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1
Akharawatthanakun, Phinnarat. "Contact-Induced Vowel Variation: A Case Study of the Short High Vowels /i/ and /u/ in CVN Syllables in Lue and Khün." MANUSYA 14, no. 2 (2011): 53–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01402004.
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This paper presents the variation in the two short high vowels /i/ and /u/ occurring in live syllables ending with final nasal consonants (CVN) in two Southwestern Tai (SWT) dialects: Lue and Khün, respectively spoken in the villages of Nong Bua and Nong Muang in Pa Kha Subdistrict, Tha Wang Pha District, in Nan Province. The data were collected from Lue and Khün language resource persons (LRPs) in three age groups, an elderly group (60 years old and above), a middle-aged group (35–50 years old), and a young group (15–25 years old), with five LRPs in each age group. The data analyzed for this paper come from a total of 30 LRPs (5 LRPs × 3 age groups × 2 SWT dialects).
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Namsaraeva, Sayana B. "О новом источнике «устной истории» бурят о паломничестве по Внутренней Азии в начале XX в." Oriental Studies 13, № 6 (2020): 1558–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-52-6-1558-1567.
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Introduction. Research on Buryat and Kalmyk pilgrimage to Buddhist worshiping sites in Tibet and wider in Inner Asia at the late imperial period mostly focuses on biographies and travel writings of Buddhist clergy, while experience of ordinary pilgrims ― especially of the lay people (Mong. khara khün) who were actors of this social phenomena ― received limited attention. However, some of the Buryat ‘oral histories’ about long distance travels to Tibet were recorded later by Buryat intellectuals (e. g., B. B. Baradiin) to name but a few. Goals. The article aims to introduce one such record made in 1968 by a rural community school teacher and amateur historian B. B. Namsaraev. Results. The latter wrote down a life story (Mong. namtar) of Bato Badmaev, an elder from the village of Suduntui, about his pilgrimage to Tibet between 1901 and 1904. This travelogue by a lay person presents unique first-hand observations about hardships of the long distance foot pilgrimage to worshiping places in Urga, Amdo and Tibet ― a wide social phenomenon among Buryats at the beginning of the 20th century. This ‘oral history’ together with extensive information about infrastructure along the pilgrim routes (Mongolian and Tibetan families hosting pilgrims and providing meals to them, travel tips they shared of how to pass the most dangerous hostile deserts and mountain passes, encountering a yeti snowman (Mong. almaz), etc.) contain emotional remarks about things experienced and bodily hardships pilgrims faced (thirst, physical exhaustion, extreme temperatures, and so on) ― aspects which are not covered in travelogues of Buddhist clergy and professional explorers (e. g., merchants, military specialists) who were in much more privileged travel conditions hiring horses and camels to carry their goods and belongings. Therefore, the recent publication (2012) of this unique travelogue made it more accessible and available to a wider audience.
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Dr. Tahmina Abbas. "The revival of Urdu language and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan." Noor e Tahqeeq 6, no. 04 (2022): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/nooretahqeeq.2022.06041830.
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Sir Syed Ahmad Khan had verstyle personality. At the time when Sir Syed's literary period began, there was no notable prose creation in the Urdu language except the story. During this period, Urdu was the spoken language, but Persian was given priority for writing and compilation. Sir Syed's far-sighted eyes examined all these reasons and found ways for the development of Urdu language. With his efforts, Sir Syed made Urdu one of the top languages of the world. He wrote articles in Urdu with fluency and with his influence. His articles published in "Tehbihul-ul-Akhlaq" have priority among Urdu articles. His works written in Urdu language, ‘‘Tarikh Sarkshi Bijnoor’’, ‘‘Risala Asaab Baghawat e Hind’’, “Khutbat-e- Ahmadiyya”, “Aasaar e sanadeed”, are counted among the important works of this period. Sir Syed is the founder of modern Urdu prose. The language has been given an important place among the important languages of the world. In this paper, the efforts made by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan regarding the revival of Urdu language and literature have been studied.
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Riaz, Muhammad, Aneela Gill, and Sara Shahbaz. "Language Attrition and its Impact on Culture – A Case of Saraiki in Dera Ghazi Khan Region." Global Language Review VI, no. III (2021): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2021(vi-iii).06.
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Language attrition is primarily the loss of language and subsequently the loss of culture and identity. A number of languages have become extinct, and many languages of the world are near extinction. This study analyzes the impact of language attrition on Saraiki and its culture in the D. G. Khan region. This research takes into consideration two domains of language use: home and university. Paradis's (2004) Activated Threshold Hypothesis (ATH) supplemented with Bot, Lowie & Verspoor's (2007) Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) has been adopted as a theoretical framework. The mixed-method approach has been used, and a sample of 100 respondents was selected from the target population. The respondents were instructed to define certain Saraiki vocabulary items, and their responses were recorded. The findings show that socio-economic, socio-cultural, socio-political and socio-demographic factors are responsible for the language attrition of Saraiki and the subsequent impact on the culture of the speakers in the selected locale.
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Kurd, Shehla Anwer, and Saima Hassan. "ATTITUDE OF BALOCHISTAN’S YOUTH TOWARDS INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE BRAHUI AS COMPARED TO URDU AND ENGLISH: A CASE STUDY OF (SBK) SARDAR BAHADUR KHAN WOMEN UNIVERSITY, QUETTA." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 01 (2022): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i1.943.
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This research aims to compare the attitudes of Balochistan’s youth towards indigenous language i.e. Brahui in comparison to Urdu and English. It explores instrumental and integrative motivations of participants towards these languages. The study adopted quantitative paradigm, a questionnaire as a research instrument. The data was collected from 90 participants of Brahui speakers. The data was analyzed by the SPSS program through frequency and mean analysis. The study concludes that participants’ attitudes were positive towards English language, neutral to Urdu language and negative towards Brahui language. The participants showed highly positive (instrumental and integrative) motivation towards Brahui vs Urdu languages. This study also determines other dominant languages spoken in Balochistan that are Balochi and Pashto. Keywords: Language attitude, Indigenous language, instrumental motivation, integrative motivation.
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Sabir, Abdul Razzaq. "Learning of Brahui Language in Balochistan." Al-Burz 1, no. 1 (2009): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v1i1.233.
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Brahui a North Proto Dravidian (NPD) language spoken about 2000 km far from other Sourth Dravidian languages (SPD) in South India i.e. Tamil, Talgu, Malyalam, Kanada, Gondi etc and Central Proto Dravidian (CPD) languages in the Central India i.e. Karukh and Malto by about two million people. It is spoken in the central parts of Balochistan, interior Sindh province in Pakistan and in the Sistan o Balochistan province of Iran, Helmund and Nimroz provinces of Afghanistan, Gulf States, and also there are few families have still preserved. Brahui in Mari province of Turkmenistan. In compare with the other nonliterary tribal dialects of Dravidian languages Brahui is enjoying a worth mentioning literary status in Balochistan-Pakistan. The past history of Brahui language is witnessed that it has been used only as an oral language till post-colonial period in Balochistan. There was no tradition of using Brahui as medium of instruction or in writing, although some works in Brahui had appeared before then, the Brahui literary movement started in the reign of Khan Naseer Khan in the 18th century but a standard literary movement started only after the 1950 when some newspapers including “Muhalim Quetta”, “Balochi Karachi” started publishing in Brahui besides Balochi in Pakistan. While weekly “Elum” Mastung a Brahui-Urdu newspaper was a revolutionary addition in the history of Brahui journalism and learning.
