Artículos de revistas: "Kerala History"

1

A., Remya. "HISTORY OF COINS IN KERALA". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n.º 5 (31 de mayo de 2021): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12815.

Texto completo

Resumen

Coins are as important as the inscription in history. Numismatics, the study of coins, is a multi-disciplinary science in the sense it requires information in palaeography, prehistoric studies, engravings and history, however it is itself one of the fundamental hotspots for the reproduction of history. Kerala was conceivably occupied with exchanging exercises from 3000 BCE with Sumerians and Babylonians. Phoenicians, Greeks, Egyptians, Romans, Jews, Arabs, Chinese and Europeans were pulled in by an assortment of wares, particularly flavors, cotton textures and other resources. Trade, invasion and civilizations were influenced the coin history. The evolution of coinage in Kerala throws light to history too. The present paper is an attempt to review the studies on numismatics of Kerala and thus to history too.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

2

Gamliel, Ophira. "Back from Shingly: Revisiting the premodern history of Jews in Kerala". Indian Economic & Social History Review 55, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464617745926.

Texto completo

Resumen

Jewish history in Kerala is based on sources mainly from the colonial period onward and mostly in European languages, failing to account for the premodern history of Jews in Kerala. These early modern sources are based on oral traditions of Paradeśi Jews in Cochin, who view the majority of Kerala Jews as inferior. Consequently, the premodern history of Kerala Jews remains untold, despite the existence of premodern sources that undermine unsupported notions about the premodern history of Kerala Jews—a Jewish ‘ur-settlement’ called Shingly in Kodungallur and a centuries-old isolation from world Jewry. This article reconstructs Jewish history in premodern Kerala solely based on premodern travelogues and literature on the one hand and on historical documents in Old Malayalam, Hebrew and Judeo-Arabic on the other hand. Sources of the early modern period are then examined for tracing the origins of the Shingly myth, arguing that the incorporation of the Shingly legend into the historiography of Kerala Jews was affected by contacts with European Jews in the Age of Discoveries rather than being a reflection of historical events.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

3

Abraham, Jose y George Oommen. "Inter-Weaving of Local and Global Discourses: History of Early Pentecostals in Kerala". Religions 14, n.º 3 (27 de febrero de 2023): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14030312.

Texto completo

Resumen

Even though the Pentecostal movement in Kerala, South India, is a unique expression of Global Christianity, it has not been given due recognition either in the history of Kerala Christianity or Global Pentecostalism. It was rooted in both local and global discourses of the early 20th century. So, in order to understand the origin and early history of the Pentecostal movement, we need to delve deep into the history of socio-religious reform movements, which were enthusiastically embraced by Dalits, women, and other marginalized sections of Kerala. Unique features of Kerala Pentecostalism were shaped by various revival and reform movements among Christians in Kerala. With the arrival of American missionaries associated with the Azusa Street revival, the homegrown brand of Kerala Pentecostalism engaged in the global discourse on Pentecostalism. It equipped Pentecostals with the language and interpretations to make a break with the past and carve out a new identity for themselves. The usual method of approaching it as an extension of global Pentecostalism will not help us to understand how Pentecostals in Kerala creatively engaged in local and global discourses at the turn of the 20th century.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

4

Gopal, Vinu V. "History of Neurospinal Surgery in Kerala". Journal of Spinal Surgery 6, n.º 2 (2019): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10039-1218.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

5

Gamliel, Ophira. "Voices Yet to Be Heard: On Listening to the Last Speakers of Jewish Malayalam". Journal of Jewish Languages 1, n.º 1 (2013): 135–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134638-12340004.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract Jewish history in Kerala, the southernmost state in modern India, goes back to as early as the tenth century CE. In the mid-twentieth century, Kerala Jews migrated en masse to Israel, leaving behind but a handful of their community members and remnants of eight communities, synagogues, and cemeteries. The paper presents a preliminary attempt to describe and analyze the language—so far left undocumented and unexplored—still spoken by Kerala Jews in Israel, based on a language documentation project carried out in 2008 and 2009. In light of the data collected and studied so far, it is clear that the language in question fits nicely into the Jewish languages spectrum, while at the same time it fits perfectly into the linguistic mosaic of castolects in Kerala. Though the linguistic database described here reflects a language in its last stages, it affords salvaging the remnants of a once rich oral heritage and opens new channels for the study of the history, society, and culture of Kerala Jews.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

6

Poyil, Dr Manjula. "Ethno Archaeology as Embedded History: The Kerala Experience". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, n.º 3 (27 de marzo de 2021): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i3.10948.

Texto completo

Resumen

Ethno archaeology is a branch of archaeology developed in Western world and ethno archaeologist began to use ethnographic parallels for explaining archaeological evidences from 1950’s onwards. Ethnoarchaeology essentially involves archaeologists living with peoples still generating the sort of residues found in the archaeological record and then using their modern data to suggest how things may have happened in the past.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

7

Devika, J. "Rethinking ‘Region’: Reflections on History-Writing in Kerala". Contemporary Perspectives 2, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2008): 246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223080750800200203.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

8

Ikbal, Eesha Jila. "World Literature in Kerala". Journal of World Literature 7, n.º 4 (19 de diciembre de 2022): 597–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24056480-00704007.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract Highlighting the local dimension of world literature, this article attempts a re-narrativization of Malayalam literary history through the lens of world literature. It does so by locating four possible materializations or phases of world literature, each marked by a crucial social or political development in the state of Kerala: the British colonial intervention, anti-colonialist sentiment, the phenomenon of the Cold War, and the dissolution of the USSR that followed the Cold War. While employing each of these as discursive categories to shed light on their literary and cultural implications in shaping the idea of “world literature” at different junctures, this article also analyzes the various meanings that “world” and “literature” embodied in the state.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

9

Hill, Polly. "Kerala is Different". Modern Asian Studies 20, n.º 4 (octubre de 1986): 779–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x0001372x.

