Tesis sobre el tema "Knowledge policy"
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Vavra, Curtiss John. "Policy Knowledge Communication in Nursing". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7440.
Texto completoBjerhem, Elin. "Knowledge is Power -About Swedish Politicians' Knowledge Concerning Migration Policy". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21123.
Texto completoHuang, Biao 1970. "Global Knowledge Network". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8660.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 112-115).
The convergence of Digital Economy, Globalization, and Knowledge-based Economy, creates the potential for Global Knowledge Networks and e-Knowledge Commerce. "The e-knowledge markets will grow to be a $1 trillion global micro-economy by 2010," estimated by Kaieteur Institute For Knowledge Management in 2000. The next wave of growth is likely to be associated with E-Knowledge Commerce, far exceeding the ECommerce. However, up to date, significant disconnections exist among Digital Economy, Knowledge-based Economy, and Globalization. e-Knowledge Commerce is too new to have business models to exist in either the business world or literatures. This thesis tries to fill this significant gap, by focusing on a new type of global institutional development, known as Global Knowledge Network, by defining its characteristic features and formulating the relevant 'best business models.' More specifically, this thesis (a) determines and formulates business models relevant for different types of e-Knowledge Commerce, and (b) explores how to develop the functionality of a Global Knowledge Network such as Global System for Sustainable Development (GSSD) in the context of e-Knowledge Commerce. Furthermore, this thesis examines the policy and legal issues in e-Knowledge Commerce & Global Knowledge Network, such as intellectual property right, customer privacy, digital trusted system, security such as firewalls, encryption, watermark, etc. Finally, draws conclusions about e-Knowledge Commerce & Global Knowledge Network and provides some recommendations for further research work.
by Biao Huang.
S.M.
Tödtling, Franz, Michaela Trippl y Lukas Lengauer. "Towards regional knowledge economics. Routes and policy options". Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/266/1/document.pdf.
Texto completoSeries: SRE - Discussion Papers
Wong, Susan. "Regional development and telecommunications policy in Western Australia : accessing knowledge to inform policy through complexity and action research /". Wong, Susan (2006) Regional development and telecommunications policy in Western Australia: accessing knowledge to inform policy through complexity and action research. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/455/.
Texto completoRaghavan, Amrith 1976. "Re-engineering knowledge networks for development". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17661.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references.
This thesis examines the evolution of Internet based knowledge networks (e-knowledge networks) in the domain of sustainable development. The objective of this thesis is to use an engineering systems approach to understand knowledge networks, identify the barriers to their sustainability and recommend strategies for re-engineering them. e-Knowledge Networks refer to the set of Internet based tools and platforms that support communication, collaboration and group decision-making processes amongst groups of individuals. e-knowledge networks are particularly important in the context of international development initiatives that recognize that knowledge is the key to technological change and sustainable economic development. This thesis is intended to aid knowledge network managers and researchers in their efforts towards making their knowledge networks sustainable. The thesis addresses in depth the most important barrier towards a knowledge network's sustainability- the problem of collective action among the participants of a knowledge network. It takes the view that knowledge is a public good, and a knowledge network would face the problem of under provision of this public good due the problem of free-riding and lack of mechanisms to mobilize collective action. This thesis provides guidelines and recommendations for the restructuring of incentives and organizational policies and the re-engineering of the technology to overcome this barrier. The thesis first outlines a framework and taxonomy for describing different knowledge network configurations and maps out the state of existence of important knowledge networks existing in the sustainable development domain within this framework. It then provides individual and comparative
(cont.) studies of two important knowledge networks related to sustainable development- the MIT developed Global System for Sustainable Development (GSSD) and the Development Gateway's Knowledge Network. The engineering systems approach used in this thesis enables the study of each of the sub-systems that make up a knowledge network- the human subsystem, the technological subsystem and the institutional subsystem. This is done with the view towards providing insights into the structure of the network and the network of relationships that develop within a Knowledge Network, determining the motivations that drives the creators and the participants and the incentives that have been engineered into the technological and organizational policies to meet these motivations and assessing the quality, quantity and the evolution of knowledge and the throughput of participants in the network. A detailed description of each of the subsystems is provided and the interrelationships amongst them are analyzed and the result is synthesized to develop an integrated framework for the assessment of knowledge networks.
by Amrith Raghavan.
S.M.
Amakali, Tangi Rebekka. "Inclusive design policy implementation : an organizational knowledge creation perspective". Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75515/.
Texto completoMonngakgotla, Oabona C. "Policy makers knowledge and practices of intellectual property rights on indigenous knowledge systems in Botswana". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07222008-123004/.