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Kausar, Hamida, Hafiz Muhammad Faiz, and Ayaz Ahmad Rind. "11-Analytical Study of the Saraiki Language and Literature in Pakistan since Through Ages." International Research Journal of Education and Innovation 2, no. 2 (2021): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/irjei.11-v2.2(21)109-115.
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Historically, Saraiki is recognized one of the ancient regional language of central Pakistan at present. In the past it was spoken with different names in Indus civilization since two thousands BC. It’s not spoken in south Punjab but it is one of the common domestic languages of Sindh, eastern Balochistan and southern KPK. Saraiki travelled a journey of evolution from centuries as Riasti, Jataki, Jatki, Multani, Jagdali, Jhangi and Shahpuri etc. The scholars especially the orientalists are agreed to accept it as a different language in Punjab than Punjab. Therefore, it is not correct that it is called to be a dialect of Punjabi or any other well-known languages. The three main divisions of south Punjab Dera Ghazi Khan, Multan and Bahawalpur are its hub where the Saraiki language nourished and its evolution recorded. This paper primarily explores and highlights the evolution of Saraiki language as the major language of southern Punjab and its surrounding provinces through ages.
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Mitruev, Bembya. "Ayuka’s Title of Daichin Khan: Examining Tibetan-Language Sources." Oriental Studies 17, no. 1 (2024): 158–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-158-189.
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Introduction. Data from Tibetan-language sources on Ayuka’s full title ― Daichin Khan Ayuka ― have never been introduced into scientific circulation, nor have those been subject to any essential analysis. Goals. So, the article introduces a variety of messages dealing with the ruling era of Khan Ayuka and narrating how the latter received the title of Daichin Khan from the then Dalai Lama. Materials. The paper investigates Tibetan-language biographies of the Fifth Dalai Lama Lobsang Gyatso, Sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso, and Fifth Panchen Lama Lobsang Yeshe. Results. The study figures out the date when the mentioned ruler did receive the title of Daichin Khan, and specifies the dates of embassies that delivered the Kalachakra seal and that of Khan from the Sixth Dalai Lama. Conclusions. The article examines materials contained in various Tibetan-language texts, such as the autobiography of the Great Fifth Dalai Lama and that composed by Desi Sangye Gyatso, biography of Fifth Panchen Lama, etc. The work ascertains the ruler of the Kalmyk Khanate received the title of Daichin Khan Ayuka from the Sixth Dalai Lama Tsangyang Gyatso in 1697. The paper also reveals some data on Khan Ayuka’s embassy to Tibet led by Arabjur and on the latter’s mother Tsojal. Another newly identified and important historical fact is that the Dalai Lama did send an embassy to Khan Ayuka to deliver a secret message about the Great Fifth’s death.
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Ghulam Mujtaba Yasir and Prof. Dr. Mamuna Ghani. "Interplay between Socio-Economic Factors and Language Shift: A Study of Saraiki Language in D.G. Khan." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 1, no. 4 (2020): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol1-iss4-2020(411-417).
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Pakistan is among those very few multicultural and multilingual countries which are celebrated for their ethnic as well as linguistic diversity. From the coastal areas of Karachi to the mountainous terrain of Gilgit Baltistan six major and more than 70 minor languages are spoken in various parts of Pakistan. Urdu relishes the position of National Language whereas the official language of the country is English and is mostly used by the power-wielding strata of the country namely the government functionaries, corporate sector, and education sector. The purpose of the study was to find out the interplay between socioeconomic factors and the phenomenon of language shift. The present research is descriptive in which 300 Urdu speaking children of Saraiki families of D.G. Khan District were selected for data collection. A multiple-choice questionnaire was devised and administered to collect the required data. The results insinuated a strong interplay between socio-economic factors and the language shift.
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Burusphat, Somsonge, Sumittra Suraratdecha, Patama Patpong, and Amon Saengmanee. "Language Vitality and Langauge Attitude of the Karen Ethnic Group in the Western Region of Thailand: A Preliminary Report." MANUSYA 13, no. 2 (2010): 88–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-01302005.
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This paper presents preliminary findings of the research project entitled “Ethnicity, Language, Culture and Ethnic Tourism Development.” It has three goals. First, it aims to identify the Karen language spoken in six provinces in the western region of Thailand, namely, Kanchanaburi, Ratchaburi, Phetchaburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan, Suphan Buri, and Nakhon Pathom. The next goal is to explore Karen language use and attitudes towards languages of the wider community. The final goal is to evaluate the development of sustainable ethnic tourism in the region. A preliminary survey of language use and attitude of Karen people towards the Karen language and Ethnic Tourism Development (ETD) in these six provinces was carried out using a qualitative approach. Thirty subjects made up of local administrators and community leaders were interviewed using two kinds of guided questionnaires, community and personal questionnaires.
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Khazhgaliyeva, Gulnar, Akmaral Kassymova, and Aigul Medeshov. "The role of internet resources in learning foreign languages at the faculty of electrical engineering." E3S Web of Conferences 431 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202343102002.
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Internet resources play an important role in modern education, including the study of foreign languages at the faculty of electrical engineering. Nowadays new information technologies are intensively introduced into all spheres of our life, including the educational process. In this regard we need to develop methods for using computer information technologies in foreign language learning. The use of Internet resources in foreign language lessons is a relevant direction in the methodology that requires new approaches and non-standard solutions. The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of using internet resources in learning foreign languages at the university educational process. More and more language departments, institutes and schools are now using virtual environments to promote and support language learning. The use of a computer and Internet resources in English classes makes it possible to individualize learning as much as possible, make the learning process creative; increases motivation and interest in learning a foreign language and contributes to the effective formation of foreign language speech competence. The article also touches upon the theoretical substantiation of the application of internet resources in the educational context. Furthermore, the students’ opinions are presented on how internet resources are convenient in learning foreign languages. The survey involved 147 students of Zhangir khan West Kazakhstan Agrarian and technical University. It was revealed that the integration of online communication tools has positive effects on the formation and development of speaking and writing skills in English.
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Ibraimova, Anar, та Rauan Dossymbekova. "The peculiarities of «welcoming the guests – 好客 » in Kazakh and Chinese linguoculture". Revista Amazonia Investiga 12, № 61 (2023): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2023.61.01.17.
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Deep ties between China and Kazakhstan date back to ancient times. Starting from the ancient period of the Huns, Yuxin and the era of the independent Kazakh Khanate, under Abylai Khan, relations between the Kazakhs and the Chinese took place within the framework of political and diplomatic relations. The researchers’ works are limited to considering the differences and peculiarities between the Kazakh and Chinese languages, omitting the cultural spectrum of bilateral exchanges. This article describes the linguistic and cultural features of the concept of «welcoming the guests - 好客 / hàokè» in the Kazakh and Chinese languages. The norms of language etiquette based on respect and honor are used in the expression of customs and traditions. In addition to mastering a foreign language, knowledge of intercultural communication has a special place in the communication with representatives of various countries. Any nation has its own history of development, mentality, way of life and customs. Proper application of the rules and laws of language etiquette leads to a favorable and optimal outcome of communication between the interlocutors. The etiquette of «welcoming the guests – 好客 / hàokè» in the Kazakh and Chinese languages refers to a set of etiquette based on ancient customs and traditions.
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Egorova, Olga Gennadievna, and Dmitry Aleksandrovich Belyakov. "Artistic interpretations of Genghis Khan’s image in the English-language literature of the XX and XXI centuries." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, no. 8 (2023): 2524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230396.