Texto completo

Resumen

While it is very well known that the small Indian state of Kerala has many extraordinary anthropological, demographic, ecological, economic, educational, historical, political, religious, etc. features (which are reflected in a vast and to some extent learned literature), so that it is quite unlike what Stokes denotes as ‘the great agricultural plains areas, which for centuries before the British had experienced large-scale political organization’, it is yet possible that certain of its peculiarities are still insufficiently appreciated. So I here note some of the ‘surprises’ (as well as the uncertainties) which I experienced as a result of spending nearly three months in 1981–82 doing fieldwork in the lowlands of rural Trivandrum District, in the extreme south of Kerala, while also consulting the excellent library of the Centre for Development Studies near Trivandrum city. Whether Kerala bears comparison with Java, as some have claimed, I cannot say; but, of course, it provided an extraordinary contrast to the villages in southeastern Karnataka where I had worked in 1977–78.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

10

Rajagopal, P. K. "Temples in Travancore: History, Polity and Governance". Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i4.2315.

Texto completo

Resumen

Temples in Kerala have been all the time, amazing factors in the society for their uniqueness in tradition, customs, rituals, festivals, art, architecture, mural paintings, etc. It is believed that most of the ancient Hindu temples in Kerala have been consecrated by Parasurama, the sixth incarnation of Lord Vishnu. According to legend, after the departure of Parasurama, the Brahmins became the virtual rulers of the land. They divided the land into several Desams, and in each, they erected a temple, consecrated it and placed an image in them, and performed the prescribed rituals. The ownership of Hindu temples became the bone of contention for the temples that were associated with power in the locality. In the course of the conflict for the ownership of temples, the management of several of them became disorderly, and the state had, in consequence, to assume their control through the exercise of its paramount melkoima right. This paper is a historical analysis of the role of temples in society and the evolution of temple administration in the erstwhile Travancore state.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

11

Momen Sarker, Md Abdul y Md Mominur Rahman. "Intermingling of History and Politics in The God of Small Things". Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.4p.138.

Texto completo

Resumen

Suzanna Arundhati Roy is a post-modern sub-continental writer famous for her first novel The God of Small Things. This novel tells us the story of Ammu who is the mother of Rahel and Estha. Through the story of Ammu, the novel depicts the socio-political condition of Kerala from the late 1960s and early 1990s. The novel is about Indian culture and Hinduism is the main religion of India. One of the protagonists of this novel, Velutha, is from a low-caste community representing the dalit caste. Apart from those, between the late 1960s and early 1990s, a lot of movements took place in the history of Kerala. The Naxalites Movement is imperative amid them. Kerala is the place where communism was established for the first time in the history of the world through democratic election. Some vital issues of feminism have been brought into focus through the portrayal of the character, Ammu. In a word, this paper tends to show how Arundhati Roy has successfully manifested the multifarious as well as simultaneous influences of politics in the context of history and how those affected the lives of the marginalized. Overall, it would minutely show how historical incidents and political ups and downs go hand in hand during the political upheavals of a state.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

12

Nameer, P. O., M.S. Syamili, A.F. Katakath, U.S. Amal, M.S. Abhin, A. Devarajan, S. Sajitha, T. Arun y J. Jobin. "Database of amphibian vouchers and records available at the Kerala Agricultural University Natural History Museum in Thrissur and an updated checklist of amphibians of Kerala, India". Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, n.º 10 (17 de septiembre de 2021): 19391–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6671.13.10.19391-19430.

Texto completo

Resumen

The amphibian database of the Centre for Wildlife Studies of Kerala Agricultural University has the data that are either available as voucher specimens with the Kerala Agricultural University Natural History Museum (KAUNHM) or as photo vouchers and other opportunistic records from Kerala part of the southern Western Ghats between 2008 and 2020. This repository holds information on 91 species of amphibians belonging to 10 families, of which 87% are endemic to the Western Ghats and 34% are classified under the IUCN Red List threatened categories. This study highlights the significance of such digital databases that can serve as an immense source of regional biodiversity data, and therefore, biodiversity monitoring and conservation.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

13

Rajagopal, C. T. y M. S. Rangachari. "On medieval Kerala mathematics". Archive for History of Exact Sciences 35, n.º 2 (1986): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00357622.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

14

Keshavamurthy, Kiran. "Book review: Udaya Kumar, Writing the First Person: Literature, History, and Autobiography in Modern Kerala". Indian Economic & Social History Review 55, n.º 4 (octubre de 2018): 584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019464618797206.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

15

Paul, Vinil Baby. "Dalit Conversion Memories in Colonial Kerala and Decolonisation of knowledge". South Asia Research 41, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2021): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02627280211000166.

Texto completo

Resumen

This article seeks to decolonise knowledge of the conventional history of Dalits’ Christian conversion and its implications in colonial Kerala. As the missionary archive is the only source of Dalit Christian history writing in Kerala, in this historiography social historians have been unable to include the memories of Protestant missionary work at the local level by the local people themselves. Their experiences and rich accounts are marked by dramatic actions to gain socio-economic freedom and to establish a safe environment with the scope for future development. This article identifies how Dalit Christians themselves, in a specific locality, remember their conversion history, suggesting thereby the scope for a valuable addition to the archive.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

16

Ilias, M. H. "Jinnah-type Neta: Yearning for Elite and Cosmopolitan Political Leadership among the Muslims in Kerala". Journal of Contemporary Politics 1, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2022): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/jcp.v1i2.11.

