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1
Saint-Fort, Hugues. "Yon istwa òtograf kreyòl ayisyen". Rechèch Etid Kreyòl 1, n.º 1 (28 de octubre de 2022): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.57222/uiaw5494.
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Atik sa a bay yon apèsi sou istwa òtograf lang kreyòl ayisyen (Kreyòl). Li divize an 3 pati. Premye pati a fè yon rale tou piti sou ki jan yo te konn ekri kreyòl sou tan lakoloni, epi li eksplore ki jan yo te ekri kreyòl sòti nan ane 1940 yo pou rive nan mitan ane 1950 yo. Dezyèm pati a konsidere devlòpman òtograf kreyòl pandan ane 1950 yo jiska ane 1980. Twazyèm pati a etidye evolisyon òtograf kreyòl depi ane 1980 jiska epòk kontanporen an. Istwa sa a montre evolisyon yon òtograf ki, malgre enfliyans ekriti lang franse nan sosyete ayisyen an ansanm avèk yon kontèks sosyal difisil, reyisi tounen yon veritab sistèm grafik regilye, otonòm, epi fasil pou tout moun aprann san pwoblèm. Mo kle: Òtograf fonemik/fonolojik, fonèm, grafèm, refòm òtografik, lang kreyòl ayisyen.
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Accilien, Rose F. "Li ak Ekri an Kréyol / Kréyol Literacy: Yon Responsablite Pésonél / A Personal Responsibility". Caribbean Studies 52, n.º 2 (julio de 2024): 105–17. https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2024.a953894.
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Rezime: Represyon lengwistik se yon zak ki danjere paske li dekouraje itilizasyon lang yon nasyon, sa ki anpeche pwodiksyon konesans. Yon aktivis k ap travay ak silvikiltè nan Papay, Ayiti, te di: "si nou te ka aprann, kreye, travay, ak fè komès nan pwòp lang pa nou, petèt pitit nou yo pa ta bezwen peri nan lanmè ap chèche lavi." Atik refleksyon sa a egzamine enpak lit lang Ayiti a, kote fransè domine edikasyon, pandan Kreyòl kontinye ap rankontre opozisyon malgre dè dizèn lane aktivis lengwis yo mete sou pye. Dapre pwòp eksperyans ensekirite ak chòk lengwistik mwen, m ap ensiste sou nesesite aprann li ak ekri Kreyòl kòm yon zouti kont represyon epi kòm yon modèl pou jenerasyon k ap vini yo. Temwayaj sa a vize pou enspire Ayisyen ak alye yo pou sipòte lekti ak ekriti an Kreyòl epi ofri yon nouvo pèspektiv sou enpak mondyal represyon lang. Abstract: Language oppression is harmful as a deliberate act that discourages the use of a nation's language, hindering knowledge production. An activist working with silviculturists in Papaye, Haiti, highlighted this harm, stating, "If we could learn, create, work, and trade in our own language, maybe our children would not have to perish at sea trying to live." This reflective essay examines the impact of linguistic struggles in Haiti, where French dominates education and Kreyòl faces opposition despite decades of activism. Drawing from my own experiences with linguistic insecurity and trauma, I emphasize the need for Kreyòl literacy as a tool against oppression and a model for future generations. This testimony aims to inspire Haitians and allies to support reading and writing in Kreyòl and offer new perspectives on the global impact of language oppression. Résumé: L'oppression linguistique est un acte pernicieux qui décourage l'utilisation de la langue locale, ce qui entrave la production de connaissances. Une activiste travaillant auprès de sylviculteurs à Papaye, en Haïti, a mis en évidence ce préjudice en déclarant: « Si nous pouvions apprendre, créer, travailler et commercer dans notre propre langue, peut-être que nos enfants n'auraient pas à périr en mer en cherchant à vivre ». Cette réflexion examine l'impact des tensions linguistiques en Haïti, où le français domine l'éducation et où le kreyòl fait face à une opposition malgré des décennies d'activisme. En m'inspirant de mes propres expériences en matière d'insécurité linguistique et de traumatisme, j'insiste sur la nécessité d'apprendre à lire et à ècrire en kreyòl comme outil de lutte contre l'oppression et comme modèle pour les générations futures. Ce témoignage vise à inspirer l'appui à la lecture et l'ècriture en kreyòl par le peuple haïtien et ses alliés, et à offrir de nouvelles perspectives sur l'impact global de l'oppression linguistique. Resumen: La supresión lingüística es una práctica dañina que impide el uso de las lenguas locales, limitando con ello la generación y transmisión de conocimientos. Una activista que colabora con silvicultores en Papaye, Haití, ilustra esta problemática al afirmar: "si pudiéramos aprender, crear, trabajar y comerciar en nuestra propia lengua, tal vez nuestros hijos no tendrían que perecer en el mar intentando vivir". Este artículo examina el impacto de las luchas lingüísticas en Haití, donde el francés predomina en la educación mientras el kreyòl enfrenta resistencia, incluso tras décadas de activismo. A través de una reflexión basada en experiencias personales de inseguridad lingüística y trauma, se destaca la lectoescritura en kreyòl no solo como herramienta de resistencia frente a la represión, sino también como modelo transformador para las nuevas generaciones. Este testimonio busca fomentar acciones a favor del kreyòl, particularmente en el ámbito de la lectoescritura, y aportar perspectivas críticas sobre los impactos sociopolíticos de la supresión lingüística a nivel global.
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Govain, Renauld. "Fenomèn sandi e pwoblèm òtograf an kreyòl ayisyen : Kèk pwopozisyon". Rechèch Etid Kreyòl 1, n.º 1 (28 de octubre de 2022): 203–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.57222/rind8939.
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Rezime Grafi kreyòl ayisyen an, yo ofisyalize an janvye 1980, genyen yon karaktè fonografik epi li baze sou yon prensip yo rele devyans maksimal. Tout moun aksepte li e adopte li, men genyen kèk eleman ki konsène fenomèn lengwistik yo rele sandi a ki poze pwoblèm nan fason nou dwe ekri yo. Nan sans sa a, tankou kreyòl matinikè ak gwadloupeyen, pa egzanp, grafi kreyòl ayisyen an fè objè aksyon revizyon, pou nou pa di refòm. Se sa ki te mennen nan òganizasyon atelye refleksyon DeGraff (2013) oubyen nan « Premye rezolisyon sou òtograf lang kreyòl ayisyen » (AKA, 2013) Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen te pibliye 1e jen 2017. Sepandan, ni youn, ni lòt pa abòde eleman espesifik sa yo ki, poutan, bay pwoblèm nan pratik ekriti lanng nan. Kontribisyon sa a pwopoze yon mányè rezone pou òtografye eleman sa yo. Li pwopoze tou itilizasyon trèdinyon, aksantegi, fason yo dwe ekri adjektif nimeral kadinal yo, mo aglitine yo, mo ki konpoze avèk plizyè eleman epi li montre vwayèl [ũ] oun an pa yon fonèm ki pètinan nan lanng nan. Pwopozisyon yo chita sou yon vize didaktik ki apiye sou yon reyalite kote ekriti marye avèk aktivite lekti ki fòme ak li yon relasyon Kòkòt ak Figawo. Mo kle: Grafi, òtograf, sandi, kreyòl ayisyen, devyans maksimal.
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DeGraff, Michel, William Scott Frager y Haynes Miller. "Language Policy in Haitian Education: A History of Conflict over the Use of Kreyòl as Language of Instruction". Journal of Haitian Studies 28, n.º 2 (septiembre de 2022): 33–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2022.a901944.