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The study aims to identify the most common artistic models of Genghis Khan’s representation in the English-language literature of various genres of the XX and XXI centuries using the example of works by major English-speaking authors. The researchers analysed the following works: ‘Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World’ by Jack Weatherford, ‘Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy’ by Paul Ratchnevsky, ‘Genghis Khan: The Man Who Conquered the World’ by Frank McLynn, ‘Chinggis Khan (Makers of the Muslim World)’ by Michal Biran, ‘The Earth Is the Lord’s: A Tale of the Rise of Genghis Khan’ by Taylor Caldwell, ‘On the Trail of Genghis Khan: An Epic Journey Through the Land of the Nomads’ by Tim Cope, the ‘Conqueror’ series by Conn Iggulden, ‘Genghis Khan: Emperor of All Men’ by Harold Lamb, ‘Genghis Khan’ by James Chambers, ‘Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection’ by John Man. The scientific novelty lies in the emphasis on the specifics of the image of the famous conqueror in English-language literatures, which discovered Genghis Khan as a character much later than Soviet literature in Russian. The results showed that the English-speaking authors are interested in the life path of Genghis Khan starting from his early years and ending with a mystical death. At every stage of his life, the authors set their sights on unraveling a certain mystery: the mystery of his elevation, the mystery of many victories, the mystery of authority, the mystery of death, etc. Unlike Soviet authors, who, for obvious reasons, were interested in Genghis Khan more as a ferocious conqueror, the English-speaking authors want to understand him as a person and trace his success story.
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Quwanch, Ehsanullah. "Educational Evolution and Linguistic Legacy of Afghan Uzbeks." Sprin Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 5 (2024): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/sjahss.v3i5.327.
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This article examines the historical existence of Turkic populations in Afghanistan, emphasizing the enduring settlement of the Uzbek populations in the nation and their ancestral roots. Furthermore, it highlights the fact that the Afghan Uzbeks persist in utilizing their indigenous language for verbal interaction up to the present time. Over time, the importance of villages, mosques, Mullahkhanas, and madrasas has shaped the growth of traditional teachings in Afghanistan. Moreover, these Mullahkhanas and madrasas function as forums for the development of prose and poetry in Uzbek and Persian languages. Integrating books into education across all fields of study holds significant importance. This page provides details about the development of authorized educational institutions, commonly referred to as "home schools," during the rule of Amanullah Khan. Amanullah Khan established schools in various locations, with a special focus on rural areas, and provided comprehensive information about each school.
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Zarina Waheed, Abdul Wahab, and Waheed Bahadur. "PERCEPTION OF FUTURE TEACHERS ABOUT MOTHER TONGUE EDUCATION IN BRAHUI LANGUAGE AT PRIMARY LEVEL." Al-Burz 12, no. 1 (2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54781/abz.v12i1.47.
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Brahui language has its own uniqueness and value as it is one of the oldest languages of Pakistan and considered as a Dravidian language. The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of future Brahui speaking teachers about mother tongue education in Brahui language at primary level in Balochistan. In this study, a qualitative approach was used. The research design was case study and site of the study was Sardar Bahadur Khan Women’s University Quetta. Semi-structure interviews were conducted from the Brahui speaking future teachers of B.Ed. (Hons.) 7th semester (5), M.A Education 3rd semester (5) and M.Phil. (5). The participants were selected through purposive sampling. Thematic analysis was used as method for data analysis. The data analysis revealed two main themes as need of Brahui mother tongue education in Brahui majority schools and teacher training for Brahui mother tongue education.
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Yelubayeva, Perizat, and Aliya Mustafina. "Developing Kazakh students’ intercultural awareness and communication through collaborative technologies." European Journal of Language Policy: Volume 12, Issue 2 12, no. 2 (2020): 235–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ejlp.2020.12.
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Intercultural communication is a fundamental aspect in EFL classrooms since language teaching (LT) classrooms have tended to provide learners with environments to improve their cultural awareness and intercultural communication in the academic discourses. Researches of both spoken and written discourses have demonstrated that linguistic phenomena are related to their society and culture. The present paper is concerned with the impact of using collaborative technologies to create a relaxed and open atmosphere for language learning, increase retention of cultural background knowledge and stimulate both creative and critical thinking during language classrooms at Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages. This paper outlines the culture-aware collaborative technologies founded on task-based approach within a discourse view of language, culture and communication, and presents the findings on how those culturally sensitive communication tasks in foreign-language teaching can influence people to succeed in collaboration with the target language users in a sociocultural context. The initiatives to create an intercultural environment and encourage effective intercultural collaboration in EFL classrooms has a positive impact on language learners’ personal and professional development, with greater understanding of social and cultural issues, ethical awareness and intercultural communication.
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Linh, Nguyễn Thuỳ. "THE INTERGRATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING." TNU Journal of Science and Technology 228, no. 12 (2023): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.34238/tnu-jst.8292.
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Bài báo nghiên cứu việc tích hợp các công cụ công nghệ trong việc dạy tiếng Anh, bao gồm phương pháp giảng dạy, công cụ công nghệ được sử dụng và những khó khăn mà giảng viên phải đối mặt. Sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định lượng để thu thập và phân tích dữ liệu số liệu thông qua các bảng câu hỏi có cấu trúc, cung cấp thông tin về các công nghệ chính được sử dụng, những khó khăn mà giáo viên gặp phải và các phương pháp giảng dạy áp dụng công nghệ có hiệu quả nhất. Kết quả nghiên cứu làm nổi bật sự phổ biến của công nghệ trong giảng dạy tiếng Anh, với các công cụ quan trọng cung cấp nhiều cơ hội giảng dạy nhưng cũng đặt ra những thách thức. Phương pháp học kết hợp là phương pháp giảng dạy áp dụng công nghệ hiệu quả nhất. Nghiên cứu cũng nhấn mạnh sự cần thiết giải quyết những khó khăn được và đưa ra các giải pháp để tăng cường việc giảng dạy tiếng Anh sử dụng công nghệ.
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Ryzhikova, Tatiana R., Albina A. Dobrinina, and Nikolay S. Urtegeshev. "Articulatory Traits of “a”-Type Sound Realizations in the Barabian, Altai, and Bashkir Languages in the Comparative Aspect." Philology 18, no. 9 (2020): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-9-127-143.
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Purpose. Experimental phonetics is a fundamental source of typological reconstructions. It provides plausible data on the phonetic processes progressing in a language, dialect, or subdialect. In this paper, we compare the results of MRI-investigation of the sound a (it being the most frequently used in the Turkic languages) in related though quite distant languages: Baraba-Tatar, Altai (Ust-Khan subdialect) and Bashkir (Eastern dialect). Thus, the purpose of our study is to distinguish the articulatory traits of the a-type sound in the Barabian, Altai and Bashkir languages under different positional and combinatory conditions as a result of somatic experimental-phonetic research. Magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) of the vocal tunings was done from the native speakers of the three languages: Baraba-Tatar, Altai, and Bashkir. The static MRI images comprising a-type articulations were selected from the obtained database. The somatic analysis of the linguistic material was conducted in accordance with the technique practiced in the V. M. Nadelyayev’s Laboratory of Experimental-Phonetic Researches (IP SB RAS). Sound tomograms have been analyzed and interpreted, tomoschemes are presented for the visualization purpose. In total, 17 tomograms have been described. The authors have processed the linguistic and experimental material on three Turkic idioms and made a number of important conclusions. 1. A-type sound is realized in the back row words in the languages under consideration, which coincides with the supposition about Turkic vowel harmony suggested earlier. 2. In all languages under investigation the general tuning of the sound a is similar: it is central-back. But what makes it unique for every language is its additional characteristics. For example, in Barabian the phoneme /ʌ̇˘/ can be realized in pharyngealized, nasalized and labialized variants, while the Ust-Khan phoneme /ʌ̇/ is the most unified one (nonnasalized, rarely labialized and pharyngealized). The Eastern Bashkirian phoneme /ɤ̇/ resembles the Baraba-Tatar phoneme in many aspects. 3. The statement (based on the perceptive analysis) about the use of more open and in some senses more backward, laryngeal and even pharyngealized sound a in some sub-dialects of the Eastern dialect of Bashkir did not turn out to be correct. According to the experimental data, all eastern Bashkir tunings appear to be central-back strongly shifted forward, i.e. the tongue does not move backward too much. Regarding the mouth openness, all variants of the Eastern Bashkirian sound a are half narrow (the third level of openness), and in some cases they can even be said to be narrow (the second level). 4. Despite the territorial closeness of Altai (Ust-Khan sub-dialect) and Baraba-Tatar, the comparative analysis of the articulatory peculiarities of the vocal tunings under discussion revealed close correlation between Barabian and Eastern Bashkirian realizations of sound a. It might be accounted for by similar ways of their development (both of historical and immanent character) as well as by the literary Tatar language and its dialects influence on Baraba-Tatar (an intensive wave of immigrants from the Volga-Ural region into Baraba Steppe where Baraba-Tartars had been historically living was recorded in the beginning of the 20th century). To sum up, the further investigation of all vocal system units is necessary to make final conclusions about typological likelihood or diversity of the languages under consideration.
