Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Japanese american women – social conditions"
Siga este enlace para ver otros tipos de publicaciones sobre el tema: Japanese american women – social conditions.
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores artículos de revistas para su investigación sobre el tema "Japanese american women – social conditions".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore artículos de revistas sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
1
Zanotti, Pierantonio. "Playing the (International) Movie: Intermediality and the Appropriation of Symbolic Capital in Final Fight and the Beat ’em up Genre". Eludamos: Journal for Computer Game Culture 9, n.º 1 (19 de septiembre de 2018): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/23.6165.
Texto completoResumen
Final Fight (Capcom 1989) is a famous example of a video game genre generally known as “beat ’em up” or “brawler,” a type of action game where the player character must fight a large number of enemies in unarmed combat or with melee weapons. The side-scrolling beat ’em up genre reached the peak of its global popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a period sometimes referred to as the genre’s “golden age.” Set in a contemporary, urban setting, Final Fight has a storyline that revolves around three playable heroes who attempt to rescue a young woman from the clutches of a criminal gang. Although likely the most influential and among the best games in this genre, Final Fight did not found the beat ’em up genre by itself: it was produced within the context of a specific, albeit recent, textual tradition and canon. This canon consisted of texts produced within the same medium (i.e. other video games, mostly of Japanese production) but also drew from an intermedial corpus. In its design and narrative tropes, Final Fight inherited and incorporated a number of elements from Hollywood action cinema that had been translated into the newer digital medium of video game. To trace a history of the beat ’em up genre from its origins to Final Fight, I address in this paper questions on three levels. On the intertextual level, what are the textual antecedents of Final Fight? What were the formal and stylistic conditions of possibility for this game within the history of the genre and the medium? What are the game’s intermedial connections, especially with films? To answer these questions, I trace a tentative genealogy, focusing on the narrative and representational elements of the game. Specifically, I examine storylines, characters and settings and their relationship with the structural properties of beat ’em up gameplay. On the “(v)ideological” (Gottschalk 1995) level, what value systems are put into play in a classic beat ’em up game? In what ways are the player’s choices axiologised? What conduct is rewarded or sanctioned? Which actions can the player’s avatar perform, and for which purposes? In what contemporary discursive formations did Final Fight participate as a textual device for the actualisation of ideologically non-neutral fictional conduct? I attempt to map the value system inscribed in this video game genre that, in turn, articulates it as a game (i.e. as a system of stakes, rules, sanctions, and rewards). On the historical level, what were the industrial and commercial conditions entailed in the production of a game such as Final Fight? To the (actual or virtual) satisfaction of what demands, both material and symbolic, was it designed? Answering these questions calls for an analysis of the so-called “context,” which I consider to be a historical and social meta-narrative. In this respect, my research mostly focuses geographically and historically on the Japanese video game market of the 1980s and its transnational connections. Starting with the (mainly cinematic) dissemination of transnational imaginaries of “street violence” and “vigilantism” against the background of large, modern American cities during the 1970s and 1980s, I attempt to show that Final Fight is an instance of the incorporation of these imaginaries into video games. More generally, I argue that, with various degrees of success, the classic beat ’em up games produced in Japan carried out a function of symbolic appropriation and redistribution at a local level as they remediated a cinematic textual canon (which was, for a significant part, of foreign origin) into the video game medium. As video games, these texts shifted the focus of this appropriation from spectatorship to the forms of active agency prescribed in gameplay. The player thus appropriated control not only on a character in a game but also of an entire cinematic canon which, in the Japanese context, appeared rich in symbolic capital and marked by “American-ness.” The movies that inspired the classic beat ’em up came from Hollywood, one of the “Greenwich Meridians” (Casanova 2004) in the global cultural industry during the 1970s and 1980s, likely the last decades of what some scholars have called “the era of high Americanization” (Iwabuchi 2002). Video games were, in other words, the means by which a portion of the Japanese cultural industry could so successfully appropriate the symbolic capital of Hollywood products that these Japanese games transcended the borders of the Japanese national market and became big hits in the “West.”
2
FERGUSON, SUSAN J. "Marriage Timing of Chinese American and Japanese American Women". Journal of Family Issues 16, n.º 3 (mayo de 1995): 314–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251395016003005.
Texto completoResumen
Using U.S. census data, this study examines the differences in marriage rates and timing among White, Chinese American, and Japanese American women. An accelerated time model estimates the duration until marriage for each racial-ethic group while controlling for nativity, education, birth cohort, ancestry, and English proficiency. Results show that White women have the shortest duration until marriage, with a smaller percentage remaining never married. Chinese American and Japanese American women delay first marriage longer and have higher percentages of never married women.
3
Dunn, Kerri F. y Gloria Cowan. "Social Influence Strategies Among Japanese and American College Women". Psychology of Women Quarterly 17, n.º 1 (marzo de 1993): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00675.x.
Texto completoResumen
Social influence strategies of 40 Japanese and 41 American college women were compared. With the use of a free-response format, respondents were asked to describe how they get their way with their mother, father, male teacher/boss, female teacher/boss, male friends, and female friends. Contrary to expectations, content analysis indicated that Japanese women reported using strong and neutral strategies more frequently and weak strategies less frequently than American women. American women used manipulation (especially sexual manipulation) more frequently and reasoning less frequently than Japanese women. Analyses by target of influence indicated that these differences were not found when the target was a female friend but were demonstrated across most of the other targets.
4
Thompson, Catherine A. y Donald W. Klopf. "Social Style among North American, Finnish, Japanese, and Korean University Students". Psychological Reports 77, n.º 1 (agosto de 1995): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.1.60.
Texto completoResumen
Using Richmond and McCroskey's Assertiveness-Responsiveness Measure, scores of Finnish (86 men, 144 women), Japanese (124 men, 116 women), Korean (34 men, 20 women), and North American (144 men, 108 women) university students were compared. The Americans' scores indicated that their group was significantly more assertive than were the participants from the other countries. The Korean men scored as more responsive than the other men, the North American men more assertive, and the American women as more responsive than all other men and women.
5
Morling, Beth, Shinobu Kitayama y Yuri Miyamoto. "American and Japanese Women Use Different Coping Strategies During Normal Pregnancy". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2003): 1533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167203256878.
Texto completo
6
Gage, Lois W. y Yuzuru J. Takeshita. "Coping with Stress in a Cross Cultural Setting". AAOHN Journal 44, n.º 6 (junio de 1996): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999604400605.
Texto completoResumen
The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the psychosocial distress of Japanese auto workers with that of the American employees working in a Japanese managed plant, to describe mediating factors related to their distress, and recommend interventions. Japanese and American workers and spouses responded to five questionnaires and two open ended questions about changes in health, function, and time, and needs, problems, and recommendations for stress reduction. Japanese men had higher General Health Questionnaire scores than American workers. Psychosocial distress was related to work self confidence and individual responsibility for Japanese men, with social support for Japanese women, and with individual responsibility for American men and women. Stress was related to communication problems and misunderstanding about the management practices and cultural norms. Culturally appropriate worksite and community interventions are discussed.
7
Kuroki, Yusuke. "Comparison of Suicide Rates Among Asian Americans in 2000 and 2010". OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 77, n.º 4 (26 de noviembre de 2016): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222816678425.
