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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Kinship Identification"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 10 de marzo de 2023

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Kinship Identification"

Brenner, C. H. "Symbolic Kinship Program". Genetics 145, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1997): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/145.2.535.

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This paper discusses a computerized algorithm to derive the formula for the likelihood ratio for a kinship problem with any arbitrarily defined relationships based on genetic evidence. The ordinary paternity case with the familiar likelihood formula 1/2q is the commonest example. More generally, any miscellaneous collection of people can be genetically tested to help settle some argument about how they are related, what one might call a “kinship” case. Examples that geneticists and DNA identification laboratories run into include sibship, incest, twin, inheritance, motherless, and corpse identification cases. The strength of the genetic evidence is always described by a likelihood ratio. The general method is described by which the computer program finds the formulas appropriate to these various situations. The benefits and the interest of the program are discussed using many examples, including analyses that have previously been published, some practical problems, and simple and useful rules for dealing with scenarios in which ancestral or fraternal types substitute for those of the alleged father.

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Liu, Chao, Yue Ge, Xiaoqin Mai y Yue-Jia Luo. "Exploring the conceptual and semantic structure of human kinship: An experimental investigation of Chinese kin terms". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 33, n.º 5 (octubre de 2010): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x10001366.

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AbstractWe designed an experiment to test the application of optimality theory (OT) in kinship terminology studies. Specifically, we examined the OT constraints within a set of behavioral data using Chinese kin terms. The results from this behavioral approach support and extend Jones' linguistic approach by identifying underlying cognitive mechanisms that can explain and predict behavioral responses in kinship identification.

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Baer, Gabriel. "The Waqf as a Prop for the Social System (Sixteenth — Twentieth Centuries)". Islamic Law and Society 4, n.º 3 (1997): 264–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568519972599752.

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AbstractIn this essay I argue that an important function of the Muslim waqf in the Near and Middle Eastern social system between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries was to support and reinforce social units or groups based on kinship or quasi-kinship (such as relations between master and freed slave), or on criteria of social class, profession, territory, religion, linguistic-ethnic identity, and ethnic or national identification.

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Bottino, Andrea, Tiago Figueiredo Vieira y Ihtesham Ul Islam. "Geometric and Textural Cues for Automatic Kinship Verification". International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 29, n.º 03 (27 de abril de 2015): 1556001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001415560017.

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Automatic Kinship verification aims at recognizing the degree of kinship of two individuals from their facial images and it has possible applications in image retrieval and annotation, forensics and historical studies. This is a recent and challenging problem, which must deal with different degrees of kinship and variations in age and gender. Our work explores the computer identification of parent–child pairs using a combination of (i) features of different natures, based on geometric and textural data, (ii) feature selection and (iii) state-of-the-art classifiers. Experiments show that the proposed approach provides a valuable solution to the kinship verification problem, as suggested by its comparison with different methods on the same data and the same experimental protocols. We further show the good generalization capabilities of our method in several cross-database experiments.

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Kornienko, I. V., K. V. Stepanov, T. G. Faleeva, V. S. Rakuts, I. N. Ivanov, E. S. Mishin, N. V. Kononov, N. E. Levchenko y Y. S. Sidorenko. "On the Licensing of Forensic DNA Analysis Activities". Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 14, n.º 2 (13 de julio de 2019): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-2-107-114.

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The question of whether it is appropriate to classify genetic examinations of kinship as a medical service is considered in the article. Establishment of identity of an unknown individual (alive or dead) with a specific person is a classic example of forensic medical genetic examination. At the same time an examination on establishment of biological kinship of people whose identity is known and doesn’t demand identification cannot be classified as an identificational. That is the study of human DNA to establish kinship cannot be referred to as a class of medical examinations. Forensic medical examination (including genetic) is a type of medical activity which is carried out by a medical organization and therefore needs licensing. However, if an examination is not carried out in a medical organization and there is no word “medical” in the name such an examination cannot be considered as a medical activity and doesn’t need licensing exactly as it is arranged in expert institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at this point. Such examinations can be considered as a type of forensic biological expertise.

