Literatura académica sobre el tema "Japanese american women – social conditions"

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Japanese american women – social conditions"

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Zanotti, Pierantonio. "Playing the (International) Movie: Intermediality and the Appropriation of Symbolic Capital in Final Fight and the Beat ’em up Genre". Eludamos: Journal for Computer Game Culture 9, n.º 1 (19 de septiembre de 2018): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/23.6165.

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Final Fight (Capcom 1989) is a famous example of a video game genre generally known as “beat ’em up” or “brawler,” a type of action game where the player character must fight a large number of enemies in unarmed combat or with melee weapons. The side-scrolling beat ’em up genre reached the peak of its global popularity in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a period sometimes referred to as the genre’s “golden age.” Set in a contemporary, urban setting, Final Fight has a storyline that revolves around three playable heroes who attempt to rescue a young woman from the clutches of a criminal gang. Although likely the most influential and among the best games in this genre, Final Fight did not found the beat ’em up genre by itself: it was produced within the context of a specific, albeit recent, textual tradition and canon. This canon consisted of texts produced within the same medium (i.e. other video games, mostly of Japanese production) but also drew from an intermedial corpus. In its design and narrative tropes, Final Fight inherited and incorporated a number of elements from Hollywood action cinema that had been translated into the newer digital medium of video game. To trace a history of the beat ’em up genre from its origins to Final Fight, I address in this paper questions on three levels. On the intertextual level, what are the textual antecedents of Final Fight? What were the formal and stylistic conditions of possibility for this game within the history of the genre and the medium? What are the game’s intermedial connections, especially with films? To answer these questions, I trace a tentative genealogy, focusing on the narrative and representational elements of the game. Specifically, I examine storylines, characters and settings and their relationship with the structural properties of beat ’em up gameplay. On the “(v)ideological” (Gottschalk 1995) level, what value systems are put into play in a classic beat ’em up game? In what ways are the player’s choices axiologised? What conduct is rewarded or sanctioned? Which actions can the player’s avatar perform, and for which purposes? In what contemporary discursive formations did Final Fight participate as a textual device for the actualisation of ideologically non-neutral fictional conduct? I attempt to map the value system inscribed in this video game genre that, in turn, articulates it as a game (i.e. as a system of stakes, rules, sanctions, and rewards). On the historical level, what were the industrial and commercial conditions entailed in the production of a game such as Final Fight? To the (actual or virtual) satisfaction of what demands, both material and symbolic, was it designed? Answering these questions calls for an analysis of the so-called “context,” which I consider to be a historical and social meta-narrative. In this respect, my research mostly focuses geographically and historically on the Japanese video game market of the 1980s and its transnational connections. Starting with the (mainly cinematic) dissemination of transnational imaginaries of “street violence” and “vigilantism” against the background of large, modern American cities during the 1970s and 1980s, I attempt to show that Final Fight is an instance of the incorporation of these imaginaries into video games. More generally, I argue that, with various degrees of success, the classic beat ’em up games produced in Japan carried out a function of symbolic appropriation and redistribution at a local level as they remediated a cinematic textual canon (which was, for a significant part, of foreign origin) into the video game medium. As video games, these texts shifted the focus of this appropriation from spectatorship to the forms of active agency prescribed in gameplay. The player thus appropriated control not only on a character in a game but also of an entire cinematic canon which, in the Japanese context, appeared rich in symbolic capital and marked by “American-ness.” The movies that inspired the classic beat ’em up came from Hollywood, one of the “Greenwich Meridians” (Casanova 2004) in the global cultural industry during the 1970s and 1980s, likely the last decades of what some scholars have called “the era of high Americanization” (Iwabuchi 2002). Video games were, in other words, the means by which a portion of the Japanese cultural industry could so successfully appropriate the symbolic capital of Hollywood products that these Japanese games transcended the borders of the Japanese national market and became big hits in the “West.”
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FERGUSON, SUSAN J. "Marriage Timing of Chinese American and Japanese American Women". Journal of Family Issues 16, n.º 3 (mayo de 1995): 314–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251395016003005.