Texto completoSato, Atsuko. "Beyond boundaries Japan, knowledge, and transnational networks in global atmospheric politics /". Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/53965208.html.
Texto completoLim, Shung Yar 1979. "Global knowledge networking for the multinational enterprise". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17563.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 122-126).
This thesis proposes a technology strategy that is formulated to serve as the foundation for a holistic. global knowledge networking strategy for multinational enterprises (MNEs). This thesis is framed in the context of the increasing salience of knowledge for all enterprises, everywhere, today. The uncertainties of the marketplace, global e-business opportunities born of the Internet revolution, and the paradigmatic shifts in thought on organizational design have amplified the demand for the right knowledge of the right kind at the right time. The multi-dimensional nature of knowledge and the complexities of enterprise activities are compounded by the fact that enterprises today are increasingly globalized and seeking to globally expand its activities. The capabilities to acquire quality-controlled knowledge within the necessary time-horizons, and the capabilities to leverage and diffuse acquired knowledge throughout the organization have become critical. However, the mechanisms by which to perform and enable these functions are not strategically integrated across the organization, and on a global basis. This thesis focuses on the knowledge network as a mechanism and as a process by which to coordinate innovation and learning for enterprises and enterprise-value-networks on a global basis. While knowledge networks have been formed in both non-profit and for-profit sectors, this thesis will be concerned solely with knowledge networks for businesses. Knowledge networks can be analyzed into technology and human elements, but often there is no coordinating strategy that synthesizes both elements into integrative solutions that can capture the value of knowledge for the enterprise. The hypothesis . guiding this thesis is that existing models of knowledge networking are not sufficiently holistic. and proposes an integrated knowledge networking strategy that leverages both technology infrastructure and human competencies in meeting organizational knowledge requirements. The emergent nature of strategically initiated knowledge networks in business can adapt knowledge networking solutions that have been developed in the non-profit sector. One such framework for knowledge networking from the non-profit sector is the GSSD (Global System for Sustainable Development) initiative, developed in MIT with partners in academic institutions around the world, is one such methodology that aims to facilitate knowledge flows and knowledge sharing on a global scale. This thesis (a) develops a technology strategy that adapts the GSSD framework for enterprises that operate on a global scale, (b) illustrates its conceptual feasibility by proposing several designs for GSSD-E, or GSSD for the enterprise, and (c) applies the designs to a test case. The test case is a conceptual implementation of the GSSD-E design for Sony Environmental Management Systems. The thesis concludes by suggesting further possible directions in researching GSSD-E possibilities.
by Shung Yar Lim.
S.M.
Seaton, Roger A. F. "Technology, knowledge translation and policy : conceptual frameworks and case-studies". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3460.
Texto completoBackhouse, Peter. "Medical knowledge, medical power : doctors and health policy in Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb126.pdf.
Texto completoSarikaki, Alexandra. "Fertility decline in Greece : knowledge gaps in fertility policy debates". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55401/.
Texto completoWhitman, Geoff Peter. "Environmental knowledge and policy construction : the English less favoured areas". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427299.
Texto completoDaga, Enrico. "Knowledge components and methods for policy propagation in data flows". Thesis, Open University, 2018. http://oro.open.ac.uk/55762/.
Texto completoMalik, Ali. "Democracy and epistocracy reconciled? : the Scottish Police Authority and police governance in Scotland after 2012". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25843.
Texto completoBenjamin, Elissa M. "Response-to-Intervention: Understanding General Education Teacher Knowledge and Implementation". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/78.
Texto completoPosner, Stephen Mark. "The impact of ecosystem services knowledge on decisions". ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/413.
Texto completoGrünfelder, Manon y Angelika Hartner. "What influences Knowledge Sharing?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73531.
Texto completoHayward, Sally. "Knowledge and skills in the global economy : the case of the European biotechnology industry". Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363460.
Texto completoGhosal, Somnath. "Non-timber forest products in West Bengal : knowledge, livelihoods and policy". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11429/.
Texto completoEllis, David. "Policy information needs and uses : knowledge dissemination and new telematic technologies". Virtual Press, 1989. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/543985.
Texto completoCenter for Information and Communication Sciences
Trippl, Michaela, Joshua von Gabain y Franz Tödtling. "Policy agents as catalysts of knowledge links in the biotechnology sector". Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2006. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1742/1/document.pdf.
Texto completoSeries: SRE - Discussion Papers
Ladi, Stella. "Globalization, Europeanisation and policy transfer : a comparative study of knowledge institutions". Thesis, University of York, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10817/.