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Syarifuddin, Nurjannah, Abdul Hakim Yassi y Harlinah Sahib. "A Comparison between English and Makassarese Politeness System: A Comparative Study". ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities 5, n.º 1 (11 de marzo de 2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v5i1.19102.

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This study aimed to describe the dominant variable that affected in use of politeness systems and to analyse the process of native speakers of English and Makassar in using the politeness system through conversations. The method of this study was the quantitative method and used statistic frequency. In this study, there are two variables that affected politeness. These data were processed based on the identification, classification, description, grouping, and calculation. Yassi’s theoretical framework found there are six politeness strategies. The strategies are deference in non-kinship, deference in kinship, intimacy in non-kinship, intimacy in kinship, hierarchy in non-kinship, and hierarchy in kinship. Based on his theory, age and seniority were the most affected in use politeness. The researcher found the difference in this study. The research finding indicates that the two variables do not affected the politeness systems of English but it is affected for Makassarese politeness systems. The English and Makassarese were different countries, so the politeness systems were also different. The English used FTA in doing communications and Makassarese has positive and negative politeness. The educational background is the dominant variable in use negative politeness and the age affect in use positive politeness for Makassarese.

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Alvergne, Alexandra, Fanny Perreau, Allan Mazur, Ulrich Mueller y Michel Raymond. "Identification of visual paternity cues in humans". Biology Letters 10, n.º 4 (abril de 2014): 20140063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0063.

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Understanding how individuals identify their relatives has implications for the evolution of social behaviour. Kinship cues might be based on familiarity, but in the face of paternity uncertainty and costly paternal investment, other mechanisms such as phenotypic matching may have evolved. In humans, paternal recognition of offspring and subsequent discriminative paternal investment have been linked to father–offspring facial phenotypic similarities. However, the extent to which paternity detection is impaired by environmentally induced facial information is unclear. We used 27 portraits of fathers and their adult sons to quantify the level of paternity detection according to experimental treatments that manipulate the location, type and quantity of visible facial information. We found that (i) the lower part of the face, that changes most with development, does not contain paternity cues, (ii) paternity can be detected even if relational information within the face is disrupted and (iii) the signal depends on the presence of specific information rather than their number. Taken together, the results support the view that environmental effects have little influence on the detection of paternity using facial similarities. This suggests that the cognitive dispositions enabling the facial detection of kinship relationships ignore genetic irrelevant facial information.

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Howell, Todd L. y Keith W. Kintigh. "Archaeological Identification of Kin Groups Using Mortuary and Biological Data: An Example from the American Southwest". American Antiquity 61, n.º 3 (julio de 1996): 537–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281839.

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Despite the central role that kinship plays in key anthropological arguments, recent archaeological efforts to detect kinship have been notably scarce. Here, age and sex distributions and dental morphology traits that reflect genetic affinity are used to argue that specific kin groups were buried in formal, spatially discrete cemeteries in the ancestral Zuni settlement of Hawikku. The inferred kin groups are then used to investigate Hawikku political structure. Results show that community leaders, identified on the basis of mortuary treatments and grave offerings, were selected from a small number of kin groups, suggesting an ascriptive element to leadership selection.

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Frello, Birgitta. "Sporløs – Om biologi, identitet og slægten som fjernsyn [Find My Family - On biology, identity and kinship on television]". MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 27, n.º 51 (26 de septiembre de 2011): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v27i51.4073.

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During recent years, the Danish public service television station (DR) has launched several documentary serials that focus on kinship and genealogy. Genealogy makes ‘good TV’ because it enables an immediate identification with the protagonist of the programme. Furthermore, the protagonist’s personal story can function as a vehicle for telling other stories. However, the way kinship is depicted in the serials presupposes that a person’s knowledge about her biological kin equals knowledge about her personal identity. The article analyses the serial <em>Find my Family</em> (Danish: <em>Sporløs</em>), discussing the naturalisation of biological kin and the possible consequences of the conceptualisation of kinship that is taken for granted in the serial.