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Using U.S. census data, this study examines the differences in marriage rates and timing among White, Chinese American, and Japanese American women. An accelerated time model estimates the duration until marriage for each racial-ethic group while controlling for nativity, education, birth cohort, ancestry, and English proficiency. Results show that White women have the shortest duration until marriage, with a smaller percentage remaining never married. Chinese American and Japanese American women delay first marriage longer and have higher percentages of never married women.
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Dunn, Kerri F. y Gloria Cowan. "Social Influence Strategies Among Japanese and American College Women". Psychology of Women Quarterly 17, n.º 1 (marzo de 1993): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00675.x.

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Social influence strategies of 40 Japanese and 41 American college women were compared. With the use of a free-response format, respondents were asked to describe how they get their way with their mother, father, male teacher/boss, female teacher/boss, male friends, and female friends. Contrary to expectations, content analysis indicated that Japanese women reported using strong and neutral strategies more frequently and weak strategies less frequently than American women. American women used manipulation (especially sexual manipulation) more frequently and reasoning less frequently than Japanese women. Analyses by target of influence indicated that these differences were not found when the target was a female friend but were demonstrated across most of the other targets.
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Thompson, Catherine A. y Donald W. Klopf. "Social Style among North American, Finnish, Japanese, and Korean University Students". Psychological Reports 77, n.º 1 (agosto de 1995): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.77.1.60.

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Using Richmond and McCroskey's Assertiveness-Responsiveness Measure, scores of Finnish (86 men, 144 women), Japanese (124 men, 116 women), Korean (34 men, 20 women), and North American (144 men, 108 women) university students were compared. The Americans' scores indicated that their group was significantly more assertive than were the participants from the other countries. The Korean men scored as more responsive than the other men, the North American men more assertive, and the American women as more responsive than all other men and women.
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Morling, Beth, Shinobu Kitayama y Yuri Miyamoto. "American and Japanese Women Use Different Coping Strategies During Normal Pregnancy". Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2003): 1533–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167203256878.

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Gage, Lois W. y Yuzuru J. Takeshita. "Coping with Stress in a Cross Cultural Setting". AAOHN Journal 44, n.º 6 (junio de 1996): 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507999604400605.

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The purpose of this pilot study was to compare the psychosocial distress of Japanese auto workers with that of the American employees working in a Japanese managed plant, to describe mediating factors related to their distress, and recommend interventions. Japanese and American workers and spouses responded to five questionnaires and two open ended questions about changes in health, function, and time, and needs, problems, and recommendations for stress reduction. Japanese men had higher General Health Questionnaire scores than American workers. Psychosocial distress was related to work self confidence and individual responsibility for Japanese men, with social support for Japanese women, and with individual responsibility for American men and women. Stress was related to communication problems and misunderstanding about the management practices and cultural norms. Culturally appropriate worksite and community interventions are discussed.
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Kuroki, Yusuke. "Comparison of Suicide Rates Among Asian Americans in 2000 and 2010". OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 77, n.º 4 (26 de noviembre de 2016): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222816678425.

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This brief report used the mortality data to separately examine suicide rates of the six largest Asian American groups: Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese. In 2000, Japanese American men (13.8 per 100,000) showed significantly higher suicide rate than Chinese, Indian, and Vietnamese American men (7.3, 4.0, and 6.1 per 100,000), whereas Chinese, Korean, and Japanese women (3.7, 3.9, and 4.3 per 100,000) showed higher suicide rates than Indian women (1.2 per 100,000). In 2010, Korean and Japanese American men (19.9 and 15.7 per 100,000) showed higher suicide rates than men of other Asian groups. Korean and Japanese American women (8.1 and 5.0 per 100,000) showed higher suicide rates than Indian and Filipino American women (1.5 and 1.8 per 100,000). The findings challenge the notion that Asian Americans are at low risk for suicide and underscore the importance of examining ethnic variation in suicide behaviors among Asian Americans.
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Fields, Marjory Diana. "Women in American Labour Movement". International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 3, n.º 2 (julio de 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2019070104.

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In this article, the author examines the history of exclusion and sex-based discrimination against U.S. women workers seeking to join unions established by men. The author describes how groups of women and girls working in fabric mills in the 19th Century took strike action against work speed up and increased production requirements, making demands for higher wages, equal pay with men, improved working conditions, clean water, health care and time off. Then, in the early 20th century, women teachers formed their own unions to gain increased pay and pension plans, and for social justice. These unions continue to the present seeking also social justice and exercising political power.
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Sato, Takahiro y Samuel R. Hodge. "Japanese Exchange Students’ Academic and Social Struggles at an American University". Journal of International Students 5, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2015): 208–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v5i3.417.