Texto completocom, suheureux@gmail y Susan Wong. "Regional Development and Telecommunications Policy in Western Australia: Accessing knowledge to inform policy through complexity and action research". Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070427.120905.
Texto completoGrewal, Baljit Singh. "Neoliberalism and discourse case studies of knowledge policies in the Asia-Pacific : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), 2008". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/407.
Texto completoRajagopal, Anand 1979. "A knowledge services roadmay for online learning". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30200.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (p. 76-78).
In today's society, there is a need for organizations to have a robust knowledge infrastructure in place, so that they can create or acquire knowledge; store knowledge; disseminate knowledge, and protect and manage their knowledge assets. However, with advances in the publishing media, our ability to generate information has far exceeded our abilities to find, review and understand it, thus leading to "Information Overload". Information overload refers to the inability to extract needed knowledge from existing information due to the volume of information, or lack of understanding of information and its whereabouts, or efficient ways to locate relevant information. These issues could be addressed by having efficient Knowledge Management Systems/Knowledge Services, so that people can create and understand available information, and have services to help them learn effectively and make better decisions. To tackle the new information needs, the use of technologies such as Weblog Services (weblog-enabled knowledge services) offer opportunities for decentralized knowledge creation and dissemination; as such tools put the authors in charge of knowledge creation process without any administration-enforced policies. Learning environments are also typically characterized by challenges such as barriers to use, quality control and relevance issues, or issues of credibility of information. These issues are effectively tackled by weblog services since weblogs are often open source and need no training for authoring. In addition, favorite blogs act as information filters or "bird dogs" and point at useful information. Feedback incorporated in weblog services makes people react and learn "interactively" and also enhances credibility and trust in information.
(cont.) Weblog services can also share published content through the process of Content Syndication, and thus offer an insight into knowledge assets in the timeliest of ways. This thesis report describes certain weblog services implementations carried out at MIT. Results of such implementations have emphasized the applications of such weblog (knowledge) services in knowledge sharing and online learning. However, there are certain issues to be addressed in weblog services such as privacy and intellectual property issues, as well as resolution of organizational tussles in the domain of content syndication standards.
by Anand Rajagopal.
S.M.
Maasdorp, Christiaan Hendrik. "Structure, wellspring or content? : a conceptual analysis of the notion of tacit knowledge in knowledge management theory". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50109.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The thesis is a conceptual analysis of the concept of tacit knowledge. The analysis consist of comparing the function of the concept of tacit knowledge in a number of selected theories from its origin in the philosophy of Michael Polanyi, through its introduction to organisation theory and its eventual application in knowledge management theory. Inthe work of Michael Polanyi the concept of tacit knowledge functions as the logical structure underlying all forms of knowledge. In terms of Polanyi tacit and explicit knowledge are not two separable phenomena, because all knowledge is rooted in the act of tacit integration. Ikujiro Nonaka adapted Polanyi's epistemology and within his framework the concept of tacit knowledge signifies the unstructured subjective realm that is the wellspring of individual creativity. Nonaka asserts firstly, that the phenomenon of tacit knowledge is a knowledge content that is distinct from explicit knowledge content and secondly, that it is possible to convert the one type of knowledge into the other. Nonaka's model includes a spiral process of interaction in which tacit knowledge is converted into explicit knowledge and back into tacit knowledge again. The last chapter relates the conclusions reached upon the comparison of the function of the concept in the theories of Nonaka and Polanyi, with its reception in knowledge management theory. It is argued that in knowledge management the concept of tacit knowledge denotes knowledge content that cannot be communicated as information. It is also shown how Nonaka' s model was integrated into a sender receiver model of communication, thus incorporating it into the information processing paradigm. It is furthermore conjectured that the concept of tacit knowledge forms part of an attempt to bridge an epistemological gap facing the discourse on organisational knowledge. Lastly, it is concluded that it appears to be impossible to use the concept of tacit knowledge to overcome this epistemological problem, without an ontological shift away from the information processing paradigm.