Texto completo

Resumen

This work presents debates on leadership in Muslim community in Kerala analysing the experience of Indian National Muslim League in the state. There are four varieties of leadership, namely, Jinnah-type, ulama, pradesika and pragmatic in Muslim League emerged within the specific political and religious context of Kerala. Of the types of leadership, Jinnah-type and pradesika are in constant conflict right from the beginning and this conflict has shaped contemporary history Muslim League in the state. This work also examines the transformation in nature of League leadership and persistence of Kerala Muslim community’s yearning for an elite cosmopolitan leadership while at the same time always critiquing it. Such an examination explores the construction and stabilization of certain ‘models’ through the discourse set around the Muslim leadership in general and League leadership in particular. Keywords: Political leadership, Cosmopolitan, Kerala, Muslim community

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

17

Yasmin, Fida. "The Role of Akashvani Kozhikode in the Radio Broadcasting History of Kerala with Emphasis on the Contributions of Khan Kavil". Past and Present: Representation, Heritage and Spirituality in Modern India 4, Special Issue (25 de diciembre de 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crjssh.4.special-issue.03.

Texto completo

Resumen

The study examines the history of radio broadcasting in Kerala from the 1940s to the 21st century, focusing on the contributions of Akashvani Kozhikode. An attempt is made to search the social and cultural history of Akashvani Kozhikode and find out the contemporary relevance of Kozhikode station. The study's primary aim is to delve into the life history of Khan Kavil, who was an anchor, drama writer, actor, drama director, and broadcasting artist. Khan Kavil, born in a small village named Kavumthara in Kerala, was a voice artist who worked in Akashvani Kozhikode from 1978 to 1997 and carved a niche with his dynamic voice in the realm of radio broadcasting in Kerala. The study is trying to identify his contributions to the Akashvani Kozhikode and society. His life and contributions are recollected through popular memories, and an attempt is made to write a local and oral history based on this data gathered through the conversations with the eminent personalities of Khan Kavil's time who admired him and his colleagues. Further, the paper attempts to trace out why radio broadcasting still has a significant impact on ordinary people despite the advent of new forms of media. Magazines, newspapers, brochures, and interviews are used as the primary sources of this study.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

18

Galewicz, Cezary. "Editorship and History Making: On Historicizing Modern Editions of Tiruniḻalmāla". Cracow Indological Studies 23, n.º 1 (30 de septiembre de 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/cis.23.2021.01.01.

Texto completo

Resumen

In the following essay I am going to comment briefly on the intersection between literary and performative genres that originated in early modern Kerala and to some extent continue till date. More specifically, on their relationship with the rich tradition of representing the past through producing works that follow recognizable patterns of composition and conventions of presentation. This more general consideration shall appear here as a backdrop to a study on contemporary editions of an early Malayalam work named Tiruniḻalmāla. The editions follow the relatively recent discovery of the work in question and its subsequent reinstatement in the history of Malayalam literature. I shall argue that the specific ways this reinstatement was presented by the editors, including a particular place they claimed for this work within the formation processes of Malayalam literature, constitute competing acts of general history writing concerned with the ongoing debate on how should the cultural identity and regional history of Kerala be best represented.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

19

George, M. V. "The Fertility Decline in India’s Kerala State: A Unique Example of Below Replacement Fertility in a High Fertility Country". Canadian Studies in Population 37, n.º 3-4 (31 de diciembre de 2010): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6x89j.

Texto completo

Resumen

This paper attempts to fill a gap in an updated study of the rapid fertility decline in Kerala, which has evoked world wide interest, using historical and recent data from direct and indirect sources. The three determinants of fertility decline – changes in age at marriage; the use of effective family planning methods as a result of the state’s aggressive family planning program; and the unique Kerala characteristics - have contributed to the fall in fertility. Additional insights are provided by comparing this with similar fertility decline in six countries of the region.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

20

Varghese, Rachel A. "Book review: Rajan Gurukkal and Varier Raghava, History of Kerala: Prehistoric to the Present". Social Change 49, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2019): 561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085719863898.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

21

Sankaran, Ravi, Hariharan Sankaranarayana y MuraleedharaP B. Menon. "A narrative history of physical medicine and rehabilitation in Kerala". Indian Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 33, n.º 2 (2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpmr.ijpmr_25_23.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

22

Dr. Asha Krishnan. "When the Festival Drums Beat: Demystifying Festival Cuisine in Kerala". Creative Launcher 5, n.º 6 (28 de febrero de 2021): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2021.5.6.22.