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Bình, Trần Quang. "Dạy những hiện tượng gần nghĩa trong tiếng Nga cho học viên Việt Nam". Tạp chí Khoa học Ngoại ngữ, № 67 (21 грудня 2021): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.56844/tckhnn.67.86.
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Trong quá trình dạy-học ngoại ngữ nói chung và tiếng Nga nói riêng chúng ta luôn gặp phải những hiện tượng gần nghĩa. Những hiện tượng này thường gây ra những khó khăn nhất định cho người học trong việc lựa chọn dùng hiện tượng này hay hiện tượng kia cho đúng với phong cách sử dụng của người bản ngữ khi giao tiếp. Để khắc phục những khó khăn này chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu, đúc rút kinh nghiệm giảng dạy thực tế và đề xuất trong khuôn khổ bài viết này một số nguyên tắc dạy-học những hiện tượng gần nghĩa trong tiếng Nga cho học viên Việt Nam.
 Synonymy is a popular phenomenon in teaching and learning foreign languages in general and Russian language in particular. Such phenomenon offen poses difficulties for learners in choosing expressions to sound like natives during communication. Therefore, on the basis of scientific research and practical teaching experience, this paper proposes some principles for teaching synonymy to Vietnamese learners.
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Baltabay, D. "ETYMOLOGY OF SOME TURKIC WORDS IN THE WORK SHEZHIRE-I TERAKIME." Bulletin of the Eurasian Humanities Institute, Philology Series, no. 1 (March 15, 2024): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55808/1999-4214.2024-1.02.
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The study of monuments of historical writing in the linguistic aspect is of great importance for linguistics. The research article analyzes the etymology of the words qaryndas, elshi, eñbek and baila- verb found in the work «Shezhire-i terakime». The use of these words in ancient Turkic written monuments, medieval heritage and modern Turkic languages is described. The main goal of the study was to determine the etymology of Turkish words. Hypothetical opinions of Altaic and Turkic scientists are given during the research. The work of Abulgazy Bahadur Khan “Shezhire-i terakime” is a medieval work written in the Chagatai language. Its lexical layer consists of Turkic, Mongolian, Arabic, and Persian words. Also, the mixed use of Oghuz, Kipchak, Karluk-Uighur elements in the language of the work indicates that the Chagatai language was a common written language for the Turkic peoples. Therefore, the lexical-semantic study of the historical work, which we took as an object, and the determination of the etymology of Turkic words in it speaks of the relevance of the study. To differentiate theoretical conclusions, the article uses the method of analysis, the method of semantic analysis, the descriptive method, and the historical- comparative method.
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Kadyrbaev, Alexander Sh. "Chinese Language and Confucianism as an Instrument of Mongolian Adaptation in China during Yuan Epoch (13th–14th Centuries)." Oriental Courier, no. 1-2 (2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310015768-2.
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The article is devoted to the topic of the acculturation of the Mongol conquerors in China after the conquest by the first heirs of Genghis Khan and the creation of the Yuan Empire — the Mongol state in China. The history of China in the 13th-14th centuries, when the country was conquered by its neighbors, is a vivid example of the relationship between a nomadic and a centuries-old sedentary ethnos. At that time, the Chinese language and the teachings of Confucius became instruments for the acculturation of the Mongols. Having conquered China, the Mongol rulers were forced to master the Chinese culture to most effectively rule the country. As a result, the Yuan era was marked by intense cultural contacts, which makes it possible to trace the changes in the objective parameters of the Chinese language. However, the Mongolian influence itself played only a complementary role in the long process of interaction of the Chinese language with the languages of the steppe peoples of Central and East Asia.
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Thảo, Ngô Thị Thanh. "Nghiên cứu đặc điểm ngôn ngữ-văn hóa của thành ngữ tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt có sử dụng tên gọi động vật". Tạp chí Khoa học Ngoại ngữ, № 66 (22 грудня 2021): 97–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.56844/tckhnn.66.104.
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Thành ngữ (idioms) là sản phẩm đặc biệt của ngôn ngữ, được sử dụng phổ biến trong giao tiếp hàng ngày. Tuy nhiên, người học ngoại ngữ gặp rất nhiều khó khăn trong việc hiểu và sử dụng các thành ngữ nói chung và các thành ngữ sử dụng tên gọi động vật nói riêng do sự khác biệt về văn hóa. Bài viết này trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu về sự tương đồng và khác biệt của các thành ngữ có sử dụng tên gọi động vật trong tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt nhằm giúp sinh viên Việt Nam học tiếng Anh tránh được những lỗi giao thoa ngôn ngữ. 
 Idioms are special products of a language, used popularly in daily communication. However, due to cultural differences, learners of foreign languages, encounter many difficulties in understanding and using idioms in general and animal-related idioms in particular. The article discusses the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese animal-related idioms in order to help Vietnamese learners of English language avoid language interference errors.
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Atiya Faiz Baloch. "Research And Critical Review Of Insha's Experiments." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 2, no. 1 (2022): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareechaetahqeeq.v2i1.14.
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"Syed Insha is a famous Urdu poet and prose writer. He was born in Murshidabad, India. His father's name was Mir Mashallah Khan. Syed Insha's grandfather was Mir Noorullah Hakim. Belonging to a scholarly and literary family, he spoke Turkish, Hindi, Arabic, Persian, European, Pashto, Punjabi, Kashmiri and Bengali fluently. Thanks to this linguist, he worked in prose. In prose Syed Insha wrote two stories. In both of them, he had two different experiments. In the story of Rani Ketki, Insha did not use any words of Persian and Arabic. For him Urdu is a separate language apart from these two languages and without the use of these two languages, excellent writing can also be written in Urdu. In Silk -e- Gohar he used words that not have dots that is, he wrote the story with pointless words. Both these experiences of Syed Insha are valued in Urdu literature. Because no other literature has adopted this style."
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Chahan. "Традиция и трансформация монгольской версии «Истории Арджи Бурджи-хана»". Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук 16, № 4 (2020): 231–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2020-4-16-231-264.