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tesis is 'n konseptuele analise van die konsep van implisiete ('tacit') kennis. Die analise bestaan uit 'n vergelyking van die funksie van die konsep van implisiete kennis in 'n aantal geselekteerde teorieë, van die oorsprong van die term in die filosofie van Michael Polanyi, deur die aanpassing van die konsep in organisasie teorie, tot die toepassing daarvan in kennisbestuursteorie. In die werk van Polanyi funksioneer die konsep as die logiese struktuur wat die onderbou van alle vorme van kennis is. In terme van Polanyi is implisiete en eksplisiete kennis nie twee aparte fenomene nie, want alle kennis is gewortel in die askie van implisiete integrasie. Ikujiro Nonaka het Polanyi se epistemologie aangepas en binne sy raamwerk funksioneer die begrip as 'n beskrywing van die ongestruktureerde subjektiewe domein wat die bron van individuele kreatiwiteit is. Volgens Nonaka is die fenomeen van implisiete kennis eerstens 'n kennisinhoud wat onderskeibaar is van eksplisiete kennisinhoud, en tweedens dat dit moontlik is om die een soort kennis om te skakel in die ander en omgekeerd. Nonaka se model sluit 'n spiral-proses van interaksie in waarin implisiete kennis omgeskakel word na eksplisiete kennis en weer terug in implisiete kennis. Die laaste hoofstuk belig die ontvangs van die konsep van implisiete kennis in kennisbestuursteorie teen die agtergrond van die vergelyking van die funksionering van die konsep in die teorieë van Polanyi en Nonaka. Daar word geargumenteer dat in kennisbestuursteorie die konsep verwys na kennisinhoud wat nie geredelik omgeskakel kan word na informasie en dus gekommunikeer kan word nie. Daar word getoon hoe Nonaka se model met 'n sender-ontvanger kommunikasie-model geïntegreer word en dus geïnkorporeer word in die informasie prossesseringsparadigma. Verder word gespekuleer dat die konsep gebruik word in 'n poging om 'n epistemologiese gaping in die diskoers rondom organisatoriese kennis te oorbrug. Laastens is die slotsom dat dit blyk onmoontlik te wees om die konsep van implisiete kennis te gebruik om die epistemologiese probleem op te los, sonder 'n fundamentele ontologiese skuif weg vanaf die informasie prossesseringsparadigma.
Lam, Man-wing Edwin y 林文榮. "The HKSAR knowledge-based economy: promotion and inclusion". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36451927.
Texto completoCoburn, Jason. "Street science : the fusing of local and professional knowledge in environmental policy". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8522.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (p. 280-300).
his dissertation analyzes how local knowledge improves environmental decisions. The premise is that controlling pollution and addressing public health disparities are not problems that professionals alone can solve. Concerned lay publics, especially low-income populations and people of color that experience the greatest environmental health risks, are demanding a greater role in describing, researching and prescribing solutions for the hazards they face. Seeking environmental justice, these communities are demanding to "speak for themselves," often drawing on their first hand experience-here called local knowledge -to challenge expert-lay distinctions and how professionals define and prioritize which problems warrant attention. Community participation in environmental decisions is putting pressure on policy-makers to find new ways of fusing the expertise of professional scientists with insights from the local knowledge of communities. This dissertation asks how the local knowledge of community members can improve environmental decision-making? In answering this question, I explore the ways residents of the Greenpoint/Williamsburg neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, are organizing and using their knowledge of local environmental and health hazards to both improve local conditions and influence the judgments of professionals. In particular, this study analyzes how local knowledge was fused with professional insight in four neighborhood environmental health problems:
(cont.) (1) risks from subsistence fish diets; (2) asthma afflicting the Latino population; (3) childhood lead poisoning; and, (4) the mapping of air pollution sources. Through these cases, I describe local knowledge, reveal how it differs from professional knowledge, show the different contributions it makes to environmental politics, and highlight some conditions that contribute to the successful professional uptake of local knowledge. Ultimately, I show that local knowledge can improve environmental policy making in at least four ways: a) epistemology - adding to the knowledge base of environmental policy; b) procedural democracy - including new and previously silenced voices; c) efficiency - providing low cost policy solutions; and, e) distributive justice - highlighting inequitable distributions of environmental burdens.
by Jason Coburn.
Ph.D.
Seshasai, Satwiksai 1980. "Managing global software development teams : technology and policy proposals for knowledge sharing". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32291.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 94-97).
This thesis uses an in-depth case study, with integrated data analysis, to compare and contrast globally distributed and co-located software teams within the IBM Corporation. Important differences in information sharing, collaboration and other behaviors were observed, along with a range of innovations in work operations. Technology and policy implications that draw on the benefits of each model are identified. The development of this thesis began with a seminar that was conducted at MIT to invite stakeholders in various areas of knowledge-based offshore outsourcing to discuss strategic, economic, organizational and technical issues raised in various environments. Large and small firms, various industries, and various business models were covered. The context provided by these stakeholders was used to design an in-depth case study at IBM, with the focus on a matched pair of software teams, which were studied for a period of one year. Both software teams were identical in aspects such as product scope, team size and domain; however, they differed in the key aspect that one team's members all work on the same hallway while the other team's members are geographically dispersed among multiple locations in the United States and India Quantitative technical data from the source control system of each team, the software problem report database, frequency and content of group emails, weekly meetings, and individual interviews were combined with qualitative data from stakeholder interviews to distinguish key benefits and challenges of each model. The quantitative measures gauged data such as frequency and methods of collaboration, social and technical networks, and differences in handling strategic and tactical decisions.