Texto completo

Resumen

Food and culture are inextricably bound together. The food we eat carries the trait of our culture. Though unnoticed, the food that we eat every day and the special cuisine that we prepare for festivals, all reveal we are a part of the invisible cultural link. The cuisine of a region mirrors its history, tradition, culture and lifestyle. Kerala is often described as a “museum of races and cultures”. In Kerala Hinduism, Christianity and Islam are the main religions followed by a majority of people. A cursory look at the festival cuisine of these communities reveals a drastic difference in culture. While the Hindus stick on to vegetarian sadya on festival days, Christians and Muslims celebrate with non-vegetarian food. In an analogous geographic milieu, the gastronomic alterations of different communities provide an insight that food habits and culture are things that are kept intact to be handed down to generations. This paper tries to analyse the trajectories of history and culture that has moulded the food habits of the main communities in Kerala.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

23

Ponniah, James. "Adoption of Caste by Christian and Jewish Communities in India". International Journal of Asian Christianity 6, n.º 2 (25 de agosto de 2023): 208–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-06020005.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract This essay investigates how caste, the most problematic cultural category of India, renders Indian versions of two Abrahamic religions, Judaism and Christianity, a site of ambivalence and conflict. It explores how caste has played out differently in the lives of two Abrahamic religious communities, i.e., the Christians and the Jews at two different locales, Kerala and Andhra. In Kerala, both Syrian Christians and Cochin Jews adopted caste as the given social order of the host country. They practised it to their advantage as it not only made it possible for them to get integrated into the existing Hindu cultural universe of the host nation but also conferred upon them a respectable social status, resulting in the acquisition of social/cultural capital. However, in Andhra, Christian and Jewish Madigas embraced their respective religions to eschew caste and gain self-respect. In Kerala, while caste became an effective route for a harmonious integration into the cultural matrix of the host territory, it not only disrupted intra-communal amity both among the Cochin Jews and the Kerala Christians but also became a source of defiance and alienation from the core teachings of each of these religions, resulting in the loss of ‘spiritual capital’. On the contrary, the rejection of caste on the part of the Madiga Jews and Madiga Christians, perhaps, brought them closer to the central message of fraternity and equality found both in Judaism and in Christianity, whereby they fared better in ‘spiritual and religious capitals’ than their counterparts in Kerala.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

24

U, Vinothini. "History and Worship of the Ettimarath Thottaththu Karuppasamy". International Research Journal of Tamil 4, n.º 2 (26 de abril de 2022): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22213.

Texto completo

Resumen

Karuppusamy is a deity worshiped in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Karuppusamy is worshiped as a tribal deity and a guardian deity. In the agrarian community, when people lived as ethnic groups, they formed a unique identity for themselves professionally as well as religiously. Some of these cults are meant to exemplify their cultural practices. Karuppasamy worship is flexible enough to adapt to the place and the circumstances of the people.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

25

Chaudhuri, Tapoja. "Revisiting the ‘Kerala Model’". Journal of South Asian Development 12, n.º 2 (25 de julio de 2017): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973174117714941.

Texto completo

Resumen

For several decades after Independence, the ‘Kerala model’ provided a development alternative that set it apart from the rest of India. The recent rise of Kerala as a fast growing ‘responsible’ tourism destination has led to a resurgence of this narrative of exceptionalism. This article charts the shift from the ‘old’ Kerala development model, and its emphasis on distributive justice, to the ‘new’ Kerala model that nurtures public–private partnerships, in understanding how Kerala’s reputation as a unique region in India is maintained amid significant socioeconomic and political changes. Specifically, the article draws on ethnographic data from the Kumily/Periyar Tiger Reserve region in analyzing how unique locale-specific networks of biodiversity conservation ideologies, international capital and notions of environmental citizenship contribute to overall placemaking in Kerala. These regional identities are formed through the confluence of several ideologies, influences and personnel, thereby contributing to unique ‘actor-networks’ that emerge at specific locales.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

26

Veluthat, Kesavan. "Book Reviews : RAJAN GURUKKAL, The Kerala Temple and the Early Medieval Agrarian System, Vallathol Vidyapeetham, Sukapuram (Kerala), pp. iii + 121, Rs. 50". Studies in History 12, n.º 1 (febrero de 1996): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/025764309601200107.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

27

Muhsin, Sayyed Mohamed. "Three Fatwas on Marriage in South India (Tiga Fatwa Perkahwinan di India Selatan)". Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077) 18, n.º 1 (30 de junio de 2021): 251–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v18i1.1045.

Texto completo

Resumen

With a history dating back to the era of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), Muslims in Kerala, the second largest community in the state, mark their centuries-evolved social and religious imprints in the south-western tip of India. Among the organisational platforms, Samasta (founded on 1926) led by traditional Sunnī Shāfiʿī scholars claims the largest number of followers and is deemed as a religious authority by the masses for setting their beliefs up and finding fatwas for their religious queries. In light of the manuscripts of fatwas, publications and interviews, this study scrutinises the genesis, craft, methods and legal bases behind fatwas of Samasta. Besides, it conducts a case study of three fatwas on marriage to cross-check the peculiarities specified in the craft of fatwa and analyse the matters surrounding the issuance of a fatwa in Kerala. This study concludes that the influence of ‘past’ is evident in the ‘present’ legal interpretation of Samasta scholars. Keywords: Samasta, fatwa, marriage, Shāfʿī, SFC, Legal basis, iftā’, Kerala. Abstrak Berteraskan sejarah Zaman Nabi Muhammad (ﷺ), masyarakat Islam di Kerala yang merupakan koumuniti kedua terbesar di negeri ini mencorakkan evolusi sosial dan amalan agama di bahagian Tenggara India. Antara organisasi yang ada di Kerala, Samasta [yang diasaskan 1926] yang dipimpin oleh ilmuwan mazhab Shafiee Sunni mempunyai pengikut yang paling ramai. Mereka juga dianggap mempunyai kuasa dalam menentukan fatwa dalam hal ehwal agama. Ini jelas terlihat dari keterangan penulisan, pendokumentasi fatwa, penerbitan dan temubual yang telah dijalankan. Kajian ini menghalusi sumber rujukan, kaedah dan metodologi, penulisan fatwa serta rujukan perundangan fatwa yang dihasilkan oleh Samasta dan juga merupakan intipati kajian ini. Kajian kes terhadap tiga fatwa perkahwinan ini adalah untuk melihat persamaan, perbezaan dan keunikan dalam fatwa perkahwinan di Kerala dan menganalisa isu berkaitan fatwa di Kerala. Kajian ini juga menujukkan pengaruh “lampau” adalah satu bukti jelas dalam menterjemahkan perundangan “semasa” oleh ilmuwan Samasta. Kata Kunci: Samasta, fatwa, perkahwinan, Shafie, SFC, asas perundangan, Kerala.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