Texto completoResumen
This brief report used the mortality data to separately examine suicide rates of the six largest Asian American groups: Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese. In 2000, Japanese American men (13.8 per 100,000) showed significantly higher suicide rate than Chinese, Indian, and Vietnamese American men (7.3, 4.0, and 6.1 per 100,000), whereas Chinese, Korean, and Japanese women (3.7, 3.9, and 4.3 per 100,000) showed higher suicide rates than Indian women (1.2 per 100,000). In 2010, Korean and Japanese American men (19.9 and 15.7 per 100,000) showed higher suicide rates than men of other Asian groups. Korean and Japanese American women (8.1 and 5.0 per 100,000) showed higher suicide rates than Indian and Filipino American women (1.5 and 1.8 per 100,000). The findings challenge the notion that Asian Americans are at low risk for suicide and underscore the importance of examining ethnic variation in suicide behaviors among Asian Americans.
8
Fields, Marjory Diana. "Women in American Labour Movement". International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 3, n.º 2 (julio de 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2019070104.
Texto completoResumen
In this article, the author examines the history of exclusion and sex-based discrimination against U.S. women workers seeking to join unions established by men. The author describes how groups of women and girls working in fabric mills in the 19th Century took strike action against work speed up and increased production requirements, making demands for higher wages, equal pay with men, improved working conditions, clean water, health care and time off. Then, in the early 20th century, women teachers formed their own unions to gain increased pay and pension plans, and for social justice. These unions continue to the present seeking also social justice and exercising political power.
9
Sato, Takahiro y Samuel R. Hodge. "Japanese Exchange Students’ Academic and Social Struggles at an American University". Journal of International Students 5, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2015): 208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i3.417.
Texto completoResumen
The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the views of exchange students from Asia about their academic and social experiences at an American university. The participants were eight exchange students from Japan (four men and four women). This study was descriptive-qualitative (Patton, 2002). The data sources were a demographic survey and two semi-structured interviews conducted during the participants’ study abroad sojourn. The interview data were analyzed using the constant comparative method (Merriam, 1998). The emergent themes were (a) social distance contributes to academic struggles, (b) collectivism positioned against individualism, (c) isolation in group discussions, and (d) professors’ negativity. We include recommendations aimed at improving international students’ academic and social experiences at American universities.
10
Xu Lu, Sidney. "Good women for empire: educating overseas female emigrants in imperial Japan, 1900–45". Journal of Global History 8, n.º 3 (2 de octubre de 2013): 436–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000363.
Texto completoResumen
AbstractThis article examines two tutelage campaigns launched by Japanese social reformers targeting Japanese emigrant women in Manchuria and California in the first two decades of the twentieth century. It reveals how these two middle-class-based social campaigns jointly paved the way for the Japanese state's ‘continental bride’ policy in the late 1930s, which mobilized and exported women from across the nation to Manchuria on an unprecedented scale. Synthesizing the stories of Japan's colonialism in Manchuria and Japanese labour migration to the American Pacific coast, this study traces the convergence and flows between the women's education campaigns in Japanese communities on both sides of the Pacific. It moves the debate of Japanese imperialism beyond Asia and situates it in a transnational space encompassing the local, the national, and the global.
11
Houston, John M., Paul B. Harris, Robert Moore, Rebecca Brummett y Hideki Kametani. "Competitiveness among Japanese, Chinese, and American Undergraduate Students". Psychological Reports 97, n.º 1 (agosto de 2005): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.97.1.205-212.
Texto completoResumen
Although research indicates that competitiveness, defined as the desire to win in interpersonal situations, is an important individual difference that influences a range of social interactions, little research has focused on competitiveness in cultures outside the United States. This study investigated competitiveness in three cultures by comparing Chinese ( n = 61), Japanese ( n = 232), and American ( n = 161) undergraduate college students. Nationality and sex were compared on two scales of the revised Competitiveness Index. Analysis indicated that American students scored higher on Enjoyment of Competitiveness than Chinese and Japanese students, but no difference was found on Contentiousness. Men scored higher than women on Enjoyment of Competition but not on Contentiousness. The findings indicate that sex and cultural patterns influence some but not all aspects of competitiveness.
12
Yamagata-Montoya, Aurore. "Japanese Princesses in Chicago: Representations of Japanese Women in the San Francisco Chronicle and Chicago Tribune (1872)". Artists, Aesthetics, and Artworks from, and in conversation with, Japan - Part 2, n.º 9 (20 de diciembre de 2020): 39–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32926/2020.9.yam.princ.
Texto completoResumen
In December 1871, the Iwakura Mission was sent by the Meiji government to the US and Europe. One of the aims of the mission was the observation of foreign practices and technologies. If Japan wanted to suppress the Unequal Treaties and be considered a “first rank nation”, it had to adopt the “civilized” manners and rules of North America and Europe (Nish, 1998). Five Japanese girls, aged six to sixteen accompanied the Mission to be educated in the US for a ten-year period. Their presence didn’t go unnoticed by the American Press, and the articles reporting on their stay provided an opportunity to bring up broader themes on Japanese women and Japan. The five girls were the first women to officially represent Japan in the US. Identified by the American media as “Japanese Princesses”, their reception was confronted with the American image and understanding of Japan. This article analyses the representations of the five girls, and of Japanese women in general, in the San Francisco Chronicle and the Chicago Tribune during the two months that the Iwakura Mission travelled eastward from San Francisco to Washington, via Chicago. I identify and analyse the recurring tropes: the girls’ social position, the craze they created among the Americans, their beauty, the exoticism of their kimono, the education they will receive in America. The newspapers’ representation of the girls are full of inaccuracies and mistakes, myths and exoticism. Nonetheless, the representations are overwhelmingly positive and the girls – as well as the whole of the Mission’s members – are warmly welcomed by the American press.
13
Lillie-Blanton, Marsha, Rose Marie Martinez, Andrea Kidd Taylor y Betty Garman Robinson. "Latina and African American Women: Continuing Disparities in Health". International Journal of Health Services 23, n.º 3 (julio de 1993): 555–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mncj-nb8e-m0wa-1fgm.
Texto completoResumen
Women of all races have faced incredible challenges as they sought to realize the promises of America. For women of color, these challenges were compounded by the second-class citizenship of U.S. racial and ethnic minority population groups. In an effort to assess the quality of life experienced by Latina and African American women, this article provides descriptive information on racial/ethnic differences in women's social conditions, health status, exposure to occupational and environmental risks, and use of health services. When possible, indices are stratified by family income to limit the effects of social class on the comparison of racial differences. The authors provide evidence that Latina and African American women are more likely than nonminority women to encounter social environments (e.g., poverty, densely populated neighborhoods, hazardous work conditions) that place them at risk for ill-health and injury. Although persistent racial disparities in health are often attributed to the lifestyle behaviors of racial minority populations, they are undoubtedly a consequence of poorer social conditions as well as barriers in access to quality health services. To achieve further gains, public policies must reduce social inequalities (i.e., by gender, race, and social class) and assure greater equity in access to resources that facilitate healthier environments and lifestyles. Public health initiatives should be community-based, reflecting a shared partnership that actively engages minority women in decision-making about their lives.
14
Yamamoto, Noriko, Takeshi Sato, Yusaku Omodaka, Hisae Matsuo, Suguru Hasuzawa, Masahide Koda y Niwako Yamawaki. "The Differences in Attitude Toward Mental Health Services Between Japanese and American College Students". Asian Social Science 18, n.º 5 (30 de abril de 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v18n5p23.