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There are three texts in the Mongolian language which tell the story of the life of King Bigarmidzhid — “History of Bigarmijid Khan”, “History of Arji Burji Khan” and “History of Gesne Khan”. The trilogy connected by a single plot is built on the basis of the stories of thirty-two wooden men of the magical royal throne. It is believed that the trilogy originated in India, but there are no records on whether it was transmitted orally or in writing and on who and when translated it. This article gives a comparative analysis of the Mongolian (Mongolian, Buryat and Kalmyk) versions of the “History of Arji Burji Khan”.
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Sirisuwilai, Watcharapon. "CLT in Chines Major’s Comprehensive Chinese Course – A case study of Khon Kaen University, Thailand." European Journal of Social Science Education and Research 5, no. 2 (2018): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejser-2018-0045.
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Abstract Nowadays Chinese language is become one of the most important foreign language in Thailand reflexing by the growing popularity of the Chinese language. Traditional Chinese language teaching cause the lack of high communicative competence. Therefore, the study preliminarily attempt to combine the theory of Communicative Language Teaching with Comprehensive Chinese teaching so as to search for a feasible and effective instruction which conforms to the teaching features of comprehensive Chinese course in Khon Kaen University. After Pre-test and Post-test and compared by SPSS (T-Test sig (2-tailed) = 0.00<0.05), the result show that in Listening skill the difference is significant (sig. (2-tailed) = 0.01), Speaking skill the different is significant (sig. (2-tailed) = 0.00), Writing skill the different is significant (sig. (2-tailed) = 0.03), only Reading skill which the difference is no significant(sig. (2-tailed) = 0.324). As a result after a semester using Communicative Language Teaching method in comprehensive Chinese course for Chinese major student in Khon Kaen University, CLT effectively improve student Chinese language achievement and help them to improve their Chinese listening, speaking and writing skill. Moreover, this teaching method is highly recognized by students. This verified the important and necessity of communicative language teaching method to improve Chinese major student Chinese communicative competence.
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Wu, Airong, and Kun Liu. "Difficulties in Translating Concepts that Denote Objects and Phenomena of Material Culture of Central Asian Peoples, and the Principles of Overcoming Them (on the Example of the Translation of V. G. Yan’s Novel “Genghis Khan” from Russian into Chinese)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 13, no. 1 (2021): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2021.102.
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The concept of national-oriented translation as a part of the cultural translation theory becomes most relevant during the translation of fiction books into languages where the native speakers’ cultural context is far from what is narrated in the text of the translated work. The problem may be even more complicated if the language of the translated work is not the language of the described culture. This problem is exemplified by the Chinese translation of V. G. Yan’s novel “Genghis Khan”, which was written in Russian and depicts the complexity of socio-cultural processes in Central Asia during the 13th century. The description of the most important elements of material culture presented in the novel reflects the diversity of the material culture of the peoples of Central Asia. The article analyzes typical errors and inaccuracies in the translation of concepts that denote objects of material culture of Central Asian peoples. The authors attempt to identify the causes of translation errors: translator errors that arose due to differences in the semantic systems of the Russian and Chinese languages, as well as errors related to cultural differences between the peoples of Central Asia and China. The methodological basis of the research is Yuri Naida’s concept of dynamic equivalence as well as the principles of functional equivalence of the original and translated texts proposed by L. K. Latyshev. The source of material for the comparative analysis is the translation of the novel “Genghis Khan” into Chinese by Chen Hongfa. As a result of the analysis of errors and generalization of theoretical provisions, the authors propose three translation principles in order to avoid errors in the translation of names for objects of material culture, namely: the principles of “Double definition”, “Semantic correspondence” and “Addition of translation by explaining the connotative meaning of the word”. Adherence to these principles will allow translators to bring the translated text closer to the original text in both functional and communicative as well as semantic and structural ways.
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Hsiung, Hansun. "Knowledge Made Cheap: Global Learners and the Logistics of Reading." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 134, no. 1 (2019): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2019.134.1.137.
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“You only have to know one thing: You can learn anything. For free. For everyone. Forever” (Khan Academy). Utopias of learning abound in our contemporary media landscape. Take, for instance, the above motto of Khan Academy (#YouCanLearnAnything), one of the earliest providers of open online education. With lessons in over twenty-four languages on topics from algebra to art history, Khan Academy aspires to reach an unprecedented global audience—not only children from the United States who are stuck in “a corrupt or broken [school] system” but also the “young girl in an African village” and the “fisherman's son in New Guinea” (Khan 4). In this sense, Khan Academy enjoys a paradoxical kinship to the diverse geographies studied in this cluster of essays. By promising the global provision of education, it seeks to conquer geography itself.
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Ashraf, Kashmalah, Durr-e. Nayab, and Sana Tahir. "Making Sense of Leadership Language: An Analysis of Mr. Imran Khan’s Spoken Political Discourse." Review of Education, Administration & Law 5, no. 1 (2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/real.v5i1.213.
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Language has variety of roles in the lives of human beings. It speaks volumes about how someone uses language and makes it distinct from one culturally diverse person to another. Language in this sense plays a crucial role in determining how and what individuals say and, in turn, such language use in the political discourse will be reflected upon by others, positively or negatively. Politicians within any system, often depends on the language to assert power, persuade and convince people of their ideologies. This paper considers the language used by the Former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Mr. Imran Khan as demonstrated in his spoken political discourse. More specifically, it attempted to analyse the language as used by a well-known politician and leader. The study holds qualitative analysis of Mr. Imran Khan’s spoken political discourse to interpret Imran Khan’s word choices to reflect his intention in a political realm. For sure, it can convince and persuade people in believing particular desire, ideology or even action. For this purpose, Imran Khan during his leadership locally and internationally were analysed based on the theoretical framework of Fairclough's three-dimensional model. The study reveals several findings including Mr. Imran’s linguistic and rhetorical strategies in demonstrating his leadership in Pakistan and abroad.
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Syafyahya, Leni, and Efri Yades. "Hemung and Sperrung Posttherapy ODGJ Verbal Language." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 8, SI16 (2023): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v8isi16.5213.
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The study aimed to describe the hemung, sperrung, and verbal language abilities of after therapy ODGJ. Methods through editing, coding, equivalent data analysis were used. Data obtained from YouTube Diman Khan TV. The results showed that hemung and sperrung occurred when asked about the deep conflict in the sufferer. The meaning of the ODGJ verbal language varies in communicating speech. There are coherent and incoherent. Coherent speech relates to other speeches, and incoherent speech is unrelated to following. After therapy,verbal language skills of ODGJ have developed.This development can be seen in reduction of hemung, sperrung, and incoherent sentences in communication.
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Cappuzzo, Barbara. "The Importance of Multilingual Information and Plain English in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 17, no. 30 (2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n30p37.
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Health is a common issue for all human beings. As a consequence, everyone in the world has in some way to cope with the language of medicine. This is true now more than ever due to the global health crisis caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic, which has introduced a great amount of terms, previously mostly used by epidemiologists and statisticians, but which now have entered the daily lexicon of many languages. As the medium of international scientific communication, English is the language of worldwide information about the pandemic, and the main source of terms and expressions for other languages. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on English lexicon has been so deep that the Oxford English Dictionary Online (OED) released special updates in 2020 to fulfil the need to document the phenomenon. However, previous studies (Khan et al. 2020; Deang and Salazar 2021) have highlighted the important question concerning the existence of several ethnic minorities who have Limited English Proficiency (LEP) and therefore do not receive sufficient and appropriate information to defend themselves adequately against SARS-CoV-2, the virus we have all been fighting for more than one year now. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of language and translation as essential components to provide all demographic groups/communities with access to COVID-19-related information in languages other than English and enable them to follow official health key rules. The main websites of Italian governmental and nongovernmental institutions were investigated, and the analysis focused on the availability and type of content of the multilingual material, as well as on information accessibility and clarity. The results showed important differences in the number of available languages and, even more, in the level of intelligibility of COVID-19 material in the English language. In this respect, this study intends to foster the use of plain English in the dissemination material provided by the websites of the main healthcare public institutions in Italy, a country with an ever-increasing number of registered foreigners, the majority born in non-EU countries.