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Lowes, Sara. "Kinship Structure & Women: Evidence from Economics". Daedalus 149, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01777.

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Economists are increasingly interested in understanding how culture shapes outcomes for women and the origins of these cultural practices. I review recent work in economics on how culture affects the well-being of women in developing countries, much of which is motivated by work in anthropology. I present evidence on the role of kinship structure, particularly matrilineal relative to patrilineal systems, for shaping women's preferences, exposure to domestic violence, and the health and education of children. Additionally, I discuss research on the effects of cultural practices, such as bride-price, and how the organization of production affects gender norms. Economists, with a careful focus on causal identification, contribute to the evidence that culture is an important determinant of outcomes for women.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Kinship Identification"

Telfer, Jonathan. "Per alienus, per intimus : agency and the dialectics of identity in adoption". Title page, contents and synopsis only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pht271.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 283-323. Explores the social dynamics of and interconnections between identity, relatedness and kinship. Argues that identity is fundamentally implicated in understandings of, conflict over and practices around relatedness and kinship. To study identity with regard to the exigencies of relatedness and kinship, uses adoption as an ethnographic and conceptual vehicle and argues that the cultural constructions and interplays between the biogenetic and the social in circumstances associated with adoption are both contextual and potent in relation to multifarious claims to and persuits of identity. Identity and questions of agency are understood as sites for creative struggles by individual agents, within a matrix of competing, often contradictory social forces, tendencies and processes.

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Beard, Elizabeth (Lisa). "If We Were Kin: Race, Identification, and Intimate Political Appeal". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20534.

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This study examines the politics of identification in antiracist struggles and asks how people begin and sustain social movement work across lines of difference. The project follows a series of activists and public intellectuals to sites of conflict in order to explore how actors confront failures in solidarity by summoning people to understand their freedom as bound to antiracist struggles. In work by James Baldwin from the 1960s and work by three contemporary social movement organizations—Black Lives Matter, antiracist LGBTQ organization Southerners on New Ground (SONG), and immigrant justice organization #Not1More—actors construct shared forms of identification across racial lines using kinship language and references to the body. Undergirding these rhetorical and organizing strategies is a concept—boundness—with a history in black political thought; a paradigm in which people’s lives are understood to be co-constituted and their freedom bound together. The first chapter traces the concept of boundness in James Baldwin’s political thought and explores how boundness offers an alternative and embodied way to theorize racial identity, racialized violence, and interracial solidarity. Chapter II examines interviews with James Baldwin in 1963 and #BlackLivesMatter activists in 2014-2015 to explore how their overlapping interventions reorient public discussions about racial violence. Chapters III and IV examine how contemporary activists in SONG and #Not1More generate shared forms of identification across racial lines. Drawing on archival research and ethnography, this study employs a close reading approach to specific moments in political discourse and organizing to theorize how people on the ground are crafting and contesting forms of identification. Ultimately, this project offers an account of the ways in which forms of political identification are structured by ethical and emotional orientations, and contends that contestations over these structures are a primary site of politics. This dissertation includes previously published material (Chapter I).
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OTTAVIANI, ENRICA. "Valutazione e validazione di protocolli sperimentali ad uso forense". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202329.