Texto completoResumen
To examine the different patterns in utilization of psychological services between Japanese and American college students, a total of 316 American students (122 men and 194 women) and 362 Japanese students (147 men and 215 women) participated in this study. We used the following psychological instruments: Attitude Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help scale, Interpersonal Openness (openness regarding professional psychological help) and Confidence Self-construal scale, Sex Role Inventory, and Recognition of Psychological Help. This study concluded that collectivism is a significant predictor of recognizing the need for mental health services in the U.S., while it is not in Japan. Compared to American and female participants, Japanese and male participants feel greater stigmas toward mental health professionals. Openness to psychological help collectivism was a significant predictor for openness among the American sample, while it was not in the Japanese sample. Collectivism was a significant predictor for openness among the American sample, while it was not in the Japanese sample. Individualism was a significant predictor for confidence in America, but it was not in Japan. As predicted, Japanese participants feel greater stigma and less recognition, openness, and confidence toward mental health services than Americans. It is important for mental health professionals to educate college students that individual who seek help have high masculine traits to ameliorate the negative attitude toward mental health professionals.
15
Ushiyama, Rin. "‘Comfort women must fall’? Japanese governmental responses to ‘comfort women’ statues around the world". Memory Studies 14, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2021): 1255–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17506980211054308.
Texto completoResumen
This article examines Japanese governmental responses to memorial statues dedicated to ‘comfort women’ – women across the Asia-Pacific whom the Japanese military forced into conditions now recognised as sexual slavery before and during World War Two. This article discusses four cases around the world in which Japanese government officials have demanded the removal of comfort women statues: 1) Glendale, California; 2) San Francisco; 3) Manila; and 4) Berlin. The global expansion of comfort women memorialisation is significant to contemporary statue politics and crises of memory in three ways. Firstly, East Asian diasporas have become important actors in the remembrance of Japanese colonialism and the Asia-Pacific War outside East Asia. Secondly, these statues constitute attempts by diasporas to recover and reclaim a traumatic past through material culture. Thirdly, despite the global geographical reach of comfort women memory activism, neither nationalism nor the power of the nation-state have declined in today’s transnational world.
16
Pamonag, Febe. "“A Bryn Mawr School in the East”: Transpacific Initiatives for Japanese Women's Higher Education". Pacific Historical Review 81, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2012): 537–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2012.81.4.537.
Texto completoResumen
With crucial help from American women, Tsuda Umeko founded Joshi Eigaku Juku (JEJ), one of the first private women's colleges in Japan. This article examines Tsuda's strategies for seeking assistance from Bryn Mawr College and the latter's response from 1900 to the mid-1910s. Tsuda and her Bryn Mawr supporters' fund-raising efforts for JEJ were anchored on intersecting arguments that higher education was a means to elevate the conditions of Japanese women and JEJ was an extension of Bryn Mawr. Amid strained U.S.-Japanese relations, Tsuda also argued that JEJ was a bridge across the Pacific. This study illuminates the complexity of a transnational initiative for Japanese women by showing how it reflected and helped sustain differences among women and among nations.
17
Omori, Kikuko y Mike Allen. "Cultural Differences between American and Japanese Self-Presentation on SNSs". International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies 4, n.º 1 (enero de 2014): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicst.2014010104.
Texto completoResumen
The present study compared American and Japanese user practices on social networking sites (SNSs). Analysis focused on self-presentation such as posting party and drinking pictures on SNSs. A total of 1,079 college students (583 American and 496 Japanese) participated in the survey, which provided the basis for analysis. The results of the study demonstrate cultural and SNS platform differences in self-presentation on SNSs. After controlling for preexisting conditions (gender, extraversion, offline popularity, and the length of membership with the SNS), Japanese Facebook users posted party and drinking pictures most frequently, followed by Japanese Mixi users and American Facebook users. In addition, the study found that Japanese dual-users changed their behavior according to the SNS. The implications and the underlying mechanism of Japanese users' behavioral switching on SNSs are discussed.
18
Kovner, Sarah. "The Soundproofed Superpower: American Bases and Japanese Communities, 1945–1972". Journal of Asian Studies 75, n.º 1 (25 de enero de 2016): 87–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002191181500159x.
Texto completoResumen
American military bases and the protests they have elicited have had a major impact on Japanese political culture. But after the end of the formal Occupation, and outside the territory immediately affected, the cultural consequences of the U.S. military presence are much less clear. This article offers a synthetic analysis that integrates diplomatic and social history and relates the strategies of U.S. policymakers to those of anti-base activists. It shows how much the base system has changed over time and how protests have long focused on the same issues, especially sex work and sexual violence, territorial disputes, and nuclear weapons. In each case, Washington and Tokyo worked together to insulate Japanese society, which made it easier for Japanese men and women to tolerate the bases and easier for U.S. servicemen to live within them.
19
Stark, Grace Emily. "Catholic Social Teaching and America's Suboptimal Breastfeeding Rate: Where Faith and Policy Should Meet to Combat Injustice". Linacre Quarterly 84, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2017): 356–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00243639.2017.1384268.
Texto completoResumen
Despite the numerous health benefits of breastfeeding, few American women breastfeed for the optimal duration of time. Reasons given for not following national and global institutional breastfeeding recommendations are various and multi-faceted. However, for many American women who would like to breastfeed, unjust historical, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors negatively impact their ability to breastfeed. Catholic social teaching seeks to protect the poor and the vulnerable by working for social and economic justice, encourages stewardship of the environment, and uplifts the family as the most important unit in society. As such, Catholic social teaching has clear implications for individuals and institutions seeking to make breastfeeding a more widespread, accepted practice. In response to the crisis in American rates of breastfeeding, American Catholic healthcare institutions should work to promote the just economic and social conditions necessary for American women to breastfeed their children, starting by implementing breastfeeding-friendly policies for patients and employees in their own institutions. Summary For many American women who would like to breastfeed, unjust historical, social, economic, cultural, and environmental factors negatively impact their ability to breastfeed. Catholic social teaching has clear implications for individuals and institutions seeking to make breastfeeding a more widespread, accepted practice. Therefore, American Catholic healthcare institutions should work particularly hard to promote the just economic and social conditions necessary for American women to breastfeed their children, starting by implementing breastfeeding-friendly policies for patients and employees in their own institutions.
20
Suzuki, Atsuko. "Egalitarian sex role attitudes: Scale development and comparison of American and Japanese women". Sex Roles 24, n.º 5-6 (marzo de 1991): 245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00288300.
Texto completo
21
José, Ricardo T. "War and Violence, History and Memory: The Philippine Experience of the Second World War". Asian Journal of Social Science 29, n.º 3 (2001): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853101x00190.
Texto completoResumen
AbstractThe subject of War and Memory in the Philippines remains a sensitive topic in the Philippines today. Many controversial issues about the Second World War remain subjects of debate, among them collaboration with the Japanese; Japanese war responsibility; American responsibility for the failed defense of the Philippines, and others. In one sense, the war in the Philippines has left an ambiguous legacy which leads to conflicting war memories and commemorations, particularly in the light of present conditions and evolving relationships with the other countries involved.