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Mitruev, Bembya L. "Письмо Убаши-хана из монастыря Лабранг в свете данных тибетских источников о связях калмыков с духовными иерархами". Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук, № 1 (1 серпня 2023): 8–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2023-1-25-8-43.
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Introduction. Recent years have witnessed several publications of Oirat-language (Clear Script) letters by Kalmyk khans and nobility, including ones authored by Viceroy Ubashi. However, the former have included none of Khan Ubashi’s messages written after the Kalmyk Exodus of 1771. So, the paper examines one such Oirat-language letter housed at Labrang Monastery (Gansu, PRC). Goals. The work introduces the mentioned document into scientific circulation, seeks to identify its author, addressee and period of creation, analyze its contents from the perspective of Tibet-based sources on relations between Kalmyk elites and Tibetan hierarchs after the year 1771. Materials. The study investigates an eighteenth-century Clear Script letter stored in the Grand Hall of Labrang Monastery and analyzes some Tibetan-language sources, namely: official biographies of the Sixth Panchen Lama Palden Yeshe and the Eighth Dalai Lama Jamphel Gyatso. Results. Analysis has established authorship of the letter, the time interval when it could have been written, and hypothesizes as to the addressee. So, it is presumed that the letter was submitted by Khan Ubashi to Konchok Jigme Wangpo, the Second Jamyang Zhepa, in 1772. Additional insights into other sources may attest to that the key causes behind the Kalmyk Exodus headed by Khan Ubashi included the people’s concern about retaining traditional faith.
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Baybulatova, Liliya F. "“Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek: raising the question of authorship." Golden Horde Review 11, no. 2 (2023): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.266-273.
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Research objectives: This article raises the question of the authorship of the work “Jami al-tawarikh”, written in Kasimov at the beginning of the 17th century. The author of this work is Kadyr Ali-bek, an associate of the Kasimov Khan Uraz-Muhammad. Research materials: The main source behind this study is the Kazan and St. Petersburg lists of “Jami al-tawarikh”, as well as a study dedicated to this work and the personality of Kadyr Ali-bek. Results and novelty of the research: An analysis of the text, “Jami al-tawarikh”, and scientific works about Uraz-Muhammad Khan, the Kasimov Khan, has led to the idea that the work’s author may not be Kadyr Ali-bek. This assumption is based on a different reading of the text in places where authorship is mentioned. In addition, the present version arose from the insertion of text in the work’s various parts. The language is heterogeneous, parts of the composition differ in terms of the presence of borrowings, and we see different levels of the Tatar language. As well, considering the personality of Kadyr Ali-bek, and his role under the Kasimov Khan, it can be assumed that the author of “Jami al-tawarikh” was another person, and Kadyr Ali-bek was a copyist.
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Akynbekova, A. "Occurrence and Application in Linguistics the Term Chagatai Language." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 1 (2020): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/50/48.
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Chagatai writing made a great contribution to the formation and development of culture in the history of Turkic-speaking peoples. Therefore, this article has studied the origin of the anthroponym Chagatai, used by the Turkic-speaking States during the XV–XIX centuries, and its use as a term in scientific works At the time, these issues generated a great interest of Soviet turkologists, and some domestic and Russian-speaking scientists conducted research in this direction, that is, they studied the language of official documentation and written monuments of the XV–XIX centuries. This article gave examples from their writings. In the works it was noted that Chagatai language was the literary language of the Turkic-speaking peoples in the territory belonging to Chagataikhan, the second son of Genghis Khan, after his death. Since then, the anthroponym Chagatai has been widely used as a term in scientific works, subsequently there were such terms as Chagatai writing, Chagatai language, Chagatai culture, Chagatai literature. The result based on the facts in the writings of scholars K. K. Udachin, B. M. Yunusalieva, K. Dyikanova, V. M. Flat, S. Kudaibergenov, V. V. Radlov, N. Ilmenskogo, P. M. Melioransky, K. Berkelman, A. K. Borovkov, N. Samoylovich, N. Vambery, Fuat Koprulu, G. F. Blagova, A. M. Scherbak, who carried out research in this area, it was concluded that the Chagatai language was the literary language of literate among many Turkic peoples who before the October socialist revolution on the basis of their native languages, the formation of the literary language was still at a low level. Therefore, it is concluded that comparing the materials of the modern Kyrgyz language with the Chagatai language, their proximity and kinship should be taken as an object of special research to reveal the causes of the history of the origin of the modern Kyrgyz language in the in-depth study.
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Sadiq, Samiya, Muhammad Akbar Khan, and Rasheeda Aslam. "Language, Media and Ideology: A Critical Analysis of Pakistani Political Propaganda." Global Sociological Review VIII, no. II (2023): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2023(viii-ii).22.
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This research investigates the ideological representations found in the video blogs of two Pakistani journalists, Imran Riaz Khan and Orya Maqbool Jan, and explores their influence on the audience. This study is exclusively qualitative in its approach. Potential ethical concerns are minimized as there are no personal interactions or sensitive information involved. The current research has clarified the ideological representations within the chosen video blogs by employing Fairclough's critical discourse analysis (CDA) framework. Extensive examination of the text, as well as targeted analysis of allusions to other texts and sociocultural aspects, has been conducted to ensure a comprehensive exploration of the topic. The analysis reveals that Imran Riaz Khan and Orya Maqbool Jan skillfully utilize a range of textual and stylistic methods in their vlogs to achieve a particular objective. They effectively meet the essential criteria for conveying a particular ideology. Using syntactic structure and repeated elements, their video blogs highlight the central topic of social and cultural inequity, particularly pertaining to racial bias and discrimination rooted in colour and belief.
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Sarah Anjum and Muhammad Sabboor Hussain. "Imran Khan and Z.A. Bhutto: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistani Political Speeches." sjesr 6, no. 2 (2023): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol6-iss2-2023(11-17).
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Critical Discourse Analysis elucidates the text, language, social customs, hidden agendas, and linguistic twists. Politicians manipulate language in such a way that people's sentiments and emotions connect with politicians. In political debates, CDA has been used to showcase the speech style behind all these and every sort of discourse that can be employed to control the sentiment expressed to the audience (Roffee, 2016). Fairclough's study of the three-dimensional model: text, discursive practices, and societal practices influenced this study. This research examines how political speeches by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Imran Khan are constructed and how ideology emerges. Various linguistic tools have been investigated to uncover hidden agendas. The major findings in Imran Khan's power projection are his excessive use of religious and political implications and personal pronouns to gain and show his power. Power is discovered to be constructed via language, ideology, society, and political practices. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's speech focuses on the right of countries to self-determination. Both UN speeches were watershed moments in Pakistani history, reflecting existing political ideologies and societal factors. The speeches demonstrate how language can build persuasive arguments and communicate important ideas beyond words.
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Mannobovich Latipov, Murotali. "Some Morphological Features of the Language of the Works of Iskhak Khan Ibrat." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 11, no. 3 (2024): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v11i3.5662.
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This scientific work provides information on the morphological use of possessive, case forms of nouns, relational forms of verbs, and auxiliaries used in the text of prose, poetic, publicist works of the enlightened jadid writer Iskhak Khan Ibrat.