28

Simister, John. "Assessing the ‘Kerala Model’". Journal of South Asian Development 6, n.º 1 (abril de 2011): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097317411100600101.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

29

Desai, Manali. "Indirect British Rule, State Formation, and Welfarism in Kerala, India, 1860–1957". Social Science History 29, n.º 3 (2005): 457–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013018.

Texto completo

Resumen

This article examines the relationship between a strong nineteenth-century welfarist expansion between the 1860s and early 1940s, in Kerala, India, under indirect British rule, and the “exceptional” antipoverty regime that democratically elected Communists implemented during the postcolonial (post 1947) era in the state. While much attention has focused on Kerala as a model of social development and on postindependence state policies in creating it, no single work has attempted to understand the significance of its prior legacy of welfare. This article uses methods of comparative historical sociology to trace the historical making of Kerala's “exceptionalism.” It argues that the early welfare policies in Kerala were implemented in a dependent colonial context and aimed at warding off annexation by the British, but their unintended consequences were to stimulate what they were precisely designed to avoid—radical caste and class movements. The analysis suggests that the form and content of welfare policies are shaped by the exigencies of state formation, as state autonomy theorists would argue; however, it shows that political struggles are the decisive determining factors of the former.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

30

Franke, Richard W. y Barbara H. Chasin. "Kerala State, India: Radical Reform as Development". International Journal of Health Services 22, n.º 1 (enero de 1992): 139–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hmxd-pnqf-2x2l-c8tr.

Texto completo

Resumen

Kerala State in southwestern India has achieved some of the third world's best rates of life expectancy, literacy, and infant mortality, despite one of the lowest per capita incomes. Especially notable is the nearly equal distribution of development benefits to urban, rural, male, female, high-caste, and low-caste sections of the populations. An even population distribution, a cosmopolitan trading history, and the development of militant worker and small farmer organizations led by dedicated activists provide the main explanations for Kerala's achievements. Land reform has redistributed wealth and political power from a rich elite to small holders and landless laborers. Public food distribution at controlled prices, large-scale public health actions, accessible medical facilities, and widespread literacy combine with and reinforce each other to maintain and expand Kerala's achievements. Serious unemployment threatens the Kerala experiment, but Kerala nonetheless offers important lessons to development planners, policymakers, and third world activists.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

31

Viswanathan, Kaladharan. "Kerala Kalamandalam: A legacy revisited". Indian Theatre Journal 7, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2023): 17–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/itj_00032_1.

Texto completo

Resumen

The performance landscape of Kerala is diverse, and its history hails the glory of Kutiyattam, the sole surviving Sanskrit theatre tradition in India; Kathakali, the classical dance-drama; and Mohiniyattam, an exclusive female dance form. This is in addition to a huge variety of ritual and folk performance forms all over the region. While the first onstage recital of Kutiyattam performance and the subsequent development of its aesthetics and criticism date back to tenth and eleventh century AD, the entire Kathakali repertory originated and developed in the seventeenth century. On the other hand, Mohiniyattam seems to have originated even later. As a residential training centre for traditional performing arts in Kerala, Kalamandalam facilitated intense and uninterrupted communications amongst the top-ranking artists of various art forms. The Second World War had its devastating effects on the cultural institutions in India in general, and Kalamandalam in particular. Then, the Department of Education, Government of India, took over the administration of Kalamandalam. In 1976, Kalamandalam became a grant-in-aid institution under the Charities Registration Act and started functioning under a General Council and Executive Board constituted by the Government of Kerala. In 2006, Kalamandalam was deemed to be a university, functioning under the Cultural Affairs Department, Government of Kerala. The main objective of the institutional transformation was to combine practical training in different performing arts at the academic level. Several groups of students are now coming out of Kalamandalam every year after successfully completing their graduate and postgraduate programmes. Advanced training programmes are held at the Nila Campus in Cheruthuruthy, while the undergraduate courses are offered at the sprawling Vallathol Nagar Campus.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

32

George, Benley, ShibuThomas Sebastian, RinoRoopak Soman y MinimolK Johny. "Knowledge on history of dentistry among dental graduates in Kerala, India". International Journal of Community Dentistry 7, n.º 1 (2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijcd.ijcd_1_19.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

33

SS, KARTHIK KUMAR. "Analysing the Contributions of Early Travellers in the History of Kerala". GIS Business 14, n.º 3 (27 de junio de 2019): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v14i3.4075.

