinization of the state narratives, i.e. the sequence of repeated actions (inter-textualized through speech acts and textual references) that transform the self-articulated stories of the states into the realm of the habitual. This process of routinization is then analyzed within the regional context, examining how these routinized narratives influence inter-state cooperation in Central Asia. As such, the thesis contributes to two main bodies of literature: the growing literature on the ideational aspects of regional cooperation in Central Asia; and existing research on the role of state identification practices in the foreign policies of Central Asian states.
36
Smart, Jason Jay. "Russian Influence and Kyrgyz Weakness: A Realist Understanding of Kyrgyz National Interest". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/24761.
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This thesis explores whether the Kyrgyz Republic has operated in its national interest during the post-September 11, 2001 era by examining the Kyrgyz government’s decisions in the cases of the American and Russian military installations leased within Kyrgyzstan. It uses a Realist approach to “national interest” and explains whether and how the Kyrgyz Republic’s decisions increased its defense capabilities, improved its financial situation and created a better political environment in which to operate. The study employed news sources in English and Russian, recently released U.S. State Department diplomatic cables, qualitative analyses by regional experts and quantitative data from government bodies. I contend that it is consistent with Kyrgyz national interest to close the American base while maintaining the Russian military presence; the Russian Federation’s support of the Kyrgyz Republic is apparently conditional on expulsion of the American bases. The analysis suggests that a more thorough understanding of how the Kyrgyz Republic conceptualizes its national interest can help international policy makers formulate more effective strategies to collaborate with it.Master of Arts
37
Paulson, Kathryn. "Generation of Structural Relief by Fault Propagation Folding, Tien Shan, Kyrgzstan". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/13426.
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The southern margin of the Kochkor Basin in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan is actively shortening. The South Kochkor Fault, a reverse fault that places Paleozoic granite on Neogene sediments, varies in displacement from 0-2 km while the structural relief across the basin margin is 4 km. North of the fault, a 2 km thick panel of steeply-dipping to overturned sediments exhibits flexural shearing. This steep section is bounded by limbs of gently-dipping beds to the north and south. Northward, Neogene section is thrust over late Quaternary deposits in two younger episodes of faulting: the Akchop Hills Fault and the Aigyrdzal Hills Fault. Through 1:25,000 scale mapping I have demonstrated that of structural relief in the area is shared by fault propagation folding and faulting on a steep, reverse fault that shallows into a detachment.
A complete geologic map of Kochkor, Kyrgyzstan is included with this thesis as a supplemental file.
38
Fumagalli, Matteo. "The dynamics of Uzbek ethno-political mobilization in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan (1991-2003)". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29111.
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This dissertation investigates the strategies and forms of Uzbek ethno-political mobilization in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. In particular, research asks why Uzbek communities in those two countries did not resort to ethnically motivated violence as many either predicted or feared, but have turned to a “quiet politics” of identity and ethnicity. Reconciling state and national identities ahs proved remarkably complex in Central Asia, given that all the five republics in the region are home to a largely heterogeneous population. Understanding what place state elites have allocated to non titular groups, and how these relate themselves to the new polity offers an interesting vantage point on the process of post-Soviet transformation. This is particularly the case as ethnic minority mobilization represents a relatively unexplored field of research in scholarship on post-communist Eurasia. This dissertation seeks to fill this gap by developing a focused comparison of Uzbek minorities in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan from 1991 until 2003. Through a combination of various quantitative (small-scale surveys) and qualitative methods (semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis) structural, ideational, and agential factors are taken into account. It is the contention of this thesis that Uzbek political behaviour can be explained as a product of a strategic calculation from the leaders of the Uzbek community in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan that any change in the administration would leave them “worse off”, despite existing and un-addressed political and cultural demands. This has shaped a counter-intuitive type of mobilization, supportive of the status quo in the state structure of power. A focus on ideas and agency also accounts for variations between the two cases. In particular group leadership appears more articulate and vocal in Kyrgyzstan, whereas it lies in a state of virtual collapse in Tajikistan.
39
Kupatadze, Alexander. "‘Transitions after transitions’ : coloured revolutions and organized crime in Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1320.
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This dissertation addresses organized crime in post-Soviet Eurasia (Georgia, Ukraine, Kyrgyzstan) exploring the nexus between politics, business and crime. Based on extensive field research in the three countries the dissertation examines organized crime groups in the region and describes their inter-relationships with political and business elites, then discusses the impact of the three countries’ Coloured Revolutions on crime and corruption. The impacts of the revolutions on organized crime are situated in several variables, among them political opposition to incumbent regimes; the strength of civil society and the role of organized crime groups during the revolutionary processes; personal morals of the leaders and their views on cooperation with organized crime; and the presence and nature of the “pact” between outgoing and incoming elites. The dissertation also takes into account larger explanatory variables, such as geography, natural resources, industry, and regional wars and documents their role in shaping organized crime. In accounting for the diverging patterns of the three countries in terms of post-revolutionary effects on crime and corruption, the role of the West, defined as a “push” factor for democratization, and the experience of earlier statehood are also considered. The interaction between elites and criminals is regarded as a crucial part of state formation, and is characterized by shifting dominance between the actors of the underworld and upperworld. The thesis identifies points of cooperation and conflict between licit and illicit actors, and provides insight into the collusive nature of criminal networks in the post-Soviet context, arguing that the distinction between licit and illicit is frequently blurred and the representatives of the upperworld are sometimes key participants in organized criminal activity.