(cont.) The qualitative interviews discussed stakeholder perceptions of the quantitative data, and their motivations for decisions related to knowledge sharing. Key findings from the data include a number of observations about specific forms of knowledge sharing which differentiate the two teams. The distributed team used electronic mail as a forum for discussion which peaked around project deadlines, while the collocated team relied on e-mail as an announcement mechanism. Team meetings for the distributed team were much more tactical and task oriented in nature than meetings of the collocated team. With regard to the technical project itself, developers on the collocated team shared source code to a much greater extent, however status input to the software problem report database was much more interactive on the distributed team. This thesis is also important for pioneering highly precise indicators of team interactions based on the coding of archival data derived from e-mail, telephone, meeting and other interactions. The methods developed hold great promise for further studies of design teams, as well as a feedback tool that could be highly valuable for these teams. A number of emerging themes were found in the data analysis, which suggest that lessons from this study need not only apply to cases where geographic distribution is a factor. The teams consistently showed that the same technologies, processes and stages of the project lifecycle can be handled very differently based upon context. Also, social relationships and dominant individuals on a team can have an impact on technical productivity.
(cont.) Finally, the evidence in this case suggested that geographic structure need not define destiny, and in some cases geographic structure can be used as an asset. The data analysis points to preliminary technology policy implications at the individual, team, organization, and national levels. At the individual level, it is recommended that workers in distributed teams alter work hours to devote a few minutes after-hours to synchronous communication with team members in different time zones - something that happened more often among the members of the co-located team. On the other hand, in a collocated team, it is recommended that the team use software tools to discover technical expertise that is more formally recorded among the members of the distributed team. At the team level, specific added value gained unintentionally from one geographic structure - such as greater documentation of decisions on a distributed team - can be achieved in co-located teams. At the organizational level, this thesis provides methods for assessing an organization's tacit knowledge capital at a much more granular level than tabulating patents or licenses. A number of institutions such as corporate training and development departments, labor unions, professional associations and government education and training initiatives may be impacted by the changes to workforce training and work methods suggested by this thesis.
(cont.) At the national level, lessons from these teams demonstrate that the drivers for policy decisions related to offshore outsourcing need to be adapted in knowledge-based industries which have the potential for globally shared tasks, and export regulations dealing with intellectual property exchange in global software teams need to account for the daily trade of IP in geographically distributed teams. As the thesis focused on one in-depth case study, a significant effort is made to propose future research directions which can validate the proposals with broader data collection.
by Satwiksai Seshasai.
S.M.
Sharman, Amelia. "Climate change as a knowledge controversy : investigating debates over science and policy". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3239/.
Texto completoFan, Rebecca C. "Governing indigenous knowledge? : a study of international law, policy, and human rights". Thesis, University of Essex, 2015. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/16538/.
Texto completoMunro, Benjamin. "The lost innocence of ethanol: power, knowledge, discourse, and U.S. biofuel policy". Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18794.
Texto completoDepartment of Geography
Lisa Harrington
In the United States, rationales for corn ethanol policies have included national energy security, air pollution abatement, clean technology development, and climate change mitigation. The ostensible benefits of corn ethanol have been used to justify the transfer of federal funds toward corn and ethanol production subsidies, consumption mandates, and import restrictions, plus substantial research and development efforts. Public and private sector funding has also focused on efforts to commercially develop biofuels from advanced technology using cellulosic biomass. Despite decades of public and commercial interest, cellulosic ethanol has failed to commercialize, corn ethanol remains heavily dependent on subsidies, and each of the alleged benefits of ethanol has been hotly disputed. This research examines the links between interest groups and rationales for biofuel policies. Drawing from Foucauldian discourse analysis, the research identifies key discourses supporting and opposed to biofuel development, and their relation to broader issues in environmental and energy politics. This approach involved a detailed review of newspaper archives, policy documents, Congressional bills, committee hearings and debates, governmental and non-governmental reports, and scientific research findings. It reveals how a powerful coalition of agricultural interests succeeded in harnessing biofuel discourses to popular public and political environmental and energy concerns. The primary discourses identified were Environmental Bureaucracy, Free Markets, Ecological Modernization, and Limits. A common element in the first three of these was Techno-Optimism. A Limits discourse opposed ethanol expansion, primarily based on a narrative of competition for agricultural land, and stood apart from other discourses in its mistrust of science and technology to resolve environmental problems. The research concludes that Foucauldian discourse analysis provides a useful tool for examining key shifts in policy debates, for clarifying the relationship between scientific knowledge and discursive power, for understanding divisions within environmental discourse, and for revealing the importance of scale in environmental public policy process.