22
Okamoto, Shohei, Erika Kobayashi y Jersey Liang. "SOCIAL ISOLATION AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING AMONG OLDER JAPANESE ADULTS". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (noviembre de 2019): S862—S863. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3168.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract This research aimed to assess the relationship between social isolation and cognitive functioning among older Japanese adults, thereby expanding the relevant literature in two main ways. First, we estimated a social isolation score to incorporate objective measurements of social isolation into a subjective measurement. Second, a panel data analysis was utilised to consider the change in the social isolation score and time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity. Data were derived from the National Survey of the Japanese Elderly, a survey of a sample of older Japanese adults aged 60 to 99 in waves 3 through 7, which contain unified information of social isolation. The sample included 4,889 observations (1,836 individuals) for men and 6,621 observations (2,433 individuals) for women. The predicted isolation score was obtained by a random-effects ordered logistic regression (i.e., regressing a subjective feeling of isolation on variables regarding social interaction, social support, and social engagement). The association of cognitive functioning with the isolation score was estimated by a fixed-effects ordinary least squares regression, controlling for age, socioeconomic variables, health conditions, and time fixed-effects. We found that increased isolation was associated with a deterioration in cognitive functioning, both for men (coefficient: 0.66, robust standard error [SE]: 0.30) and women (coefficient: 0.90, SE: 0.26). Findings of this research highlight the importance of actions aimed at inhibiting social isolation for the prevention of cognitive decline. This approach is potentially beneficial for developing measurements of both subjective and objective social isolation and estimating the longitudinal relationship between social isolation and cognitive functioning.
23
González-Juárez, Liliana, Ana Lucía Noreña-Peña y Luis Cibanal-Juan. "Immigration experience of Latin American working women in Alicante, Spain: an ethnographic study". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 22, n.º 5 (octubre de 2014): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.3559.2490.
Texto completoResumen
OBJECTIVE: to describe the experience of Latin American working women regarding immigration, taking into account the expectations and conditions in which this process takes place.METHOD: ethnographic qualitative study. Data collection was performed by means of semi-structured interviews with 24 Latin American immigrant women in Spain. The information collected was triangulated through two focal groups.RESULTS: the expectations of migrant women focus on improving family living conditions. Social support is essential for their settling and to perform daily life activities. They declare they have adapted to the settlement country, although they live with stress. They perceive they have greater sexual freedom and power with their partners but keep greater responsibility in childcare, combining that with the role of working woman.CONCLUSIONS: migrant women play a key role in the survival of households, they build and create new meanings about being a woman, their understanding of life, their social and couple relationships. Such importance is shaped by their expectations and the conditions in which the migration process takes place, as well as their work integration.
24
Yeh, Ryh-Song y Cherlyn Skromme Granrose. "Work goals of Taiwanese men and women managers in Taiwanese, Japanese and American owned firms". International Journal of Intercultural Relations 17, n.º 1 (diciembre de 1993): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(93)90015-z.
Texto completo
25
Nobles, Wade W., Lawford L. Goddard y Dorie J. Gilbert. "Culturecology, Women, and African-Centered HIV Prevention". Journal of Black Psychology 35, n.º 2 (9 de febrero de 2009): 228–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095798409333584.
Texto completoResumen
The Healer Women Fighting Disease Integrated Substance Abuse and HIV Prevention Program for African American women is based on a conceptual framework called “culturecology” and an African-Centered Behavioral Change Model (ACBCM). Culturecology poses that an understanding of African American culture is central to both behavior and behavioral transformation. The ACBCM model suggests that behavioral change occurs through a process of resocialization and culturalization. These processes minimize negative social conditions and maximize prosocial and life-affirming conditions. The participants were 149 women—105 in the intervention group and 44 in the comparison group. Findings show significant changes among participants from pretest to posttest in (1) increasing motivation and decreasing depression (cultural realignment ), (2) increasing HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-worth (cognitive restructuring ), and (3) adopting less risky sexual practices (character development ). The African-centered approach demonstrates promise as a critical component in reducing and/or eliminating health disparities in the African American community.
26
Andrade, Cristiane Batista. "Female Latin American migrant workers and violences: towards an intersectional perspective?" Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 28, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2023): 3281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320232811.16622022en.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract The history of Latin American society has been influenced by colonization, which has subjugated non-white women to gender violence, racism and sexism. This article discusses the work of female Latin American migrants through the lens of intersectionality to reflect upon the historical and social realities of Latin women who migrate in search of employment or to escape violence. Drawing upon the contributions of the sociologist Patricia Collins, this article discusses the concept of intersectionality and topics pertaining to intersectional analyses (relationality, power relations, social inequality, social context, complexity and social justice). As a critical social theory that is under construction, intersectionality deepens the analysis of oppressions experienced by female migrant workers, such as xenophobia, racism, slave labor, sexual exploitation and precarious working conditions. Thinking about the violence experienced by female Latin American workers from an intersectional perspective implies listening to these women, understanding their resistance, increasing the visibility of collective actions, and guaranteeing the implementation of public policies considering their experiences and perspectives.
27
Harvey, Idethia, Ledric Sherman, Erica Spears, Chanee Ford y Helena Green. "Social support and diabetes self-management behavior among Caribbean, Caribbean American, and African American women: A descriptive correlation study". Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 05, n.º 01 (junio de 2017): 016–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-0656.193994.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Background: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most prevalent chronic and noncommunicable conditions both domestically and globally. The objective of this descriptive study was to examine how perceived social support impacted self-care management behavior among female African American and Caribbean populations. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study recruited 42 African American and Caribbean women diagnosed with T2D (M = 69.1, SD = 12.0). Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to explore the relationship between (1) demographic characteristics, (2) desired and received social support variables, and (3) self-management behaviors. Results: Caribbean women residing in the United States were more likely to follow general diet (M = 5.38, SD = 1.43) and to engage in physical activity (M = 4.31, SD = 2.39), whereas African American women were more likely to follow a specific diabetes diet (M = 3.79, SD = 1.60) and to monitor their glucose (M = 5.70, SD = 1.75). Caribbean women living in the United States Virgin Islands were more likely to follow recommended foot care procedure (M = 4.65, SD = 1.36). A negative correlation occurred between female participants exercising and the desired support in exercising. Women who reported that they desired more support with physical activity exercised less (r s= −0.34; P = 0.04). No relationship was found between foot care procedure and demographic characteristics or social support variables (i.e. desired or received). Conclusion: This study suggests directions for future studies that would examine the dynamics of social support and T2D self-management behaviors, and this study might be relevant to other Caribbean and African American communities with T2D both in North America and the Caribbean.
28
Kang, Jeehye y Philip N. Cohen. "Household Extension and Employment Among Asian Immigrant Women in the United States". Journal of Family Issues 39, n.º 1 (21 de septiembre de 2015): 128–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x15606489.
Texto completoResumen
To help explain variation in Asian immigrant women’s employment, we examine the association between women’s employment and the presence and characteristics of adult extended household members for seven Asian immigrant groups: Chinese, Korean, Asian Indian, Pakistani, Filipina, Vietnamese, and Japanese. Using the American Community Survey 2009-2011 pooled data, we find that married, first-generation Asian immigrant women’s employment rates are higher when they live with parents or parents-in-law. Furthermore, hampered by housework and care work, these women apparently receive some support in particular from female extended adults providing child care assistance—especially in families with young children. On the other hand, we find a negative association between the presence of disabled adults and employment, but only for Koreans, and employed extended adults’ support varies across nationality groups. Variations in these dynamics across Asian groups suggest the need for further study.