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Abstract: Language-in-education policy in Haiti has historically favored French as the language of instruction from the earliest levels of primary school. This has contributed to preventing most children from the monolingual Kreyòl-speaking majority from receiving a quality education, succeeding in school, and accessing the means for socioeconomic progress. Though this has been recognized as a problem since the nation’s independence from France in 1804, this language-based exclusion has yet to be properly addressed. Through an analysis of publicly available documents produced by the Ministry of Education and relevant stakeholders, this article provides a historical overview of Haitian language-in-education policy followed by a critical evaluation of the documents’ contents. The historical overview is split into two parts. First, we summarize policy from independence through 1979, when Kreyòl was first legalized as both language of instruction (LOI) and as object of instruction (OOI). Second, we consider major education-policy documents starting from the pro-Kreyòl reform of Minister of Education Joseph C. Bernard (1979–1982) through November 3, 2022, when we submitted this article for review toward publication. Our evaluation of these documents reveals that, while Kreyòl has made gains from a longitudinal perspective, Bernard’s famous reform has been repeatedly mischaracterized to justify policies that promote French as LOI. Moreover, the Ministry has tended to adopt early-exit transitional language policies (early transition from Kreyòl to French as LOI) that are known to fail (as opposed to more successful additive approaches, such as mother-tongue-based multilingual education ), and student success is often predicated on quickly achieving the unrealistic second-language-attainment goal of balanced bilingualism . This goal favors children from elite francophone households, whereas the goal of functional bilingualism is more well-adapted and realistic in the context of a student population that is essentially monolingual in Kreyòl. This article aims to inform stakeholders of the history and challenges surrounding Kreyòl as LOI—a task given new importance in view of the efforts currently being put forth by the present minister of education, Nesmy Manigat, to implement key aspects of the Bernard Reform and valorize Haiti’s national language in the school system. Our primary objective here is to help break, at long last, Haiti’s pernicious cycle of exclusion based on language and education. Rezime: Politik lang nan sistèm lekòl ann Ayiti te toujou valorize franse kòm lang ansèyman depi nan ti klas primè yo. Preferans sa a kontribye nan mete baboukèt sou pifò ti moun ki soti nan majorite sa a ki pale kreyòl sèlman : baboukèt sa a anpeche yo resevwa yon bon edikasyon, sa anpeche yo reyisi lekòl epi sa anpeche yo jwenn mwayen pou avansman sosyal ak ekonomik. An 1804, Ayiti te bat Lafrans pou n te rive jwenn endepandans nou. Se depi lè sa a lidèchip peyi a te rekonèt baryè lengwistik la. Malgre sa, nou pa ko janm rive kaba esklizyon sa a. Nan atik sa a, nou analize yon seri dokiman ofisyèl ki soti nan Ministè Edikasyon Nasyonal ak lòt enstitisyon k ap feraye nan sektè edikasyon ann Ayiti. Dokiman sa yo disponib devan piblik la epi yo pèmèt nou trase yon itinerè istorik nan dosye politik lang nan sistèm edikasyon ann Ayiti. Epi, tou, nou evalye kontni dokiman yo pou n byen konprann lojik ki ladan. Nou divize itinerè istorik la an de (2) pati. An lagan, nou rezime politik lengwistik peyi a soti 1804 jiska 1979 lè leta te premye legalize kreyòl kòm lang ansèyman (LA) e kòm objè ansèyman (OA). Ann apre, nou konsidere dokiman sa yo ki pi enpòtan nan politik edikasyon ann Ayiti soti nan refòm Minis Joseph C. Bernard nan peryòd 1979–1982 rive nan dat 3 novanm 2022 lè nou te soumèt atik sa a pou evalyasyon nan kad pwojè piblikasyon. Evalyasyon nou sou dokiman sa yo montre ki jan, malgre mouvman kreyòl te rive fè pwogrè nan istwa peyi a, gen otorite k ap plede defigire reprezantasyon refòm Bernard 1982 a pou yo kore yon politik ki ankouraje lang franse kòm LA ; epi, tou, Ministè a te vin gen tandans adopte yon politik tranzisyon rapid—soti nan kreyòl kòm LA rive nan franse kòm LA—ki souvan kreye echèk, olye pou yo adopte yon apwòch aditif ki gen plis chans pou reyisi, tankou edikasyon miltileng ki baze sou lang matènèl ; epi se kon sa siksè elèv yo souvan vin bloke an ba yon objektif bilengwis ekilibre . Objektif sa a se pou avantaj ti moun ki soti nan elit ki pale franse a. E poutan, objektif bilengwis fonksyonèl la pi byen adapte e li pi reyalis nan kontèks yon popilasyon kote se kreyòl la ki rele pifò aprenan chè mèt chè mètrès. Ki fè n ekri atik sa a gen pou n enfòme moun ki konsène yo sou istwa ak defi ki antoure lang kreyòl la kòm LA. Jounen jodi a, analiz sa a vin pi enpòtan toujou lè n konsidere jefò Minis Edikasyon Nasyonal la, Nesmy Manigat, k ap feraye pou l enplemante kèk aspè fondal natal nan Refòm Bernard 1982 a, pou valorizasyon lang nasyonal la nan sistèm lekòl peyi a. Objektif prensipal pa nou se ede kraze kokenn chenn baryè sa yo ki, depi digdantan, ap sèvi ak lang ansanm ak edikasyon pou konsolide apatèd nan peyi a. (N ap prepare yon vèsyon kreyòl atik sa a k ava parèt nan yon pwochenn nimewo Jounal Etid Ayisyen — Journal of Haitian Studies .)
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Tezil, David. "On the influence of Kreyòl swa". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 37, n.º 2 (3 de noviembre de 2022): 291–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00096.tez.
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Abstract The Haitian Creole (Kreyòl) spoken by bilingual speakers is a prestigious form of speech generally referred to as Kreyòl swa (KS), where Frenchified features (e.g. front rounded vowels) are often used. In contrast, monolingual speakers use Kreyòl rèk (KR), a variety in which Frenchified features do not generally occur (Fattier-Thomas 1984; Valdman 2015). In this article, I establish the nasalization of the definite determiner /la/ in non-nasal environments (LÃ), e.g. chat lan for chat la ‘the cat’, as a feature of KS. I show that while bilingual speakers do use both Frenchification and LÃ, monolingual speakers overuse nasalization as compared to bilingual speakers, but use Frenchification less than the bilingual group because it is harder to produce. Based in these findings, I suggest that the sociolinguistic situation of Haiti is more complex, i.e. it is extended beyond the relationship between French and Kreyòl.
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Coogan, Meaghan Jeanne y Laura Vargas Zuleta. "Kreyòl Gade, Kreyòl Konprann: A Multilingual Catalog of Haitian Cinema". Journal of Haitian Studies 29, n.º 2 (septiembre de 2023): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2023.a934144.
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Abstract: Haitian cinema is a growing industry that has produced several award-winning films in recent years. However, the unavailability of clear and straightforward information limits its exposure to a broader audience. To address this issue, we developed a multilingual Haitian cinema website, "Kreyòl gade, kreyòl konprann" (https://haitianfilmsdataba.wixsite.com/kreyolgade), that offers information about Haitian films to a global audience. Inspired by the proverb "Kreyòl pale, kreyòl konprann," the project reflects the complexity of these words, which on the one hand evoke a sense of linguistic community, and on the other, highlight the language barriers within and against the Haitian community. Thus, the multilingual website offers comprehensive information about Haitian cinema, including a database of films with synopses and relevant details such as the director, language, and where to find it. Additionally, the website features a blog with reviews and interviews as well as a bibliography of sources in different formats and languages, and it invites collaboration through our "Contact Us" page. The website's multilingualism makes it accessible to Kreyòl, French, Spanish, and English speakers. Furthermore, accessibility to those located in the Caribbean was a central concern, and consequently, the website has been designed with minimalist graphics and fonts to better serve areas with lower internet speeds. Overall, it serves as a comprehensive resource for film enthusiasts, academics, and anyone interested in learning about Haitian cinema. By providing a platform for Haitian filmmakers to showcase their work to a global audience, the website plays an essential role in promoting cultural exchange and understanding. Rezime: Endistri sinema ayisyen an ap grandi chak jou. Se yon endistri ki pwodui plizyè fim e ki pran plizyè prim tou. Sepandan, mank enfòmasyon ki klè sou endistri sa a limite ekspozisyon li pou rive jwenn yon odyans ki pi laj. Pou rezoud pwoblèm sa a, nou te devlope yon sitwèb miltileng pou endistri sinema ayisyen an, "Kreyòl gade, kreyòl konprann" (https://haitianfilmsdataba.wixsite.com/kreyolgade), ki ofri anpil enfòmasyon sou fim ayisyen yo pou atire yon odyans mondyal. Pwovèb ayisyen an "Kreyòl pale kreyòl konprann" enspire nou, e donk, pwojè a reflete konpleksite mo sa yo, ki kominike yon sans kominote lengwistik, epi ki souliye baryè lang lan anndan kominote ayisyen an menm, e kont kominite ayisyen an tou. Kidonk, sitwèb la ofri enfòmasyon konplè sou endistri sinema ayisyen an, ki gen ladan lis fim yo, rezime ak detay apwopriye/enpòtan tankou direktè fim yo, diferan lang epi ki kote ou kabap jwenn fim yo. Anplis, sitwèb la genyen yon blòg kote w ap jwenn revi, entèvyou ansanm ak yon bibliyografi ki nan diferan lang ak diferan fòma. Nou envite tout moun pote kolaborasyon yo atravè paj "kontakte nou" a. Sit la miltileng, sa fè li aksesib pou moun ki pale kreyòl ayisyen, franse, panyòl ak angle. Epitou, bay moun ki nan Karayib la aksè a sit sa a se te yon priyorite pou pwojè sa a. Pou rezon sa a, sit la te fèt avèk grafik minimalis ak kodaj ki pa konplike, yon fason pou ede moun k ap viv nan zòn ki gen vitès entènèt ki ba yo monte sou li ak fasilite. An gwo, sit la sèvi tankou yon sous konplè pou moun ki renmen fim, moun ki nan mond akademik la ak nenpòt moun ki enterese aprann sou endistri sinema ayisyen an. Sit la bay yon plafòm pou direktè fim ayisyen yo ekspoze fim yo pou yon odyans mondyal, epi sit la jwe yon wòl esansyèl nan ankouraje echanj ak konpreyansyon kiltirèl.