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During the last 20 years, a revolution has taken place within the field of forensic genetics. DNA profiling is now considered an indispensable tool in criminal investigations: serious crimes, as rapes and murders, cases concerning paternity, relationship, disaster victim identification are often solved by DNA investigations in which, DNA profiles obtained from biological traces match the DNA profile of a suspect or a person in a criminal offender DNA database. At present, DNA investigations for forensic purposes are based on autosomal STRs analysis and can solve most of the cases, providing a high power of discrimination. Nevertheless, this technique shows some limitations in particular situations, such as in cases of degraded DNA or LT-DNA (low template) and in complex or deficiency relationship studies. Y-STRs and mitochondrial DNA analysis may support forensic activity, but it may be not sufficient to solve all the cases. Single nucleotide polymorphisms are a class of genetic markers that may be considered for a potentially useful role in forensic human identification, especially in highly degraded samples. In this work a panel of 36 SNPs was selected for forensic purposes from a number of markers already investigated and validated for forensic purposes in previous studies. All the SNPs have been selected on the basis of very stringent criteria and validated in a large number (n= 1040) of unrelated individuals originating from three different populations (Italian, Benin Gulf and Mongolian). Analisys of genetic data confirmed for all markers the high informativity (heterozigosity), the absence of departure from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and the constant frequency across the populations, as demonstrated by an average value of Fst of 0,041 ± 0,06. The Random Match Probability (RMP) for the 36 SNPs panel was calculated to be the order of 1 x 10-15 in all the tested populations. The knowledge of population specific allele frequencies is essential for using the selected markers for forensic identification purposes. Allele frequencies of the 36 SNPs were assessed in 250 unrelated individuals originating from five different countries of Europe (Spain, Croatia, Bulgaria, Turkey and Serbia). All the SNPs showed high eterozigosity and generated extremely low Fst values. As a consequence of such Fst values, similar values of random match probability were observed across the populations: 6,21 × 10-15 in the Spanish population, 5,40 × 10-15 in the Croatian population, 1,13 × 10-14 in the Bulgarian population, 6,45 × 10-15 in the Serbian population and 3,57 × 10-15 in the Turkish population. Moreover, the sensitivity of the method was tested genotyping some artificially degraded DNA and DNA extracted from real forensic evidences, comparing results with those obtained with classical technologies. Partial information often associated with some kinship cases make challenging their resolution with autosomal markers. X-chromosomal markers could represent an efficient supplementation of autosomal STR, mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosomal STR analysis in complicated or deficiency kinship questions. In particular, the analysis of X-cromosomal markers can clarify deficiency paternity testing and other complicated kinship situations in which only remote relatives are available. The need of additional methods in forensic practice is due to the increase in requests for family rejoin in the context of the world-wide migration and in the necessity of an efficient identification of wars and/or mass disasters victims. In this work, the commercial kit Elucigene XY-QST, designed and validated for prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies, was investigated for potential use for forensic purposes. The Elucigene XY-QST protocol provides a multiplex PCR of 10 XY-STRs, with subsequent detection of genetic profiles by capillary electrophoresis. The kit includes 7 X-chromosomal markers (DXS6803, DXS981, DXS6807, DXS1187, XHPRT, DXS7423 and DXS6809), many of which have been previously studied for possible use in forensics. Allele frequencies of the 10 XY-STRs were assessed on 595 unrelated individuals originating from Italy (311 females and 284 males). Moreover, structures of all markers were investigated by direct sequencing of a large number of omo- and emi-zygote individuals for each alleles. In particular, an extensive sequencing analysis was performed for DXS1187 and DXYS218 markers, no previously studied. Linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis led to the subdivision of the markers in four linkage groups, which may be considered as independent factors. The Content in Polymorphism (PIC), Mean Exclusion Chance (MEC) and Power of Discrimination (PD) for females and males were estimated from frequency data. Analysis of the genetic data showed absence of departure from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and high heterozigosity for all the X-STRs. The overall Mean Exclusion Chance of the X-markers is 0,99988, while the combined Power of Discrimination for females and males reaches the 0,99999995 and 0,9999197, respectively.

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Martinez, Juliana. "Polimorfismos de inserção/deleção no cromossomo X : análise de 32 marcadores na população do estado de São Paulo (Brasil) /". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152659.