29
Iriani, Ade, Hamzon Situmorang y T. Tyrhaya Zein. "The Social Reality of Japanese Society in Rei Kimura's Novel Butterfly in The Wind". Madah: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 12, n.º 1 (3 de mayo de 2021): 118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31503/madah.v12i1.400.
Texto completoResumen
This study is a literary study that discusses the picture of the social reality of Japanese society in a novel by Rei Kimura entitled Butterfly in the Wind. The method used is descriptive analytic. The data are in the form of excerpts or sentence excerpts in novels that describe the social reality of Japanese society. The theory used is the sociological theory of literature and Marx's social analysis approach. From the analysis, it is concluded that various social realities of Japanese society are depicted in the novel Butterfly in the Wind which includes aspects of politics, economy, culture, education, family, morals, gender, religion, and technology. In the political aspect, it is illustrated that the attitude of government (bakufu) is arbitrary and unfair, especially among farmers and fishermen groups. The economic aspect illustrates the economic gap between groups of aristocrats and ordinary people. Cultural and religious aspects are reflected in the patriarchal culture of Japanese society and Buddhist rituals which are carried out such as funeral processions. The aspect of education illustrates the unfairness and distribution of education for Japanese society at that time. The family aspect shows a picture of affection between family members, especially parents and children. The moral aspect is reflected in the behavior of people who hate Okichi's background as a concubine. The gender aspect illustrates the gender bias between men and women. Finally, on the technological aspect, the reality of Japanese technology is still low compared to European and American countries.
30
Guth, Christine M. E. "‘The Japanese Stand Today as Teachers of the Whole World’: American Food Reform and the Russo-Japanese War". Journal of American-East Asian Relations 28, n.º 3 (8 de septiembre de 2021): 193–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18765610-28030001.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Japanese food first became the focus of serious attention in the United States during the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), when Japan’s victory over the Russian empire signaled that nation’s arrival as a new world power. This newfound interest had nothing to do with gastronomy. The conviction driving it was that diet and preventative health care in the Japanese military, which had been critical to its unexpected success, could serve as models for the United States. Military doctors, home economists, dietitians, businesses, vegetarians, and physical fitness fans joined this discourse, each with their own agendas. Many participants were women whose advocacy linked the supposed innate feminine propensity for nurturing and care giving with a shared faith in science to solve the problems facing the modern world. All believed Japan’s rice, vegetable, and fish-based diet contributed to the exceptional physical strength and stamina of the Japanese people because, unlike their own, “it was plain, rational, and easily digested, metabolized and assimilated.” More enthusiasm than knowledge in their claims, but this mattered little since the goal was not to popularize Japanese culinary culture, but to reform U.S. eating habits. This article examines the American discourse on Japanese food and health and how it shaped and reflected domestic political, social, and economic priorities in the 20th Century’s first decade.
31
Fleming, Catherine. "A Moral Success and a Profitable One". European Journal of East Asian Studies 22, n.º 1 (21 de marzo de 2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-02201003.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract In the early years of the twentieth century, U.S. relationships with the East were shaped by influential men and women bent on modernising and Christianising other countries. Sidney Gulick, whose 1915 Working Women of Japan is part of a larger effort to support Japan’s modernisation, writes about a charitable institution as an exemplar for future projects. Although the project successfully attracted many young textile workers and assisted them by providing education, healthy living, and new opportunities, it also reveals a darker underside to western charitable impulses. Gulick conflates morality with industry, happiness with production, and success with profit, reducing a laudable attempt to interest fellow Americans in charitable efforts to an attempt to gain buy-in for a commercial project. By working in close partnership with exploitative factories and their owners, these would-be reformers end by supporting the very conditions which they set out to reform.
32
Caputo, Richard K. "Gender and Race: Employment Opportunity and the American Economy, 1969–1991". Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 76, n.º 4 (abril de 1995): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438949507600405.
Texto completoResumen
The author examined the relationship between gender and race with regard to economic conditions and employment opportunities between 1969 and 1991. The study showed that women in general and white women in particular experienced increasing employment opportunities and rising wages in the 1970s and 1980s, that the “privileged” economic status of white males eroded in the 1970s and 1980s, that blacks experienced greater income equality than whites from the 1970s to the 1980s, and that the income gains black men experienced in the 1970s declined markedly in the 1980s. Implications of pursuing a high-wage, high-tech economy for racial and gender groups are discussed.
33
KRASIL'NIKOVA, Elena V. "The impact of ownership structure and board of directors on performance, financing, environmental, social, and governance". Finance and Credit 29, n.º 10 (30 de octubre de 2023): 2292–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.29.10.2292.
Texto completoResumen
Subject. The article addresses the features of agency relations, i.e. concentration, ownership structure and Board of Directors that act as non-financial factors affecting the performance of companies. Objectives. The study aims to substantiate and empirically establish linkages between the specifics of agency relations, as non-financial drivers, with company’s performance and responsibility, measured through ESG. Methods. The use of methods of econometric analysis and least-squares estimation determine the links and strength of the impact of non-financial factors on return, Tobin’s Q, debt-to-asset ratio, and ESG. Results. For Russian companies, the paper underpins and evaluates the impact of concentration on an increase in return on assets and equity, but a decrease in value. Government ownership decreases performance, but raises financing. The structure of the Board of Directors impacts an increase in ROA, ROE, and Tobin’s Q, and a decrease in debt-to-asset ratio. For some Russian, U.S., European and Japanese companies, the paper empirically proved a stimulating effect of the size and presence of women in the Board of Directors on ESG. Decomposition of ESG refines the results. The size of the Board of Directors to a greater extent improves Environmental for American, European companies, and independent directors – Environmental for Russian companies. The presence of women improves Governance for American and European firms, and Social – for Russian and Japanese companies. Conclusions. The findings enhance understanding of agency relations with company performance, value, and fund raising. Conclusions about ESG dependence on the Board of Directors structure and size are applied in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals.
34
Sternfeld, Barbara, Alicia Colvin, Andrea Stewart, Bradley M. Appelhans, Jane A. Cauley, Sheila A. Dugan, Samar R. El Khoudary, Gail A. Greendale, Elsa Strotmeyer y Carrie Karvonen-Gutierrez. "Understanding Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Performance in Midlife Women: Findings From SWAN (Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation)". Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, n.º 9 (14 de agosto de 2019): 1961–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz103.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Objectives Evaluate degree to which racial/ethnic differences in physical performance are mediated by sociodemographic, health, behavioral, and psychosocial factors. Methods Physical performance was evaluated using a decile score derived from grip strength, timed 4 m walk, and timed repeat chair stand in 1,855 African American, Caucasian, Chinese, Hispanic, and Japanese women, mean age = 61.8 (SD = 2.7) in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Mediators included education, financial strain, comorbidities, pain, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and perceived stress. Structural equation models provided estimates of the total difference in physical performance between Caucasians and each race/ethnic groups and differences due to direct effects of race/ethnicity and indirect effects through mediators. Results The mean decile score for Caucasian women was 16.9 (SD = 5.6), 1.8, 2.6, and 2.1 points higher than the model-estimated scores in African Americans, Hispanics and Chinese, respectively, and 1.3 points lower than the Japanese. Differences between Caucasians and the Chinese and Japanese were direct effects of race/ethnicity whereas in African Americans and Hispanics 75% or more of that disparity was through mediators, particularly education, financial strain, BMI, physical activity, and pain. Discussion Addressing issues of poverty, racial inequality, pain, and obesity could reduce some racial/ethnic disparity in functional limitations as women age.