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The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the views of exchange students from Asia about their academic and social experiences at an American university. The participants were eight exchange students from Japan (four men and four women). This study was descriptive-qualitative (Patton, 2002). The data sources were a demographic survey and two semi-structured interviews conducted during the participants’ study abroad sojourn. The interview data were analyzed using the constant comparative method (Merriam, 1998). The emergent themes were (a) social distance contributes to academic struggles, (b) collectivism positioned against individualism, (c) isolation in group discussions, and (d) professors’ negativity. We include recommendations aimed at improving international students’ academic and social experiences at American universities.
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Xu Lu, Sidney. "Good women for empire: educating overseas female emigrants in imperial Japan, 1900–45". Journal of Global History 8, n.º 3 (2 de octubre de 2013): 436–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022813000363.

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AbstractThis article examines two tutelage campaigns launched by Japanese social reformers targeting Japanese emigrant women in Manchuria and California in the first two decades of the twentieth century. It reveals how these two middle-class-based social campaigns jointly paved the way for the Japanese state's ‘continental bride’ policy in the late 1930s, which mobilized and exported women from across the nation to Manchuria on an unprecedented scale. Synthesizing the stories of Japan's colonialism in Manchuria and Japanese labour migration to the American Pacific coast, this study traces the convergence and flows between the women's education campaigns in Japanese communities on both sides of the Pacific. It moves the debate of Japanese imperialism beyond Asia and situates it in a transnational space encompassing the local, the national, and the global.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Japanese american women – social conditions"

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Lam, Alice. "Equal employment opportunities for Japanese women : changing company practice". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/126/.

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The central aim of this thesis is to examine the extent to which the growing pressures for equal opportunity between the sexes has forced Japanese companies to adapt and modify their employment and personnel management practices in recent years. It analyses the major social and economic factors prompting Japanese companies to adopt more open employment policies towards women since the mid-1970s and the change programmes introduced by management. The thesis especially looks at how companies have reacted to the 1985 Equal Employment Opportunity Law and in the light of this considers how far the present legislation will bring about fundamental changes in the Japanese employment system towards more egalitarian treatment of women workers. A detailed case study was conducted at Seibu Department Stores Ltd., both before and after the introduction of the EEO Law, as a critical test of the possibility of introducing equal opportunities for women in a large Japanese company. Seibu was chosen because it is a big employer of women and is a company operating in an industry which has strong economic and- commercial incentives to offer women better career opportunities. All the more important, Seibu is regarded as a 'leading edge' company in personnel management reforms. The study reveals that despite many economic and social reasons that were in favour of change towards greater sexual equality in Seibu, and especially after the introduction of the EEO Law, change towards more egalitarian treatment of women has been very limited. This study illustrates the depth of the resistance to change in the core employment practices in large Japanese companies. The present EEO Law has little potential for undermining the structural mechanisms which perpetúate sexual job segregation in the employment system. The final part of the thesis speculates on the future prospects of introducing equal opportunities for women in Japanese companies. In the light of the present socio-legal constraints, the author puts forward a number of practical policy suggestions for engendering more pervasive long-term changes towards equal employment for Japanese women.
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Lau, Sum-yin y 劉心硏. "Escape, exploration and pursuit: Japanese women working in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31221191.

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Burton, Erika del Pilar. "Women Rule, But Do They Make A Difference? Women in Politics, Social Policy and Social Conditions in Latin America". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1860.

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Since the transitions to democracy in Latin America, women in the region have undergone major changes in their roles in society. From traditionally only present in the home to participating in collective action efforts, and finally participating at increasing numbers in governments, women have made incredible strides in the Latin American region. Latin American countries have successfully advocated for the inclusion of women in government, but few studies in academia focus on determining whether their inclusion has made a difference in government processes or in society. Borrowing from the literature positing that women are behaviorally different from men as well as their identification with motherhood and as wives in their collective action efforts in Latin America, I argue that women have different concerns from men both outside and inside of the public sphere and therefore make a difference in government with regards to policy priorities and government budget allocations. Studying 18 Latin American countries, I find that there is a gender gap in public opinion, which demonstrates that women are more concerned with social welfare matters than men. I also find that female concerns are carried into their behavior once in government as observed by female legislators’ heightened support for social welfare policies. Furthermore, I find that women in legislatures affect government behavior differently from their male counterparts as observed with female legislators’ positive effects on the allocation of the budget towards social welfare areas.
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Lopez-Damian, Judith y University of Lethbridge Faculty of Education. "Narratives of Latino-American immigrant women's experiences". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Education, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/732.