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Bolander, Brook. "English and the transnational Ismaili Muslim community: Identity, the Aga Khan, and infrastructure." Language in Society 45, no. 4 (2016): 583–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404516000439.
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AbstractThe adoption of English as the official language of the transnational Ismaili Muslim community has its roots in the British Raj, which provides the backdrop for recent Ismaili history. Yet it is the Aga Khan IV, spiritual leader of the community since 1957, who has most avidly pushed English as part of a ‘language policy’. Drawing on Ismaili discourse published online, historical sources, secondary literature, and data collected during ethnographic fieldwork in Northern Pakistan and Eastern Tajikistan, this article addresses how English emerged as the community's official language, how and why it was made integral to the community's transnational infrastructure, and what English means to Ismailis living in a village in Hunza, Northern Pakistan and the city of Khorog, Eastern Tajikistan. It thereby underscores that identity and infrastructure emerge as entangled, and it reflects upon the implications of this relationship for research on English and Islam, and language and transnationalism. (Transnationalism, English, Ismaili, Pakistan, Tajikistan, identity, infrastructure, Islam)*
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KNOX-SHAW, PETER. "EDWARD YOUNG IN ‘KUBLA KHAN’." Notes and Queries 47, no. 3 (2000): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/47-3-323.
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KNOX-SHAW, PETER. "EDWARD YOUNG IN ‘KUBLA KHAN’." Notes and Queries 47, no. 3 (2000): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/47.3.323.
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Dr Syed Zamir ul Hassan and Dr. Ansar Abbas. "Tradition Of Script Recognition And The Distinctions Of Imtiaz Ali Arshi." Dareecha-e-Tahqeeq 5, no. 2 (2024): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/dareecha-e-tahqeeq.v5i2.168.
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When after traveling a long distance the human civilization on earth reaches the first rung of the ladder of enlightenment it aspires to harness the power of nature and the strong desire to pass on the experiences, mental and intellectual capital to the next generations becomes strong. The possible answer to which is searched in shapes and appearances. It is this image, the appearance, the painting which makes writing a top priority for a civilized world. Letter writing enjoys much importance in the East. Like other languages with the name of Urdu language there comes in the mind the image of a script. This is the language which is written in Persian script. Persian script is not only its essential factor but it is also its life blood. In view of the requirements of their language Urdu literary giants have been making many changes. The Persian book writers aromatized the garden of letter writing with the smell of aesthetic sense. Letter recognition is a knowledge. Its popularity in Europe is less in comparison to that in the East. Excavation and its related research came into vogue. The researchers have started making attempts to read engravings on various buildings and to know about the mutual relation between different scripts. There are various writings on Egyptian oak, dry clay and fine membranes, in the ancient times. Organization of all this information led to the founding a new art of letter recognition. In Urdu also, the experts of this art accessed these sciences by recognizing ancient manuscripts. In the field of script recognition, Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Sheerani, Hafiz Abdul Wadood and Dr.Waheed Qureshi are valuable personalities. Imtiaz Ali Khan Arshi is another name in the field of Script recognition who enjoys unique identity in this field. This study aims at resuscitating the dying tradition of script recognition and with the guidance of the script recognizers like Imtiaz Ali in crossing its milestone of school of thought with his guidance to smooth the way for future compilers and script recognizers.
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Yarmarkina, Galina M. "Антропонимы в письмах хана Аюки и их русских переводах: предварительный анализ". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, № 3 (2020): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-3-497-508.
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Introduction. Anthroponyms contain valuable insights into the history of ethnic language and culture. The historical aspect of anthroponymy needs further research to reconstruct a wider panorama of the ethnos-specific anthroponymic system. Goals. The article seeks to consider the anthroponymic elements of Khan Ayuka’s letters in comparison with parallel Russian translated equivalents of theirs. Comparison of the Kalmyk and Russian texts makes it possible to trace traditions of naming people in different ethnocultural societies, thus revealing materials for a Kalmyk 18th-century name list. Methods and Materials. The paper analyzes 1714 letters of the Kalmyk Khan Ayuka and their Russian translations (referred to 1714 as well) housed by the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia. The personal names considered identified through the use of the continuous sampling method. The main research methods employed are the descriptive and comparative ones, and that of contextual analysis. The analyzed texts contain not only Kalmyk anthroponyms but also ones borrowed from other languages, which resulted from socio-political contacts with different peoples and states. Along with Russian, there are Kazakh, Tatar, Khiva, Turkmen, and other anthroponyms. Still, the article focuses on Kalmyk anthroponymic elements. Conclusions. Anthroponymy of each ethnos in each era has its own characteristics. In this regard, the material contained in the official correspondence of Khan Ayuka restores part of the Kalmyk anthroponymic register typical for the 1700–1720s. Restoration of the name list in diachrony requires both original texts and their Russian translations be used, since anthroponyms mentioned in the original documents and translated texts complement each other, which may indicate regularity, reproducibility of such personal names.
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Zaytsev, Il’ya V. "“We will give you recite, and you will not forget” (Quran, 87:6). A tale of the Kazan Khan and his clever vizier." GOLDEN HORDE REVIEW 11, no. 4 (2023): 834–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-4.834-842.
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Purpose of the study: To analyze the text and present a translation of the latifeh anecdote about the clever vizier of the Kazan Khan. Research materials: The archive of Rizaetdin Fakhretdin. Results and scientific novelty of the study: the study is based on the publication and translation of the text, an anecdote – latifeh – about the clever vizier of the Kazan Khan who escaped death with the help of a cunning reading of an unvoiced Persian text in Arabic. The latifeh has been preserved in the archive and with a high degree of probability belongs to the pen of a very prolific poet and highly educated representative of the Muslim clergy of the Volga-Ural region, ‘Ali Chokry ((1827/28–1889). The list presented for research is currently stored in the Institute of Oriental Manuscripts of the Russian Academy Sciences in St. Petersburg. It is in its composition that the published anecdote is stored. This anecdote about “Sonkor-bik Kalanis” is also of Persian origin, since it arose in a Turkic environment where Farsi was well known. Perhaps it refers to the era of the Kazan Khanate, but we have no information about the existence in that state of the position of vizier under the khan. However, as an example of playing on words of an anecdotal nature, this story could well have appeared in the Volga region in the early Middle Ages. After all, it is based on the difference in reading the Arabic language and Turkic speech recorded in Arabic script. The Turks and Arabs faced this problem as soon as Islam penetrated the Turkic environment and their acquaintance with the Koran began. Thus, the “Latifeh about the Kazan Khan and his Vizier” is not just an interesting and funny anecdote, but an instructive philological puzzle that came to the mind of a sophisticated connoisseur of the three major languages of Islam – Arabic, Farsi, and Turkic.
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İREVANLI, Sevil. "KUCHUM KHAN AGAİNST THE RUSSİAN OCCUPATİON OF SİBERİA." Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken / Journal of World of Turks 14, no. 2 (2022): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/zfwt/140219.
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When examining the Finn branch, one of the five main branches of the Turanians, it is seen that; The Finn branch separated from the Altai steppes in prehistoric times, much earlier than other tribes, by migrating to the north and west. It is seen that the language of the Turanians, their historical data and their current places are considered together; The first Turan people to come into contact with Europe are the Finns. In fact, when we look at the Turkish epics and written documents of the Irtysh River tribes, BC. It is a geography where Turks have lived and settled since ancient times. After the disintegration of the Göktürk Khaganate, of which the Kipchaks were an important element, it is seen that the Kimek clan united in Western Siberia, which was under its dominance, and then spread to the wide steppe area. Senior Siberian researcher M. A. Castren, in a letter he wrote to his friend from Nazımova in 1847, with his own irony; “You can say hi to Runeberg (a Swedish-language Shahname poet in Finland) from me. Consider the Kuchum Khan Empire, which has hitherto been the only Finnish state, as a suitable subject to study. Kuchum Khan himself was a Turk, but his effort in resisting Yermak and the relations of these two heroes are really worth processing in the poem," he wrote. The research results of the Castren era have since been repeatedly censored. Key words: Siberya,Ural-Altai, Kimek-Kipchaks, Kuchun Khan, Russian Attack, Censorhip.