40
Hoare, Joanna. "Gender and active citizenship in the context of international development intervention in Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2014. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/20299/.
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Working within a theoretical framework that draws on feminist critiques of how concepts of gender equality, civil society, activism, and citizenship have been instrumentalised within 'development', this thesis considers the evolution of donor-funded, gender-focused development policy and programme in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, since the country became independent in 1991, and how this has shaped what it means to be involved in 'gender activism' (activities that in some way promote a positive shift in gender relations). I begin by considering how Soviet equalities policy, the unwritten Soviet social contract, and the realities of everyday Soviet life, as well as the impacts of post-independence economic and political transition, created particular understandings of citizenship, gender equality, and women's rights in Kyrgyzstan. Foreign donors arriving into this environment in the 1990s facilitated the growth of the country's NGO sector in the interests of building 'civil society' (seen as integral to the process of democratisation and to delivering aid), and brought with them alternative understandings of these concepts, which those active in NGOs were expected to adopt. I explore how women and men active in this sector negotiate, contest, and accommodate these competing agendas, as well as the power relations that have developed within the gender-focused NGO sector in particular. The findings are based on qualitative research (in-depth, semi-structured interviews, and observation of three case study groups), carried out between July 2009 and April 2010 in Bishkek. I argue that the representation of civil society and the gender-focused NGO sector in Kyrgyzstan as donor-led and out of touch with wider society that has come to dominate the literature on development in this region masks complex processes of contestation and negotiation, as well as the deeply held commitments of those active within it to 'helping' others and participating in bringing about progressive social change.
41
Abdurahmonov, Ahad. "The role of energy resources in foreign policy behavior of small states a comparative study of Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan /". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=2065747431&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hünninghaus, Anke. "Management von Biosphärenreservaten in Transformationsländern dargestellt am Beispiel des Biosphärenreservats Issyk-Köl in Kyrgyzstan /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964626217.
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Oraz, Secil. "Political Leadership And Democratic Transition: The Case Of Askar Akaev In Post-soviet Kyrgyzstan". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608633/index.pdf.
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This thesis analyzes the role of political leadership in post-Soviet democratic transition in Kyrgyzstan by looking at the case of Askar Akaev. Despite the fact that a variety of components can be considered as relevant for the democratic transition process in Kyrgyzstan, due to the highly personalistic nature of Kyrgyz politics, the issue of political leadership needs to be addressed for this purpose. In that sense, the converse trajectories of Kyrgyz democratization (an initial democratic leap till mid-1990s which attracted world-wide attention and made Kyrgyzstan a promising candidate for democratization, afterward a democratic reversion and finally a slip to authoritarianism) correspond to the three stages in Akaev’
s political leadership style (his emergence as a reform-minded politician, his initial liberal policies in political and economic spheres and his gradual reversion to authoritarianism). As a result, when Askar Akaev was ousted from his office in March 2005 by a public protest, Kyrgyzstan was far away from its world-wide accepted initial trajectory to democracy and became more similar to other authoritarian Central Asian Republics
44
Piaro, Bemene. "Assessment of the Impact of the Mercy Corps Kyrgyzstan Food for Education 2010 Program". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/282.
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Undernutrition is a major public health problem, contributing to 33% of deaths in infants and young children globally. In Kygryzstan, Central Asia, Mercy Corps provided 6 metric tons of rice, flour and oil as well as nutritional education to kindergartens in 40 rural regions, serving 41,000 children, for one year. Anthropometric measurements were collected at the beginning and end of the program. Children, who were stunted, wasted and underweight at baseline, recovered by follow-up, with rates of recovery of 50%, 65% and 50%, respectively. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight in the population decreased from 13.8%, 3.4% and 3.2%, respectively, to 8.6%, 2.1% and 2.3%, respectively. This study shows that preschool feeding programs have the potential to improve nutritional outcome. These results are particularly significant as the dearth of research on preschool feeding’s impact on growth and nutrition has led to this particular intervention being deemed ineffective for improvement of nutritional outcome.
45
Bozgunchie, Maratbek y Katsuki Ito. "Avoidable Mortality Measured by Years of Potential Life Lost (YPLL) Aged 5 Before 65 Years in Kyrgyzstan, 1989-2003". Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7480.
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Engvall, Johan. "The State as Investment Market : An Analytical Framework for Interpreting Politics and Bureaucracy in Kyrgyzstan". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-159378.