Texto completo

Resumen

“Man’s curiosity for things and enquiry for food and shelter from one place to another gave birth to travel and travel led to tourism.”[i] From time immemorial man’s thirst for journeying is unquenchable, which has resulted in the spread of Human civilisation to all parts of the globe. Travels in the more advanced stages of our civilisation was done with an intent on Exploration, Diplomacy, Commerce, Knowledge etc. With Trade and Commerce being the main motivation behind travel rather than for pleasure in the early ages, the travellers were mostly consisting of Merchants, Pilgrims or Scholars. Conscious travels were undertaken to explore and see the world as it had progressed. And a new phenomenon of travelling in pursuit of leisure came to being and in course of time the concept of tourism got new meaning and acquired importance, as travelling exclusively for pleasure constitutes the main theme of tourism in these days. 106-113 Reimagining the Growth and Development of Tourism in Travancore with Special Emphasis on Kanya kumari SAFEED R Abstract One of the wealthiest and most developed state in the British India was Travancore, which was situated on the south of the Indian Subcontinent. The princely state was blessed with nature and the geographical features are entirely distinct from other places in India. The modern industry like tourism got spatial attention from the government from the beginning of the twentieth century and it accepted several plans for attracting visitors to its tourist spots. A few tourist destinations, which were in pathetic condition were elevated to high standard and world class facilities were arranged to meet the demands of the travelers. Kanyakumari, the land of rising sun was situated on the south of Travancore got special consideration and government made necessary arrangements for the growth and development of Kanyakumari as a tourist destination. 114-

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

34

Salgado, Nirmala S. y Susan Visvanathan. "The Christians of Kerala: History, Belief and Ritual among the Yakoba". Sociology of Religion 55, n.º 4 (1994): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711995.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

35

Veluthat, Kesavan. "History and historiography in constituting a region: The case of Kerala". Studies in People's History 5, n.º 1 (11 de mayo de 2018): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448918759852.

Texto completo

Resumen

The formation of regions is as complex a process as the formation of countries or nations. Geography has much to do with it in some cases, languages in others. But political events, commercial networks and tribal or caste dominance can also play their part. History, actual or imagined, may be invoked to create regional consciousness. This article examines how owing to complex factors Kerala came to be identified as a definite region by the sixteenth century, so identified not only by its mainstream tradition but also by people external to it.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

36

Pedersen, Ralph K. "A Clench-Fastened Boat in Kerala, India". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 39, n.º 1 (marzo de 2010): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2009.00232.x.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

37

Gopinath, Swapna. "Negotiating spaces and voicing resistance: Nireeksha and women’s theatre in India". Indian Theatre Journal 2, n.º 1-2 (1 de diciembre de 2018): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/itj.2.1-2.19_1.

Texto completo

Resumen

Indian theatre has a long and rich tradition of adapting theory and practice from a variety of representational modes from western theatre that subsequently played key roles in major political and cultural upheavals and provided fodder for social changes and progress in Indian social and cultural life. Feminist theatre practice in India clearly demonstrates this cross-cultural interaction, and Nireeksha from the southern state of Kerala is one among them. As a women’s theatre, Nireeksha has a unique history of survival not only through its theatre productions but also through its committed social work in bringing women and children together as part of its community projects. This article focuses on Nireeksha’s incessant struggle to build resistance and find a creative space within the main stream theatre and patriarchal society of Kerala. I do a close analysis of Nireeksha’s performances and its methodology of practice to understand and explain how aesthetics and ideology inform the practice and processes of the leading women’s theatre groups in Kerala.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

38

Mubashir, Musthafa y M. Shuaib Mohamed Haneef. "Dress and Gulf imagery in two Malayalam films: Pathemari and Marubhoomiyile Aana". Film, Fashion & Consumption 9, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2020): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ffc_00018_1.

Texto completo

Resumen

Malayalam films since the 1970s have captured the history of Gulf migration from Kerala, which occurs primarily due to the desperate need of its people for jobs and for money. Predominantly, the discourses of migrants in the films are embedded in various things, including dress from the Gulf, the insignia of opulence that depict the status of the migrants in the public sphere. Using thematic analysis of two Malayalam films, Pathemari and Marubhoomiyile Aana, this study argues that the motif of the Gulf is associated with power and control in the cultural discourse of Kerala. Drawing on the semiotic analysis of Barthes, we contend that the replacement of mundu, a traditional attire of Kerala men, by trousers, is one among several mythical markers of modernity, including perfumes and watches brought from the Gulf. The performativity and materiality of dress in these two films produce imageries of the Gulf by which the wearers, mostly male, accumulate social and symbolic capital and assert dominance in the film’s narration.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

39

Ganesh, K. N. "Historical Geography ofNatuin South India with Special Reference to Kerala". Indian Historical Review 36, n.º 1 (junio de 2009): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/037698360903600102.

Texto completo

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

40

Rajan, S. I. y K. S. James. "The Interdependence of Vital Events: Twentieth-Century Indian Kerala". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 31, n.º 1 (julio de 2000): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219500551479.

Texto completo

Resumen

The parish records of Syrian Catholics and Latin Catholics in twentieth-century Kerala, India, can be used to assess the seasonal fluctuations and interdependence of such vital events as births, deaths, and marriages in the short run. That the effect of seasonality has been more pronounced among the Syrian Catholic community than among the Latin Catholic community is due largely to socioeconomic, cultural, religious, and, more important, occupational differences.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

41

Thomas, Dr Laisa. "Gender Role and Family Pattern in Kerala". International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM) 5, n.º 7 (26 de julio de 2017): 6548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v5i7.95.

Texto completo

Resumen

The most important determinants of family size are family structure and fertility. A wide change in the perception towards family has occurred in the minds of people of Kerala. Through demographic transition and the influence of Western culture, the traditional values have been greatly modified. The credit of positive trend observed in Kerala is due to the uniqueness of its culture evolved through the ages. One of the striking and most impressive changes that have taken place in the state during the last three decades is the decline in fertility. In the present context, a study was carried out among the women to analyse the factors that determine family size and the role of gender difference in it. From the study it is seen that the major family planning decisions were taken by the age of ‘35’. It is seen that in old-age, parents give more importance to physical security than financial security.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

42

Binumol Tom. "The Physicality and Spirituality of the Hindu Temples of Kerala". Creative Space 1, n.º 2 (6 de enero de 2014): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/cs.2014.12004.

