Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Kobayashi Hideo"

Hideo Kobayashi, who is today known as one of the most prominent literary critics of the Showa era in Japan, published Ophelia’s Will in 1931 when he was still an aspiring novelist. This novella was an adaptation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, composed as a letter written by Ophelia to Hamlet before her enigmatic death in the original play. While the novel has previously been considered as a psychological novel that sought to illustrate the inner life of the Shakespearean heroine, this paper examines the process by which Kobayashi rediscovered Hamlet as a drama that foregrounds the impenetrability of the characters’ inwardness and highlighted in Ophelia’s Will his diversion from the psychological rendition of Ophelia. In so doing, the paper analyses the revisions Kobayashi continued to make to the novel even until the post-war era, especially when it was republished in 1933 and 1949. Though these revisions have rarely been discussed by the researchers, they demonstrate the essential changes made to the novel, mainly to its literary style, which corroborates Kobayashi’s shifting interest and his developing interpretation of Shakespeare’s works and Hamlet.

Hideo Kobayashi, who is today known as one of the most prominent literary critics of the Showa era in Japan, published Ophelia’s Will in 1931 when he was still an aspiring novelist. This novella was an adaptation of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, composed as a letter written by Ophelia to Hamlet before her enigmatic death in the original play. While the novel has previously been considered as a psychological novel that sought to illustrate the inner life of the Shakespearean heroine, this paper examines the process by which Kobayashi rediscovered Hamlet as a drama that foregrounds the impenetrability of the characters’ inwardness and highlighted in Ophelia’s Will his diversion from the psychological rendition of Ophelia. In so doing, the paper analyses the revisions Kobayashi continued to make to the novel even until the post-war era, especially when it was republished in 1933 and 1949. Though these revisions have rarely been discussed by the researchers, they demonstrate the essential changes made to the novel, mainly to its literary style, which corroborates Kobayashi’s shifting interest and his developing interpretation of Shakespeare’s works and Hamlet.

Abstract Histone modifications play crucial roles in transcriptional activation, and aberrant epigenetic changes are associated with oncogenesis. Lysine (K) acetyltransferases 5 (KAT5) is reportedly implicated in cancer development and maintenance, although the role of KAT5 in lung cancer largely remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that KAT5 expression was lower in lung adenocarcinoma than normal lung cells. Overexpression of KAT5 had no effect on tumor proliferation and migration, whereas knockdown of KAT5 paradoxically decreased those activities. To assess KAT5 function in lung tumorigenesis in adults, we generated a lung cancer mouse model in which Kat5 is conditionally deleted in lung. We achieved this by crossing lung-specific EGFR-L858R-T790M transgenic mice with conditional Kat5 knockout mice, and found that complete deletion of Kat5 resulted in suppression of tumor formation. To investigate downstream genes of KAT5, we performed RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis using H1975 KAT5 inducible knockdown cells and control cells. We identified a transglutaminase enzyme, TGM5, as one of downstream of KAT5. We furthermore identified artemisinin, an anti-malarial drug, as a potent KAT5 inhibitor by using the connectivity map database, and treatment with artemisinin suppressed tumor growth and induced apoptosis in vitro an in vivo. Taken together, suppression of KAT5 activity shows a tumor-specific efficacy against lung cancer in which KAT5 expression is lower, with no definite influence on normal tissues. Thereby, targeting KAT5 is a potent candidate for the treatment of lung cancer. Citation Format: Daisuke Jefferson Shibahara, Naoki Akanuma, Eunyoung Heo, Mariko Ando, Ikei S. Kobayashi, Masanori Fujii, Prin Paul, Gilbert Pan, Danniel G. Tenen, Hideo Watanabe, Susumu S. Kobayashi. Role of KAT5 in non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3723.