Teplitskiy, Mikhail. "Judgments of scientific quality and their effects on published knowledge and its diffusion". Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10129530.
Texto completoCollaborative efforts like modern scientific research depend on methods to evaluate and absorb participants’ contributions, and at the research frontier this evaluative step is often accomplished through the peer review of grants and manuscripts. With billions of dollars and space in prestigious journals hinging on the decisions of reviewers, the review system has attracted consistent scrutiny. Many of the thousands of studies scrutinizing peer review focus on the reliability, validity, and fairness of the reviewers’ decisions. Largely absent in this debate about peer review’s internal practices are the consequences of these practices for the character and diffusion of published knowledge. This dissertation shifts the focus to the consequences of peer review practices through four case studies. The first case investigates the negotiation of revisions authors of quantitative sociological manuscripts undertake during peer review and reveals that substantial changes concern primarily manuscripts’ theoretical framing, while the data analyses remain relatively stable. The case argues that the greater relative value placed on data and analysis over frames incentivizes investment into the former over the latter. The second case interrogates the common practice of using post-publication citations to evaluate the validity of review decisions. Analysis of the reviews of manuscripts submitted to the American Sociological Review from 1977 to 1981 and the manuscripts’ subsequent citations reveals no relationship. However, reviewers’ comments show that reviewers focused on the soundness of the manuscripts’ arguments, not their potential impact. The case shows that a review process that results in publications of variable impact is not necessarily a failing of peer review, but rather a consequence of reviewers and citers draw on different dimensions of value. The third case study examines the consequences for quantitative sociology of the common bias for positive findings in peer review. Using hundreds of studies that use the General Social Survey, the published statistical relationships are perturbed by slight changes to the model specifications. Results show that at the time of publication, results are relatively robust to this perturbation. Additionally, the published relationships are estimated using waves of the Survey that appeared after publication. Results indicate that published findings are weakened much more by social change. The last case focuses on the consequences of scientific peer review judgments outside of the sphere of science. By measuring rates at which millions of scientific journals are used as sources in Wikipedia, the largest online encyclopedia, I show that Wikipedia editors preferentially use high impact and the more accessible (open access) journals. The case shows that increased accessibility of the scientific literature improves its diffusion to the lay public and that a status ordering that review practices establish in one sphere, science, may be exported wholesale to a disparate context, Wikipedia.
Taneja, Abhinav 1975. "Knowledge organization and content generation in knowledgemediaries". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8875.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 115-116).
by Abhinav Taneja.
S.B.
S.M.
Shakeel, Hani Umar 1973. "Community knowledge sharing : an Internet application to support communications across literacy levels". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8677.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (p. 94-98).
This thesis presents Community Knowledge Sharing (CKS), an Internet-enabled asynchronous messaging system designed for use in the developing world. The system is motivated by a desire to expand the benefits of network connectivity deeply into rural areas, breaking down barriers within and between communities. Recognizing that large segments of the population in rural communities have low levels of literacy, CKS implements a multi-literate design in which the system can be customized based on the abilities and preferences of the user. Three research areas are explored. The primary research area is to understand whether multi-literate interfaces can expand access to technology. Second, the study explores concerns that users of the system hire around security and trust. Third, the study identifies the types of information used and demanded by a sample user group. An evaluation of CKS has been conducted in Bohechio, an agricultural town in the Dominican Republic. Participants were drawn to cover a range of ages, educational backgrounds and literacy skill levels. With regards to multi-literacy and access, it is found that low literate users prefer iconic interfaces, speech synthesis is not effective, and literate users are willing to create text and audio content. On security and trust, the study finds that in the context of networked message systems rural people have different security requirements, and need to trust both the communications channel and content. Lastly, in discussions on information it is found that health, news, commercial and family information is in the greatest use and greatest demand in the community. CKS is a modest first step at developing an appropriate messaging environment for the developing world. Policy recommendations are drawn to inform future technology design and evaluation efforts. Developers of information technologies for use in the developing world should design iconic interfaces for low literate users, not rely on speech synthesis technologies, collaborate with communities, and balance cost, security and accessibility in their technology design. Evaluation of these technologies should take a longer-term approach in order to ensure that participants understand the application being tested.
by Hani Umar Shakeel.