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Tézil, David. "Sociolinguistic challenges and new perspectives on determining French speakers in Creole communities: the case of Haiti". International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2024, n.º 288 (1 de julio de 2024): 177–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2023-0108.
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Abstract This study examines the sociolinguistic challenges and explores new perspectives on the evaluation of French competency in creole-speaking communities, particularly in Haiti. Due to the absence of an effective and adaptable French proficiency test in the country, the percentage of Francophones often varies between 5 % and 10 %, and as high as 42 %. This inconsistency may be the result of the assumption that schooling is an effective metric of French proficiency. In this study, I argue that while schooling creates some French speakers, it is not necessarily indicative of French proficiency for all Haitians. In other words, not all Haitians enrolled in schools can count as French speakers. I make three propositions to improve the accuracy of the proportion of French speakers in Haiti: (1) combining schooling with some proficiency instrument to determine French speakers; (2) using an adaptable proficiency test that is based on the salient features that distinguish French from Haitian Creole (Kreyòl); (3) controlling for sociolinguistic varieties such as Frenchified Kreyòl or Kreyòl swa to prevent the miscategorization of monolingual Kreyòl speakers as French speakers.
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Past, Mariana. "Twin Pillars of Resistance: Vodou and Haitian Kreyòl in Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s Ti difé boulé sou istoua Ayiti [Stirring the Pot of Haitian History]". Latin American Literary Review 49, n.º 97 (17 de noviembre de 2021): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26824/lalr.218.
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Michel-Rolph Trouillot’s first book, Ti difé boulé sou istoua Ayiti [Stirring the Pot of Haitian History] (1977), exposes the foundational role of Haitian Vodou and the Kreyòl language in Haiti’s Revolution (1791-1804). The unprecedented victory achieved by the enslaved people in the former French colony of Saint Domingue was a useful paradigm for subsequent Latin American independence movements, starting with Simón Bolívar’s liberation of Venezuela (1811-19). This essay analyzes selected passages from Ti difé boulé that explicitly incorporate Vodou songs, prayers, and terminology to show how Trouillot provocatively deploys oral sources of historical narrative and memory. The young activist, writing in Haitian Kreyòl from New York City during the darkest days of the Duvalier régime, powerfully contests official versions of Haitian history by emphasizing the Haitian people’s agency. Vodou and Kreyòl, born out of struggle within a repressive colonial framework, are the great coherencies underlying Haitian resistance. Ti difé boulé examines neocolonial patterns of oppression emerging during the nineteenth century and critiques revolutionary icon Toussaint Louverture, revealing how Haiti’s predatory State harnessed Vodou to continue systematically subjugating the Haitian people. Trouillot’s innovative yet understudied masterpiece offers contemporary readers “new narratives” of Haiti. As twin pillars of Haitian resistance and cultural identity, Vodou and Kreyòl remain a vital and vibrant part of the American heritage. They merit more nuanced understandings within a cultural and political context where they have increasingly come under siege, inside and outside of Haiti.
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Medford, Kendall. "“Eso no es Kreyòl”". Journal of Language Contact 17, n.º 3 (27 de noviembre de 2024): 533–52. https://doi.org/10.1163/19552629-bja10087.
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Abstract Haitians have immigrated to the neighboring Dominican Republic in large numbers since the early twentieth century. Their language, Haitian Creole (Kreyòl), can be heard while walking down almost any Dominican street, and inside of Dominican schools, churches, restaurants, and office buildings. However, the language is highly stigmatized inside the country, which has led to varying levels of language shift and bilingualism among Dominicans of Haitian descent. This research offers a contemporary examination of language attitudes towards Haitian Creole in a community of Dominicans of Haitian descent. Using 4 ethnolinguistic interviews conducted in 2022 in a former batey (sugarcane mill) town in the Dominican Republic, the author provides a case study of the complex sociolinguistic situation that many Dominicans of Haitian descent face. Focus is placed on how demographic shifts and other sociocultural factors have impacted the language choices of Haitians in this bilingual context. This research finds that a speakers command of Haitian Creole – or lack thereof – greatly impacts their sense of ethnolinguistic identity and group belonging within the Haitian diaspora.
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Holz Nunes, Ariele Helena y Ana Lívia Agostinho. "Propriedades estruturais dos ideofones no kreyòl". Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos 64 (28 de junio de 2022): e022019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v64i00.8667694.
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Este estudo analisa a categoria dos ideofones no kreyòl (crioulo haitiano), itens lexicais que representam uma ideia em um som. O trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar as propriedades estruturais dos ideofones haitianos relacionadas aos âmbitos morfofonológico, sintático e semântico. O embasamento teórico segue Samarin (1965), Childs (1994a, 1994b), Dingemanse (2011), Costa (2017), entre outros autores. Quanto aos preceitos metodológicos, a investigação parte da recolha de dados em fontes já existentes, sobretudo, Prou (2000) e Champion et al. (2015). Um corpus de 81 dados de ideofones foi reanalisado e reclassificado a partir de três critérios para uma palavra ser considerada um ideofone no kreyòl: (1) apresentar conteúdo/traço onomatopaico, (2) sofrer reduplicação (morfo)fonológica e (3) não possuir somente conteúdo nominal. Logo, o corpus passou a contar com 66 dados, que foram tratados nos softwares Excel e Dekereke. Dentre as hipóteses levantadas, assumimos que os ideofones haitianos representam um marcador de complexidade gramatical, posto que as suas características gerais indicam a utilização de diferentes recursos para expressar um mesmo fenômeno. Além disso, destacamos que a morfofonologia é a área de análise mais produtiva dos ideofones haitianos. Em linhas gerais, as principais características estruturais dos ideofones do kreyòl são: (1) para a sintaxe – tendem a ocorrer em sentenças declarativas, manifestam-se em posição sintática medial e/ou final; (2) para a morfofonologia – apresentam formatos morfofonológicos variados (A, A.A, A.B.B, A.B.C etc); sofrem reduplicação total e parcial, e reduplicação morfológica e fonológica; obedecem aos inventários vocálico e consonantal existentes no kreyòl, bem como seguem a estrutura silábica canônica (CV, CVC, CCV etc.); e (3) para a semântica – podem ser enquadrados em diferentes macrocategorias semânticas, sendo as mais expressivas: ações, sons e movimentos.
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Ulysse, Gerdine M. y Khaled Al Masaeed. "The influence of socio-economic status, age, gender, and level of literacy on language attitudes". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 36, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 227–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00075.uly.
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Abstract This study investigated the relationship between socio-economic status, age, gender, and literacy level and Haitian Gonâviens‘ attitudes towards Haitian Creole or Kreyòl and French. Most studies that investigated language attitudes of Creolophones have found that they have negative attitudes towards Kreyòl. Nevertheless, previous studies often included participants who are affiliated with education such as students, teachers, and language policy makers, or those from higher social classes. The current study, however, utilized a language attitudes questionnaire to collect data from 78 adult informants from diverse backgrounds. These participants included 21 highly literate, 51 partially literate and 6 illiterate Haitians. Findings revealed that participants of higher socio-economic status have more positive attitudes towards French than those from lower socio-economic status. Results also showed that there is a tendency for age, gender, and literacy level to affect language attitudes. For instance, positive attitudes towards Kreyòl were found to be more prevalent among older participants than younger respondents. Similarly, male participants had more negative attitudes towards French than female informants. Moreover, respondents of lower literacy levels had more negative attitudes towards French than those who were highly literate.
