Literatura académica sobre el tema "John Murra"

La tesis tiene como objetivo demostrar, desde las perspectivas de la historia y la teoría económica, que la propuesta de explicación de la organización económica de las sociedades andinas prehispánicas desarrollada por John Murra sólo tiene un alcance particular y no constituye una explicación general. Su propuesta articulada en varios ensayos publicados en 1975 y basada en lo que llamó el «control vertical de un máximo de pisos ecológicos», (modificado posteriormente al concepto más amplio de «complementariedad ecológica»), logro una aceptación general que denominamos «el modelo económico de Murra», cuyo análisis crítico será el tema de esta tesis. La tesis se desarrolla en cuatro capítulos. El primero comprende un análisis historiográfico de la obra de Murra para rescatar las raíces epistemológicas de su enfoque y las preocupaciones centrales de sus investigaciones. En el siguiente capítulo se examina las influencias determinantes que provienen del marco teórico usado por Murra. Luego, en el tercer capítulo, se hace una presentación de su modelo. Finalmente, se realiza el examen crítico de la validez y los alcances del modelo. Al analizar el modelo de Murra, que también es llamado el «ideal andino» o modo de producción que explica la organización de la economía de las sociedades andinas prehispánicas, se consideró cuatro aspectos principales. En primer lugar, la búsqueda de un posible modo de producción andino y las influencias que se derivan del enfoque teórico de Karl Polanyi así como de la antropología social. En segundo lugar, la contrastación del modelo con la diversidad ambiental y geográfica del territorio andino, en particular con la dotación de recursos económicos, sobre todo las tierras de cultivo. Luego se aborda los aspectos esenciales de la teoría económica que son pertinentes al análisis de la realidad prehispánica y que se encuentran ausentes en el modelo de Murra. Finalmente, se examina el sentido histórico que tiene el modelo, es decir, su aporte a la construcción de una posible historia andina.<br>Tesis

This thesis comprises a biographical sketch of the 1st Duke of Atholl, Lord John Murray, the Scottish magnate and nobleman, 1660 – 1724. A background of his family tree is provided with instances of how his Murray ancestors raised their family into the peerage. Lord Murray would become the 1st Duke of Atholl less than one hundred years later. Discussion then turns to the religious situation during Lord Murray's life. He was raised Episcopalian but converted to Presbyterianism in order to wed Lady Katherine Hamilton, the eldest daughter of the 3rd Duke of Hamilton and his wife, Anne, Duchess of Hamilton in 1683. This marriage had a profound impact on the Murray family and his role in the ensuing years of civil battles and continental wars. Estate matters are set in place against the historical background of the era. Lord Murray's acquisition and control of the Atholl Estate from his father in 1689, is examined. His handling of the contentious Glenlyon Estate is prominently reviewed. The oversight of the Athollmen, the large, mainly Highland army loyal to the Atholl banner, who fought for the Crown in the Covenanting Wars of Scotland, and Lord Murray's youthful experiences during his father's leadership and later, his own, are explored. Murray's political fortunes from his early career through to his statesmanship in Westminster are examined. His leadership of the Commission of Inquiry into the Glencoe Massacre and his rise to Secretary of State for Scotland in 1696, resignation and fall, and his resurgence under Queen Anne, as the most vocal magnate opposing the Incorporating Union of 1707, the loss of his wife and heir, the repercussions of the early eighteenth-century Jacobite rebellions, his response to his sons' involvement in the uprisings and his final years finish the work.

This thesis examines the continuing growth of the House of Murray during the 1820s-1840s. Prior to the 1820s, Murray had enjoyed massive success with the publications of the work of Lord Byron, whose celebrity, and the profits generated, contributed significantly to the House’s prestigious reputation. Murray’s move from Fleet Street to Albemarle Street in 1812 also signified the House’s shift from bookselling to publishing, which enabled Murray to attract an increasing number of high-profile names from the worlds of literature, travel and exploration, the sciences, and politics. Murray’s drawing-room at Albemarle Street became renowned throughout the trade for its gentlemanly gatherings, comprising of the luminaries of the day. The four chapters of this thesis explore how Murray (re)established the House identity in different markets during the 1820s-1840s, as the Romantic epoch diffused into an increasingly commercialised era, with new production methods, an expanding marketplace, and increasing competition. Chapter One considers Murray’s use of the drawing room at Albemarle Street to construct a House identity amongst selected members of his inner circle. It also looks at the importance of the Byronic legacy to the House and the means by which Murray sought to protect it. Chapter Two engages with the contrasting side of the House, namely the ‘cheap’ publications, which Murray published in response to the growth of this market in the late-1820s and early-1830s. During this time Murray used some of his well-established assets, such as Byron, Crabbe and the Quarterly Review, to retain the prestige of the House, while attempting to reach new readers within the burgeoning middle class. Chapter Three examines Murray’s correspondence with some of his female authors to consider how the House responded to authors of both genders, and, with reference to ongoing scholarship regarding ‘women’s writing’, questions the veracity of a gender-centric approach when applied to the study of archival materials; the chapter’s findings suggest that both Murray’s male and female authors were treated similarly. The final chapter explores how Murray strove to retain control over the House’s reputation as international trading possibilities developed. The roots of the 'Handbooks' and the 'Colonial and Home Library' are also traced back further than has previously been considered, and read within the context of the ongoing re-branding of Byron discussed in Chapters One and Two. The House’s literary figures, and the Quarterly Review, were used by Murray in the 1840s to promote the values and prestige of the House in America, Europe and the Colonies. This thesis offers much previously unpublished archival material from the John Murray Archive at the National Library of Scotland. It builds upon previous scholarship on John Murray and seeks to contextualise some of these lines of enquiry through providing a sustained study of the House during the 1820s-1840s. It uses quantitative analysis, where possible, to provide further grounding for some of its claims, and situates the findings within the growing body of research in this area. It is the underlying aim of this thesis to foreground the House’s shift from the ‘Romanticism’ of the early-nineteenth century towards the ‘commercialism’ of the mid-nineteenth century, whilst serving as a point of reference for further scholarship on the John Murray Archive during this time period.