Texto completo

Resumen

Every culture can stir a type of architecture that can range from landmarks to everyday homes. History has proved that the various architectural styles have developed in response to climate, lifestyle, geology and geography of a place, religious philosophy of the people and availability of building materials. Religion and lifestyle seem to be the most common influences overall. Culture, in fact, underlines the important role that economics, politics, religion, heritage and the natural environment play in shaping the built environment. Kerala (the southern-most state of India), the land of temples appears unique in this context as the temples here were the pivot of religious, social, economic and cultural life of every Keralite. The typical Hindu temples of Kerala stand out from among the Indian temple typology in its form, structural clarity, stylistic tradition, symbolism and above all, in its construction and craftsmanship in wood. They show a distinctive style which is a local adaptation of the Dravida or the South Indian tradition of temple construction, considerably influenced by the various geographical, religious, cultural and political factors. Most of the temples of Kerala are traditionally neighborhood institutions of worship, rich in both tangible and intangible cultural values. The spatiality of Kerala temples follows the general Indian philosophical concepts of the centre, axis and the human relatedness to cosmic reality, while its implementation in the built form follows the Vedic religious practices. This paper attempts to explore the evolution of the generic built form of temples of Kerala and the philosophical and spatial concepts of their architecture.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

43

McCafferty, P. "Bloody rain again! Red rain and meteors in history and myth". International Journal of Astrobiology 7, n.º 1 (enero de 2008): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550407003904.

Texto completo

Resumen

AbstractIn July 2001, red rain fell over Kerala in India shortly after reports of a meteor. When analysed, this red rain appeared to contain red cells, apparently demonstrating that such cells must exist in space and that the theory of panspermia is correct. However, doubts have been expressed about whether reports of a meteor were merely a coincidence. This paper examines historical and mythical accounts of red rain, to establish if these, too, show a connection with meteors.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

44

Abitha, J., K. Rajmohana, C. Bijoy, P. G. Aswathi y P. Girish Kumar. "First record of cuckoo wasp Trichrysis imperiosa (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from the nest of Sceliphron coromandelicum (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in India". ENTOMON 47, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2022): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33307/entomon.v47i4.798.

Texto completo

Resumen

The present study could document, Sceliphron coromandelicum (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) as the host of the cuckoo wasp, Trichrysis imperiosa (Smith) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) from Kerala, India. This is the first host record of T. imperiosa. Interesting observations and notes on their natural history are also reported.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

45

Vijayan, K. Sajith y Karin Bindu. "Kerala´s Ancient Mizhavu Drum: Transformations and Sustainability". ASIAN-EUROPEAN MUSIC RESEARCH JOURNAL 8 (9 de diciembre de 2021): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30819/aemr.8-4.

Texto completo

Resumen

The Kerala state in India offers a huge assemblage of various percussion eccentricities. Each percussion instrument sustains and preserves its own attributes: some drums accompany visual arts, others create a vibrant world of percussion music, and a few maintain both attributes. Almost all instruments are related to ceremonial pursuance and worship customs. Mizhavu is a single-headed drum from Kerala that employs these kinds of ceremonial pursuance. The purpose of the instrument, which had also been used in temples in Tamil Nadu, is to accompany the Kūṭiyāṭṭam and Kuttu performances in the great temples (mahakshetras) for the pleasure of God’s souls and the invocation of their powers. Kūṭiyāṭṭam and Kuttu – Kerala’s Sanskrit drama performing art forms – have been recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage due to 2000 years of tradition. As ‘visual sacrifice’ staging scenes from the Ramayana and Mahabharata, they combine dance with theatre performance, Sanskrit verses (slokas), and percussive music in a ritualistic context. The main supporting percussion instrument (mizhavu) serves as deva vādyam – an instrument for the deities. Its classification as a one-headed drum covered with skin (avanaddha vadya of the dardura type) goes back to the Natya Shastra of Bharatamuni – some 2000 years ago. Definitions as kettledrum (bhanda vadya) trace it back to Kautilya’s Arthasastra. The Buddhist Pali Tripitaka refers to pot drums (kumba toonak). Tamil epics mention a muzha or kuta muzha drum. Publications in recent decades nearly mention that drum. Production methods, forms, and material of the drum have changed over the ages. Attached to the artistic heritage of a certain Brahmin caste – the Nampyar – the drum has spent a long period in the environment of temple theatres. Since 1966, it has been taught to pupils of all castes at the Kerala Kalamandalam, Thrissur District. P.K.K. Nambiar worked as the first mizhavu teacher in the later added Kūṭiyāṭṭam department. He was followed by his pupil K. Eswaranunni, the first mizhavu guru from another caste, fighting for acceptance among members of Chakyar and Nampyar families. As a passionate master with numerous awards and performance experience all over the world, K. Eswaranunni has trained most of the contemporary mizhavu percussionists, who are still performing all over India as well as abroad. This paper gives an overview of the instrument and shows how the mizhavu is described by both gurus in their books written in Malayalam and by both authors including their personal relations to the drum.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

46

Paul, Vinil Baby. "‘Onesimus to Philemon’: Runaway Slaves and Religious Conversion in Colonial ‘Kerala’, India, 1816–1855". International Journal of Asian Christianity 4, n.º 1 (9 de marzo de 2021): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25424246-04010004.