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Girard, Philippe R. "What Language Did Toussaint Louverture Speak?: The Fort de Joux Memoir and the Origins of Haitian Kreyòl". Annales (English ed.) 68, n.º 01 (marzo de 2013): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398568200000339.
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Using contemporary accounts, letters drafted by former slaves, and the memoir written by Toussaint Louverture shortly before his death, this article attempts to recreate the language spoken by Haitian revolutionaries and, in particular, Toussaint Louverture. Detailed historical and linguistic analysis of these sources shows that Louverture wrote predominantly in French, only employed Kreyòl orally (especially when addressing a working-class audience), and rarely used the Ewe-Fon language of his Arada ancestors. His memoir suggests that Haitian Kreyòl, which some linguists think is derived from African languages, was more influenced by archaic, popular, or regional variants of French. Louverture’s preference for French also reinforces theses that describe him as a moderate figure inclined toward the European model.
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Robertshaw, Matthew. "Kreyòl anba Duvalier, 1957–1986". New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 93, n.º 3-4 (5 de diciembre de 2019): 231–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134360-09303054.
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Abstract The Duvalier presidencies were a devastating chapter in the history of Haiti. There is, however, one aspect of Haitian society that went through unexpected progress in the midst of these despotic regimes. Haitian Creole has long been excluded from formal and written contexts, despite being the only language common to all Haitians. The debate over whether Creole should be used in formal contexts for the sake of the country’s development and democratization began in earnest at the start of the twentieth century but was far from being resolved when François Duvalier came to power in 1957. Surprisingly, perceptions of Creole changed drastically during the Duvalier era, so that by the time Jean-Claude Duvalier fell from power in 1986 the status of Creole had improved markedly, so much that it had become typical for Haitians to use the language, along with French, in virtually all contexts.
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Gourdet, Frantz. "Estanda grafi kreyòl Ayiti: Pwopozisyon". Rechèch Etid Kreyòl 1, n.º 1 (28 de octubre de 2022): 163–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.57222/fjjn1761.
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Rezime Pa genyen estanda nasyonal jeneral pou òtograf kreyòl ayisyen (KA). Depi ofisyalizasyon alfabè 1980 an, anpil lengwis kontinye travay sou grafi lang lan. Yo pibliye pwopozisyon solid sou kesyon sa a, san yo pa rive jwenn konsansis. Ak teyori lineyaris la (Gourdet 2021), nou analize pifò nan pwopozisyon ki tounen toutan sou sèn syantifik la. Sa mande doub efò pedagojik pou montre ki jan nouvo fòmalis la ki pa sèvi ak kategori leksikal, itilize konsèp lengwistik fonksyonèl pou trete tematik òtograf premye nimewo revi Rechèch Etid Kreyòl la, e ki jan li pèmèt degaje eleman konsansis ki gen chans sèvi fondasyon nòm-estanda grafi KA a. Nou jwenn pou rezilta : (a) konfimasyon solidite alfabè 1980 an kòm fonnman òtograf fonemik KA a ; (b) konsta nesesite reyini yon gwoup lwa idantite fonolojik (LIF) ki chapante òtograf KA a sou fòm didaktik senp elèv lekòl, tradiktè, editè liv ak tout eskriptè ka mobilize pou teste si yon mo-teren byen fòme, oswa yon mo-vini byen kreyolize. Men poutèt nou konnen jij final òtograf kòrèk mo se yon diksyonè referans ki akonpaye aprantisaj lekti ak ekriti, nou degaje fòma yonn ki pou pote presizyon ak konfyans sou òtograf, siyifikasyon, itilizasyon epi òtofoni mo, menm jan ak tout diksyonè lang, men san kategori leksikal, avèk yon alfabè fonksyonèl analitik. Vizyon lineyaris la entegre òtograf nan yon sistèm grafi twa lòt konpozant konplete : yon sousistèm transkripsyon son, yon sousistèm senbòl ki pa alfabetik, yon ekriti analitik pou metrize sentaks lang lan epi make siyifikasyon ak anbigwite enonse. Mo kle : alfabè, nòm-estanda, òtofoni, òtograf, teyori lineyaris.
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Delva, Rachèle-Jeanie. ""Kreyòl Pale, Kreyòl Konprann": Haitian Identity and Creole Mother-Tongue Learning in Matènwa, Haiti". Journal of Haitian Studies 25, n.º 1 (2019): 92–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2019.0003.
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Girard, Philippe R. "Quelle langue parlait Toussaint Louverture ?" Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 68, n.º 1 (marzo de 2013): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900015547.
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RésuméCet article tente de recréer la langue des révolutionnaires haïtiens, plus particulièrement celle de Toussaint Louverture, à l’aide des témoignages de ses contemporains, des lettres rédigées par d’anciens esclaves et du mémoire qu’il écrivit peu avant sa mort. Une analyse détaillée de ces sources faisant appel à l’histoire et à la linguistique montre que Louverture privilégiait le français à l’écrit, qu’il cantonnait le kreyòl à un rôle oral (surtout quand il s’adressait aux classes laborieuses) et qu’il n’utilisait que très rarement la langue ewe-fon de ses ancêtres aradas. Son mémoire suggère que le kreyòl haïtien, à qui certains linguistes attribuent des origines africaines, fut davantage influencé par des prononciations anciennes, populaires, ou régionales du français. La préférence de Louverture pour le français renforce aussi les thèses qui font de lui un personnage modéré et très influencé par le modèle métropolitain.
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Aylén Páez Ramos, Romina Grana y Magdalena González Almada. "Acerca del colonialismo y sus efectos: una revisión a propósito de las estrategias de resistencia del kreyòl ayisyen". REVELL - REVISTA DE ESTUDOS LITERÁRIOS DA UEMS 2, n.º 32 (14 de diciembre de 2022): 320–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.61389/revell.v2i32.7208.
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A partir de la idea de que lengua e identidad forman parte de una díada indisoluble, este trabajo se propone analizar al kreyòl en dos dimensiones. En primer lugar, como lengua de resistencia en la que se materializan algunos efectos del proceso colonial en América. En el kreyòl se condensa un espíritu de encuentro y unidad como el konbit: se trata de un concepto que, aún con las dificultades que presenta para la traducción al español, encierra en su significado una forma de organización comunitaria inscrita en el establecimiento de relaciones sociales horizontales. Esta institución de la vida campesina de Haití aparece configurada como un modo de organización colectiva para la resistencia colonial en algunas producciones literarias de la isla. Por ello, este artículo, en segundo lugar, analizará la novela Gobernadores del rocío [1944] de Jacques Roumain atendiendo a la particular representación del konbit y sus proyecciones políticas de resistencia al embate colonial.
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Cahill, Griffin. "Nation-building and state support for creole languages". Working papers in Applied Linguistics and Linguistics at York 2 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2564-2855.16.
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Only two French-lexified creole languages possess de jure official status: Haitian (kreyòl aysisyen) in Haiti, and Seychellois (kreol Seselwa) in the Seychelles. This paper situates the past and contemporary sociolinguistics of Haitian and Seychellois in their respective homelands. The histories and politics of the two states are examined from their times as European colonies to their present-day as independent states. This will be followed by comparing the current state of the languages through three lenses: education, government, and popular discourse. The status of the creoles in each of those roles is discussed in relation to the other official languages of the states (French in both, along with English in the Seychelles.) The relationship between the creole languages and French is highlighted. I conclude with a discussion on the power of governmental support for creole languages generally, and potential lessons to be learned from the Haitian and Seychellois cases.
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Dominguez, Virginia R. "Afterword: On Racial Binaries, Racism, and Creolization". Quebec Studies 71, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/qs.2021.7.
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Author of the pathbreaking work on créolité in Louisiana, White by Definition: Social Classification in Creole Louisiana (1986), Virginia R. Dominguez responds to the articles presented in the special dossier, “Créolité: Identity, History, Culture/Kreyòl: métissage, hybridité, bricolage.” Her reflections situate articles by Jonathan Gosnell, Juliane Braun, and Angel Adams Parham in relation to the racial binary dominating Anglo-American history in the U.S., racism (old and new), the relevance of history to the present, and writers’ and intellectuals’ roles in fostering change for the better. Auteur du texte fondateur sur la créolité en Louisiane, White by Definition: Social Classification in Creole Louisiana (1986), Virginia R. Dominguez répond aux articles présentés dans le dossier spécial, “Créolité: Identity, History, Culture/Kreyòl: métissage, hybridité, bricolage.” Ses réflexions situent les articles de Jonathan Gosnell, Juliane Braun et Angel Adams Parham par rapport au binarisme racial qui domine l’histoire anglo-américaine dans les États-Unis, le racisme (ancien et nouveau), et la pertinence de l’histoire à l’actualité, ainsi que le rôle des écrivains et des intellectuels à travailler pour le changement.
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Gitlin, Jay y Ryan André Brasseaux. "Introduction: Créolité: Identity, History, Culture/Kreyòl: Métissage, hybridité, bricolage". Quebec Studies 71, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2021): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/qs.2021.2.
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Paul, Moles, Francklyn Dorcé y Jean Odelin Petit Frère. "Pou yon lengwistik ayisyen". Rechèch Etid Kreyòl 1, n.º 1 (28 de octubre de 2022): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.57222/tvzs5410.
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Nan atik sa a, nou jete baz teyorik yon lengwistik ayisyen. Nou etidye divès pwoblematik rechèch ki fèt nan lengwistik an Ayiti trete depi kòmansman ventyèm syèk la pou rive jodi a. Lè nou fin gade ki plas lengwistik ayisyen kapab genyen nan lengwistik jeneral ak nan kreyolistik, nou montre semantik pa twò prezan nan lengwistik sa a epi pi gwo deba yo fèt sitou sou kesyon òtograf kreyòl ayisyen an. Nou bay rezon ki ta ka esplike sa. Mo kle : Lengwistik ayisyen, lengwistik jeneral, kreyolistik, semantik.
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Klump, Andre. "Von kontan (Kréyol Gwiyanè), kapab (Kreyòl Ayisyen) und dushi (Papiamentu)". Romanistik in Geschichte und Gegenwart (RomGG) 25, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46771/2366078300252_2.
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Brisson, Irene. "Architectures of Relation: An Inclusive Approach to Studying Kreyòl Architecture in Haiti". Caribbean Studies 52, n.º 2 (julio de 2024): 145–56. https://doi.org/10.1353/crb.2024.a953897.
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Abstract: Beginning from a grounded definition of architecture as a relational activity of imagining, planning, and making, this essay introduces the framework of "Kreyòl architecture" to describe the broad scope of Haitian building culture. To study constructed environments in Haiti and the Caribbean, it is critical to apprehend how designers of various class, education, and professional backgrounds are situated and interacting with each and, moreover, how they use common tools of mediated communication. Based on ethnographic research, this essay frames the social field of designers, including engineers and architects, with particular attention to the masons, carpenters, and tradespeople who are responsible for most building projects in Haiti, the greater Caribbean, and the global south. This inclusive perspective moves beyond a binary division of modern architecture produced by architects or engineers and vernacular buildings produced by craftspeople, "untrained" builders, and autoconstruction to recognize the fluid and entangled processes of architecture and begin to identify where urgently needed reforms can be made to support the well-being of people and our environments. Résumé: Partant d'une définition fondée de l'architecture comme activité relationnelle d'imagination, de planification et de fabrication, cet essai introduit le cadre de « l'architecture Kreyòl » pour décrire la vaste portée de la culture de construction haïtienne. Pour étudier les environnements construits en Haïti et dans les Caraïbes, il est essentiel d'appréhender la manière dont les concepteurs de classes, d'éducations et d'horizons professionnels divers se situent et interagissent entre eux et, de plus, comment ils utilisent des outils communs de communication médiatisée. S'appuyant sur des recherches ethnographiques, cet essai encadre le champ social des concepteurs, y compris les ingénieurs et les architectes, avec une attention particulière aux maçons, aux charpentiers et aux artisans, qui sont responsables de la plupart des projets de construction en Haïti, dans les Caraïbes et dans le Sud global. Cette perspective inclusive va au-delà d'une division binaire de l'architecture moderne produite par des architectes ou des ingénieurs et des bâtiments vernaculaires produits par des artisans, des constructeurs « non formés » et l'autoconstruction pour reconnaître les processus fluides et enchevêtrés de l'architecture et commencer à identifier où des réformes urgentes peuvent être apportées pour soutenir le bien-être des personnes et de nos environnements. Resumen: Partiendo de una definición fundamentada de la arquitectura como una actividad relacional de imaginación, planificación y realización, este ensayo presenta el marco de la "arquitectura Kreyòl" para describir el amplio alcance de la cultura de la construcción haitiana. Para estudiar los ambientes construidos en Haití y el Caribe, es fundamental comprender cómo los diseñadores de diversas clases, niveles educativos y antecedentes profesionales se sitúan e interactúan entre sí y, además, cómo utilizan instrumentos comunes de comunicación mediada. Basado en una investigación etnográfica, este ensayo enmarca el campo social de los diseñadores, incluidos los ingenieros y arquitectos, con especial atención a los albañiles, carpinteros y artesanos que son responsables de la mayoría de los proyectos de construcción en Haití, el Gran Caribe y el sur global. Esta perspectiva inclusiva va más allá de una división binaria de la arquitectura moderna producida por arquitectos o ingenieros y los edificios vernáculos producidos por artesanos, constructores "no calificado" y autoconstrucción para reconocer los procesos fluidos y enredados de la arquitectura, y comenzar a identificar dónde se pueden realizar reformas urgentemente necesarias para apoyar el buen vivir de las personas y nuestros entornos.
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Joshi, Manisha, Guitele J. Rahill y Christopher Rice. "Psychometric properties of a Haitian Kreyòl version of the trauma symptom checklist". Journal of Affective Disorders 260 (enero de 2020): 238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.004.
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Lipski, John M. "Review of Valdman (1988): Ann pale kreyòl: An introductory course in Haitian Creole". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 6, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 1991): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.6.2.10lip.
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Gustinvil, Jean-Waddimir. "Scène servile, idiome et traduction : le français-le kreyòl, l’imaginaire colonial de la langue". Cahiers critiques de philosophie 25, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2022): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ccp.025.0163.
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Joshi, Manisha, Guitele J. Rahill y Sarah Rhode. "Comparison of Trauma Symptoms Among Nonpartner Sexual Violence Victims and Nonvictims in Urban Haiti’s Cité Soleil Neighborhood". Journal of Black Psychology 47, n.º 4-5 (25 de febrero de 2021): 284–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798421997217.
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Women in resource-constrained, postdisaster, urban enclaves, such as Haiti’s Cité Soleil, are at risk for nonpartner sexual violence (NPSV) by multiple perpetrators, and subsequently, psychological trauma and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV/AIDS. These biopsychosocial risks suggest that NPSV victims may benefit from an adapted evidence-based intervention for sexually transmitted infection (EBI-STI) that includes a trauma component. Yet there is a dearth of knowledge on trauma symptoms experienced by victims in Haiti. We administered a Haitian Kreyòl version of Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-40), including its subscales (depression, dissociation, anxiety, sexual problems, sleep disturbance, sexual abuse trauma) to women in Cité Soleil, comparing victims’ scores ( n = 54) with those of nonvictims ( n = 179). After controlling for child sexual abuse, arrest, transactional sex, and sociodemographics, being a victim was associated with higher scores on the full TSC-40, and subscales of anxiety and sexual abuse trauma index. These increased scores of victims underscore the need to incorporate trauma in adaptation of EBI-STI for Haitian NPSV victims like our sample.
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Shread, Carolyn. "La Traduction métramorphique : entendre le kreyòl dans la traduction anglaise des Rapaces de Marie Vieux-Chauvet". Palimpsestes, n.º 22 (9 de octubre de 2009): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/palimpsestes.209.
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White, Chantal. "Vendre en kreyòl, rayonner en français : l’espace publicitaire bilingue de la « Voix des communautés culturelles au Québec »". Cahiers internationaux de sociolinguistique 10, n.º 2 (2016): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cisl.1602.0183.
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SILVA, Adelaide Hercília Pescatori. "APONTAMENTOS PARA O ENSINO DO SISTEMA SONORO DO PB". Trama 15, n.º 34 (27 de febrero de 2019): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/rt.v15i34.21768.