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What type of state has emerged in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan, and what kind of theoretical framework must we develop to understand its behavior and performance? This study argues that the logic of political and bureaucratic organization follows that of an investment market in which public offices are purchased with the expectation of yielding a favorable return. This theory represents a novel perspective on the post-communist state which has hitherto either been premised on modernization theory or emphasized a robustly personalistic logic of political organization. There is a serial of linkages to this argument. First, the decisive factor for public employment is unofficial financial payments rather than merits or personal ties. The sums involved in the exchange are far greater than conventional “bribery.” The market for public offices, intimately connected from top to bottom in the state hierarchy, pertains to a much more unified system than the one found in the literature which treats political and administrative, high and low level corruption as distinct and unrelated forms. Second, individuals invest in public offices in order to convert the rights, assets and powers connected to officialdom into private capital. In this political economy, alternative markets for enrichment are subordinated to the state and poorly functioning. Third, the abundance of pecuniary corruption in Kyrgyzstan is standardized, entrenched and predictable norms of behavior in this type of state. The key to success on this market is the ability to control the supply of “public” goods and services in exchange for unofficial payments. Finally, the risk for systemic instability increases when more reasonably inclusive personal connections and money is no longer sufficient and access to the state for earning and investing is manipulated by narrow personalistic ties. This creates pressure for returning to a more competitive market as opposed to a monopolistic order.
47
Spence, Matthew John. "The impact of American democracy promotion in post-Soviet Russia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan, 1991-2003". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408207.
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Jailobaeva, Kanykey Bayalieva. "Return of the state to development : the state, donors, and NGOs in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5927.
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The thesis explores international donors’ promotion of civil society in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan since the mid 2000s with a particular focus on how policy changes in the promotion of civil society have influenced Kyrgyz non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and their relations with the state. The thesis is based on tenmonths field research, which involved ninety semi-structured interviews with nineteen donors, forty-seven NGOs, six community based organisations, and three representatives of local authorities, together with two small-scale surveys with twenty-five NGO employees and thirty-three NGO leaders. The key finding is that donors’ focus on civil society promotion in Kyrgyzstan has decreased since the mid 2000s rather their agenda now aims at state capacity-building. Donors’ more limited funding to NGOs is targeted toward the promotion of NGOs’ advocacy role and the encouragement of collaborative relations between NGOs and the state. These findings indicate a shift from donors’ civil society promotion in the 1990s where the key stress was on building civil society in Kyrgyzstan from scratch. Consequently, the thesis discusses the return of the state to donor agenda and the interaction between the state, donors, and NGOs in Kyrgyzstan. These changes have impacted the NGOs sector in Kyrgyzstan. The research has revealed that, as a result of these changes, NGOs are becoming more professional and formal. The thesis argues that reduced donor funding has resulted in a stronger competition among NGOs for funds, while increased interaction with the state institutions has also placed pressure on NGOs to become more professional and to increase their institutional capacity. The thesis suggests that relations between the state and NGOs are characterised by apparently contradictory elements in which both cooperation and counterbalance feature. Notwithstanding the prevailing trend toward NGO professionalisation and formalisation, the thesis argues that NGOs also display other features such as voluntarism, philanthropy, and constituency responsiveness. Consequently, the thesis makes a contribution to the literature on civil society in Central Asia by providing a detailed account of the complex and diverse NGO sector in Kyrgyzstan.
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Handrahan, Lori M. "Gendering United States democratic assistance in Kyrgyzstan : understanding the implications and impact of gendered ethnicity". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1626/.
Texto completoResumen
Democracy, anticipated by American and other Western powers to prevent economic chaos and political conflict within and among states, is not evolving as expected. Since 1991, Western governments have been providing large amounts of democratic assistance to the Former Soviet Union yet few, if any, of the recipient countries have developed into genuine democracies. This research argues that part of the failure resides in United States (US) democracy assistance's inadequate consideration of gender within democracy programming. The lack of effective gender analysis has not only been detrimental to women but has served to obscure comprehensive and vital components of democratic transitions. The field research conducted for this dissertation demonstrates: (I) that gender is more central to women's self- identification than ethnicity; (2) that the meaning, as well as significance, attached to ethnic identity vary between women and men; (3) that there is a greater male identification with ethnicity and with official identities such as citizenship; and (4) that women are more fully involved in the associations that make up civil society than men. Feminist and socio-political science theories are utilised to examine the interrelations of ethnicity and gender within modern Kyrgyzstan-the laboratory of US democratic programming and a country self-promoted as the "island of democracy" within a region prone to ethnic conflict, divided by gender and of geo-political strategic importance. US development practice provides the contextual frame for exploring the relationship of gender and ethnicity. As civil society is a mainstay in US democracy assistance, this so-called independent variable in democratic consolidation is used as a micro framework in this analysis. Gender/feminist theory provides a crosscutting tool intended to expand the theories, data, and analysis of this research to include a gendered perspective. The case study and corresponding field research test the hypothesis that ethnicity is gendered and that it is relevant to democracy assistance. Finally, the conclusion considers the unexplored nexus surrounding these relationships relative to US democratic assistance programming.
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Aslan, Halil Kursad. "International Labor Migration from Rural Central Asia: The Potential for Development in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1303769315.
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