35
DIOUF, Ndeye Fatou. "Female Bonding in Sula and The Women of Brewster Place : A Freedom Nest Threatened by Patriarchal Institutions and Social Perceptions." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VII, n.º XII (2024): 689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2023.7012052.
Texto completoResumen
In Sula, Toni Morrison paints the marvels of female friendship in the American society where race, class and gender define Black women’s lot. Personified through the characters of Sula and Nel, Morrison pictures how togetherness alleviates the young girls’ social burdens and consolidates their selves despite their distinct personalities. In The Women of Brewster Place, through seven stories, Gloria Naylor portrays women’s bonding in its different shapes as their redeemer in defiance of the social, psychological and economic conditions in the Black community. In both novels, Naylor and Morrison represent female bonding in its dynamic as Black women’s healer in the African American community where they are subjected to oppression because of their position as the other of an “other”. However, the two authors draw particular attention toward men’s destructive social power embodied in institutions like marriage but also how women’s tendency to homogenize the black female characters’ self-definition hinders their empowerment. Both authors’ views of the assets of female community are confirmed by the recent conditions of African-American women. Nevertheless, the query remains on how far togetherness drives Black women in their way to empowerment in America.
36
Nguyen, Duy, Rui Liu y Yookyong Lee. "COGNITIVE DIFFICULTIES AMONG ASIAN AMERICAN OLDER ADULTS: RESULTS FROM THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.810.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract While Asians are the fastest growing racial group in the United States, limited research exists on their health needs, especially among older adults. Cognitive difficulties increase disease and caregiving burdens, but little is known about patterns of cognitive health among Asian American older adults. This study fills the knowledge gap by using data from the 2015-2019 American Community Surveys to examine the relationship between Asian ethnicity and gender on cognitive health. This analysis focuses on respondents aged 65 and over from the six most populous Asian American groups: Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese (n=100,538). Weighted, adjusted logistic regression analyses tested for the effects of Asian ethnicity and gender on cognitive difficulties. Multivariate analyses showed Filipino, Indian, and Vietnamese older adults were more likely than Chinese to report cognitive difficulties. Additionally, Asian American women were more likely to report cognitive difficulties compared to Asian American men. Joint effect analyses were statistically significant, thus we examined separate regression analyses by Asian ethnicity. Results showed that Vietnamese women were more likely than Vietnamese men to report cognitive difficulties. Across Asian ethnic groups, family relationships and economic factors play a major role in having a cognitive difficulty. Overall, the results suggest that ethnic-specific analysis of the Asian American reveals a fuller picture of health in older adulthood. Future research needs to dive more deeply into the sociocultural and economic dimensions of health. Further, culturally appropriate policy and practices are needed to promote successful aging among older Asian Americans.
37
Cole, Portia L. "Black Women and Sickle Cell Disease". Californian Journal of Health Promotion 5, SI (1 de mayo de 2007): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v5isi.1196.
Texto completoResumen
This qualitative study sought to center the personal experiences of Black American women affected by Sickle Cell disease (SCD) within the broader policy discussion of mental health disparities. Previous research suggests that stress may serve as a trigger for painful episodes which may contribute to increased rates of psychiatric morbidity in this population. The sample consisted of 10 women who perceived disease related stress in various social settings. Data was collected via tape recorded interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. The findings shed light on the role of perceived social stressors as potential determinants of mental health disparities among SCD women. The development of a gender and race specific psychosocial screening instrument which measures the social correlates of stress in this population is warranted. Amelioration of the social conditions that place SCD women at risk for poor mental health outcomes should be the ultimate policy goal.
38
Alvarado, Beatriz E., Maria-Victoria Zunzunegui, Francois Béland y Jean-Marie Bamvita. "Life Course Social and Health Conditions Linked to Frailty in Latin American Older Men and Women". Journals of Gerontology: Series A 63, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2008): 1399–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.12.1399.
Texto completo
39
Vorkina, Kseniia S. "Changing the Image of Woman and the Family Model: Rethinking the Traditional Way of Life in the Current Realities of Japanese Society". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 15, n.º 2 (2023): 385–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2023.211.
Texto completoResumen
The paper focuses on the study of the image of Japanese mothers in modern Japanese society in the context of rethinking the traditional way of life. In the course of the research, there was made an attempt to establish what underlies the value model of modern Japanese women and to analyze the degree of influence of habitual traditional gender stereotypes. The author considers the phases of the formation of the family institution in Japan and states that the principles of Confucian ethics, manifested in the presence of moral norms of behavior, attitudes and prescriptions, can be traced in the minds of modern Japanese. However, in the conditions of accelerated socialization of women and the ongoing process of atomization of families, the burden of responsibility from traditional expectations put on a woman increases, leading to adverse consequences in the form of “neuroses in the background of raising children”. The article discusses the changes in the structure of female employment over the past decades, in order to identify problems associated with the distribution of gender roles and the changing position of Japanese women in society. As a result of the study, it was suggested that despite the tendency in Japan to shift the value model towards individualism, the features of traditional family ideology are preserved, as evidenced by the presence of numerous proverbs and idioms of the Japanese language dedicated to family relationships and based on Confucian ethics. In such a society, social roles and labor functions are still divided and consolidated, the observance of the hierarchy is maintained, despite the disintegration of traditional ties, social division, separation from the clan and large family groups.
40
Briones-Vozmediano, Erica, Natalia Rivas-Quarneti, Montserrat Gea-Sánchez, Andreu Bover-Bover, Maria Antonia Carbonero y Denise Gastaldo. "The Health Consequences of Neocolonialism for Latin American Immigrant Women Working as Caregivers in Spain: A Multisite Qualitative Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 21 (9 de noviembre de 2020): 8278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218278.
Texto completoResumen
In Spain, most jobs available for Latin American immigrant women are in intimate labour (caregiving and domestic work). This work is usually performed under informal employment conditions. The objective of this study was to explain how the colonial logic mediates the experiences of Latin American women working in intimate labour in Spain, and the effects of such occupation on their health and wellbeing, using a decolonial theoretical framework. A multi-site secondary data analysis of qualitative data from four previous studies was performed utilizing 101 interviews with Latin American immigrant women working as caregivers in Spain. Three interwoven categories show how the dominant colonial logic in Spain creates low social status and precarious jobs, and naturalizes intimate labour as their métier while producing detrimental physical and psychosocial health consequences for these immigrant caregivers. The caregivers displayed several strategies to resist and navigate intimate labour and manage its negative impact on health. Respect and integration into the family for whom they work had a buffering effect, mediating the effects of working conditions on health and wellbeing. Based on our analysis, we suggest that employment, social, and health protection laws and strategies are needed to promote a positive working environment, and to reduce the impact of caregiving work for Latin American caregivers.
41
HOWARD, JOSHUA H. "The Politicization of Women Workers at War: Labour in Chongqing's cotton mills during the Anti-Japanese War". Modern Asian Studies 47, n.º 6 (3 de abril de 2013): 1888–940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000849.
Texto completoResumen
AbstractBuilding on recent scholarship that highlights social change caused by the Anti-Japanese War, this paper traces the politicization of women working in the cotton mills of Chongqing, the Nationalist wartime capital. Upon joining the workforce in the late 1930s, most cotton mill hands were young, uneducated women expected to endure hard work and remain physically confined to the factories. By 1945, women workers were at the forefront of a militant labour movement, writing manifestoes and petitioning government officials. This process of politicization stemmed from their decision to work in factories, which breached societal norms, and their experience of disciplined labour regimes and brutal working conditions, which fostered an incipient class-consciousness. Moreover, Nationalist-sponsored factory education campaigns had the unintended effect of leading women to challenge class exploitation and sexual discrimination. Their participation in the labour movement, which was fuelled by their struggle for economic justice and desire for higher social status, used both legal forms— especially petitions and letters to the press couched in the wartime nationalist rhetoric of shared sacrifice—and extralegal means, namely class violence. The paper concludes that the social changes and conflict that accompanied women's wartime work helped prepare the terrain for Communist rule.
42
Thorpe, Roland J., Rachael McCleary, Jenny R. Smolen, Keith E. Whitfield, Eleanor M. Simonsick y Thomas LaVeist. "Racial Disparities in Disability Among Older Adults". Journal of Aging and Health 26, n.º 8 (diciembre de 2014): 1261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264314534892.
Texto completoResumen
Objective: Persistent and consistently observed racial disparities in physical functioning likely stem from racial differences in social resources and environmental conditions. Method: We examined the association between race and reported difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in 347 African American (45.5%) and Whites aged 50 or above in the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities–Southwest Baltimore, Maryland Study (EHDIC-SWB). Results: Contrary to previous studies, African Americans had lower rates of disability (women: 25.6% vs. 44.6%, p = .006; men: 15.7% vs. 32.9%; p = .017) than Whites. After adjusting for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and comorbidities, African American women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.14, 0.70]) and African American men (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = [0.13, 0.90]) retained their functional advantage compared with White women and men, respectively. Conclusion: These findings within an integrated, low-income urban sample support efforts to ameliorate health disparities by focusing on the social context in which people live.
43
Shockley, Tiffiny y Darrell Norman Burrell. "Economic, Cultural, Social Determinants of Black Women Obesity". Business Ethics and Leadership 8, n.º 1 (3 de abril de 2024): 234–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.61093/bel.8(1).234-245.2024.
Texto completoResumen
Obesity is a widespread problem in the United States, particularly affecting Black communities. It is a public health problem, a long-term, cumulative issue of economic and social justice and inequality for this demographic group. Thus, the key to solving it is to eliminate persistent structural root causes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2022, the prevalence of obesity among African American adults is 49.5%, with Black women having the highest prevalence compared to other racial and ethnic groups. The main purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive literature review that examines the multifaceted factors contributing to obesity among African American women, as well as systematise the determinants related to the economic well-being of the community, social factors, cultural patterns of lifestyle in the community, etc. The analysis revealed a clear inverse relationship between income and obesity among African Americans, with this trend being particularly pronounced among women than men and differing across age groups in black communities. The economic determinants of obesity in Black women are related to the fact that low-income households have limited access to affordable and nutritious food and are regularly exposed to stress related to financial difficulties, with so-called “food swamps” and “food deserts” being common in low-income areas. The social determinants of obesity are related to the fact that Black women face higher levels of racism and sexism than other demographic groups, and unequal social conditions cause structural disparities in health, education and employment. Psycho-social and cultural determinants (cultural norms of body image, social influencers, religion, social networks and family upbringing, etc.) play a key role in the emergence of the problem under study, so Black women often model their eating and physical activity habits by cultural traditions, and those who struggle with overweight may face stigma, social isolation and discrimination. The article makes recommendations for reducing obesity among Black women, which primarily relate to the development of culturally sensitive nutrition education programs, community-based health promotion programs, community-centered food policy advocacy, technology-based health platforms, public-private partnerships for affordable healthy food retail, etc.
44
Joseph, Rodney P., Barbara E. Ainsworth, Kevin Hollingshead, Michael Todd y Colleen Keller. "Results of a Culturally Tailored Smartphone-Delivered Physical Activity Intervention Among Midlife African American Women: Feasibility Trial". JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, n.º 4 (22 de abril de 2021): e27383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27383.
Texto completoResumen
Background Regular aerobic physical activity (PA) is an important component of healthy aging. However, only 27%-40% of African American women achieve national PA guidelines. Available data also show a clear decline in PA as African American women transition from young adulthood (ie, 25-44 years) into midlife. This decline in PA during midlife coincides with an increased risk for African American women developing cardiometabolic disease conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, effective efforts are needed to promote PA among sedentary African American women during midlife. Objective This study aims to examine the acceptability and feasibility of a culturally tailored, smartphone-delivered PA intervention, originally developed to increase PA among African American women aged 24-49 years, among a slightly older sample of midlife African American women aged 50-65 years. Methods A single-arm pretest-posttest study design was implemented. In total, 20 insufficiently active African American (ie, ≤60 min per week of PA) women between the ages of 50-65 years participated in the 4-month feasibility trial. The Smart Walk intervention was delivered through the study Smart Walk smartphone app and text messages. Features available on the Smart Walk app include personal profile pages, multimedia PA promotion modules, discussion board forums, and an activity tracking feature that integrates with Fitbit activity monitors. Self-reported PA and social cognitive theory mediators targeted by the intervention (ie, self-regulation, behavioral capability, outcome expectations, self-efficacy, and social support) were assessed at baseline and at 4 months. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed using a postintervention satisfaction survey that included multiple-choice and open-ended questions evaluating participant perceptions of the intervention and suggestions for intervention improvement. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to examine pre- and postintervention changes in the PA and social cognitive theory variables. The effect size estimates were calculated using the Pearson r test statistic. Results Participants increased moderate-to-vigorous PA (median 30 minutes per week increase; r=0.503; P=.002) and reported improvements in 2 theoretical mediators (self-regulation: r=0.397; P=.01; behavioral capability: r=0.440; P=.006). Nearly all participants (14/15, 93% completing the satisfaction survey) indicated that they would recommend the intervention to a friend. Participants’ suggestions for improving the intervention included enhancing the intervention’s provisions of social support for PA. Conclusions The results provide preliminary support for the feasibility of the smartphone-based approach to increase PA among midlife African American women. However, before larger-scale implementation among midlife African American women, enhancements to the social support components of the intervention are warranted. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04073355; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04073355
45
Jones, Hendrée E., Nancy D. Berkman, Tracy L. Kline, Rachel Middlesteadt Ellerson, Felicia A. Browne, Winona Poulton y Wendee M. Wechsberg. "Initial Feasibility of a Woman-Focused Intervention for Pregnant African-American Women". International Journal of Pediatrics 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/389285.
Texto completoResumen
African-American women who use crack are vulnerable to HIV because of the complex social circumstances in which they live. Drug-abuse treatment for these women during pregnancy may provide time for changing risk behaviors. This paper examines the initial 6-month feasibility of a women-focused HIV intervention, the Women's CoOp, adapted for pregnant women, relative to treatment-as-usual among 59 pregnant African-American women enrolled in drug-abuse treatment. At treatment entry, the women were largely homeless, unemployed, practicing unsafe sex, and involved in violence. Results indicated marked reductions in homelessness, use of cocaine and illegal drugs, involvement in physical violence, and an increase in knowledge of HIV from baseline to 6-month followup for both conditions. Findings suggest that the Women's CoOp intervention could be successfully adapted to treat this hard-to-reach population. Future studies should examine the efficacy of the pregnancy-adapted Women's CoOp for women not enrolled in drug-abuse treatment.
46
Perner, Mónica Serena, Marcio Alazraqui y Leila D. Amorim. "Social inequalities between neighborhoods and cardiovascular disease: a multilevel analysis in a Latin American city". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, n.º 7 (2022): 2597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022277.21662021.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Studies analyzing relations between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and environmental aspects in Latin American cities are relatively recent and limited, since most of them are conducted in high-income countries, analyzing mortality outcomes, and comprising large areas. This research focuses on adults with diabetes and/or hypertension under clinical follow-up who live in deprived areas. At the individual level we evaluated sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors from patient’s records, and at the neighborhood level, socioeconomic conditions from census data. A multilevel analysis was carried out to study CVD. More women than men were under clinical follow-up, but men had higher frequency, higher odds, and shorter time to CVD diagnosis. Multilevel analysis showed that residing in neighborhoods with worst socioeconomic conditions leads to higher odds of CVDs, even after controlling for individual variables: OR (CI95%) of CVD in quartile 2 (Q2) 3.9 (1.2-12.1); Q3 4.0 (1.3-12.3); Q4 2.3 (0.7-8.0) (vs. highest socioeconomic level quartile). Among individuals living in unequal contexts, we found differences in CVD, which makes visible inequalities within inequalities. Differences between women and men should be considered through a gender perspective.
47
Zhou, Qinxuan. "Effectiveness Of Contemporary American Documentary as The Media to Promote Female Empowerment". Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 28 (1 de abril de 2024): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/n2s67w04.
Texto completoResumen
Nowadays, with the development of the women's rights movement and raised awareness of the importance of gender equality, feminist documentaries have more diversified forms of expression and more inclusive themes, focusing more on the living conditions and spiritual world of women groups. It is of great research value and significance to see how contemporary documentaries portray the image of women and reflect the current state of women's spirits and social status. The main objective of this research is to analyze how contemporary feminist documentaries convey their messages of empowering women and dissect some social issues that women are confronting. Examples of documentary types analyzed in this study include expository, observational, and biographical documentaries, and the analysis involves three aspects of documentary which are persona construction, narrative style, and audiovisual language. By comparing and contrasting the different techniques and perspectives used in different documentaries based on existing theories and case studies, it is concluded that showing the female speaker as authoritative and unbiased, as well as presenting the story from the first-person perspective, paired with an omniscient narrative style, can effectively represent the modern documentary's advocacy of women's independence and empowerment.
48
Marcotte, Mia, Yashi Chauhan, Vedha Penmetcha, Caroline Thompson, Candice Thompson, Malathi Srinivasan, Gloria Kim, Xinran Qi, Robert Huang y Adrian Bacong. "Abstract 2134: Disaggregating breast cancer mortality trends in Asian American women from 2005-2020". Cancer Research 84, n.º 6_Supplement (22 de marzo de 2024): 2134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-2134.
Texto completoResumen
Abstract Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of death among women and has disproportionately higher rates of mortality in certain racial groups, including Asian Americans (AA). While differences in BC mortality between AA and other racial groups have been identified, few studies have disaggregated nationwide AA mortality data. Methods: Using National Vital Statistics System mortality data, BC-related deaths were analyzed among AA groups (Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipina, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese), Native Hawiian and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) from 2005-2020. We calculated cancer proportional mortality ratios (PMRs), age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), standard mortality ratios, and used JoinPoint regression for average annual percentage change (AAPC). Results: Among 13677 AA, 522 NHPI, 501282 NHW descendants, 14.3% cancer deaths were due to BC. PMRs increased for all racial groups except Filipina. AAMRs significantly decreased in NHWs (AAPC -1.61; CI -1.70 to -1.48) while significantly increasing for aggregate AAs (AAPC 0.45; CI 0.08 to 0.94). Among AAs, Filipinas had the highest AAMR. AAMRs significantly increased for Asian Indians (AAPC 2.05; CI 1.20 to 3.46), Filipinas (AAPC 0.61; CI 0.15 to 1.46), Koreans (AAPC 2.72; CI 1.57 to 4.65) and Vietnamese women (AAPC 3.63; CI 2.26 to 6.20), but significantly decreased for Japanese (AAPC -1.41; CI -2.22 to -0.53). Conclusions: We observed heterogenous and converging BC mortality trends across AA groups. These trends elucidate which populations within the broader AA group have disproportionately higher death rates and therefore should be targeted for BC prevention protocols (e.g., Asian Indian and Filipina). Identifying such trends can also help elucidate disparities in cancer care and the overall social determinants that affect women with BC. Understanding disaggregated trends can inform more inclusive screening practices and culturally tailored interventions and treatments to reduce BC deaths in vulnerable populations. Citation Format: Mia Marcotte, Yashi Chauhan, Vedha Penmetcha, Caroline Thompson, Candice Thompson, Malathi Srinivasan, Gloria Kim, Xinran Qi, Robert Huang, Adrian Bacong. Disaggregating breast cancer mortality trends in Asian American women from 2005-2020 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2134.
49
Ellison, Constance M. y A. Wade Boykin. "COMPARING OUTCOMES FROM DIFFERENTIAL COOPERATIVE AND INDIVIDUALISTIC LEARNING METHODS". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 22, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 1994): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1994.22.1.91.
Texto completoResumen
Performance and learning process factors were determined as a function of different cooperative and individualistic learning techniques. Ninety-six African-American college women completed a 40-item vocabulary test of unfamiliar words and then were randomly assigned to one of four 30-minute word-study conditions. These four conditions were either a cooperative or individualistic study arrangement coupled with a performance-contingent competitive or criterion (i.e. based on an absolute performance standard) incentive. Performance on an alternative form of the vocabulary test, and measures of study attitudes, perceived ability, and time on study task were then assessed. Second test performance was greater following cooperative than individualistic learning. This was principally due to the difference between these conditions when they were paired with competitive incentives. Cooperative learning also led to more positive attitudes towards the learning experience, greater perceived ability, and more time on study task. The generalizability of cooperative learning effects are discussed as is the effectiveness of the approach with African-American students.
50
Oso, Laura. "Transnational Social Mobility Strategies and Quality of Work among Latin-American Women Sex Workers in Spain". Sociological Research Online 21, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2016): 188–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.4129.
Texto completoResumen
The aim of this article is to analyse the quality of work of two of the main types of female sex work in Spain (clubs and in-call flats). In order to do so I will focus on the following working dimensions: wages, power relations, skills, alienation, health, violence, work life and stigma. Firstly, the article seeks to highlight the structural factors that condition the quality of work of Latin American female sex workers in Spain. These factors are closely connected to policies regarding migration and sex work, which foment irregular work arrangements (undocumented migrants and informal workers). Secondly, I analyse entry formats (indebted or autonomous migration) and how they impact on working conditions. Thirdly, the article considers the migrant women's work choices and the resulting living and working conditions they may encounter. I intend to show that Latin American women sex workers in Spain might opt for a certain type of work within the context of strategic decisions, as linked to their migratory and social mobility projects. These decisions have a family and a transnational scope (country of origin, country of destination). The analysis presented is based on qualitative fieldwork (semi-structured interviews) carried out in Galicia (north-west Spain).