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This thesis explores the immigration experiences of five Latino-American women who reside in Lethbridge, Alberta. Rather than using interviews as a research protocol, the author used conversation as a tool to explore the narratives of these women’s experiences. Four of the five told their story in Spanish, and after transcribing the conversations, the author used critical inquiry to find common ground between the women’s narratives and her own immigration experiences. This thesis explores topics such as belonging and connections to different communities and how these women use stories of change and continuity in constructing their identities. Language, employment, recognition of previous education as well as separation from their families and support networks were the main difficulties identified. As anticipated, these women accessed federally funded and provincially delivered immigrant settlement services, such as ESL classes. While hesitant to use formal counselling, three of the women accessed these services for gendered matters such as spousal abuse. Relationships based on kinship were crucial resources and central to their narratives as was church, which provided both a familiar and significant source of community and support. This study found that when using conversation the researcher establishes relationships with the participants, other writers/academics, as well as the readers. Thus this thesis suggests that narrative research is fundamentally a relational activity. In this context stories are considered gifts, and the exchange of gifts an important aspect of research design. The narratives were shaped by, and interpreted in light of, various contextual factors such as the women’s relationships with the researcher, and their individual as well as socio-cultural and historical circumstances. The five women who participated in this research were found through community networking, and had some familiarity with counselling–either as service recipients or a professional connection–circumstances which shaped their willingness to participate as well as the stories they narrated about their immigration experiences. In constructing the narratives of their past experiences, from the vantage point of the present, the women emphasize gratitude to Canada and only subtly allude to issues such as racism or stereotyping.
viii, 170 leaves ; 29 cm. --
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Rice-Snow, Jennifer L. "Embracing complexity : an analysis of gender status in South American societies". Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1133727.

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This study analyzes the status of women and men in eight South American societies, as reported in ethnographies. It uses a multidimensional model of status, examined in two aspects (distribution of economic goods and child care), and compares women's and men's resulting status configurations within societies and among them. Overall, women's statuses are highest in the domestic domain and lowest in the political public area for both variables. Men have high statuses in all areas of distribution, especially the public. Women generally have less choice than men do in their participation in both variables. An important outcome of this study is a method for analyzing qualitative information in context, allowing the researcher to present analysis in as much context as is appropriate, then display the results in a comparable form. This thesis also includes status flexibility, an innovation which allows presentation of the range of statuses for women and men.
Department of Anthropology
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Williams, Andrew Lewayne. "Attitudes of African American women toward marriage-related issues". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2433.

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This study presents results from a survey of 108 African American women. Survey questions covered attitudes towards marriage, qualities of an ideal spouse, and opinions of African American men in general.
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Mejia, Angie Pamela. "Las Pioneras : New Immigrant Destinations and the Gendered Experiences of Latina Immigrants". PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1910.

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Are experiences with migration affecting culturally specific gendered practices, roles, attitudes, and ideologies of Mexican women and men? Which experiences reinforce patriarchy? Which experiences transform patriarchy? This thesis proposes that Mexican immigrant women will subscribe to and enact different gendered behaviors depending upon their perception of gendered gains. Various factors, such as time of arrival, previous experiences with negative machismos, and workforce participation affect how they construct gendered identities. The context where bargaining occurs-whether itwas the home, the community, or the workplace - inform women of what strategies they need implement in order to negotiate with patriarchy. This study employs two models, Deniz Kandiyoti's concept of the patriarchal bargain and Sylvya Walby' s theoretical position of patriarchy fomenting unique gender inequalities within different contexts, to process the different ways Mexican immigrant women perceive and perform gender. The author analyzed data collected from participant observation activities, focus groups, and interviews with women of Mexican descent living in new immigrant destinations. Mexican immigrant women's narratives of negotiations and transformations with male partners indicated equal adherence of traditional and nontraditional gendered behaviors in order to build satisfactory patriarchal bargains. In addition, data suggested that identity formation was the outcome of migratory influences; it also indicated that progressive ideas about gender were salient before migrating to the U.S .. Findings also suggested that reassured masculine identities, due to the stable work options open to Mexican immigrant males in this area, became a factor in the emergence and adherence of distinct gendered attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions by women in this study.
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Berry, Marla Diane. "Ethnicity, ethnic identity and emotional dependence on men as predictors of silencing the self". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1717.

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DeMayo, Jennifer Caye. "A Study of African American Women and their Perceptions of Life in Utah". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1992. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTAF,36713.

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Pugh-Patton, Danette Marie. "Images and lyrics: Representations of African American women in blues lyrics written by black women". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3235.

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The purpose of this thesis is to examine to what extent representations of double jeopardy and the stereotypical images of African American females: Mammy, Matriarch, Sapphire, and Strong Black Woman emerge in the blues lyrics of Alberta Hunter, Gertrude "Ma" Rainy, Memphis Minnie, and Victoria Spivey, using the theoretical framework of Black feminist rhetorical critique. The findings in this research entail several meanings regarding the lives of African American women during the 1920s and 1930s. Representations of racism, sexism, and classism also appear in the theme of relationships with various subthemes. The focus of this study is to explore the evolution of Black music and examine the role women have played in both the development and advancement of the blues genre. Additionally, the study will explore various concepts of cultural identity development in order to establish the process of how identity is constructed and negotiated in African Americans specifically African American women.
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Libros sobre el tema "Japanese american women – social conditions"

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Steel butterflies: Japanese women and the American experience. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998.

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Glenn, Evelyn Nakano. Issei, Nisei, war bride: Three generations of Japanese American women in domestic service. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.

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Shimada, Noriko. Shashin hanayome sensō hanayome no tadotta michi: Josei iminshi no hakkutsu = Crossing the ocean : a new look at the history of Japanese picture brides and war brides. 8a ed. Tōkyō: Akashi Shoten, 2009.

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Shimada, Noriko. Shashin hanayome sensō hanayome no tadotta michi: Josei iminshi no hakkutsu = Crossing the ocean : a new look at the history of Japanese picture brides and war brides. 8a ed. Tōkyō: Akashi Shoten, 2009.

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Shimada, Noriko. Shashin hanayome sensō hanayome no tadotta michi: Josei iminshi no hakkutsu = Crossing the ocean : a new look at the history of Japanese picture brides and war brides. 8a ed. Tōkyō: Akashi Shoten, 2009.

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Shimada, Noriko. Shashin hanayome sensō hanayome no tadotta michi: Josei iminshi no hakkutsu = Crossing the ocean : a new look at the history of Japanese picture brides and war brides. 8a ed. Tōkyō: Akashi Shoten, 2009.

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Shimada, Noriko. Shashin hanayome sensō hanayome no tadotta michi: Josei iminshi no hakkutsu = Crossing the ocean : a new look at the history of Japanese picture brides and war brides. 8a ed. Tōkyō: Akashi Shoten, 2009.

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Mori, Kyoko. Polite lies: On being a woman caught between cultures. New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1997.

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Mori, Kyoko. Polite lies: On being a woman caught between cultures. New York: Ballantine Publishing Group, 1999.

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Yasutake, Rumi. Transnational women's activism: The United States, Japan, and Japanese immigrant communities in California, 1859-1920. New York: New York University Press, 2004.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Japanese american women – social conditions"

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Jarty, Julie y Karina Batthyány. "Recent Evolutions of Gender, State Feminism and Care Models in Latin America and Europe". En Towards a Comparative Analysis of Social Inequalities between Europe and Latin America, 361–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48442-2_12.

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AbstractThis chapter presents and characterises the way in which, in the twenty-first century, after years of feminist struggles inside and outside of institutions, gender relations are organised in the different countries of the INCASI project (on the European side, Spain, Italy, Finland, France and the United Kingdom, on the side of the South American Southern Cone, Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay). It pays special attention to the implementation of feminist issues on political agendas, and in particular the assignment of women to unpaid care work—an aspect of the power continuum that we look to relate to other aspects. Gradually and for almost a century all countries in both continents have granted women the status of subjects, citizens and employees. However, the conditions, challenges and timelines of this process differ considerably from one continent to another, so they need to be addressed separately. The neoliberal era did not have the same impact in Europe as it did in South America (nor was it exactly the same between particular European countries or among South American ones).
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Matsuda, Mari. "Japanese American Progressives". En Trans-Pacific Japanese American Studies. University of Hawai'i Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824847586.003.0015.