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Na rotina da genética forense, o uso exclusivo dos marcadores STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) em situações que a amostra biológica apresenta-se degradada pode gerar um resultado final estatístico inconclusivo, tornando fundamental a análise de marcadores adicionais para a resolução do caso. Utilizado como método complementar, os polimorfismos InDels (inserção/deleção) têm mostrado grande potencial para superar as limitações dos marcadores tradicionais. A análise de regiões do cromossomo X também vem ganhando significativa importância nesses estudos, especialmente nos casos em que a análise dos autossômicos não é suficiente. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho teve por objetivo geral caracterizar a população do estado de São Paulo para 32 polimorfismos de inserção/deleção no cromossomo X (32 X-InDels) e avaliar a utilidade desse multiplex na resolução de casos forenses. Para tanto, buscou-se identificar a diversidade genética desses polimorfismos nessa população, a segregação dos alelos entre os genitores (pai e mãe) para as suas respectivas filhas e a eficiência desse painel na amplificação de DNA extraído de amostras ósseas. Para identificar a diversidade genética, foram analisados os perfis genotípicos de 500 indivíduos não aparentados nascidos no estado de São Paulo. Todos os marcadores mostraram-se polimórficos para a população, sendo MID3701 o que apresentou maior diversidade e somente MID2637 se mostrou pouco informativo. O marcador MID1361 apresentou-se em desequilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg e uma variante alélica foi identificada em seu alelo curto. O painel demonstrou alta eficiência forense, confirmado pelo poder acumulado de discriminação (0,999999999993 em mulheres e 0,99999993 em homens) e pelo valor acumulado da chance média de exclusão (0,999996 em trios e 0,9995 em duos). No comparativo com outras populações, valores significativos da distancia genética foram obtidos, verificando-se que São Paulo está mais próximo à três departamentos colombianos e às populações européias. A proporção de ancestralidade identificada foi 41,8% para europeus, 31,6% para africanos e 26,6% para nativo-americanos. Na análise de segregação realizada em 101 trios, o padrão de transmissão esperado entre pai-mãe/filha foi o observado, o que confirma a baixa taxa de mutação desses marcadores. Por fim, os 32 X-InDels apresentaram as características necessárias para a análise de amostras biológicas em baixa concentração e/ou degradadas, mas algumas dificuldades na amplificação podem ser encontradas a depender das condições ambientais a que as amostras foram expostas. Conclui-se que o conhecimento acerca dos marcadores de inserção/deleção no cromossomo X pode ser ampliado, uma vez que na literatura ainda há pouco material disponível sobre o assunto; entretanto os dados deste trabalho já demonstram seu potencial como método alternativo para a análise de amostras forenses, pois foram identificados elevados valores de poder de discriminação e exclusão, baixa taxa de mutação e um elevado potencial de amplificação de amostras biológicas degradadas.
In forensic genetics routine, the exclusive use of STRs (Short Tandem Repeats) markers when the biological sample is degraded can generate an inconclusive final statistical result, making essential the analysis of additional markers for case resolution. Used as a complementary method, InDels (insertion/deletion) polymorphisms have shown great potential to overcome the limitations of traditional markers. Polymorphisms in the X chromosome is also gaining significant importance in these studies, especially in those cases in which the analysis of the autosomal markers is not enough. In this perspective, this study aimed to characterize the São Paulo state population for 32 X chromosome insertion/deletion polymorphisms (32 X-InDels) and to evaluate the utility of this multiplex in the resolution of forensic cases. Therefore, it was analyzed the genetic diversity of this population, the alleles segregation between the parents and their respective daughters, and the amplification efficiency of this panel in DNA extracted from human bones. To identify genetic diversity, the genotypic profiles of 500 unrelated individuals born in São Paulo state was analysed. All markers were polymorphic for the population, with MID3701 being the most diverse, and MID2637 the less informative. The MID1361 marker was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium and an allelic variant was identified in its short allele. The panel showed high forensic efficiency, confirmed by the accumulated power of discrimination (0.9999999999993 in females and 0.99999993 in males) and by the accumulated mean exclusion chance (0.999996 in trios and 0.99995 in duos). Comparing with other populations, significant values of genetic distance were obtained and São Paulo is closer to three Colombian departments and to European populations. The ethnic contributions identified 41.8% of Europeans, 31.6% of Africans and 26.6% of Native Americans admixture. In segregation analysis performed in 101 trios, the expected transmission pattern between parent/daughter was observed, which confirms the low mutation rate of these markers. Finally, the 32 X-InDels presented the necessary characteristics for the analysis of degraded biological samples, but some amplification difficulties can be found depending on the environmental conditions in which the samples were exposed. It can be concluded that knowledge about the X chromosome insertion/deletion markers can be expanded, because there is still little information available in the literature; meanwhile data from this work demonstrate its potential as an alternative method for the analysis of forensic samples.