S.M.
Soliman, Iman. "The role of the public and knowledge management as determinants of environmental policy formulation in developing countries : the case of Egypt /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2003.
Buscar texto completoAdviser: William R. Moomaw. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-277). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
Di, Maio Paola. "Toward shared system knowledge : an empirical study of knowledge sharing policy and practice in systems engineering research in the UK". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2012. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23698.
Texto completoHeaphy, Liam James. "Modelling and translating future urban climate for policy". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-and-translating-future-urban-climate-for-policy(2c2ca637-bec2-4f60-884d-5d34fa77fb26).html.
Texto completoHawasly, Majd. "Policy space abstraction for a lifelong learning agent". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9931.
Texto completoRowlands, Ian. "Mapping the knowledge base of information policy : clusters of documents, people and ideas". Thesis, City University London, 1998. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7467/.
Texto completoFredericks, Azeza. "Putting indigenous knowledge on the science policy agenda in South Africa, 1994-2002". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16605.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study focuses on tracking the developments accompanying the rise of indigenous knowledge (IK) and its positioning on the science policy and national research agenda in South Africa (SA). The historical occasion, the variety of policy developments in a diverse ‘new’ SA and how IK evolved, presented the impetus and context of the study. The objectives of the study were to consider more closely the roles and actions of the participants in the overall process, how they interacted and to identify broad patterns that occurred. Other areas included positioning IK as strategic science and how it was refracted through the national research system. To achieve these objectives, a significant part of the methodology involved a historical reconstruction of developments in IK. The data obtained from this reconstruction provided the basis for further analysis and closer scrutiny of the issues. Reconstructing the history assisted with providing some answers regarding the sources of concern and motivation which led to formulating policy on IK, the processes that advanced IK to its position in 2002, looking at how the various players in the research system were mobilized and how the prelegislative stage of activity determined the outcome of the IK legislative process. In addition to these questions, there was an opportunity to consider Wally’s Serote’s role as ‘moral entrepreneur and to try to understand both his personal trajectory and the role he played in the system. The historical reconstruction provided a periodization comprising three chronological phases, namely • Genesis (1994 – 1996) • Awareness Creation (1997 – 1998) • Programmes and Implementation (1999 – 2002) New policy directions in SA provided a context for positioning IK within strategic science. The leadership and passion displayed by Serote also required an understanding of his personal trajectory and the role he played in the system. IK as strategic science is positioned within framework of the moral entrepreneur’s cycle in a changing system. The historical reconstruction raised the issue of how easy or difficult it is to embed processes and how these processes co-evolve in the system. It also showed how IK was refracted through the national research system. The broad ‘success’ of the IK initiative is discussed with respect to its legislative and policy journey in SA and its current position in the research system. The ‘lesser successful’ side is also discussed in terms of the intended objectives and the eventual outcomes. Protecting IK, a central issue throughout the process, led to struggles and tensions that required rethinking both the policy and epistemic aspects of both western science and IK.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie fokus daarop om dié ontwikkelinge te volg wat deel was van die opkoms van inheemse kennis (IK) en die posisionering daarvan op die agenda vir wetenskapsbeleid en nasionale navorsing in Suid-Afrika (SA). Die historiese gebeurlikhede, die verskeidenheid in beleidsontwikkelinge in 'n diverse "nuwe" SA en die manier waarop IK ontwikkel het, het die stukrag en die konteks vir hierdie studie verskaf. Die doelwitte van die studie was as volg: om die rolle en die aksies van die deelnemers aan die proses as geheel in meer detail te oorweeg; om hulle interaksie waar te neem en om die breë aksiepatrone te identifiseer. Ander ondersoekareas was om IK as strategiese wetenskap te posisioneer en om vas te stel hoe dit deur middel van die nasionale navorsingstelsel gerefrakteer is. Om hierdie doelwitte te kan bereik, het 'n belangrike deel van die metodologie die historiese rekonstruksie van ontwikkelinge in IK behels. Die data wat deur middel van hierdie rekonstruksie verkry is, het die basis voorsien vir die verdere analise en nadere beskouing van die relevante kwessies. Deur die geskiedenis te rekonstrueer kon sommige van die vrae oor die volgende beantwoord word: die oorsprong van sake wat kommer gewek het en die motivering wat gelei het tot die formulering van beleid oor IK; die prosesse wat IK tot die posisie daarvan in 2002 bevorder het deur te kyk hoe die onderskeie rolspelers in die navorsingstelsel gemobiliseer is; en hoe die pre-wetgewende fase van aktiwiteite die uitkoms van die IK-wetgewende proses bepaal het. Bo en behalwe die beantwoording van hierdie vrae, kon Serote se rol as morele entrepreneur ook ondersoek word om sodoende beide sy persoonlike trajektorie en die rol wat hy in die stelsel gespeel het te probeer verstaan. Die historiese rekonstruksie het 'n periodisering, bestaande uit drie chronologiese fases, verskaf, naamlik ������� Genesis (1994 – 1996) ������� Skepping van 'n Bewussyn (1997 – 1998) ������� Programme en Implementering (1999 – 2002) Nuwe beleidsrigtings in Suid-Afrika het 'n konteks verskaf vir die posisionering van IK binne die strategiese wetenskap. Die leierskap en passie wat Serote geopenbaar het, het ook begrip vir sy persoonlike trajektorie en die rol wat hy in die stelsel gespeel het, gevra. IK as 'n strategiese wetenskap is geposisioneer binne-in die raamwerk van die morele entrepreneur se siklus in 'n veranderende stelsel. Die historiese rekonstruksie het die kwessie geopper van hoe maklik of hoe moeilik dit is om prosesse in te bed, en hoe hierdie prosesse saam in die stelsel ontwikkel. Dit het ook gewys hoe IK deur middel van die nasionale navorsingstelsel gerefrakteer is. Die breë "sukses" van die IK-inisiatief word bespreek met betrekking tot die pad wat dit geloop het in die wetgewende en die beleidsvormende proses in Suid-Afrika en die huidige posisie daarvan in die navorsingstelsel. Die "minder suksesvolle" kant word ook bespreek met betrekking tot die vooropgestelde doelwitte en die uiteindelike uitkomste. Die beskerming van IK, 'n sentrale kwessie regdeur die proses, het gelei tot worstelinge en spanninge wat vereis het dat die beleids- én die epistemiese aspekte van beide die westerse wetenskap en IK herbedink moes word.
Apodaca, Jose Xavier. "Tobacco policy attitudes, smoking health-risk knowledge, and smoking behavior in acculturating Latinos /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9961766.
Texto completoRose, David Christian. "Nature in a changing climate : knowledge and policy for conservation, England 1990-2011". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709441.
Texto completoSadek, Gaafar. "Translation: Rights and Agency - A Public Policy Perspective for Knowledge, Technology and Globalization". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37362.
Texto completoDenomme, Carolyn Riley. "Benefits of Bounded Diversity: Organizational Learning and Knowledge Transfer in a Multi-Product Manufacturing Environment". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/191.
Texto completoFensterheim, Devin Robert. "Knowledge production at the global frontier : the case of China". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53057.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (p. 127-132).
China is increasingly seen as a participant in the global knowledge economy, with recent studies have highlighted the rising number of scientists and engineers educated in Chinese institutions of higher education, and the growing funding allocated to the production of knowledge. Question remains as to whether China is producing scientific knowledge at the global frontier, and whether the production of scientific research in China is globally competitive. Since the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976, Chinese policymakers have distinguished scientific modernization as essential to long-term economic prosperity and endogenous growth, and, more recently, to addressing the modern socioeconomic and environmental challenges confronting China. The State Council, largely through the Ministry of Science and Technology and Ministry of Education, have invested heavily in universities and research institutes to promote the development of world-class research. To evaluate the state of scientific innovation in China, three bibliometric analyses are conducted. First, United States patents with full or partial Chinese ownership are used to provide a measure of high-impact industrial and applied innovation. Second, all SCI-indexed articles affiliated with at least one Chinese institution are evaluated. Finally, articles published in the journal Nature and subject-specific Nature journals are used as a proxy for high-impact scientific research. The results suggest that while the majority of Chinese scientific research is of low impact, that frontier research is becoming increasingly common in a growing number of Chinese institutions.
(cont.) There is evidence of a learning effect, suggesting that China engages in international consortia to participate in frontier research and uses the resulting experience to independently produce frontier knowledge, particularly in the fields of genetics and nanotechnology.
by Devin Robert Fensterheim.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
Nightingale, Paul. "Knowledge and technical change : computer simulations and the changing innovation process". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388970.
Texto completoDunlop, Claire Alexandra. "Epistemic communities and knowledge interpretation : the case of the European Union and recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST)". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288621.
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