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Mari Matsuda is a third-generation Okinawan/Japanese American progressive. In this chapter, she intertwines family history with Japanese American political, intellectual, and social history to describe the trajectory of left-wing activism in the Nikkei community. Far from the stereotype model minority, the Issei, Nisei, and Sansei radicals described here were outspoken risk takers. Matsuda uses this history to ask a question of contemporary relevance: what are the conditions under which immigrant communities will rise up in organized challenge to conditions of subordination? She considers the role of, among other things, literacy, Marx, trained organizers, strategic goals, cultural production, and multi-racial coalition in shaping three generations of progressive politics in Japanese/Okinawan-American lives.
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Tsuda, Takeyuki. "Japanese American Taiko and the Remaking of Tradition". En Japanese American Ethnicity. NYU Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479821785.003.0007.

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This chapter analyzes how later-generation Japanese Americans have enthusiastically embraced taiko in an attempt to recover their cultural heritage, as well as how they have remade and reinvented the form for contemporary ethnic purposes in their local communities. It interrogates the nature of “tradition” by examining how Japanese American taiko differs from taiko as practiced in Japan. The chapter also points out that Japanese American taiko is highly performative, allowing for improvised modifications and spontaneous innovations. Therefore, the desire to reclaim ethnic heritage involves not just the reenactment of ancient cultural traditions but their active recreation in the present to reflect the contemporary social conditions under which Japanese Americans live.
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Ueunten, Wesley. "Nakayoshi Group". En Trans-Pacific Japanese American Studies. University of Hawai'i Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824847586.003.0010.

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This chapter is based on participant observations and interviews with Okinawan women who immigrated to the U.S. after World War II as wives of Americans men who had been stationed in Okinawa as part of the U.S. military presence there. The women, most in their 70s and 80s, were part of a small social group that gathered monthly to sing Okinawan and Japanese karaoke. The focus of the study is the agency of the women to recover and define their Okinawan identity in opposition to their marginalized positions within the context of Okinawa’s dual geopolitical subordination to Japan and the U.S.
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Geiger, Andrea. "Negotiating the Boundaries of Race, Caste, and Mibun". En Trans-Pacific Japanese American Studies. University of Hawai'i Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824847586.003.0007.

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Cultural attitudes rooted in the Tokugawa-era status system (mibunsei) provided an interpretive framework for the race-based hostility Meiji-era Japanese encountered in the United States and Canada, informing the discursive strategies of Meiji diplomats who sought to refute the claims of anti-Japanese exclusionists by distinguishing Japanese labor migrants from themselves, aiding in the reproduction of Japanese as an excludable category when anti-Japanese elements turned their arguments against all Japanese. Concerns about social hierarchy and the significance of historical status categories (mibun), including cultural taboos associated with outcaste status, also mediated the responses of Meiji immigrants to conditions they encountered on both sides of the Canada-U.S. border, including white racism and job opportunities. Japanese immigrant negotiations of race and identity in the North American West can be fully understood only by also considering mibun, in addition to more the familiar paradigms of race, class, and gender, in analyzing Meiji-era Japanese immigration history.
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Donzé, Pierre-Yves y Julia S. Yongue. "Industrial Capitalism in a Changing Social and Geopolitical Environment (1895–1930)". En Japanese Capitalism and Entrepreneurship, 66–87. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192887474.003.0005.

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Abstract Chapter 4 examines the rise of industrial capitalism between 1895 and 1930 in a context of significant changes in business and society. Entrepreneurship combined with the channelling of resources into specific areas led to the creation of new businesses at an unprecedented rate. Many left the countryside for cities in search of factory employment. Women were a significant source of labour, though working conditions and wages relative to men were poor. They also played an important role as consumers, as shown in the case study of Shiseido. Rapid industrial growth had significant social consequences, including labour unrest and the formation of a labour movement. Booms and busts in the Japanese economy, caused by the changing geopolitical context, also had a marked impact on business. Shocks—ranging from wars and changes in monetary policy to the Great Kanto Earthquake and the disastrous effects of the fall of Suzuki Shōten on the nascent banking system—created an increasingly volatile business climate, especially for SMEs. For the major zaibatsu, however, the situation provided opportunities. Indeed, by 1930 they had succeeded in taking control of most of the domestic economy. The buds of the Japanese Business System emerged for white collar workers at large enterprises, which came in the wake of severe labour shortages during boom periods, export growth, and preparations for war.
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Blankenship, Anne M. "Building Churches behind Barbed Wire". En Christianity, Social Justice, and the Japanese American Incarceration During World War II. University of North Carolina Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469629209.003.0004.

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Chapter Three focuses on Seattle’s Japanese American and white pastors who worked at Minidoka incarceration center. They fashioned sacred space in bare, overcrowded barracks, helped Nikkei resettle outside of the camp, and tried to raise the camp’s morale in addition to their usual pastoral duties. Catholic priests protested the limits of religious liberty in the camps, while Protestants attempted to form ecumenical churches. Some men and women in the camps revelled in what they believed was a spiritually superior united church, while others refused to redefine denominational boundaries as dictated by white authorities. Generational barriers, a constantly shifting population, and material limitations challenged pastors to develop innovative strategies.
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8

Kyan, Winston C. "American Buddhism and Visual Culture". En The Oxford Handbook of American Buddhism, 483–98. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197539033.013.24.

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Abstract This chapter explores the diversity of American Buddhism through the wide lens of visual culture, which takes all images as social facts. Accordingly, it situates a broad understanding of American Buddhist visual culture in a chronology of key moments in the practice and reception of American Buddhism. The result is a restitutive overview that brings the Buddhist temples and altars of Chinese and Japanese immigrants into the spotlight given to European American Buddhist converts, juxtaposes the Buddhism-inspired contemporary art practices of women and Blacks with the compositions of the New York avant-garde, and positions mass media representations of Buddhist monks on TV and in cartoons alongside conceptual film and video installations.
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Frazier, Jessica M. "Connecting U.S. Intervention with Social Injustice, 1970–1972". En Women's Antiwar Diplomacy during the Vietnam War Era. University of North Carolina Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469631790.003.0006.

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After peace talks began in Paris, the female delegation of Nguyen Thi Binh, foreign minister of the Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG) of South Viet Nam, spearheaded people's diplomatic efforts as Binh’s own poised, determined, and feminine presence on the world stage inspired countless women around the world. Complementing the PRG women's efforts, U.S. women activists continued to travel to Viet Nam—both North and South. The context of American women's activism had shifted in two significant ways, however. First, the incarceration of Vietnamese political prisoners in South Viet Nam in "tiger cages" came to light in July 1970. Second, the context of growing feminist sentiment colored the views of women peace activists. The U.S. military's complicity in the deplorable prison conditions in the South led women peace activists to perceive social inequalities in the United States as they also noted the distinguished positions of women in North Viet Nam. They came to describe Vietnamese women in the North as having gained "liberation" and claimed South Vietnamese society had actually deteriorated because of U.S. intervention.
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Weng, Yueh-Hsuan. "A Comparative Data Protection Analysis of Healthcare Robots: On Informed Consent in Human-Robot Interaction". En Social Robots in Social Institutions. IOS Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia220609.

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As societies across the developed world are dealing with problems associated with aging populations, a promising solution in the form robotics technologies that support elderly people in their daily healthcare has emerged. However, emerging technology are like a double-edge sword. Although healthcare robots can be used for elderly and disabled people with different levels of assistive supports, ie by monitoring their real time health for prompt interaction or by communicating with people to reduce their anxiety, they also bring with them many concerns from an ethical, legal and societal perspective. Among them, one serious issue is privacy and data protection. When healthcare robots are powered by machine learning and distributed databases, “data-driven” networked healthcare robots will be able to gather a huge amount of personal data in physical environments through their interactions with humans. There are several alternative approaches of data protection for “data-driven” networked healthcare robots, including privacy by design, de-identification of data and informed consent. In this article our focus is on the issue of informed consent in human-robot interaction. My argument is that specific conditions of intelligent robots (i.e., embodiment) will mean that the principle of informed consent cannot just be copied and applied to “data-driven” networked healthcare robots. I will make the comparison of the two types of informed consent to clarify our targeted “informed consent in human-robot interaction”. Furthermore, there is a need to discuss potential legal conflicts of this new type of informed consent when it is applied to different countries and their respective legal regimes. Hence, in this article I will conduct a comparative legal analysis of European, American and Japanese data protection law to investigate how such differences might influence the implementation of informed consent to data-driven healthcare robots.
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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Japanese american women – social conditions"