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Nunes, Diana. "Le sexe, un élément d'identification des personnes en droit : étude menée à partir de la transidentité et de l'intersexuation". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2060.

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N droit, le sexe procède de l’organisation des personnes en deux catégories, le sexe féminin et le sexe masculin. L’identification juridique des personnes échappe traditionnellement à la volonté individuelle. Le sexe comme élément de l’état des personnes est immuable et binaire. Cependant aujourd’hui ce modèle d’assignation subit des remises en question.D’une part, les revendications transidentitaires ont permis de voir émerger une conception de l’identité en termes de droits fondamentaux et non plus seulement en termes d’identification stable, imposée par l’Etat. D’autre part, l’invisibilisation des personnes intersexes en droit et la contrainte de la fiction instituée de la binarité des sexes sur leurs corps, conduisent à interroger la légitimité de la bicatégorisation et son caractère obligatoire. Finalement, l’effondrement des bases naturalistes de la différenciation des sexes et l’indifférenciation des normes au regard du sexe conduisent à interroger l’utilité de la catégorie. Néanmoins, comme les inégalités de faitspersistent malgré l’égalité formelle, le sexe, dans sa dimension protectrice peut justifier d’une nouvelle pertinence
In law, sex proceeds from the organization of persons into two categories: female and male. Identifying legally people escapes traditionally the individual will. Sex as an element of the state of people is immutable and binary. However, this assignment model leads today to be questioned. On the one hand, transidentitary demands have allowed emerging a concept of identity in terms of fundamental rights and not only in terms of stable identification, imposed by the State. On the other hand, the invisibilization of the intersex people in law and the constraint of the instituted fiction of the binarity of the sexes on their bodies lead to question the legitimacy of the bicategorization and its obligatory character. Finally, the collapse of the naturalist bases of the differentiation of the sexes and the lack of differentiation of norms with respect to sex lead to question the usefulness of the category. Nevertheless, since facts inequalities persist despite the formal equality, gender in its protective dimension may justify a new relevance

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RICCIARDI, FEDERICO. "Pre-Experimental Assessment of Forensic DNA Identification Systems". Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/794376.

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In this thesis we want to produce a methodology to evaluate a kinship identification system, i.e. the set of models and data used to ascertain the identity of an individual, a probabilistic tool devoted to obtain the likelihood ratio supporting (or contradicting) the hypothesis that an individual, the candidate for identification, is a specific member of a family, conditional on the available familial DNA evidence. The thesis considers the likelihood ratio as a random variable and focuses on the evaluation of the probability that a candidate for identification would be correctly classified exploiting the likelihood ratio distributions conditional on each hypothesis. The aim of this work is thus to show how it is possible to make statements about the goodness of an identification system and to demonstrate how this can be applied in a great variety of cases. As secondary objective, we want to show how it is possible to obtain the distributions for the likelihood ratio, finding efficient computational methods to cope with the their huge state space. The proposed system evaluation is specific for each case, does not require any additional laboratory costs, and should be carried out before the identification trial is performed. In a pre-experimental perspective, we want to evaluate whether a system fulfils the requirements of the parties involved. A further objective is to consider and find a solution for some complicating issues affecting the estimation of mutation rates for STR markers.

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STRAKOVÁ, Helena. "Molecular identification of purebredness and kinship of the Philippine crocodile (\kur{Crocodylus mindorensis}) and the Cuban crocodile (\kur{C. rhombifer}) for \kur{ex situ} conservation management". Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-152947.