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Este artigo visa a contribuir para o ensino de português brasileiro (PB) como língua estrangeira. Para tanto, segue dois argumentos: o de que a língua é um sistema adaptativo complexo – o que implica a necessidade de se conspirarem variáveis extralinguísticas no processo de ensino-aprendizagem em interação com variáveis linguística - e o de que é preciso conhecer a estrutura fonético-fonológica do PB e da língua materna dos aprendizes, para que se possa desenvolver uma abordagem próxima à realidade desses aprendizes. Para embasar tais argumentos, lançamos mão de dados português brasileiro produzidos por falantes nativos de crioulo haitiano e analisados acusticamente.REFERÊNCIASAlbano, E. C. O gesto e suas bordas – esboço de fonologia acústico-articulatória do português brasileiro. Campinas: Mercado de Letras/FAPESP, 2001.ALVES, U.K.; BRISOLARA, L.B.; PEROZZO, R.V. Curtindo os sons do Brasil – Fonética do Português do Brasil para Hispanofalantes. Lisboa: Lidel, 2017.Becker, M.R. Inteligibilidade da lingua inglesa sob o paradigma de língua franca: percepção de discursos de falantes de diferentes L1s por brasileiros. Tese de doutorado. Inédita. UFPR. 2013.Beckner, C. et al. Language is a complex adaptative system: position paper. Language Learning, v. 59, n. 1, p. 1-26, dez. 2009.Cadely, J.R. Haiti: the politics of language. Journal of Teaching and Education, 1(3):389–394, 2012.CADELY, J. R.. Les sons du Creòle haïtien. The Journal of Haitian Studies, 9 (2): 4-41, 2004.Celce-Murcia, M.; Brinton, D.M.; Goodwin, J.M.; Grainer, B. Teaching pronunciation: a course book and reference guide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.Chan, S. Complex Adaptative Systems. Research Seminar in Engineering Systems. October 31, 2001/November 6, p. 1-9, 2001.DOVE, L. How does a forest fire benefit living things? DISPONÍVEL em https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/how-forest-fire-benefit-living-things-2.htm. ACESSO em 18/02/2019.MAJOR, R. C. Transfer in second language phonology. In: EDWARDS, J. G. H; ZAMPINI, M. L. Phonology and Second Language Acquisition. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2008.SCHMICHECK, J. V. Produção de taps e laterais do PB por falantes de kreyòl. Relatório de Pesquisa de Iniciação Científica. Inédito. Universidade Federal do Paraná. 2018.Silva, A.H.P. Caracterização acústica de [r], [ɾ], [l] e [ʎ] nos dados de um informante paulistano. Cadernos de Estudos Linguísticos, 37:51-6, 1999.Silva, A. H. P. As fronteiras entre fonética e fonologia e a alofonia dos róticos iniciais em PB: dados de dois informantes do sul do país. Tese de doutorado. Inédita. Universidade Estadual de Campinas. 2002.Silva, A.H.P. Uma ferramenta para o ensino do acento primário do PB para falantes nativos do crioulo haitiano. Organon, 30 (58): 175-191, 2015.Tardieu, G.M. Gramè Kreyòl. Kopivit-Laksyon Sosyal, 2013. Recebido em 18-02-2019.Aceito em 21-02-2019.
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Frett, Brigitte, Myra Aquino, Marie Fatil, Julia Seay, Dinah Trevil, Michèle Jessica Fièvre y Erin Kobetz. "Get Vaccinated!andGet Tested!Developing Primary and Secondary Cervical Cancer Prevention Videos for a Haitian Kreyòl-Speaking Audience". Journal of Health Communication 21, n.º 5 (6 de abril de 2016): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2015.1103330.
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Saint-Fort, Hugues. "L’Impact de l’occupation américaine d’Haïti (1915–1934) sur le créole haïtien (kreyòl) : Enrichissement lexical et nouveaux besoins matériels". Journal of Haitian Studies 21, n.º 2 (2016): 290–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jhs.2016.0011.
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DeGraff, Michel. "Mother-tongue books in Haiti: The power of Kreyòl in learning to read and in reading to learn". PROSPECTS 46, n.º 3-4 (diciembre de 2016): 435–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11125-017-9389-6.
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Astuti, Astuti y Akram Akram. "Korelasi Antara Komunikasi Organisasi dengan Iklim Kerja". Adaara: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 13, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2023): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30863/ajmpi.v13i2.4802.
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translator AfrikaansAlbanian - shqipeArabic - العربيةArmenian - ՀայերէնAzerbaijani - azərbaycancaBasque - euskaraBelarusian - беларускаяBengali - বাংলাBulgarian - българскиCatalan - catalàChinese - 中文（简体中文）Chinese - 中文 (繁體中文)Croatian - hrvatskiCzech - češtinaDanish - danskDutch - NederlandsEnglishEsperanto - esperantoEstonian - eestiFilipinoFinnish - suomiFrench - françaisGalician - galegoGeorgian - ქართულიGerman - DeutschGreek - ΕλληνικάGujarati - ગુજરાતીHaitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyenHebrew - עבריתHindi - हिन्दीHungarian - magyarIcelandic - íslenskaIndonesian - Bahasa IndonesiaIrish - GaeilgeItalian - italianoJapanese - 日本語Kannada - ಕನ್ನಡKorean - 한국어Latin - Lingua LatinaLatvian - latviešuLithuanian - lietuviųMacedonian - македонскиMalay - Bahasa MelayuMaltese - MaltiNorwegian - norskPersian - فارسیPolish - polskiPortuguese - portuguêsRomanian - românăRussian - русскийSerbian - СрпскиSlovak - slovenčinaSlovenian - slovenščinaSpanish - españolSwahili - KiswahiliSwedish - svenskaTamil - தமிழ்Telugu - తెలుగుThai - ไทยTurkish - TürkçeUkrainian - українськаUrdu - اردوVietnamese - Tiếng ViệtWelsh - CymraegYiddish - יידיש Double-click Select to translate This study aims to: 1) describe the reality of organizational communication; 2) describe the reality of the work climate; and 3) examine the correlation between organizational communication and work climate at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Islamic Middle School 1 Bone south Sulawesi. This research uses quantitative methodology with correlational design to explain the research questions. The instrument used to measure the variabels of this study was a questionnaire then analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferntial statistics use analiysis of the product moment with SPSS version 21 software. The result of the study show in descriptive of organizational communication is in the good category of 83,05% and work climate is in the conducive category of 81,09%. In addition, the analysis of inferential with correlation product moment analysis suggest that there is a positive and significant correlation between organizational communication and work climate, signified by correlation coefficient of 69,4%, which is at strong level of correlation.
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DeGraff, Michel y Glenda S. Stump. "Kreyòl, pedagogy, and technology for opening up quality education in Haiti: Changes in teachers’ metalinguistic attitudes as first steps in a paradigm shift". Language 94, n.º 2 (2018): e127-e157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2018.0030.
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Kaiser, Bonnie N., Brandon A. Kohrt, Bradley H. Wagenaar, Michael R. Kramer, Kristen E. McLean, Ashley K. Hagaman, Nayla M. Khoury y Hunter M. Keys. "Scale properties of the Kreyòl Distress Idioms (KDI) screener: association of an ethnographically-developed instrument with depression, anxiety, and sociocultural risk factors in rural Haiti". International Journal of Culture and Mental Health 8, n.º 4 (11 de septiembre de 2015): 341–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17542863.2015.1015580.
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Papilaya, Patrich Phill Edrich. "Aplikasi Google Earth Engine Dalam Menyediakan Citra Satelit Sumberbedaya Alam Bebas Awan". MAKILA 16, n.º 2 (12 de noviembre de 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/makila.v16i2.6586.
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translator
Ketersediaan Citra Satelit yang berkualitas menjadi salah satu syarat keberhasilan penelitian sumberdaya alam, secara khusus dibidang kehutanan. Google Earth Engine (GEE) adalah salah satu platform berbasis awan (cloud) yang disediakan oleh Google. GEE bekerja berbasis Bahasa program Java Script. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aplikasi GEE mampu menyediakan citra satelit yang memiliki tutupan awan sangat rendah atau bebas awan (clouds free). Aplikasi GEE merupakan salah satu solusi penelitian sumberdaya alam terutama pada pulau-pulau kecil di Provinsi Maluku.