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Mahmood, Snoor y Shokhan Fatah. "“I’m Cold All the Time Anyway”: A Psycho-Feminist Study of Marsha Norman’s ’Night, Mother". En 3rd International Conference on Language and Education. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/iclangedu2023/paper.951.

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This article is an inter-disciplinary study of Marsh Norman’s ‘Night, Mother. Marsha Norman is an American playwright who is famous for addressing the dilemmas of women in her writings. Female characters in her plays are generally depicted as victims of their societies. They are situated in a place in which they are powerless and helpless about improving their own conditions. This study aims at exposing the psychological suffering of the main character in relation to the socially imposed standards of living. According to different theories of feminist critics such as Kate Millet, Luce Irigary, Jane Stoppard, and psycho feminist theories of Nancy Chodorow, in addition to going back to the science of psychology, it shows that the life of women is predetermined by social values and norms. It also shows that the kind of life assigned to women based on their gender roles and feminine duty is the factor behind women’s psychological anguish and self-destructive decisions, such as committing suicide.
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2

Micalizzi, Lauren y Rachel Gunn. "Cannabis Use in Pregnancy". En 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.39.

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Concern for adverse effects of prenatal cannabis use (PCU) is warranted. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends refraining from PCU, because Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) crosses the placenta at approximately 10% of maternal levels, which can result in adverse offspring outcomes. Little is known about patterns and contexts of PCU; to advance this effort, 64 pregnant women who use cannabis were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk for a study of PCU thoughts and behaviors. Women were, on average, 22 years of age (range 22-49); mean income was ~$44,000 (range $0-$150,000). 53.3% of respondents were in the first trimester, 43.3% were in the second and 3.4% were in the third. Polysubstance use was common; 25% reported prenatal alcohol use and 64% reported prenatal tobacco use. Approximately 40% reported using about the same amount of cannabis as before pregnancy. Regarding availability and patterns, approximately 44% indicated that cannabis was “somewhat” or “very” easy to get. Women in the third trimester reported the most frequent PCU. Across all trimesters, the majority of women reported using cannabis with roughly equal parts THC and cannabidiol and PCU primarily consisted of consumption of leaf and concentrates. The most common modes of administration were joints in the first trimester and hand pipes in the second and third trimesters. On a typical PCU day, approximately 70% of participants reported consuming ¼ gram of flower or less, 73% reported taking 5 or fewer hits of concentrates, and 85% reported ingesting 10 milligrams of THC or less in edibles. PCU among social networks was prevalent; over 50% reported that their spouse/partner used cannabis during their pregnancy and approximately 80% reported that a few, several, or most of their family and friends use cannabis. Regarding contexts, during a typical week, women reported PCU in their homes (alone [30%], with others [54.7%]), at friends’ or family members’ homes (alone [28%], with others [39%]), in bars/nightclubs/restaurants/breweries (alone [30%], with others [34%]), as well as outdoors (alone [34%], with others [33%]), at work (alone [34%], with others [36%]), at school (alone [23%], with others [36%]), in the car (alone [31%], with others [36%]) or elsewhere (alone [23%], with others [39%]). PCU was perceived as ‘highly effective’ (as reported by 75-95%) at managing nausea, distress (anxiety, depression), and physical discomfort (e.g., backaches). Perceived harm of PCU was low, more than half of participants believed PCU would harm the fetus (~60%) or herself (~64%) “not at all” or “a little.” In conclusion, polysubstance use, particularly tobacco use, is common among women who use cannabis during pregnancy. Although quantity of PCU consumption was relatively low in our sample, any amount is concerning and may have negative impact on the developing fetus. The majority of women’s social networks used cannabis and, in all contexts (with the exception of outdoor use), PCU was typically in the company of others. Perceived efficacy of PCU for symptom modulation was high across a variety of conditions, and risk perceptions were low, both of which may result in riskier use trajectories.
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