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The current status of crocodilians recognizes them as a group under serious threat due to their habitat destruction and illegal poaching for their lucrative products. In addition to these threats, the elimination of spatial and temporal boundaries through modern anthropogenic pressures has facilitated hybridization in crocodiles by bringing together species that would otherwise not breed due to lack of opportunity. Here analyzed crocodiles, the Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis) and the Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) are critically endangered and listed in CITES Appendix I. This study deals with a significant portion of the Philippine and Cuban crocodile captive population in Europe based on mtDNA, nucDNA and microsatellites. The species genetical purity of 13 specimen of C. mindorensis was determined on the ground of testing maternally inherited mitochondrial gene cytochrome b and and D-loop loci from the mitochondrial control region as well as two nuclear markers, LDHA and C-mos. Also the purity of 11 out of mentioned 13 individuals on the basis of several (7) microsatellite loci, while possibly confirming a supposed hybrid origin of two crocodiles with mixed morphotype. Then a purity of 4 samples of the Cuban crocodile was verified with cyt b gene and nuclear DNA purity of all 7 tested individuals with LDHA gene and 13 microsatellites. Based on the obtained genetic characters I proceeded a likely kinship of the two groups of crocodiles and subsequently suggested an optimal breeding management within the ex-situ conservation

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Libros sobre el tema "Kinship Identification"

Wegar, Katarina. Adoption, identity, and kinship: The debate over sealed birth records. New Haven, Conn: Yale University Press, 1996.

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Mengestu, Abera Mitiku. God as father in Paul: Kinship language and identity formation in early Christianity. Eugene, Oregon: Pickwick Publications, 2013.

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Conceiving kinship: Assisted conception, procreation, and family in southern Europe. New York: Berghahn Books, 2008.

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The roads of Chinese childhood: Learning and identification in Angang. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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Adoption, Identity, and Kinship: The Debate over Sealed Birth Records. Yale University Press, 1997.

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Wegar, Katarina. Adoption, Identity, and Kinship: The Debate over Sealed Birth Records. Yale University Press, 2008.

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Wegar, Katarina. Adoption, Identity, and Kinship: The Debate over Sealed Birth Records. Yale University Press, 1997.

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Adoption, Identity, and Kinship: The Debate over Sealed Birth Records. Yale University Press, 1997.

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Conceiving Kinship: Heterosexual, Lesbian And Gay Procreation. Berghahn Books, 2008.

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Stafford, Charles. Roads of Chinese Childhood: Learning and Identification in Angang. Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Kinship Identification"

Wang, Wei, Shaodi You y Theo Gevers. "Kinship Identification Through Joint Learning Using Kinship Verification Ensembles". En Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, 613–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58542-6_37.

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Hummel, K., W. Bär y N. Fukshansky. "Identification of biological stains: probability of identity or of kinship". En 16th Congress of the International Society for Forensic Haemogenetics (Internationale Gesellschaft für forensische Hämogenetik e.V.), Santiago de Compostela, 12–16 September 1995, 90–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80029-0_22.

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Penacino, Gustavo, Andrea Sala y Daniel Corach. "Post-Mortem Molecular Identification. Biological Kinship Established by DNA Analysis." En Advances in Forensic Haemogenetics, 289–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78782-9_74.

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Dardy, Claudine. "From Custom to Civil Status Registration: The Anthropology of Kinship and the Rule of Law". En Identification and Registration Practices in Transnational Perspective, 145–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137367310_10.

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Elliott, Kamilla. "Matriarchal picture identification in first-wave British Gothic fiction". En Gothic kinship. Manchester University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7765/9781526103031.00006.

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Elliott, Kamilla. "Matriarchal picture identification in first-wave British Gothic fiction1". En Gothic kinship, 12–29. Manchester University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719088605.003.0002.

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Butler, Lise. "From Kinship to Consumerism". En Michael Young, Social Science, and the British Left, 1945-1970, 158–86. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198862895.003.0006.