Afrikaans
Albanian - shqipe
Arabic - العربية
Armenian - Հայերէն
Azerbaijani - azərbaycanca
Basque - euskara
Belarusian - беларуская
Bengali - বাংলা
Bulgarian - български
Catalan - català
Chinese - 中文（简体中文）
Chinese - 中文 (繁體中文)
Croatian - hrvatski
Czech - čeština
Danish - dansk
Dutch - Nederlands
English
Esperanto - esperanto
Estonian - eesti
Filipino
Finnish - suomi
French - français
Galician - galego
Georgian - ქართული
German - Deutsch
Greek - Ελληνικά
Gujarati - ગુજરાતી
Haitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyen
Hebrew - עברית
Hindi - हिन्दी
Hungarian - magyar
Icelandic - íslenska
Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia
Irish - Gaeilge
Italian - italiano
Japanese - 日本語
Kannada - ಕನ್ನಡ
Korean - 한국어
Latin - Lingua Latina
Latvian - latviešu
Lithuanian - lietuvių
Macedonian - македонски
Malay - Bahasa Melayu
Maltese - Malti
Norwegian - norsk
Persian - فارسی
Polish - polski
Portuguese - português
Romanian - română
Russian - русский
Serbian - Српски
Slovak - slovenčina
Slovenian - slovenščina
Spanish - español
Swahili - Kiswahili
Swedish - svenska
Tamil - தமிழ்
Telugu - తెలుగు
Thai - ไทย
Turkish - Türkçe
Ukrainian - українська
Urdu - اردو
Vietnamese - Tiếng Việt
Welsh - Cymraeg
Yiddish - יידיש
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38
Smartt Bell, Madison. "Kreyol pale, kreyol konprann". Multitudes 22, n.º 3 (2005): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/mult.022.0213.
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Meehan, Kevin. "Kreyol Intertextuality and Decolonizing Narrative in Veillées noires". Dossier spécial Léon-Gontran Damas, n.º 116 (13 de agosto de 2020): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071041ar.
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This essay identifies three levels of intertextuality in the short story, “Echec et mat” by Léon-Gontran Damas. Incorporating folkloric tales, lyrics from popular music, and 19th Century satiric writing in Kreyol, “Echec et mat” offers a microcosm of the intertextual techniques employed throughout the entire collection, Veillées noires. In particular, I analyze Damas’s embedding of a satire written and published in Kreyol by Guadeloupean author Paul Baudot. While this Kreyol satire—written by a white béké author from the mid-19th Century—is ambiguous politically, and must be determined by musical and folkloric references, Damas nevertheless signals the importance of earlier Caribbean writing in Kreyol. Such writing co-exists with other forms of cultural production and is part of the reservoir from which Damas draws to assemble his complex anti-colonial discourse. These intertextual traces reveal a cultural identity that is plural as well as anti-colonial.
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Wirananda Setiawan, Nyoman Budhi, I. Gusti Ayu Ratna Suryaningrum, I. Wayan Eka Sutyawan y Deasy Sucicahyati Mendala. "Terapi Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma". E-Jurnal Medika Udayana 11, n.º 3 (5 de abril de 2022): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mu.2022.v11.i03.p17.
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translator
Afrikaans
Albanian - shqipe
Arabic - ???????????
Armenian - ???????
Azerbaijani - az?rbaycanca
Basque - euskara
Belarusian - ??????????
Bengali - ?????
Bulgarian - ?????????
Catalan - català
Chinese - ????????
Chinese - ?? (????)
Croatian - hrvatski
Czech - ?eština
Danish - dansk
Dutch - Nederlands
English
Esperanto - esperanto
Estonian - eesti
Filipino
Finnish - suomi
French - français
Galician - galego
Georgian - ???????
German - Deutsch
Greek - ????????
Gujarati - ???????
Haitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyen
Hebrew - ?????????
Hindi - ??????
Hungarian - magyar
Icelandic - íslenska
Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia
Irish - Gaeilge
Italian - italiano
Japanese - ???
Kannada - ?????
Korean - ???
Latin - Lingua Latina
Latvian - latviešu
Lithuanian - lietuvi?
Macedonian - ??????????
Malay - Bahasa Melayu
Maltese - Malti
Norwegian - norsk
Persian - ?????????
Polish - polski
Portuguese - português
Romanian - român?
Russian - ???????
Serbian - ??????
Slovak - sloven?ina
Slovenian - slovenš?ina
Spanish - español
Swahili - Kiswahili
Swedish - svenska
Tamil - ?????
Telugu - ??????
Thai - ???
Turkish - Türkçe
Ukrainian - ??????????
Urdu - ????????
Vietnamese - Ti?ng Vi?t
Welsh - Cymraeg
Yiddish - ?????
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Select to translate
Latar Belakang: Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma adalah salah satu jenis secondary open-angle glaucoma yang disebabkan oleh akumulasi protein fibril pada trabecular meshwork. Obat, bedah, laser, atau kombinasi terapi merupakan pilihan terapi yang tersedia saat ini. Review sistematik ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan beberapa terapi-terapi tersebut terhadap tekanan intraokular serta komplikasi/efek samping pada pasien dengan pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Metode: Kami mengambil sumber data berupa studi primer dari database elektronik yaitu MEDLINE dan Cochrane dalam rentang tahun 2010-2020, berbahasa Inggris, dengan desain studi clinical trial atau observasional. Setelah dilakukan ekstraksi data maka dilanjutkan dengan penilaian terhadap abstrak, desain studi, partisipan, outcome, risk of bias, dan strength of evidence. Hasil: Outcome dalam penelitian sangat bervariasi yang kami kelompokkan menjadi dua variabel yaitu tekanan intraokular dan komplikasi/efek samping. Rata-rata penurunan TIO berkisar antara 4,71 mmHg (dengan SLT pada perilimbus) hingga 14,00 mmHg (dengan trabekulektomi + bevacizumab). Komplikasi yang umum ditemui yaitu inflamasi pada anterior chamber. Limitasi: Banyak studi memaparkan outcome yang heterogen dan beberapa partisipan penelitian tidak murni menggunakan pasien pseudoexfoliation glaucoma. Kesimpulan: Beberapa terapi obat, bedah, laser, maupun kombinasi untuk pseudoexfoliation glaucoma efektif dalam menurunkan tekanan intraokular. Meskipun demikian, perlu adanya perhatian untuk dokter umum maupun dokter spesialis mata terkait beberapa komplikasi yang dapat muncul akibat terapi-terapi tersebut.
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Irawan, Angeline Aprilia, Yukhi Kurniawan, Bagus Komang Satriyasa y I. Gusti Ayu Widianti. "PENGARUH TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY TERHADAP PROFIL LIPID DAN LEMAK PADA TUBUH". E-Jurnal Medika Udayana 11, n.º 4 (25 de abril de 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mu.2022.v11.i04.p12.
Texto completoResumen
translator
Afrikaans
Albanian - shqipe
Arabic - ???????????
Armenian - ???????
Azerbaijani - az?rbaycanca
Basque - euskara
Belarusian - ??????????
Bengali - ?????
Bulgarian - ?????????
Catalan - català
Chinese - ????????
Chinese - ?? (????)
Croatian - hrvatski
Czech - ?eština
Danish - dansk
Dutch - Nederlands
English
Esperanto - esperanto
Estonian - eesti
Filipino
Finnish - suomi
French - français
Galician - galego
Georgian - ???????
German - Deutsch
Greek - ????????
Gujarati - ???????
Haitian Creole - kreyòl ayisyen
Hebrew - ?????????
Hindi - ??????
Hungarian - magyar
Icelandic - íslenska
Indonesian - Bahasa Indonesia
Irish - Gaeilge
Italian - italiano
Japanese - ???
Kannada - ?????
Korean - ???
Latin - Lingua Latina
Latvian - latviešu
Lithuanian - lietuvi?
Macedonian - ??????????
Malay - Bahasa Melayu
Maltese - Malti
Norwegian - norsk
Persian - ?????????
Polish - polski
Portuguese - português
Romanian - român?
Russian - ???????
Serbian - ??????
Slovak - sloven?ina
Slovenian - slovenš?ina
Spanish - español
Swahili - Kiswahili
Swedish - svenska
Tamil - ?????
Telugu - ??????
Thai - ???
Turkish - Türkçe
Ukrainian - ??????????
Urdu - ????????
Vietnamese - Ti?ng Vi?t
Welsh - Cymraeg
Yiddish - ?????
Double-click
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After turning 40 years old, testosterone hormone in men will decrease, but some data regarding the effect of Testosterone Replacement Therapy (TRT) on cardiovascular safety is still controversial. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the effect of TRT on lipid profile and body fat in men with Late-Onset Hypogonadism (LOH) which affects the incidence of cardiovascular disease.
The literature search was performed on the database, such as PubMed and Wiley Online Library and also additional manual searches were performed on the reference list of related studies. The identified articles were selected according to the eligibility criteria. A total of four articles were used in this systematic review and the quality of the study was assessed using the Jadad score.
From the four studies that is used, four study discussed the effect of TRT on lipid profiles and two studies discussed the effect of TRT on body fat. On the administration of testosterone gel 50mg/day, all lipid profiles improved after nine months of intervention. However, with IM testosterone after one year, the improvement was only partial. All studies discussing the effect of TRT on body fat showed uniform results, namely a decrease in fat percentage.
The results obtained by the studies included in this systematic review suggest that TRT can improve lipid profiles and also decrease body fat in men with LOH.
42
Sungkowati, Yulitin. "PENGARUH CERITA DETEKTIF TRADISIONAL BARAT TERHADAP NOVEL INDONESIA MENCARI SARANG ANGIN DAN KREMIL KARYA SUPARTO BRATA (The Influence of West Traditional Detective Stories on Indonesian Novel: Suparto Brata’s “Mencari Sarang Angin” and “Kremil”)". METASASTRA: Jurnal Penelitian Sastra 7, n.º 1 (11 de marzo de 2016): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26610/metasastra.2014.v7i1.109-122.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan hubungan Suparto Brata dengan cerita detektif tradisional Barat dan mendeskripsikan pengaruh cerita detektif tradisional Barat terhadap novelnya yang berjudul Kremil dan Mencari Sarang Angin. Kajian ini termasuk ke dalam studi sastra bandingan. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa Suparto Brata merupakan pembaca cerita-cerita detektif tradisional Barat. Pengaruh bacaan tersebut terhadap novel Kremil dan Mencari Sarang Angin yang ditulisnya teridentifikasi dari fakta cerita berupa alur (yang terdiri atas tiga bagian: kejahatan, pelacakan, dan pembongkaran misteri), penokohan (penjahat, korban, pelacak, dan tokoh lainnya), dan latar terisolasi. Akan tetapi, dalam beberapa hal, novel Kremil dan Mencari Sarang Angin menunjukkan penyimpangan atau modifikasi dari cerita detektif tradisional Barat.Abstract:This study focuses on describing the relationship between Suparto Brata as a writer and western traditional detective stories. It also examines their influence on his works: “Kremil” and “Mencari Sarang Angin”. The research is under comparative literary study. The result of the re- search shows that Suparto Brata is the western detective stories reader. Their influence on his works, “Kremil” and “Mencari Sarang Angin”, can be identified from their plot, character, and isolated setting. Firstly, the plot is divided into three parts: criminality, tracing the story, and un- covering the mystery. Secondly, the characters consist of criminal, victim, and other characters. In some cases, however, “Kremil” and “Mencari Sarang Angin” indicate the deviation or modification of the western traditional detective stories.
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Klunker, W. "Kresol". Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie 29, n.º 03 (2 de abril de 2007): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-938133.
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Boodeea, Zaheenah Beebee Jameela, Sameerchand Pudaruth, Nitish Chooramun y Aneerav Sukhoo. "Automatic Translation Between Kreol Morisien and English Using the Marian Machine Translation Framework". Informatics 12, n.º 1 (10 de febrero de 2025): 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics12010016.
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Kreol Morisien is a vibrant and expressive language that reflects the multicultural heritage of Mauritius. There are different versions of Kreol languages. While Kreol Morisien is spoken in Mauritius, Kreol Rodrige is spoken only in Rodrigues, and they are distinct languages. Being spoken by only about 1.5 million speakers in the world, Kreol Morisien falls in the category of under-resourced languages. Initially, Kreol Morisien lacked a formalised writing system, with many people using different spellings for the same words. The first step towards standardisation of writing Kreol Morisien was after the publication of the Kreol Morisien orthography in 2011 and Kreol Morisien grammar in 2012 by the Kreol Morisien Academy. Kreol Morisien obtained a national position in the year 2012 when it was introduced in educational organisations. This was a major breakthrough for Kreol Morisien to be recognised as a national language on the same level as English, French, and other oriental languages. By providing a means for Kreol Morisien speakers to connect with others, a translation system will help to preserve and strengthen the identity of the language and its speakers in an increasingly globalized world. The aim of this paper is to develop a translation system for Kreol Morisien and English. Thus, a dataset consisting of 50,000 parallel Kreol Morisien and English sentences was created, where 48,000 sentence pairs were used to train the models, while 1000 sentences were used for evaluation and another 1000 sentences were used for testing. Several machine translation systems such as statistical machine translation, open-source neural machine translation, a Transformer model with attention mechanism, and Marian machine translation are trained and evaluated. Our best model, using MarianMT, achieved a BLEU score of 0.62 for the translation of English to Kreol Morisien and a BLEU score of 0.58 for the translation of Kreol Morisien into English. To our knowledge, these are the highest BLEU scores that are available in the literature for this language pair. A high-quality translation tool for Kreol Morisien will facilitate its integration into digital platforms. This will make previously inaccessible knowledge more accessible, as the information can now be translated into the mother tongue of most Mauritians with reasonable accuracy.
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Benay, Jeanne. "Margret Kreidl ou la « dramatisation du langage »". Austriaca 53, n.º 1 (2001): 219–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/austr.2001.4367.
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M. Kreidl est la dramaturge la plus représentative du théâtre autrichien des années 1990, son parcours scriptural s'inscrivant exactement dans cette période. On peut ainsi suivre l'évolution d'un discours - avec des débuts hésitants et moins autonomes - jusqu'à l'épanouissement. Malgré la qualité de l'œuvre qui se personnalise de plus en plus, le décalage de la réception, notamment en ce qui concerne les traductions françaises, est regrettable. Mais le credo de Kreidl n'a pas changé, c'est celui de la "dramatisation du langage". On est loin d'un féminisme à sens unique ou d'une idéologie figée. Transculturelle, Kreidl a fait intervenir des variables qui doivent autant à la "théâtralité" de B. Brecht, à l'engagement subversif d'un Maïakovski, à la précision du langage d'Ilse Aichinger qu'à l'amour du détail et au refus de la psychologie des grands noms du "nouveau roman" français tels M. Duras ou F. Ponge. Aussi faut-il retenir au moins trois préoccupations clés de cette nouvelle "esthétique ouverte" : la rigueur du langage, l'engagement et le "minimalisme". Ce sont eux qui permettent à Kreidl de sculpter n'importe quel thématisme, notamment pour responsabiliser la femme et le citoyen.
46
Lang, George (George M. ). "A Primer of Haitian Literature in Kreyol". Research in African Literatures 35, n.º 2 (2004): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ral.2004.0046.
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Rajah-Carrim, Aaliya. "Choosing a spelling system for Mauritian Creole". Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 23, n.º 2 (17 de septiembre de 2008): 193–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.23.2.02raj.
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Mauritian Creole (Kreol) is a French-lexified creole spoken on post-colonial and multilingual Mauritius. Although it is extensively used, it has not been officially standardised. The choice of a given orthography reflects language beliefs and is therefore ideologically loaded. More specifically, the way creoles are standardised can reflect the bias towards these languages which are seen as inferior to, and dependent on, their lexifiers. In the Mauritian case, this issue is especially significant because there are now efforts to devise an official standard for the language. In 2004, the Government set up a committee to develop a standard orthography for MC. This paper considers use of, and attitudes to, written Kreol. The material presented is based on interviews conducted in Mauritius and participant observation. Although interviewees do not make extensive use of Kreol in written interactions, they tend to support the promotion of literacy in the language. Responses highlight the tension between Kreol and the colonial languages — English and French — and also the role of Kreol as an index of national identity. Our findings confirm that the choice of an orthographic system reflects linguistic and social hierarchies. I conclude that this study has practical social implications for the standardisation of Kreol.
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Julian, Othon-André. "Kresol - Neue Pathogenese". Allgemeine Homöopathische Zeitung 207, n.º 08 (13 de abril de 2007): 455–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-935118.
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Klunker, W. "Kresol - Teil 2". Zeitschrift für Klassische Homöopathie 29, n.º 04 (2 de abril de 2007): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-938141.
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Hench, Larry y June Wilson. "The bionic kreidl". Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 73, n.º 1-3 (agosto de 1985): xiii—xvi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(85)90333-3.
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