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Karoly, Laszlo, and Yerbol i. Muna. "Derivatives -či/čï in the medieval Kipchak manuscript Temür Qutlugh Khan’s yarliǧ." Turkic Studies Journal 5, no. 3 (2023): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2664-5157-2023-3-136-145.
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In 1397, Temür Qutlugh, Khan of the Golden Horde, issued the edict (yarlïǧ) to a local royal family in Crimea. In this medieval manuscript, the addresser mentions dozens of profession names, many of which are formed with the help of the word-formative suffix (affix) -či/čï. The derivative -či/čï is a common word-formation affix in Old and modern Turkic languages, its origins are in the Proto-Altaic language. -či/čï is actively functioning in both the early and late Middle Ages, which is also confirmed by the analysis of derived words in this specific manuscript. Historically, -či/-čï denoted a person’s connection with a subject, an action, or a professional activity to which it attaches, and this word-formation meaning has also existed in this manuscript (bitigči, tartnaqčï, köprükči, etc.). The authors have made a semantic and etymological analysis of the generating bases of lexemes, identified the corpus of derived words denoting professions in the Golden Horde, considered their syntagmatic and contextual compatibility, and concluded that derived words with derivatives -či/-čï in the vocabulary of Temür Qutlugh yarlïǧï, and their word-formation meanings have continuity with similar derivatives of modern Turkic languages
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Muhammad Tanveer. "Letter Writing of Allama Shibli Nomani." Tasdiqتصدیق۔ 2, no. 1 (2020): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.56276/tasdiq.v2i1.25.
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Allama Shibli Nomani was a famous historian of the subcontinent. His letters to different personalities like Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Nawab Mehdi Ali and Molana Habiburrehman Sherwani, etc are masterpieces in themselves. His letters are written in a comprehensive, lucid, and scholarly language. He discussed social, political, educational, and scholarly matters in his letters. Some of his letters are romantic. His language is literary, simple, and full of sincerity.
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Salih, Ahmed Muhammad, and Muhammed Rajab Haji. "Collocations in the Prophetic Hadith with Reference to Their Realizations in English." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 27, no. 9 (2020): 15–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.27.9.2020.25.
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Words are basic part of every language, without these words people could not keep in touch. In every language vocabulary include single word and multi-word expressions. The term collocation is among those multi-word expressions which refers to the accompanying words or words which usually occur together. This paper deals with the term of collocation in English and Arabic in general and its use in the Prophetic Hadiths in particular.The aim of this study is to introduce a theoretical background of the concept of collocation its classifications, and how it is restricted in English and Arabic languages. It also sheds light on the linguistic, cultural, and religious aspects of collocation and its relation to translation. The present study also aims at making a semantic and structural analysis of collocations in the Prophetic Hadith. Two English translations of the meaning the book hadith ( Saheeh Al Bukhari) are used in addition to the analysis of their translations of collocations. These translations are: of Muhammad Muhsin Khan (1997) and Ahmed Zidan (2014). The study is conducted on the basis of three hypotheses:1. Translators of the Prophetic Hadith have faced difficulties in rendering collocations.2. Translators do not recognize collocations in certain cases, and thus translate them as ordinary sequences of words.3. Though English and Arabic have different linguistic systems, translators of the Prophetic Hadith succeed in keeping the form and the content of some collocations.The basic findings that the researcher has arrived at are: Collocations are different semantically and structurally among languages. Secondly, there are mistranslations due to the translator's inability to transfer the figurative sense which in turn is implied in the Arabic collocations. Thirdly, linguistic, cultural, and religious differences affect the use of collocations between English and Arabic languages.
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Tokmakova, Madina Khasanbievna. "KRABARDIN-CHERKESS LANGUAGE PHRASEO EMOTIVES WITH THE VERBS OF ETHIN, SCHIIN, KHUN, IEN." BULLETIN of the Kabardian-Balkarian Institute for the Humanities Research 1, no. 44 (2020): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31007/2306-5826-2020-1-44-115-120.
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Ghazanfar, Prof Ghazanfar. "Marde Kherad mand o junu pasand." Rashhat-e-Qalam 2, no. 2 (2022): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56765/rq.v2i2.70.
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In this paper the heroic works done by the great sir Syed Ahmed khan in the field of reformation of Indian especially Muslim society have been described in Dastani form.
 Sir Syed Ahmed khan wanted to remove the evils and obstacles from the Muslim community through modern education. He emphasized on wisdom. According to him there were three main obstacles; and he had to fight them;
 
 The old traditions of his own society
 The British rulers who wanted to enslave every Indian.
 The other big community of India who took Muslims as their enemy.
 
 In this article I have tried my best to show that Sir Syed Ahmed khan was a Dastani (hearoric character) who did the heroic tasks beyond imagination. I also used the Dastani language.
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Arif, Fatima, Muhammad Akbar Khan, and Ali Haider. "Narrative Building in Politics: A Critical Analysis of Imran Khan's Selected Discourse." Global Social Sciences Review VIII, no. II (2023): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2023(viii-ii).49.
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This paper aims to shed light on narrative building in politics. It explores how Former Prime Minister, Imran Khan built his political narrative and consequently got unrivalled popularity in his country. It also investigates Imran Khan's linguistic strategies used for building his political narrative since the early days of his political party. This study is qualitative and narrative analysis has been done on the selected excerpts from the speeches by Imran Khan to understand how he built such a powerful narrative that changed the political views and perception of the masses. The study also reveals that Mr Khan has manipulated his usage of language to influence the minds of his countrymen. Hero-card and the space left by his opponents both helped him to succeed in making his incomparable place in Pakistani politics.
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Seitbatkalova, Aliya, Saltanat Tamenova, Bulent Tarman, Saken Mukan, and Elmira Yeralina. "Assessment of implementation of smart university management system: The case of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations and World Languages." Problems and Perspectives in Management 21, no. 1 (2023): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(1).2023.43.
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The effective functioning of a smart university management system significantly improves higher education institutions’ competitiveness. This study aims to assess the implementation of a smart university management system on the example of Kazakh Ablai khan International Relations and World Languages University. The paper considers elements of a smart university system (smart learning technology infrastructure, smart faculty staff, and smart students) from the university managers’ and students’ viewpoints using the stepwise algorithm to raise the university’s competitiveness. During the study, 2700 students were surveyed to assess the implementation and operation of smart systems at the university, and ten experts (the expert team consists of deans and head of departments) were interviewed to identify the weights of each element. The survey results showed that the technology infrastructure for smart learning at the university is at a lower level (50%) than the competence of the teaching staff (60%) and students (89%). Furthermore, based on standardized factor scores and the weighted average, the implementation level of a smart university management system is low – C (0.498), where the weighted assessment of smart learning technology infrastructure is 0.2, smart teaching faculty – 0.19, and smart students – 0.108. According to the results, the university management needs to develop the smart learning technology infrastructure (free Wi-Fi, smart education environment, and smart classrooms) and improve the qualifications of its teaching staff (knowledge and skills, content of the courses, and educational process).