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This chapter examines the intellectual context for the Consumers’ Association, which Young operated from the headquarters of the Institute of Community Studies from 1956 onwards, and the way in which Young, Townsend, and other members of the Institute of Community Studies grappled with the social changes associated with increased affluence such as suburbanization and increasing identification with the middle class. It argues that Young’s concern with consumerism was informed by ethical concerns about quality of life, and challenges conceptual divisions between the Labour ‘revisionist’ tradition concerned with distributive questions and the more humanistic or ethical socialism associated with Young and other left-wing sociologists. Drawing on the Institute of Community Studies’ work on suburban communities in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and Young’s sociology lectures at Cambridge delivered between 1961 and 1963, I show that Young’s consumerism derived from his evolving view of the family. While Young had argued that the extended family had represented an important site of mutual aid and solidarity for working-class women in industrial society, he now suggested that suburbanization and affluence had returned the nuclear family to a position of social and economic pre-eminence.

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Cash, Howard D. "Software and database functionality for direct identification and kinship analysis: The Mass Fatality Identification System (M-FISys)". En Forensic Genetic Approaches for Identification of Human Skeletal Remains, 399–431. Elsevier, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815766-4.00019-4.

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Dumache, Raluca, Talida Cut, Camelia Muresan, Veronica Ciocan, Emanuela Stan, Dorin Novacescu y Alexandra Enache. "Genetic DNA Identification from Bone Remains in Kinship Analysis Using Automate Extraction System". En Criminology and Post-mortem Studies - Analyzing Criminal Behaviour and Making Medical Decisions [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99587.

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The first ever human identification through DNA analysis was done in the year 1987. Since then, this test has been used, not only in the ruling of civil and juridical cases, but also for human identification of missing persons and mass disaster victims. In this chapter we will present the usefulness of genetic DNA testing of skeletonized remains for human identification, by using automate DNA extraction from three different human bone types: tooth, femur and petrous pyramid. For each case, we obtained saliva samples on buccal swabs from relatives. After the bones were washed and cleaned, Bead Balls Mill Mix 20 (Tehtnica Domel, Slovenia), was used to obtain the bone powder. The DNA extraction from bone samples was performed on the automate Maxwell RSC 48 Instrument (Promega, USA), using the Maxwell FSC DNA IQ Casework Kit (Promega, USA). Power Quant System (Promega, USA) was used for DNA quantification of the samples. The DNA samples were amplified on a Pro Flex PCR System (Thermo Fischer, USA), using the Global Filer PCR Amplification Kit (Applied Biosystems, USA). PCR products were run on a 3500 Genetic Analyzer (Thermo Fischer, USA). Data analysis was performed by Gene Mapper 1.4. Considering that these cases involved DNA extraction from teeth, bones and old human remains, automate system was felt to be the best option to reduce handling errors and increase the possibilities of obtaining good quality DNA.

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Kleiser, Andreas y Thomas J. Parsons. "Large Scale Identification of the Missing". En Silent Witness, 193–207. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190909444.003.0010.

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This chapter describes the experiences of the International Commission on Missing Persons (ICMP) in conducting large-scale, DNA-based identification of the missing, discussed within the context of policy and historical developments underpinning today’s requirement for effective investigations when persons go missing. These developments include a shift to the rule of law and human rights reference framework as part of advancing state responsibility on the issue of the missing. The chapter takes note of historical as well as rule-of-law initiatives at the international level in the wake of the wars in the former Yugoslavia in the 1990s, including the creation of ICMP. Generally accepted as capable of establishing facts, forensic science, including DNA analysis, has become a centerpiece of effective investigations in the pursuit of justice at the individual and societal levels. However, access to forensic science is not universal, largely due to cost. The chapter discusses two limitations on using DNA to identify missing persons that drive cost: the use of kinship analysis and degraded DNA. DNA analysis through next generation sequencing (NGS), or massive parallel sequencing (MPS), will likely redress both shortcomings. In ICMP’s experience, innovation, research, and dedication can contribute to a more effective approach to accounting for missing persons; this in turn will contribute more broadly to the pursuit of justice and the advancement of human rights globally.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Kinship Identification"

Andriani, Tri y Mohammad Isa Irawan. "Application of unweighted pair group methods with arithmetic average (UPGMA) for identification of kinship types and spreading of ebola virus through establishment of phylogenetic tree". En INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS: PURE, APPLIED AND COMPUTATION: Empowering Engineering using Mathematics. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4994467.

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