This article discusses four Hamlet adaptations produced in twentieth-century Japan: Naoya Shiga’s ‘Claudius’s Diary’ (1912), Hideo Kobayashi’s ‘Ophelia’s Testament’ (1931), Osamu Dazai’s New Hamlet (1941) and Shohei Ooka’s Hamlet’s Diary (1955). Though differently motivated, and written in different styles, they collectively make something of a tradition, each revealing a unique, unexpected interpretation of the famous tragedy. Read as a group, they thoroughly disprove the stereotypical view that Japan has generally taken a highly respectful, imitative attitude to Western culture and Shakespeare. Hamlet has certainly been revered in Japan as the epitome of Western literary culture, but these adaptations reveal complicated, ambivalent attitudes towards Shakespeare’s play: not only love and respect, but anxiety, competitiveness, resistance and criticism, all expressed alongside an opportunistic urge to appropriate the rich ‘cultural capital’ of the canonical work.

Abstract Background: Radiation-induced angiosarcoma (RIAS) of the breast is a very rare disease. Previous studies from other countries have been reported that patients having RIAS has a poor prognosis, and the efficacy of chemotherapy is still controversial. However, the prognosis of RIAS and the prognostic impact of pre- or postoperative chemotherapy for RIAS in Japanese population are not well known. Our study aimed to assess them in Japanese population using publication data with the cases from our institute. Methods: We obtained 36 Japanese patients data from thirty-four original articles from 2007 to 2020 and 3 patients from our database. Clinicopathological data including age at diagnosis of RIAS, surgery for RIAS, pre- or postoperative chemotherapy for RIAS, regimen of chemotherapy, tumor size, stage for primary breast cancer, and systematic treatment for breast cancer were collected. We assessed disease-free survival (DFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log rank test. Hazard ratios were estimated from Cox models. Results: The median age at diagnosis of RIAS was 73.0 years (range, 32-89 years). A median follow-up period was 22 months (range, 6-84 months). RIAS developed on the breast in 36 patients (92.3%) and on chest wall in 3 patients (7.7%). Thirty-six patients (92.3%) underwent surgery. Chemotherapy was administered to 13 cases (33.2%); preoperatively in 3 patients and postoperatively in 10 patients. All patients had received taxane-based chemotherapy. The median size of tumor in pathological examination was 43.5 mm (range, 9-100 mm). There was no difference of patient’s characteristics between patients with or without chemotherapy. The median DFS period was 14 months (range 1-75 months), and the median OS period was 22 months (range, 6-84 months). Chemotherapy in addition to surgery significantly improved DFS period (19 vs 12 months, p=0.027), and DDFS tended to be prolonged by adding chemotherapy (p=0.06). However, chemotherapy did not improved OS (p=0.878). In multivariate analysis, age ≥ 70 years and no chemotherapy for RIAS were the independent poor prognostic factors for DFS. Conclusions: Our study showed that chemotherapy might reduce recurrence rate of RIAS in Japanese patients but did not improve OS. Further studies are warranted to confirm the prognostic impact and proper regimen of chemotherapy for RIAS. Citation Format: Yuri Takehara, Naoko Matsuda, Daiki Kobayashi, Atsushi Yoshida, Junko Takei, Hiroko Tsunoda, Naoki Kanomata, Hideko Yamauchi, Naoki Hayashi. Radiation induced angiosarcoma of the breast: Chemotherapy for radiation induced angiosarcoma of the breast - An individual participant data meta-analysis of Japanese population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-23-07.

Abstract Background: DNAs extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are fragmented and contain a significant amount of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). We found that most of the false-positive mutations in clinical sequencing with FFPE samples are ssDNA-derived artifacts. During the end-repair step of library preparation, chimeric reads are generated by mis-annealing of ssDNA molecules comprising homologous sequences with a mismatched base. The mismatched base is called as a false-positive mutation, and the position of the base is biased towards the effective ends in the individual reads because either side of the chimeric read should be soft-clipped by the mapping pipeline. Based on this theory, we developed a post hoc filter, MicroSEC, to predict such artifacts in FFPE samples. Methods: Fifty-three fresh frozen (FF) and 190 FFPE normal breast tissue samples and 23 FF and 33 FFPE breast cancer samples were obtained from 26 patients, and subjected to capture-based panel sequencing (Todai OncoPanel, TOP). We also obtained TOP data from 54 FFPE various tumor samples. MicroSEC was developed to predict artifacts with BAM files based on the positional bias of mutations within each read. The predictions were validated with amplicon-based sequencing of 97 mutations. We also developed a model which predicts artifacts only from the mutated base information without corresponding BAM files, by using 5,034 MicroSEC predictions as the supervised data with the LightGBM technique. A total of 742,030 mutations from the AACR Project GENIE were examined with the model. Results: Among the normal breast tissues, we identified 0.3 and 11.7 somatic mutations per sample in FF and FFPE specimens, and 0 (0%) and 10.1 (86.0%) were filtered out by MicroSEC, respectively. Two unique mutations with variant allele frequency of >50% in FFPE samples were eliminated. From the breast cancer specimens, we identified 4.0 and 10.7 mutations per sample in FF and FFPE, and 0 (0%) and 3.2 (30.2%) were filtered out, respectively. In the clinical sequencing data of 54 FFPE tumor samples, we identified 21.6 mutations per sample and 3.6 (16.6%) including five unique pathogenic mutations were filtered out. The validation study showed that the sensitivity and specificity for artifacts of MicroSEC were 97% (95% confidence interval (CI): 82%-100%) and 96% (95% CI: 88%-99%), respectively. Further, the prediction model reproduced the MicroSEC predictions with an area under the ROC curve of 0.995. The model detected 2,512 mutations (0.34%) as artifacts from Project GENIE data. There was a difference in the artifact detection rate between institutions, and 815 (1.45%) of the 56,100 mutations reported by UCSF were predicted as artifacts. Conclusions: MicroSEC removes only FFPE artifacts without eliminating true mutations found in FF samples. Our pipeline will increase the reliability of the clinical sequencing and advance cancer research using FFPE samples. Citation Format: Masachika Ikegami, Shinji Kohsaka, Takeshi Hirose, Toshihide Ueno, Satoshi Inoue, Naoki Kanomata, Hideko Yamauchi, Taisuke Mori, Shigeki Sekine, Yoshihiro Inamoto, Yasushi Yatabe, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Sakae Tanaka, Toru Akiyama, Tomotake Okuma, Hiroyuki Mano. MicroSEC: Sequence error filter for formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2185.

Abstract Background: COVID-19 vaccination-related lymphadenopathy is a frequent imaging finding which may be indistinguishable from malignant nodal involvement and lead to diagnostic difficulties in patients with cancer or healthy individuals on cancer screening. An expert panel of the leading cancer centers in United States recommended routine imaging examinations should be scheduled at least 6 weeks after the final vaccination to allow for any reactive lymphadenopathy to resolve. However, there were no prospective trials regarding COVID-19 vaccination-related lymphadenopathy and the evidence was so limited. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and imaging characteristics of COVID-19 vaccination-related axillary lymphadenopathy and assess the recovery period. Methods: We prospectively enrolled healthy women working at the St. Luke’s International Hospital who received Pfizer COVID-19 vaccination within 8 weeks before enrollment between May 10th and 27th, 2021. Women with a history of any type of cancer or axillary surgery, active atopic dermatitis and auto-immune disease were excluded. Participants underwent ultrasound examinations for bilateral axilla at the enrollment. Lymphadenopathy was defined as demonstrating an enlarged node(s) with more than 5mm in short axis by ultrasound imaging in this trial. As for imaging characteristics, status of cortical thickening, echogenic hilus and vascularity of lymph nodes were evaluated. Other side effects by vaccination were assessed by a questionnaire. If lymphadenopathy was detected, we followed the participant by ultrasound examination every three weeks until the lymphadenopathy was resolved. We evaluated the incidence rate and imaging characteristics of lymphadenopathy detected by ultrasound examination, and the recovery period required for improvement of the lymphadenopathy. We also validated the association of the lymphadenopathy with the participant characteristics and other side effects. Results: A total of 135 women were enrolled in this study. Participants' median age was 37 years (range 23-63). Median time from the latest vaccination to the enrollment was 45 days (range 8-56). In the ultrasound examination at enrollment, axillary lymphadenopathy was observed in 67 participants (50%) on the injected (ipsilateral) side. In the contralateral axilla, 13 participants (10%) showed lymphadenopathy. In the ipsilateral axilla, the number of enlarged node(s) was 1 node in 25 cases (19%), 2 nodes in 24 cases (18%), 3 nodes in 13 cases (10%), 4 nodes in 4 cases (3%) and 5 nodes in 1 case (1%). Regarding the ipsilateral enlarged lymph node, focal cortical thickening was observed in 58 cases (43%) and the absence of the echogenic hilus was observed in 15 cases (11%). Hypervascularity was observed in 15 cases (11%). Incidence of the lymphadenopathy was not statistically correlated with participant’s age or incidence of fever due to vaccination. At 6 weeks after the latest vaccination, the rate of ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy was 48%, 40% at 8 weeks, and 6% at 12 weeks. In participants with lymphadenopathy, median recovery period to resolve the lymphadenopathy was 75 days from the latest vaccination. Conclusion: A half of participants showed COVID-19 vaccination-related axillary lymphadenopathy and the imaging characteristics were often indistinguishable from malignant nodal involvement. Therefore, patients with breast cancer should be vaccinated on the contralateral arm to the cancer side to avoid diagnostic conundrum. The lymphadenopathy was commonly observed even in 8 weeks, and mostly resolved after 12 weeks from the vaccination. Therefore, non-urgent imaging examinations such as screening would be recommended to be scheduled at least 12 weeks following the latest vaccination. Citation Format: Kumiko Kida, Hiroko Tsunoda, Risa Kasahara, Chika Tsutsumi, Akiko Numata, Yuri Takehara, Atsushi Yoshida, Junko Takei, Naoki Hayashi, Daiki Kobayashi, Hideko Yamauchi. Prospective ultrasonographic surveillance study for incidence and recovery period of COVID-19 vaccination-related axillary lymphadenopathy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-01-01.

A água está, sem dúvida, no centro dos mais antigos sistemas de crenças, mitos e saberes humanos. No Ocidente, a tradição de pensamento dominante, que se afirmou a partir da civilização grega foi, progressivamente, convertendo o culto e respeito pela água pelo seu uso intenso. A revolução cientí- fica dos séculos XVI e XVII, com seu postulado de colocação da natureza ao serviço do Homem, intensificou a exploração da água e a degradação de seus reservatórios naturais. Nas Américas, a maioria das civilizações pré-colombianas e pré-cabralianas mantiveram, mais tempo, segundo diferentes formas o culto da água. Viajando pelo Peru, numa sempre renovada rota de aprofundamento de outras culturas e outros tempos, visitei a Huaca (templo) Arco-íris, situado a 3,5 km de Trujillo e que, no passado, terá integra- do a antiga cidade Chimú de Chan Chan. Tal templo estará exatamente relacionado com o culto da divindade Arco-Íris, a fertilidade da terra e... a água (em especial a chuva). Tal culto revela-se no ondulado que envolve as restantes figuras, incluindo as listas do arco-íris, e que, exatamente, repre- senta a água. Com a fotografia na minha câmera, não resisti à tentação de abusar um pouco mais da paciência do Editor Chefe, que tão gentilmente me convidou para organizar esta edição, pedindo- lhe que, mesmo em cima da saída da revista me permitisse alterar um pouco este editorial para incluir a bela imagem que se segue [ver em PDF : Texto completo, p.3].Após as colonizações e descolonizações, em muitos casos, perdeu-se ou, no mínimo, esbateu-se a matriz das civilizações originais e a água e seus reservatórios, em especial rios e mares, bem como seus limites terrestres vêm sendo sujeitos a intensas e perturbadoras formas de exploração. Assim, a água é um bem precioso, paradoxalmente omnipresente e escasso. Omnipresente porque, do ponto de vista meramente natural, ela modela a Terra existindo em seus três estados, um pouco por todo o lado, à superfície, em profundidade e na atmosfera, sendo o principal constituinte dos organismos vivos, incluindo o Homem. Escasso porque do ponto de vista da necessidade humana, a água doce necessária a diversos usos é uma pequeníssima porcentagem da água total da Terra e com uma distribuição global muito desigual. Escasso, ainda, porque o Homem, de forma algo irres- ponsável, compromete a sua qualidade e altera irresponsavelmente o equilíbrio da generalidade de seus reservatórios. Devido a opções de organização da vida humana pouco equilibradas com as lógicas ambientais da Terra, em especial uma urbanização massiva, deficientemente planejada ou sem qualquer planejamento e opções de desenvolvimento desadequadas, o Homem vem agravan- do os riscos e os desastres relacionados seja como um “excesso” (inundações e alagamentos) ou “falta” (secas) de água. Em muitos locais da Terra já se luta pela água. De bem público, património da Humanidade, que a todos deve ser acessível, cada vez mais a água é privatizada. Por isso, a água e os possíveis desastres com ela relacionados se constitui, cada vez mais, como uma das maiores fontes de preocupação do mundo atual. Este Dossier das Águas: Gestão do Património Hídrico dedica a esta temática e problemática um conjunto de seis relevantes artigos com uma grande diversidade de olhares e propostas de reflexão. Para além desses artigos incluem-se mais dois, referentes a temas correlatos que a revista Labor & Engenho normalmente abrange. Quanto ao dossiê incluímos o artigo de Craig Colten que nos traz os problemas do Rio Mississipi e do litoral de Luisiana, nos Estados Unidos, fazendo um histórico das políticas ambientais passa- das e nos projetando no atual confronto entre: por um lado, a tendência de privilegiar intervenções técnicas de reengenharia, sem a participação das comunidades tradicionais que vivem de econo- mias baseadas na utilização sustentável dos recursos naturais; por outro lado, tendências menos tecnicistas e musculadas, que as referidas comunidades possam ajudar a definir. O texto de Luci Braga e André Ferrão compara a gestão dos recursos hídricos no Brasil e em França, salientando “a semelhança nos seus conceitos [...] e novas práticas gestoras”, que estão presentes tanto na Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, como na Diretiva Europeia da Água, e salientam como principal diferença o fato de que no Brasil, ao contrário de França, não existe a instância de uma comissão local de água, e os municípios se envolvem muito pouco com os comitês de bacia. Finalizam debatendo como um maior comprometimento das autoridades municipais pode otimizar a gestão integrada dos sistemas hídricos e territoriais, e ajudar a “reduzir o risco de desastres relacionados com a água”. Mário Freitas e Patrícia Kaetsu analisam a tendência de planejamento e gestão linear e reducionis- ta dos recurso hídricos e de risco e desastres com eles diretamente relacionados, como a estiagem. Com base num trabalho de pesquisa realizado no Oeste de Santa Catarina, afirmam a necessidade de mudança de paradigma com adopção de formas de planejamento e gestão sistêmicos complexos. Tomando como referência o caso da estiagem, debatem o conceito e integram-no na perspectiva mais ampla de gestão dos recursos hídricos. Após alguma contextualização teórica sobre as abordagens sistémicas, nomeadamente, no que se refere a recursos hídricos, apresentam e analisam exemplos de formas de análise sistémica, particularmente exemplos dos chamados “arquétipos” e de diagramas causais sistémicos complexos elaborados sobre a problemática da estiagem, no decorrer da pesquisa realizada no oeste catarinense. Luciana Fernandes nos aborda a crise hídrica “nas regiões das bacias hidrográficas do Alto Tietê e dos rios Piracicaba, Capivari e Jundiaí” defendendo que, mais do que uma crise se trata de um “colapso”, previamente anunciado, e que, como tal, revela “um planejamento inconsistente e ine- ficaz” e não cumprimento da Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos. Sérgio Portella, Simone Oliveira e Roberta Dutra trazem-nos uma abordagem sociológica centrada nas questões da participação social na resolução de problemas ambientais decorrentes de ações humanas que, segundo os autores, “podem ser discutidos a partir de uma mesma palavra cataliza- dora de todas as incertezas: água”. Lembrando que sob a designação “participação social” se abri- gam “as mais variadas ações, formas e concepções”, defendem a necessidade de que toda a partici- pação seja registrada, estudada e apoiada e, tomando por base a rica produção coletiva do plano de emergência nas regiões serranas de Rio de Janeiro analisam a “incapacidade dos governantes e pesquisadores de absorvê-la”.Numa lógica de abordagem mais física, Masato Kobiyama, Gean Michel, Elisiele Engster e Maurício Paixão nos apresentam os resultados de um “Web survey” de estudos científico-técnicos sobre corridas de detritos, realizados no Brasil, entre 1900 e 2014, e concluem da existência de um relativamente baixo número de publicações brasileiras nesse domínio. Com base em tal evidência sugerem várias ações que vão desde a uniformização de conceitos e terminologias, até ao desenvolvimento de estudos sobre corridas de detritos de madeira, passando pela construção de uma base de dados para registro dessas ocorrências e sistematização de monitoramento hidro- meteorológico e levantamento topográfico. Juan Wyss Porras, Susumu Shimada, Jun Yoshino e Tomonao Kobayashi analisam o impacto da instalação de um sistema fotovoltaico de larga escala para a gestão da rede elétrica, como resultado de uma série de trabalhos desenvolvidos no Japão, de grande interesse para a Guatemala, cujo con- texto foi tomado como estudo de caso. Os autores apresentam uma simulação de geração fotovol- taica pela aplicação de um modelo meteorológico. Gabriela Araújo, partindo de diferentes enfoques sobre as teorias da paisagem cultural, identifica algumas Ferramentas para a valorização da dita paisagem. Tal análise constituiu um ponto de partida para a pesquisa de como os habitantes e os visitantes da paisagem do Circuito Las Yungas de Tucumán, no norte da Argentina, percebem esse território e como isso poderá contribuir para um adequado desenvolvimento do turismo. As considerações avançadas estão dirigidas a especia- listas em planejamento urbano, membros do governo e instituições que podem influenciar as políticas urbanas. Mário Jorge Cardoso Coelho Freitas Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina / Universidade do Minho

Abstract The recent surge in materialist thought, namely New Materialism, has significant implications for political theory. They challenge the fundamental dichotomy upheld in the modern West between human agency and inert nature by revealing the affective quality of nature and granting it the status of the agency. However, does the non-West face risks if it attempts to overcome the modern Western notion of inert nature? If so, is there any way to avoid these risks? To pursue these questions, I take up the writings of political thinker Maruyama Masao (丸山眞男) and literary critic Kobayashi Hideo (小林秀雄) on the political implications of materiality. Maruyama ascribes Kobayashi's alleged collaboration with Japan's World War II policy to his passive acceptance of the felt reality. Regarding such passive acceptance as endemic to Japanese thought, Maruyama traces it back to the notion of an early-modern Kokugaku thinker Motoori Norinaga, “the way to things.” Against Maruyama's criticism, I argue (1) that Kobayashi's interpretation of Motoori's “way to things” resonates with the current New Materialism, and (2) that Kobayashi's materialism does not necessarily lead to passive acceptance of the external world, but rather can be pursued in a more productive way.