Texto completo

Resumen

Abstract Several theories emerged, based on the Christian conversion of lower caste communities in colonial India. The social and economic aspects predominate the study of religious conversion among the lower castes in Kerala. Most of these studies only explored the lower caste conversion after the legal abolition of slavery in Kerala (1855). The existing literature followed the mass movement phenomena. These studies ignore the slave lifeworld and conversion history before the abolition period, and they argued, through religious conversion, the former slave castes began breaking social and caste hierarchy with the help of Protestant Christianity. The dominant Dalit Christian historiography does not open the complexity of slave Christian past. Against this background, this paper explores the history of slave caste conversion before the abolition period. From the colonial period, the missionary writings bear out that the slaves were hostile to and suspicious of new religions. They accepted Christianity only cautiously. It was a conscious choice, even as many Dalits refused Christian teachings.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

47

D, Ahila Rubi y Sugirtha Basmath R.S. "Depictions of Life as portrayed in the novel Pallikondapuram". International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-5 (25 de agosto de 2022): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s534.

Texto completo

Resumen

The classical language, Tamil, has infinite creative elements. In the literary works from the Sangam age to the present day, it is known that the soil and man are the objects of the subject. Literature, which is life's fiction, serves as a repository for describing people's lives. Thus, novel literature has the ability to record all aspects of life. The novel Pallikondapuram has captured the life stories of the people of Kerala very well. The fact that the cultural and cultural events that are integral to the lives of people are marked as traces of life gives a sense of history. The novel Pallikondapuram has captured the life stories of the people of Kerala very well. The fact that the cultural events that are integral to the lives of people are marked as traces of life gives a sense of history. Thus, this article describes the life stories mentioned in the novel Pallikondapuram.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

48

Kalarivayil, Rajesh. "Dubai Letter Songs: Emotions and Migration in Kerala, India (1970s–1990s)". Contributions to Indian Sociology 57, n.º 1-2 (febrero de 2023): 98–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00699659231206688.

Texto completo

Resumen

In the wake of the oil boom of the 1970s, there was a large flow of migrant labour to countries in West Asia, particularly around the Persian Gulf. ‘Gulf migration’ from the 1970s to the 1990s has had a huge impact on social, economic, cultural and political life, particularly in Kerala, a state in southern India. This article investigates the shaping of emotions over migration and how the representation of migrant subjectivities is anchored in the region’s social and cultural history. By analysing the popular Malayalam musical composition Dubai Kathupattu (Dubai Letter Songs, or the Songs) and the composer’s writings and media interviews, this article locates the Songs in Kerala’s sociocultural history and its resonance in the author’s social self. Malayali aesthetics, values and norms are dictated by the hegemonic Nair caste knowledge and practices. I argue that the Songs mirror the anxieties of Malayali society over migration and expose the emotionalisation process at work in Kerala in the late 20th century.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

49

Kumar, Vinay, Prabodha Kumar Pradhan, Tushar Sinha, S. Vijaya Bhaskara Rao y Hao-Po Chang. "Interaction of a Low-Pressure System, an Offshore Trough, and Mid-Tropospheric Dry Air Intrusion: The Kerala Flood of August 2018". Atmosphere 11, n.º 7 (13 de julio de 2020): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070740.

Texto completo

Resumen

The present study examines the Kerala Flood Event (KFE, 15–16 August 2018, in India) that occurred along the west coast of India and resulted in ~400 mm of rainfall in one day. The KFE was unique in comparison to previous floods in India, not only due to the rainfall duration and amount, but also due to the fact that the dams failed to mitigate the flood, which made it the worst in history. The main goal of this study is to analyze and elucidate the KFE based on meteorological and hydrological parameters. A propagating low-pressure system (LPS) from the Bay of Bengal (BoB) caused the streak of plenty of rainfall over Kerala, the west coast, central India, and the BoB. Additionally, the upper-tropospheric anti-cyclonic system over the Middle East region inhibited a northward advancement of LPS. On the western coast of India, a non-propagating (with diurnal fluctuations) offshore trough was observed over the west coast (from Kerala to Gujarat state). Therefore, a synergic interaction between LPS, an intrusion of dry air in the middle-troposphere, and the offshore trough was the main reason for KFE. However, after around ten days, rainfall saturated the dam capacities; thus, the released water, along with the amount of precipitation on the day of the event, was one of the other possible reasons which worsened the flood over Kerala.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

50

Vives, E. y H. V. Ghate. "On two rare cerambycid beetles (Coleoptera) from India". TAPROBANICA 7, n.º 1 (19 de enero de 2015): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47605/tapro.v7i1.154.

Texto completo

Resumen

Two unique cerambycid beetle species, which were collected from Kerala in 1997, were recently identified as Anoeme andrewesi Gahan, 1906 (Prioninae, Meroscelisini) and Zoodes maculatus (White, 1855), (Cerambycinae, Hesperophanini). Of the two species, Z. maculatus was previously only known from Sri Lanka; therefore, this is a new locality record and addition to the Indian faunal list of Cerambycidae. Types of both species are preserved in the Natural History Museum, London, UK (BMNH). Brief descriptions and color photographs of these two species are presented here. Both specimens were collected approximately 6 km North of Munnar, Kerala, India, on 14 April 1997, by a local collector. These are now preserved in E. Vives’s private collection, Barcelona, Spain.

Los estilos APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, etc.

Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Kerala History"

Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros