Artículos de revistas: "Isolation du cycle CPU"

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Chenoweth, M. R., G. A. Somerville, D. C. Krause, K. L. O'Reilly y F. C. Gherardini. "Growth Characteristics of Bartonella henselae in a Novel Liquid Medium: Primary Isolation, Growth-Phase-Dependent Phage Induction, and Metabolic Studies". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, n.º 2 (febrero de 2004): 656–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.2.656-663.2004.

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ABSTRACT Bartonella henselae is a zoonotic pathogen that usually causes a self-limiting infection in immunocompetent individuals but often causes potentially life-threatening infections, such as bacillary angiomatosis, in immunocompromised patients. Both diagnosis of infection and research into the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis have been hindered by the absence of a suitable liquid growth medium. It has been difficult to isolate B. henselae directly from the blood of infected humans or animals or to grow the bacteria in liquid culture media under laboratory conditions. Therefore, we have developed a liquid growth medium that supports reproducible in vitro growth (3-h doubling time and a growth yield of approximately 5 × 108 CFU/ml) and permits the isolation of B. henselae from the blood of infected cats. During the development of this medium, we observed that B. henselae did not derive carbon and energy from the catabolism of glucose, which is consistent with genome nucleotide sequence data suggesting an incomplete glycolytic pathway. Of interest, B. henselae depleted amino acids from the culture medium and accumulated ammonia in the medium, an indicator of amino acid catabolism. Analysis of the culture medium throughout the growth cycle revealed that oxygen was consumed and carbon dioxide was generated, suggesting that amino acids were catabolized in a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-dependent mechanism. Additionally, phage particles were detected in the culture supernatants of stationary-phase B. henselae, but not in mid-logarithmic-phase culture supernatants. Enzymatic assays of whole-cell lysates revealed that B. henselae has a complete TCA cycle. Taken together, these data suggest B. henselae may catabolize amino acids but not glucose to derive carbon and energy from its host. Furthermore, the newly developed culture medium should improve isolation of B. henselae and basic research into the pathogenesis of the bacterium.

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Wagner, JE, D. Collins, S. Fuller, LR Schain, AE Berson, C. Almici, MA Hall, KE Chen, TB Okarma y JS Lebkowski. "Isolation of small, primitive human hematopoietic stem cells: distribution of cell surface cytokine receptors and growth in SCID-Hu mice". Blood 86, n.º 2 (15 de julio de 1995): 512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v86.2.512.bloodjournal862512.

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Human CD34+ cells were subfractionated into three size classes using counterflow centrifugal elutriation followed by immunoadsorption to polystyrene cell separation devices. The three CD34+ cell fractions (Fr), Fr 25/29, Fr 33/37, and Fr RO, had mean sizes of 8.5, 9.3 and 13.5 microns, respectively. The majority of cells in the large Fr RO CD34+ cell population expressed the committed stage antigens CD33, CD19, CD38, or HLA-DR and contained the majority of granulocyte- macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM), burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), and CFU-mixed lineage (GEMM). In contrast, the small Fr 25/29 CD34+ cells were devoid of committed cell surface antigens and lacked colony-forming activity. When seeded to allogeneic stroma, Fr RO CD34+ cells produced few CFU-GM at week 5, whereas cells from the Fr 25/29 CD34+ cell population showed a 30- to 55-fold expansion of myeloid progenitors at this same time point. Furthermore, CD34+ cells from each size fraction supported ontogeny of T cells in human thymus/liver grafts in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Upon cell cycle analyses, greater than 97% of the Fr 25/29 CD34+ cells were in G0/G1 phase, whereas greater proportions of the two larger CD34+ cell fractions were in active cell cycle. Binding of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-3, IL-6, stem cell factor (SCF), macrophage inhibitory protein (MIP)-1 alpha, granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF to these CD34+ cell populations was also analyzed by flow cytometry. As compared with the larger CD34+ cell fractions, cells in the small Fr 25/29 CD34+ cell population possessed the highest numbers of receptors for SCF, MIP1 alpha, and IL-1 alpha. Collectively, these results indicate that the Fr 25/29 CD34+ cell is a very primitive, quiescent progenitor cell population possessing a high number of receptors for SCF and MIP1 alpha and capable of yielding both myeloid and lymphoid lineages when placed in appropriate in vitro or in vivo culture conditions.

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Vuddhakul, Varaporn, Toshihiro Nakai, Chiho Matsumoto, Takanori Oh, Takeshi Nishino, Chien-Hsien Chen, Mitsuaki Nishibuchi y Jun Okuda. "Analysis of gyrB and toxRGene Sequences of Vibrio hollisae and Development ofgyrB- and toxR-Targeted PCR Methods for Isolation of V. hollisae from the Environment and Its Identification". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, n.º 8 (1 de agosto de 2000): 3506–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.8.3506-3514.2000.

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ABSTRACT Isolation of Vibrio hollisae strains, particularly from the environment, is rare. This may be due, in part, to the difficulty encountered when using conventional biochemical tests to identify the microorganism. In this study, we evaluated whether two particular genes may be useful for the identification of V. hollisae. The two genes are presumed to be conserved among the bacterial species (gyrB) or among the species of the genus Vibrio(toxR). A portion of the gyrB sequence ofV. hollisae was cloned by PCR using a set of degenerate primers. The sequence showed 80% identity with the correspondingVibrio parahaemolyticus gyrB sequence. The toxRgene of V. hollisae was cloned utilizing a htpGgene probe derived from the V. parahaemolyticus htpG gene, which is known to be linked to the toxR gene in V. hollisae. The coding sequence of the cloned V. hollisae toxR gene had 59% identity with the V. parahaemolyticus toxR coding sequence. The results of DNA colony hybridization tests using the DNA probes derived from the two genes of V. hollisae indicated that these gene sequences could be utilized for differentiation of V. hollisae from otherVibrio species and from microorganisms found in marine fish. PCR methods targeting the two gene sequences were established. Both PCR methods were shown to specifically detect the respective target sequences of V. hollisae but not other organisms. A strain of V. hollisae added at a concentration of 1 to 102 CFU/ml to alkaline peptone water containing a seafood sample could be detected by a 4-h enrichment incubation in alkaline peptone water at 37°C followed by quick DNA extraction with an extraction kit and 35-cycle PCR specific for the V. hollisae toxR gene. We conclude that screening of seafood samples by this 35-cycle, V. hollisae toxR-specific PCR, followed by isolation on a differential medium and identification by the abovehtpG- and toxR-targeted PCR methods, can be useful for isolation from the environment and identification ofV. hollisae.

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Nilsson-Jaras, Marcus, Anna Edqvist, Johan Rebetz, Bengt Widegren, Stefan Karlsson y Xiaolong Fan. "Isolation and Characterization of Living Cord Blood CD34+ Cells with Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) Expression." Blood 104, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2004): 3559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.3559.3559.

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Abstract In the hematopoietic system, telomerase activity is suggested to be differentiation- and proliferation status-dependent. High telomerase activity has been demonstrated in bulk CD34+ progenitor cells. The telomerase activity is mainly controlled at the transcriptional level of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene. In this study, we functionally characterized living cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells with TERT promoter activity by using a TERT reporting adenoviral vector with Ad35 tropism. Such fiber retargeted Ad5F35 vectors allow efficient gene transfer into hematopoietic cells by using the ubiquitously expressed CD46 as a cellular receptor. An adenoviral vector (cTERTdGFP) encoding destabilized EGFP (half-life of 2 hours) under the control of the human TERT promoter and the chicken b-like globin gene insulator was constructed. The background expression of GFP from cTERTdGFP was assessed in the telomerase(−) CB CD15/33+ cells, WI-38 cells and fibroblast cells. Less than 3 percent of these cell types expressed low levels of GFP following transduction with cTERTdGFP in comparison to the control vector Ad5F35-GFP (PGK-promoter) transduced cells (78 to 95% expressed GFP). Under similar conditions, more than 95% of the telomerase(+) A549 cells expressed GFP+ following the cTERTdGFP vector transduction. Therefore, the cTERTdGFP vector allowed d2GFP expression in a telomerase activity-dependent manner. Telomerase activity levels were quantified using the TRAP assay. All transductions were performed at an MOI of 100. The CB CD34+ cells were cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with thrombopoietin. When transduced with the Ad5F35-GFP vector at an MOI of 100, 47±6.7% of the CD34+ cells expressed GFP after two days, while 17±4.3% of the cells expressed GFP following the cTERTdGFP vector transduction. Sorted GFP+ cells following transduction with the cTERTdGFP (TERT sorted) or the Ad5F35-GFP (control sorted) vector were assessed for cell cycle distribution, colony forming capacity and repopulating capacity. Staining for the Ki-67 antigen and 7-AAD revealed that the TERT sorted cells had a greater proportion of cells in the S/G2/M phase of the cell cycle compared to the control sorted cells (55±1.2% versus 37±3.6%, p<0.01), and fewer cells in G0 phase (8.7±2.3% versus 21±3.7%, p<0.05). The colony forming capacity of TERT- and control-sorted cells was similar. Fourteen days following plating of 500 TERT sorted cells, 99±28 BFU-E and 59±18 CFU-G/M colonies were scored compared to the control sorted cells that formed 92±28 BFU-E and 59±11 CFU-G/M colonies. To further assess whether the TERT expressing cells contained repopulating primitive progenitor cells, 1x105 TERT sorted cells were transplanted via tail vein injection into NOD/SCIDBeta2m−/− mice. Human cell reconstitution in the bone marrow was examined at 6 weeks post-transplant in two independent experiments. The TERT sorted cells showed an average of 34±18% (n=9) engraftment with both B- and myeloid-lineage differentiation. Similar engraftment was observed for control sorted cells (35±11%, n=8). In summary, the cTERTdGFP vector allowed isolation of single living primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells with TERT expression. This cell population is enriched for cells in the S/G2/M phase of cell cycle and contains colony-forming progenitor cells and NOD/SCIDBeta2m−/− repopulating progenitor cells.

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Zannettino, Andrew C. W., Hans-Jörg Bühring, Silvana Niutta, Suzanne M. Watt, M. Ann Benton y Paul J. Simmons. "The Sialomucin CD164 (MGC-24v) Is an Adhesive Glycoprotein Expressed by Human Hematopoietic Progenitors and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells That Serves as a Potent Negative Regulator of Hematopoiesis". Blood 92, n.º 8 (15 de octubre de 1998): 2613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.8.2613.

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Abstract Mucin-like molecules represent an emerging family of cell surface glycoproteins expressed by cells of the hematopoietic system. We report the isolation of a cDNA clone that encodes a novel transmembrane isoform of the mucin-like glycoprotein MGC-24, expressed by both hematopoietic progenitor cells and elements of the bone marrow (BM) stroma. This molecule was clustered as CD164 at the recent workshop on human leukocyte differentiation antigens. CD164 was identified using a retroviral expression cloning strategy and two novel monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reagents, 103B2/9E10 and 105.A5. Both antibodies detected CD164/MGC-24v protein expression by BM stroma and subpopulations of the CD34+ cells, which include the majority of clonogenic myeloid (colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM]) and erythroid (blast-forming unit-erythroid [BFU-E]) progenitors and the hierarchically more primitive precursors (pre-CFU). Biochemical and functional characterization of CD164 showed that this protein represents a homodimeric molecule of approximately 160 kD. Functional studies demonstrate a role for CD164 in the adhesion of hematopoietic progenitor cells to BM stromal cells in vitro. Moreover, antibody ligation of CD164 on primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells characterized by the cell surface phenotype CD34BRIGHTCD38− results in the decreased recruitment of these cells into cell cycle, suggesting that CD164 represents a potent signaling molecule with the capacity to suppress hematopoietic cell proliferation. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

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Zannettino, Andrew C. W., Hans-Jörg Bühring, Silvana Niutta, Suzanne M. Watt, M. Ann Benton y Paul J. Simmons. "The Sialomucin CD164 (MGC-24v) Is an Adhesive Glycoprotein Expressed by Human Hematopoietic Progenitors and Bone Marrow Stromal Cells That Serves as a Potent Negative Regulator of Hematopoiesis". Blood 92, n.º 8 (15 de octubre de 1998): 2613–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v92.8.2613.420k15_2613_2628.

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Mucin-like molecules represent an emerging family of cell surface glycoproteins expressed by cells of the hematopoietic system. We report the isolation of a cDNA clone that encodes a novel transmembrane isoform of the mucin-like glycoprotein MGC-24, expressed by both hematopoietic progenitor cells and elements of the bone marrow (BM) stroma. This molecule was clustered as CD164 at the recent workshop on human leukocyte differentiation antigens. CD164 was identified using a retroviral expression cloning strategy and two novel monoclonal antibody (MoAb) reagents, 103B2/9E10 and 105.A5. Both antibodies detected CD164/MGC-24v protein expression by BM stroma and subpopulations of the CD34+ cells, which include the majority of clonogenic myeloid (colony-forming unit–granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM]) and erythroid (blast-forming unit-erythroid [BFU-E]) progenitors and the hierarchically more primitive precursors (pre-CFU). Biochemical and functional characterization of CD164 showed that this protein represents a homodimeric molecule of approximately 160 kD. Functional studies demonstrate a role for CD164 in the adhesion of hematopoietic progenitor cells to BM stromal cells in vitro. Moreover, antibody ligation of CD164 on primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells characterized by the cell surface phenotype CD34BRIGHTCD38− results in the decreased recruitment of these cells into cell cycle, suggesting that CD164 represents a potent signaling molecule with the capacity to suppress hematopoietic cell proliferation. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.

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7

Quadros, Jeferson Santana, Mateus Cardoso Barros, Rafael da Silva Paiva, Magnun Antonio Penariol da Silva y Raquel Soares Casaes Nunes. "Determination of Bacterial Isolates from Cocoa Almonds during Fermentation in “saf’s” Agroforestry System in the Amazon". Asian Journal of Biology 19, n.º 1 (9 de julio de 2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajob/2023/v19i1353.

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Agroforestry systems (SAFs) are an alternative for sustainable development as they enable the recovery of degraded areas and reduce deforestation, contributing to breaking the cycle of traditional family farming, so common in the Amazon region. The significant appearance of endophytic microorganisms, such as bacteria in cocoa almonds, can benefit its production commonly with fermentative bacteria. The aim of the study was to characterize the microbiota of cocoa beans during the fermentation process. The isolation of bacteria was performed from the collected samples; one of the applied procedures was the scraping of the dried and fermented cocoa almonds. Afterward, aliquots were subcultured in a Petri dish with a culture medium containing Blood agar and MacConkey agar to verify bacteria. Cultures were analyzed by counting colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Molecular analyses and sequencing were utilized to describe the microbial diversity. DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analyzes were performed to emphasize microbial morphology characterization. Gram-negative bacilli (Enterobacter spp. and Citrobacter spp.) and Gram-positive bacilli (Bacillus spp.) were found in cocoa beans after 72 h of fermentation. This work contributed to the characterization of endophytic bacteria in cocoa seeds, enabling in-depth studies of in vitro verification of the potential for biocontrol of these endophytic bacteria in cocoa cultivation.

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Koteneva, Elena A., Olga I. Tsygankova, Aleksander V. Kalinin, Alena V. Abramovich, Victoriya Yu Shcherbakova y Ivan S. Rodionov. "Ability for vegetation and spore formation of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> strains with different phenotypical properties under soil simulating conditions". Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 100, n.º 3 (11 de julio de 2023): 186–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-304.

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Introduction. The study of the ability of Bacillus anthracis strains with different phenotypic properties to spore germination, reproduction and sporulation on a medium based on an aqueous soil extract can help assess the significance of these processes in the formation and maintenance of soil anthrax foci. Aim. The analysis of individual characteristics of the development of a vegetative culture of anthrax pathogen strains with different phenotypes in a soil medium model. Materials and methods. On a group of anthrax microbe strains with different plasmid composition and virulence, the possibility of spore germination, reproduction of bacilli and, at least in some of them, productive spore formation on the soil medium was studied. Results. Three variants of culture development of B. anthracis strains were identified: 1 spores remain intact, not germinating; 2 after germination of spores, bacilli are formed, which multiply with different intensity, passing into involutional forms without spore formation; 3 the passage of a complete physiological cycle "sporebacillusspore". The presence of 2% blood in the soil environment contributed to the germination of spores and reproduction of the culture, but inhibited the process of sporulation during the observation period of 3 days. No correlation was found between a certain phenotype of the studied strains of B. anthracis and the ability to germinate and vegetate on soil media. Conclusion. The data obtained that only 17% of CFU gives rise to the formation of colonies on the soil medium suggest the heterogeneity of the properties of the population of the studied strains. Isolation of such cultures and their further detailed study will make it possible to identify the most significant complexes of biological properties for the realization of a complete physiological cycle under soil-simulating conditions.

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Zayed, Ashraf R., Suha Butmeh, Marina Pecellin, Alaa Salah, Hanna Alalam, Michael Steinert, Manfred G. Höfle, Dina M. Bitar y Ingrid Brettar. "Biogeography and Environmental Drivers of Legionella pneumophila Abundance and Genotype Composition across the West Bank: Relevance of a Genotype-Based Ecology for Understanding Legionella Occurrence". Pathogens 9, n.º 12 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9121012.

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The West Bank can be considered as a high-risk area for Legionella prevalence in drinking water due to high ambient temperature, intermittent water supply, frequent pressure loss, and storage of drinking water in roof containers. To assess occurrence of Legionella species, especially L. pneumophila, in the drinking water of the West Bank, the drinking water distribution systems of eight hospitals were sampled over a period of 2.3 years covering the seasonal cycle and the major geographic regions. To gain insight into potential environmental drivers, a set of physico-chemical and microbiological parameters was recorded. Sampling included drinking water and biofilm analyzed by culture and PCR-based methods. Cultivation led to the isolation of 180 strains of L. pneumophila that were genotyped by Multi-Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA). Surprisingly, the abundance of culturable L. pneumophila was low in drinking water of the sampling sites, with only three out of eight sites where Legionella was observed at all (range: 30–500 CFU/Liter). By contrast, biofilm and PCR-based analyses showed a higher prevalence. Statistical analyses with physico-chemical parameters revealed a decrease of L. pneumophila abundance for water and biofilm with increasing magnesium concentrations (>30 mg/L). MLVA-genotype analysis of the L. pneumophila isolates and their spatial distribution indicated three niches characterized by distinct physico-chemical parameters and inhabited by specific consortia of genotypes. This study provides novel insights into mechanisms shaping L. pneumophila populations and triggering their abundance leading to an understanding of their genotype-specific niches and ecology in support of improved prevention measures.

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Shang, Ming. "A New Hardware Isolation Architecture". Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (febrero de 2014): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.631.

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Virtual systems are usually attacked due to the vulnerabilities in the hypervisor. The hypervisor cannot solve this because its code size is too big to implement totally right. This paper proposed a new hardware-software architecture based on hardware isolation, which adds a new component in CPU to provide hard-level isolation. Even when the malicious code gets the highest software privilege, it cannot break into another domain from current domain. This paper also gives the implementation of the booting, memory isolation, scheduling, interrupt handling and inter-domain communication.

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Crawford, J. H. "The i486 CPU: executing instructions in one clock cycle". IEEE Micro 10, n.º 1 (febrero de 1990): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/40.46766.

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Ocampo, Andres F., Mah-Rukh Fida, Ahmed Elmokashfi y Haakon Bryhni. "Assessing the Cloud-RAN in the Linux Kernel: Sharing Computing and Network Resources". Sensors 24, n.º 7 (8 de abril de 2024): 2365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24072365.

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Cloud-based Radio Access Network (Cloud-RAN) leverages virtualization to enable the coexistence of multiple virtual Base Band Units (vBBUs) with collocated workloads on a single edge computer, aiming for economic and operational efficiency. However, this coexistence can cause performance degradation in vBBUs due to resource contention. In this paper, we conduct an empirical analysis of vBBU performance on a Linux RT-Kernel, highlighting the impact of resource sharing with user-space tasks and Kernel threads. Furthermore, we evaluate CPU management strategies such as CPU affinity and CPU isolation as potential solutions to these performance challenges. Our results highlight that the implementation of CPU affinity can significantly reduce throughput variability by up to 40%, decrease vBBU’s NACK ratios, and reduce vBBU scheduling latency within the Linux RT-Kernel. Collectively, these findings underscore the potential of CPU management strategies to enhance vBBU performance in Cloud-RAN environments, enabling more efficient and stable network operations. The paper concludes with a discussion on the efficient realization of Cloud-RAN, elucidating the benefits of implementing proposed CPU affinity allocations. The demonstrated enhancements, including reduced scheduling latency and improved end-to-end throughput, affirm the practicality and efficacy of the proposed strategies for optimizing Cloud-RAN deployments.

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Knopf, Alison y Gary Enos. "How family treatment can help break the CPS cycle". Brown University Child & Adolescent Psychopharmacology Update 22, n.º 5 (mayo de 2020): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpu.30490.

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Yang, Ye, Haiyang Jiang, Yulei Wu, Chunjing Han, Yilong Lv, Xing Li, Bowen Yang, Serge Fdida y Gaogang Xie. "C2QoS: Network QoS guarantee in vSwitch through CPU-cycle management". Journal of Systems Architecture 116 (junio de 2021): 102148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysarc.2021.102148.

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Djedidi, Oussama y Mohand Djeziri. "Incremental Modeling and Monitoring of Embedded CPU-GPU Chips". Processes 8, n.º 6 (9 de junio de 2020): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8060678.

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This paper presents a monitoring framework to detect drifts and faults in the behavior of the central processing unit (CPU)-graphics processing unit (GPU) chips powering them. To construct the framework, an incremental model and a fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm are hereby proposed. The reference model is composed of a set of interconnected exchangeable subsystems that allows it to be adapted to changes in the structure of the system or operating modes, by replacing or extending its components. It estimates a set of variables characterizing the operating state of the chip from only two global inputs. Then, through analytical redundancy, the estimated variables are compared to the output of the system in the FDI module, which generates alarms in the presence of faults or drifts in the system. Furthermore, the interconnected nature of the model allows for the direct localization and isolation of any detected abnormalities. The implementation of the proposed framework requires no additional instrumentation as the used variables are measured by the system. Finally, we use multiple experimental setups for the validation of our approach and also proving that it can be applied to most of the existing embedded systems.

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Tormin, Ariane, Jan C. Brune, Åke Borg, Ulf Neumann, Tor Olofsson, Roland Lauster, Sten-Eirik Jakobsen y Stefan Scheding. "Prospective Identification and Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Subpopulations." Blood 108, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2006): 2559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.2559.2559.

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Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells that readily differentiate into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. They support hematopoiesis (stroma function) and have potent immunomodulatory properties making them promising candidates for clinical use. Although MSC cultures are heterogeneous in morphology, no specific markers are available that would allow for the prospective isolation of distinct subpopulations. Therefore we investigated whether potential MSC subpopulation markers could be identified by gene expression profiling of MSC that were sorted based on functional parameters (i.e. proliferation characteristics). Human MSC were generated in standard cultures and stained with carboxyfluoresceine-succinimidylesther (CFSE) for cell division tracking. FACS analysis of CFSE-stained cells after 10 days culture showed that the majority of cells had undergone more than 3 cell divisions (51.2 ± 1.7%) whereas only 3.5 ± 0.9 % had not divided. Based on these results MSC were sorted by FACS according to their divisional history into non-proliferating cells (NP-MSC) and rapidly-proliferating cells (RP-MSC). Interestingly, the CFU-F frequencies of the NP-MSC were considerably (5-times) lower compared to RP-MSC. Furthermore, RP-MSC with low forward-/side-scatter properties had a higher CFU-F frequency than those with high scatter properties. Comparative oligonucleotide microarray analysis of FACS-sorted NP-MSC and RP-MSC populations identified a total of 112 differentially (≥4-fold) expressed genes. Fifty genes were significantly higher expressed in RP-MSC with 12 of them being cell cycle associated. Sixty-two genes showed a higher expression in NP-MSC and more than 20 of them were related to adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins or cell senescence. Two of the differentially expressed genes (VCAM-1, FMOD) that corresponded to cell surface molecules were further tested for their potential to prospectively identify MSC subpopulations. Remarkably, FACS analysis using anti-VCAM-1 (CD106) and anti-fibromodulin (fmod) antibodies showed that approximately 40% and 3% of MSC were CD106neg/fmodneg and CD106pos/fmodpos, respectively. MSC were then sorted by FACS according to their expression of these markers and assayed for CFU-F frequency. Significant differences in CFU-F frequencies were observed between the double-negative and the double-positive MSC (12.3 ± 2.8 and 4.7 ± 2.1 colonies per 100 cells for CD106neg/fmodneg and CD106pos/fmodpos MSC, respectively). Experiments to test for differentiation potential differences are ongoing. Taken together, the data clearly demonstrate functional differences between MSC subpopulations. Furthermore, cell sorting based on proliferation characteristics and gene expression profiling enabled to identify surface markers that allowed for the first time to prospectively identify MSC subpopulations.

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Oladeji, Solomon Oluwole y Kehinde Abraham Odelade. "Screening, isolation and identification of microorganisms from petrochemical contaminated environment". Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences 3, n.º 5 (2016): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21472/bjbs.030518.

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Soil is comprised of minerals, soil organic matter, water and air. The composition and proportion of these components greatly influence soil physical properties like structure and porosity. Soil bacteria and fungi play pivotal roles in various biogeochemical cycles and are responsible for the cycling of organic compounds. The view on the microbiological safety of drinking water is changing. The demand for the total absence of any pathogenic organism is no longer significant in light of the new pathogens, some of which are capable of growing in drinking water systems. This is mainly due to many pollutants that are present at much higher concentrations in groundwater than they are in most contaminated surface supplies. In order to determine the microbes, soil and water samples were collected from petrochemical industry, Eleme, Port-Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, for microbiological analysis. This was carried out by the isolation, assessment and characterization of the isolated organisms. The highest bacterial counts was determined in soil sample 1 (SS1) and water sample 4 (WS4) with microbial loads of 1.48 x 10^6 cfu/mL and 9.40 x 10^5 cfu/mL and the lowest count was found in soil sample 2 (SS2) and water sample 2 (WS2) with microbial load 2.90 x 105 cfu/mL and 3.67 x 10^4 cfu/mL. The highest fungal counts was determined in soil sample 2 (SS2) and water sample1 (WS1) with microbial loads of 1.76 x 10^6 cfu/mL and 2.17 x 10^6 cfu/mL and the least colonies was in soil sample 1 (SS1) and water sample 2 (WS2) with microbial counts of 1.75 x 10^5 cfu/mL and 4.30 x 10^4 cfu/mL. The results present that the presence of these microbes can be linked to the prehistory of the effects or contamination of surface and underground water in this region and could leads to water-borne diseases.

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Prata, Karen L., Maristela D. Orellana, Aparecida M. Fontes, Karina R. Solano, Simone Kashima, Rita C. V. Carrara, Patrícia V. B. Palma et al. "Expansion and Multipotencial Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Patients after High Dose Chemotherapy." Blood 108, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2006): 4259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.4259.4259.

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Abstract Background. High dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous PBSC rescue has been increasingly used for the treatment of several human diseases. However, little is known on the extent of this therapy on the marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Aims. To evaluate the feasibility of expansion and multipotencial differentiation of MSCs isolated from patients after HDCT. Patients and Methods. Twelve lymphoma’s patients (LP) free of disease in bone marrow (BM) were enrolled in the study. They were submitted to BEAM’s protocol with autologous PBSC rescue 28 to 1836 days before the sample collection. Six normal bone marrow donors (ND) were used as controls. The LP and ND median age were 37.5 (range 22–49) and 31.5 years old (range 23–42), respectively. MSCs were isolated by plastic adherence and expanded ex vivo by cultivation in flasks with α-MEM with 15% fetal bovine serum. Media was changed every 3–4 days. At 90% confluence, the cells were re-plated and expanded. The isolation efficiency, colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) frequency, growth kinetics, phenotypic characteristics, cell cycle status, multi-lineage differentiation capacity as well as hematopoiesis-supportive function were determined and compared with those of ND-MSCs. This study protocol and the consent form were approved by the institution ethics committees. Results. The results were analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and are expressed as median (range) to LP and ND, respectively. MSCs were successful isolated from all BM samples collected for this study. The cell population showed typical fibroblast-like morphology, appearing as an adherent, spindle shaped cell layer and growing to confluence after a few weeks of culture. The number of CFU-F found at 14 days of culture were 0.94 (0.00–3.75) and 1.25 (0.13–9.25) x10−5 nucleated cells (p = 0.4421). The doubling time between the 1st and 2nd passages was 80.66 (34.08–195.35) and 46.30 (36.36–270.59) hours (p = 0.1025). The cell clones proliferated extensively until 8.17 (1.81–28.27) and 18.11 (11.85–27.48) population doublings (p = 0.0668) in 71.50 (46–88) and 81 (57–103) cultivation days (p = 0.1505). Immunophenotypically, these cells were positive for the CD73, CD105, CD90, CD29, CD13, CD44, CD49e, CD54, HLA-class 1 and Stro-1 markers and negative for CD34, CD45, CD14, CD51/61, HLA-DR and KDR. Regarding the cell cycle status, 85.63 (63.19–92.17) and 82.41 (82.19–87.02) % were in GO-G1 phase (p = 1,000), while only 12.17 (3.33–36.81) and 10.67 (6.59–12.05) % were in S phase (p = 0,6828). All samples tested were capable of differentiating along adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages in vitro, demonstrated by morphology, cyto- and imunohistochemistry or RT-PCR reaction (PPARg and osteopontin genes expression). After co-culture with CD34+ cord blood cells for 1 and 4 weeks, no significant difference CD34+ expansion or colony-forming cells (BFU-E or CFU-GM) were observed between the CD34+ cells/LP-MSCs and CD34+ cells/ND-MSCs co-cultures with cytokines or not. Interpretation and Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that is possible to cultivate and expand MSCs with multipotential differentiation capabilities and hematopoiesis-supportive function from patients after HDCT. Despite there were no significant differences in the median values between LP and ND, the comparative study indicates a possible damage in MSCs by HDCT.

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19

Zagan, Ionel y Vasile Gheorghita Gaitan. "Improving the Performance of CPU Architectures by Reducing the Operating System Overhead (Extended Version)". Electrical, Control and Communication Engineering 10, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2016): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ecce-2016-0002.

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Abstract The predictable CPU architectures that run hard real-time tasks must be executed with isolation in order to provide a timing-analyzable execution for real-time systems. The major problems for real-time operating systems are determined by an excessive jitter, introduced mainly through task switching. This can alter deadline requirements, and, consequently, the predictability of hard real-time tasks. New requirements also arise for a real-time operating system used in mixed-criticality systems, when the executions of hard real-time applications require timing predictability. The present article discusses several solutions to improve the performance of CPU architectures and eventually overcome the Operating Systems overhead inconveniences. This paper focuses on the innovative CPU implementation named nMPRA-MT, designed for small real-time applications. This implementation uses the replication and remapping techniques for the program counter, general purpose registers and pipeline registers, enabling multiple threads to share a single pipeline assembly line. In order to increase predictability, the proposed architecture partially removes the hazard situation at the expense of larger execution latency per one instruction.

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20

McGrath, Kathleen E., Paul D. Kingsley, Eli T. Rust, Vincent P. Schulz, Anne Koniski, Taylor L. Schofield, Leah A. Vit et al. "Erythroid Progenitor Cells in the Murine Bone Marrow: Parallels with Human Counterparts and Response to Acute Anemia". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 de noviembre de 2023): 2451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-187741.

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In mammals, the erythron consists of lineage-specific progenitor cells that transition to morphologically identifiable precursors that ultimately enucleate to become mature red blood cells. Early- and late-stage erythroid progenitors, BFU-E and CFU-E respectively, were originally defined by their capacity to generate colonies of erythroid cells in semisolid media. We have refined a flow cytometry-based strategy based on Pronk, et al. (2007) and Tusi, et al. (2018) that parallels similar strategies developed for human erythroid progenitor cells (Yan et al., 2021) to facilitate identification and isolation of progressive stages of primary murine erythroid progenitors, termed EP1 to EP4, in the bone marrow. Sorted erythroid progenitor (EP1 to EP4) populations were cultured in colony-forming assays. EP1 consists almost entirely of BFU-E, while EP4 was highly enriched in CFU-E, and the intermediate EP2 and EP3 populations progress from immature to more mature erythroid colony-forming progenitors. Global RNA-Seq studies were performed on three replicates of primary bone marrow EP1-4 from 9-12 week old outbred mice. EP1/2 and EP3/4 each shared the most similarities, consistent with the enrichment of BFU-E in the former and CFU-E in the latter. We also analyzed the global transcriptome of EP1-4 derived from in vitro culture of human CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to compare with the murine counterparts. Approximately two-thirds of differentially expressed genes displayed similar patterns as murine and human EP1 transition progressively to EP4. The largest transition in gene expression occurred between EP2 and EP3. Analysis of genes differentially expressed between EP2 and EP3 both in human and in mouse (adj. p-value <0.05, 361 down and 242 up) revealed marked downregulation of transcription factors expected from previous studies of erythroid progenitors (Gata2, Cd34), as well as those associated with multipotential, myeloid, and megakaryocyte lineages (Sp1 and Runx1). Upregulated transcription factors included prototypical factors associated with erythropoiesis (Klf1, Gata1 and Tal1), as well as Srebf1, a central regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. In both species the transition from EP2 to EP3 was characterized by downregulation of the gene ontology terms associated with myeloid and megakaryocyte development, and the upregulation of gene ontology terms associated with erythrocyte development, cell cycle, heme metabolism, and VLDL particle assembly. Interestingly, cholesterol content increases as EP1/2 transition to EP3/4 in both primary murine and human bone marrow. These data indicate a shared progression of erythroid progenitors can be proactively delineated in human and mouse systems. To better define the response of erythroid progenitors to stress, we established an acute anemia model in mice, reproducibly lowering the hematocrit by half via phlebotomy. Induction of acute anemia leads to a marked expansion of EP3 and EP4 at 48 hours both in the bone marrow and in the spleen. Additionally, these expanded EP3/4 populations were characterized by an increase percentage of the cells in S-phase. Principal component analysis of global transcriptomic studies of EP1-4 isolated from the marrow 48 hours after the induction of anemia revealed parallel differentiation programs when compared to their steady-state murine counterparts. 70% of the shared genes upregulated in the transition from EP2 to EP3 were upregulated to a greater extent in response to anemia. Upregulated genes, particularly in EP3/4, included known EPO-responsive genes (Pim1, Socs2, Tfrc, and Cited4), as well as hypoxia-associated genes. Interestingly, key cholesterol biosynthesis genes (Hmgcr, Hmgcs1, and Sqle) were also further upregulated in anemic versus steady-state EP3/4. This latter finding suggests that cholesterol homeostasis may play a key role in the erythroid progenitor response to stress. We conclude that late-stage erythroid progenitor (EP3/4) expansion is a specific and integral component of regenerative erythropoiesis. The identification and isolation of stage-specific murine erythroid progenitor cells that are highly analogous to their human counterparts will facilitate an improved understanding of normal and disordered erythropoiesis.

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Qian, Hong y Mikael Sigvardsson. "Early B-Cell Factor 2 Represents A Novel Marker of Highly Purified Messenchymal Stem-Like Cells in Mouse Bone Marrow." Blood 114, n.º 22 (20 de noviembre de 2009): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.252.252.

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Abstract Abstract 252 The future therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for human depends on the establishment of preclinical studies with other mammals such as mouse. However, purification and characterization of mouse MSCs from bone marrow (BM) remain poorly documented. The lack of MSC-specific markers for isolation and characterization has been a main obstacle to both research and clinical application with MSCs. The isolation method based on the adherence properties of MSCs in culture has proven ineffective because of large contamination of various hematopoietic lineages and potential phenotypic changes in cultured cells. Consequently, there is very little knowledge about the precise properties of a MSC in its native environment. In the present study, we have utilized a bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) transgenic reporter mouse line expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the regulatory elements of the Ebf2 gene. Early B cell factor 2 (EBF2) , is a member of the EBF family of transcription factors and has been shown to be expressed in the endosteal niche (Kieslinger et al 2005), a region where MSCs may be defined. The Ebf2-EGFP expressing stromal cells (CD45−TER119−GFP+) are composed 0.002% of total BM mononuclear cells and could be sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) from adult Tg (Ebf2-EGFP)FB58Gsat/Mmcd mice. The fidelity of GFP expression to that of the endogenous Ebf2 gene was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR providing evidences for that the reporter gene expression marked a defined population of CD45− cells. GFP+ cells could not be found in the hematopoietic cell compartments (CD45+TER119+), indicating a unique expression of EBF2 in stromal cells. In addition, a 10-fold reduction in frequency of CD45−TER119−GFP+ cells in marrow cells compared to that in bone suggested a preferential distribution of the GFP+ stromal cells in endosteal area of the bone. Colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) assay of the sorted cells revealed that the frequency of CFU-Fs in CD45−TER119−GFP+ cells reached as high as 1 out of 15 whereas only around1/4000 could be detected in CD45−TER119−GFP− cells, indicating the GFP+ EBF2 expressing cells are enriched for primitive stromal progenitor cells in BM. Morphologically, CFU-Fs derived from the GFP+ cells are mostly spindle-shaped and mononuclear. In contrast, the CFU-Fs derived from the GFP- cells are enriched with big cells containing multiple nuclei and differentiated stromal cells. In line with the function and morphological data, Microarray data obtained from two independent experiments revealed a dramatic downregulation of cell cycle genes including Cdc6, Cdca2-4, −7,−8 and Ki67, Cdk4-6) and up-regulation of Cdkis such as p57 and p21 in the GFP+ cells, compared to the GFP− cells, indicating quiescence state of GFP+ cells. Even though the GFP+ cells functionally appeared more primitive than the GFP− cells, multiple lineage associated genes specific for osteoblasts, adipocyte, chondrocyte and myocyte were relatively higher expressed in the GFP+ cell population compared to the GFP− cells, possibly indicating lineage priming events. To test the expression profiles of cell surface antigens that has been studied in the MSCs selected in culture, we performed multiple-color FACS analysis of expressions of CD34, SCA1, CD44 and CD29 within CD45−TER119−GFP+ cells. In order to exclude contamination of hematopoietic cells, we add additional markers B220/CD19 in separated channels during the FACS analysis. Consistent with the Microarray data, we found that GFP+ cells are 100% CD29+, but 100% CD44−. In addition, they express higher levels of CD34, SCA1, compared to the GFP− cells. This is in contrast to the previous studies showing that the MSCs from culture express higher level of CD44 and most of them are CD34−. Thus, using the transgenic EBF2 reporter mouse model we have been able to prospectively isolate an MSC like cell directly from the adult mouse BM largely increasing the possibilities to investigate phenotypic and molecular characteristics of the BM primitive mesenchymal progenitor cells ex vivo. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Knopinska-Posluszny, Wanda, Michal Taszner, Jan M. Zaucha, Lucja Kachel, Anna Czyz, Lidia Gil, Jerzy Holowiecki, M. Komarnicki y Andrzej Hellmann. "Clinical Outcome in Patients with AML Exhibiting Poor Mobilization of Progenitor Cells." Blood 108, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2006): 5439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.5439.5439.

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Abstract Intensification of post-remission therapy in patients with AML increases the rate of long-term remissions. High-dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation have therefore been shown to be promising strategy in the management of AML. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical outcome and risk of relapse in patients with low mobilizing capacity. Materials and methods: Patients from 3 Haematology Departments in Poland were treated according to 3+7 or 3+7+Cladribine protocols. Progenitor cell collection was conducted usually following the 2nd consolidation cycle. Mobilization was conducted in 238 patients in CR. PB was a main source of progenitor cells. The potential influence of recognized prognostic factors (age, WBC, cytogenetics), the number of chemotherapy cycles conducted prior to achieving CR, time elapsed from CR to mobilization, duration of aplasia following chemotherapy (<21 days) and the number of CD34+cells in mobilized material (0, <1, 1–2×106/kg CD34+), on the mobilization capacity, the clinical outcome and the risk of a relapse, was assessed. Results: AutoHSCT was conducted in 199 patients. In 39 cases it was not possible to obtain an adequate number of cells for transplantation (<2×106/kg CD34+) (16,4%). Within that group, maintenance therapy was conducted in 17 (43,6%), auto+alloHSCT was conducted in 19 cases (48,7%), alloHSCT was conducted in 3 cases (7,7%). A relapse occurred in 20 patients (51,3%). Initial WBC, age, CD34+ immunophenotype, morphological subtype, number of induction cycles, duration of cytopenia and the treatment method following ineffective mobilization (mainenance therapy vs. autoSCT, vs. alloSCT) have been shown to have no influence on mobilization capacity and the risk of relapse. Cytogenetics was obtained only in 35% of the cases for the reason that the influence of this factor on the mobilization and the risk of relapse had not been assessed. None of the following parameters; ie. number of MNC, CD34+, CFU-GM, BFU-E cells affected the risk of relapse. However it is likely, having compared a group of patients who did not undergo transplantation with a group of patients who underwent transplantation, that the low number of CD34+ cells is a factor that does not negatively affect the duration of CR. Conclusions: AutoHSCT results obtained are comparable to those achieved in other centres (3ys LFS of 50%). We have found a high percentage of “poor mobilizers”. None of the examined prognostic factors proved to be beneficial in the assessment of the risk of ineffective mobilization of progenitor cells. The lack or poor mobilization of progenitor cells has not been shown to be a negative prognostic factor in patients with AML, as regards clinical outcome and risk of relapse. New prognostic factors, that would allow the isolation of a group of patients with AML, for whom autoHSCT would be the therapy of choice, should be investigated.

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Lagadinou, Eleni D., Dimitra Kokkinou, Elena Siapati, George Vassilopoulos, Craig T. Jordan y Alexandros Spyridonidis. "Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Novel “Oxidative State – low” Leukemic Population with Stem Cell Properties and Potential Resistance to Chemotherapy In Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 116, n.º 21 (19 de noviembre de 2010): 1580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1580.1580.

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Abstract Abstract 1580 Most adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are not cured with current treatments due to primary chemo-resistance or relapse. Emerging evidence suggests that the pool of leukemic blasts is heterogeneous and disease persistence is due to a subset of leukemic (-stem) cells able to evade chemotherapy and sustain tumor growth. Cell surface marker expression has proven to be a valuable tool to isolate and study leukemic stem cells (LSC) which, similarly to normal hematopoiesis, are shown to reside in the CD34+/CD38- leukemic fraction. However, recent data indicate that the phenotype of LSC varies from patient to patient and it seems likely that no single phenotypic signature exists to uniformly identify LSC. Besides immunophenotype, isolating LSC on the basis of functional properties unique for these cells may enforce our understanding of AML biology and provide the basis to develop more effective therapies. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate essential cellular functions such as self-renewal, proliferation and apoptosis. In normal neurogenesis and hematopoiesis, ROSlow states correlate with self-renewal and ROShigh is associated with differentiation. In malignant tissues, although cancer cells are commonly more oxidized than their normal counterparts, some cancer stem cells are shown to contain low ROS levels, a feature associated with increased resistance to therapy (Nature. 2009;458:780-783). We hypothesized that LSCs also reside in a less oxidized state than bulk leukemic cells, a condition which promotes self-renewal and confers resistance to chemotherapy. To validate this hypothesis, we evaluated the redox state of leukemic blasts isolated from bone marrow or peripheral blood from 21 AML and 2 high-risk MDS patients. Loading of cells with the fluorescent probe DCF-DA showed that primary AML specimens have a broad range of oxidative state, with cells clearly falling into ROShigh and ROSlow populations (ROSlow=11.5±9%). Phenotypic analyses of AML specimens with respect to primitive cell surface markers indicated that the ROSlow gate represented 18 ± 17% of the phenotypically primitive CD34+/CD38- cells and was significantly more enriched in CD34-/CD38- leukemic cells in comparison to ROShigh. We isolated ROSlow and ROShigh leukemic subsets by flow cytometric sorting on the basis of their DCF fluorescence from 11 AML patients' samples and analyzed them for stem cell properties and drug sensitivity. Importantly, we used the differential redox state and not phenotypic markers to isolate distinct leukemic subpopulations. Morphological evaluation of sorted CD45/SS blast gated, DCFlow and DCFhigh cells demonstrated that both subpopulations were leukemic. Comparative analysis of the cell cycle distribution after staining with Ki67 and 7AAD indicated in most cases that ROSlow cells are quiescent, in contrast to ROShigh and total blast cells which are more actively cycling. Despite their predominant quiescent state, ROSlow leukemic cells were able both to grow as colonies in CFU assays and also to engraft in NOD SCID mice in pilot experiments, suggesting the existence of both leukemic “progenitor” and “stem” cell types within the ROSlow leukemic fraction. Based on these data, we challenged primary AML specimens with conventional chemotherapy agents (daunorubicin and AraC). Intriguingly, ROSlow cells preferentially survived exposure to either antileukemic agent in vitro. Taken together, our data identify a novel quiescent “oxidative state – low” leukemic population from patients with AML/MDS at diagnosis, which displays stem cell properties and exhibits functional differences related to drug sensitivity. The detailed molecular and functional characterization of this novel leukemic population is the subject of our ongoing studies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Azhar, Raisul, Heroe Santoso y Bambang Krismono. "PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI KERNEL BASED VIRTUAL MACHINE PADA SERVER VPS TERHADAP PEMAKAIAN CPU MEMORY DAN HARDDISK". Jurnal Informatika dan Rekayasa Elektronik 5, n.º 1 (23 de abril de 2022): 140–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36595/jire.v5i1.522.

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Virtualisasi dapat diartikan dalam dunia teknologi informasi adalah penggunaan komputer di dalam computer itu sendiri, yang diimplementasikan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak. Satu Virtual Machine (VM) mampu menangani keseluruhan sistem perangkat keras (hardware), seperti processor, memori sampai dengan hubungannya dengan Input/Output seperti network card, sehingga penggunaan Operating System (OS) yang berbeda platform dan versi mampu dijalankan pada saat yang bersamaan . Setiap Sistem Operasi yang dipergunakan ditempatkan pada lokasi atau partisi yang tetap. Dalam pemanfaatan virtualisasi, OS yang berperan sebagai “induk” dalam komputer disebut Host. Virtualisasi sendiri dapat diterapkan Pada berbagai jenis OS seperti windows, linux, mac OS, hingga RouterOS yang digunakan oleh mikrotik. Dengan pemanfaatan virtualisasi, keuntungan yang didapat adalah meminimalisasi resources yang digunakan. Virtualisasi juga menyediakan fleksibilitas dalam memilih OS yang tepat untuk banyak jenis server yang ingin diterapkan. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode Network Develoment Life Cycle (NDLC) dalam melakukan Analisa Kinerja terhadap Penerapan Virtualisasi KVM pada server VPS dengan mengamati pemakaian memori, cpu dan hardisk yang dilakukan secara simulasi protype dengan bantuan aplikasi virtual mesin. Tahapan NDLC yang diadopsi yaitu analisys, design, dan simulation prototyping. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa penggunaan cpu, memory, dan hdd (read dan write) saat komputer dalam keadaan idle dan Saat virtualisasi dijalankan. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dan pengamatan dilakukan dengan aplikasi glances, pada parameter cpu, memory dan hdd (read dan write) diperoleh kondisi tidak normal dengan penggunaan tertinggi cpu 89,72%, memory 80,72% dan hdd read 13,448 Mb, dan hdd write 0,2330 Mb, karena disimpulkan pemakaian cpu dan memory melebihi batas normal yaitu 80%.

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Kim, Jeongsu, Kyungwoon Lee, Gyeongsik Yang, Kwanhoon Lee, Jaemin Im y Chuck Yoo. "QiOi: Performance Isolation for Hyperledger Fabric". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 9 (25 de abril de 2021): 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093870.

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This paper investigates the performance interference of blockchain services that run on cloud data centers. As the data centers offer shared computing resources to multiple services, the blockchain services can experience performance interference due to the co-located services. We explore the impact of the interference on Fabric performance and develop a new technique to offer performance isolation for Hyperledger Fabric, the most popular blockchain platform. First, we analyze the characteristics of the different components in Hyperledger Fabric and show that Fabric components have different impacts on the performance of Fabric. Then, we present QiOi, component-level performance isolation technique for Hyperledger Fabric. The key idea of QiOi is to dynamically control the CPU scheduling of Fabric components to cope with the performance interference. We implement QiOi as a user-level daemon and evaluate how QiOi mitigates the performance interference of Fabric. The evaluation results demonstrate that QiOi mitigates performance degradation of Fabric by 22% and improves Fabric latency by 2.5 times without sacrificing the performance of co-located services. In addition, we show that QiOi can support different ordering services and chaincodes with negligible overhead to Fabric performance.

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Alves, Marcos G., Gen-Lang Chen, Xi Kang y Guang-Hui Song. "Reduced CPU Workload for Human Pose Detection with the Aid of a Low-Resolution Infrared Array Sensor on Embedded Systems". Sensors 23, n.º 23 (25 de noviembre de 2023): 9403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23239403.

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Modern embedded systems have achieved relatively high processing power. They can be used for edge computing and computer vision, where data are collected and processed locally, without the need for network communication for decision-making and data analysis purposes. Face detection, face recognition, and pose detection algorithms can be executed with acceptable performance on embedded systems and are used for home security and monitoring. However, popular machine learning frameworks, such as MediaPipe, require relatively high usage of CPU while running, even when idle with no subject in the scene. Combined with the still present false detections, this wastes CPU time, elevates the power consumption and overall system temperature, and generates unnecessary data. In this study, a low-cost low-resolution infrared thermal sensor array was used to control the execution of MediaPipe’s pose detection algorithm using single-board computers, which only runs when the thermal camera detects a possible subject in its field of view. A lightweight algorithm with several filtering layers was developed, which allowed the effective detection and isolation of a person in the thermal image. The resulting hybrid computer vision proved effective in reducing the average CPU workload, especially in environments with low activity, almost eliminating MediaPipe’s false detections, and reaching up to 30% power saving in the best-case scenario.

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Das, Sudipto, Vivek R. Narasayya, Feng Li y Manoj Syamala. "CPU sharing techniques for performance isolation in multi-tenant relational database-as-a-service". Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 7, n.º 1 (septiembre de 2013): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/2732219.2732223.

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Méndez-Ferrer, Simón, Tatyana V. Michurina, Francesca Ferraro, Amin Mazloom, Ben MacArthur, Sergio Lira, David T. Scadden, Avi Ma'ayan, Grigori N. Enikolopov y Paul S. Frenette. "Coordinated Regulation of Hematopoietic and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Bone Marrow Niche." Blood 114, n.º 22 (20 de noviembre de 2009): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2.2.

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Abstract Abstract 2 Despite their therapeutic potential, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remain poorly defined owing to their heterogeneity, the inability to assess in vivo self-renewal and the scarcity of markers allowing their identification, isolation and genetic manipulation. In the bone marrow (BM) of Nestin (Nes)-Gfp transgenic mice, CD31− CD45− GFP+ peri-vascular cells expressing endogenous nestin are associated with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and innervated by fibers from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Flow cytometry sorting of BM CD45− Nes:GFP+ and CD45− Nes:GFP− cells has revealed that Nes:GFP+ cells, despite their rarity (4.0 ± 0.6% CD45− cells), contain all the colony-forming unit-fibroblastic (CFU-F) activity and have the exclusive capacity of forming self-renewing, multipotent clonal spheres that differentiate robustly along osteoblastic, chondrocytic and adipocytic lineages. To test in vivo self-renewal, single spheres derived from Nes-Gfp / Col2.3-Cre / R26R triple-transgenic animals were allowed to attach to phosphocalcic ceramic ossicles that were subcutaneously implanted into littermate mice that did not carry the transgenes. Histological analyses after 2 months revealed the presence of β-galactosidase+ osteoblasts (OBs) derived from Nes:GFP+ cells and not from 30,000 control CD45− Nes:GFP− cells. Hematopoietic areas were associated with Nes:GFP+ cells, that yielded per ossicle 310 ± 32 GFP+ secondary spheres (n=6), 38.6 ± 1.9% of which showed spontaneous multilineage differentiation into Col2.3+ OBs and Oil Red O+ adipocytes. Single secondary spheres subjected to a subsequent round of transplantation yielded after 8 months 8,557 ± 537 GFP+ spheres per ossicle (n = 7), which also generated Col2.3+ OBs, as a further proof of their self-renewal, osteoblastic differentiation potential and donor origin. Lineage-tracing studies in Nes-Cre / R26R mice have revealed the contribution of nestin-expressing cells in endochondral and membranous ossification. Administration of tamoxifen to adult Nes-CreERT2 mice bred to different reporter lines revealed that adult nestin-expressing BM cells could generate OBs, chondrocytes and osteocytes after 8-month chasing, suggesting an active role for adult nestin+ MSCs in physiological bone turnover. Genome-wide comparison analyses have shown that BM CD45− Nes:GFP+ cells are distinct from other stem cells but closest to in vitro expanded MSCs. Applying gene ontology analyses, metabolic and cell cycle genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in BM CD45− Nes:GFP+ cells. We have studied gene regulation, cell cycle and fate in response to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), parathormone (PTH) and signals from the SNS, stimuli that regulate both hematopoietic and mesenchymal lineages in the BM. Cell cycle studies from FACS-sorted, flushed BM samples have confirmed that CD45− Nes:GFP+ cells are much more quiescent (90% G0/G1) than CD45− Nes:GFP− cells (58% G0/G1) but are selectively induced to proliferate after chemical sympathectomy (61% G0/G1) or PTH (70% G0/G1) administration in mice (n = 4–5). The inhibitory effects of the SNS and G-CSF (95% G0/G1) on BM CD45− Nes:GFP+ cells were not limited to cell cycle but also involved osteoblastic differentiation and expression of HSC maintenance genes. By contrast, in vivo or in vitro treatment with PTH selectively induced proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of CD45− Nes:GFP+ cells, which express PTH receptor 1. We generated selective cell depletion models by intercrossing Nes-Cre and Nes-CreERT2 mice with a Cre-inducible diphtheria toxin receptor line (iDTR). In both models, HSC numbers decreased by ∼ 50% in the BM and increased in the spleen, an effect directly caused by selective BM cell depletion, as per in vitro experiments. In the more specific Nes-CreERT2 model, this effect was specific for HSCs and not for more mature progenitors. Cell depletion in Nes-Cre / iDTR and Nes-CreERT2 / iDTR mice reduced homing of hematopoietic progenitors by 73 and 90%, respectively. Finally, combined two-photon and confocal microscopy of the calvarial BM has demonstrated that highly purified, labeled HSCs rapidly (≤ 2h) home near Nes:GFP+ cells. Thus, cytokines, hormones, and the SNS regulate both HSC maintenance and bone formation in the BM stem cell niche through direct control of nestin-expressing MSCs. These results uncover an unprecedented partnership between two distinct somatic stem cell types and argue for a unique peri-vascular niche in the BM formed by MSC-HSC pairs. Disclosures: Scadden: Fate Therapeutics: Consultancy. Frenette:Glycomimetic: Research Funding.

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Oliveira, F. De, S. R. Franco y M. A. Villela Pinto. "The Effect of Multigrid Parameters in a 3D Heat Diffusion Equation". International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 23, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2018): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2018-0012.

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AbstractThe aim of this paper is to reduce the necessary CPU time to solve the three-dimensional heat diffusion equation using Dirichlet boundary conditions. The finite difference method (FDM) is used to discretize the differential equations with a second-order accuracy central difference scheme (CDS). The algebraic equations systems are solved using the lexicographical and red-black Gauss-Seidel methods, associated with the geometric multigrid method with a correction scheme (CS) and V-cycle. Comparisons are made between two types of restriction: injection and full weighting. The used prolongation process is the trilinear interpolation. This work is concerned with the study of the influence of the smoothing value (v), number of mesh levels (L) and number of unknowns (N) on the CPU time, as well as the analysis of algorithm complexity.

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30

Liberti, Leo, Edoardo Amaldi, Francesco Maffioli y Nelson Maculan. "Mathematical models and a constructive heuristic for finding minimum fundamental cycle bases". Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 15, n.º 1 (2005): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0501015l.

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The problem of finding a fundamental cycle basis with minimum total cost in a graph arises in many application fields. In this paper we present some integer linear programming formulations and we compare their performances, in terms of instance size, CPU time required for the solution, and quality of the associated lower bound derived by solving the corresponding continuous relaxations. Since only very small instances can be solved to optimality with these formulations and very large instances occur in a number of applications, we present a new constructive heuristic and compare it with alternative heuristics.

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31

Song, Yupu, Cailin Li, Shiyang Xiao, Qinglei Zhou y Han Xiao. "A parallel Canny edge detection algorithm based on OpenCL acceleration". PLOS ONE 19, n.º 1 (5 de enero de 2024): e0292345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292345.

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In the process of Canny edge detection, a large number of high complexity calculations such as Gaussian filtering, gradient calculation, non-maximum suppression, and double threshold judgment need to be performed on the image, which takes up a lot of operation time, which is a great challenge to the real-time requirements of the algorithm. The traditional Canny edge detection technology mainly uses customized equipment such as DSP and FPGA, but it has some problems, such as long development cycle, difficult debugging, resource consumption, and so on. At the same time, the adopted CUDA platform has the problem of poor cross-platform. In order to solve this problem, a fine-grained parallel Canny edge detection method is proposed, which is optimized from three aspects: task partition, vector memory access, and NDRange optimization, and CPU-GPU collaborative parallelism is realized. At the same time, the parallel Canny edge detection methods based on multi-core CPU and CUDA architecture are designed. The experimental results show that OpenCL accelerated Canny edge detection algorithm (OCL_Canny) achieves 20.68 times acceleration ratio compared with CPU serial algorithm at 7452 × 8024 image resolution. At the image resolution of 3500 × 3500, the OCL_Canny algorithm achieves 3.96 times the acceleration ratio compared with the CPU multi-threaded Canny parallel algorithm. At 1024 × 1024 image resolution, the OCL_Canny algorithm achieves 1.21 times the acceleration ratio compared with the CUDA-based Canny parallel algorithm. The effectiveness and performance portability of the proposed Canny edge detection parallel algorithm are verified, and it provides a reference for the research of fast calculation of image big data.

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32

Carroll, Shane y Wei-Ming Lin. "Applied On-Chip Machine Learning for Dynamic Resource Control in Multithreaded Processors". Parallel Processing Letters 29, n.º 03 (septiembre de 2019): 1950013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626419500130.

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In this paper, we propose a machine learning algorithm to control instruction fetch bandwidth in a simultaneous multithreaded CPU. In a simultaneous multithreaded CPU, multiple threads occupy pools of hardware resources in the same clock cycle. Under some conditions, one or more threads may undergo a period of inefficiency, e.g., a cache miss, thereby inefficiently using shared resources and degrading the performance of other threads. If these inefficiencies can be identified at runtime, the offending thread can be temporarily blocked from fetching new instructions into the pipeline and given time to recover from its inefficiency, and prevent the shared system resources from being wasted on a stalled thread. In this paper, we propose a machine learning approach to determine when a thread should be blocked from fetching new instructions. The model is trained offline and the parameters embedded in a CPU, which can be queried with runtime statistics to determine if a thread is running inefficiently and should be temporarily blocked from fetching. We propose two models: a simple linear model and a higher-capacity neural network. We test each model in a simulation environment and show that system performance can increase by up to 19% on average with a feasible implementation of the proposed algorithm.

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BOSSARD, ANTOINE. "ON THE DECYCLING PROBLEM IN HIERARCHICAL HYPERCUBES". Journal of Interconnection Networks 14, n.º 02 (junio de 2013): 1350006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265913500060.

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Due to the huge number of CPU nodes involved in modern supercomputers, efficient CPU connection is challenging, and legacy simple network topologies such as hypercubes are no more suitable for physical reasons. The hierarchical hypercube (HHC) has been designed as a topology for interconnection network of massively parallel systems. An HHC is effectively able to link many nodes while retaining a low degree and a small diameter compared to a hypercube of the same size. In this paper, we address a fundamental problem inside an HHC, the decycling problem, which consists of finding a set of nodes as small as possible such that excluding these nodes from the network ensures a cycle-free topology. This problem has many important applications such as lock-free resource allocation and concurrent access. So, we propose in this paper an efficient algorithm finding in an HHC a decycling set of competitively small size.

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34

Götze, Katharina S., Sally Rushton, Stefanie Marz, Sabine Kayser, Konstanze Dohner, Christian Peschel y Robert Oostendorp. "Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition by SU5614 Fails To Eradicate Leukemic Stem Cells in FLT3-ITD+ Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Role of the Microenvironment." Blood 110, n.º 11 (16 de noviembre de 2007): 3382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3382.3382.

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Abstract Activating mutations of the FLT3 receptor by internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) are present in 30% of all cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with poor prognosis. FLT3-ITD mutations are present in leukemic stem/progenitor cells and induce ligand-independent downstream signaling promoting oncogenesis through pathways involved in proliferation, differentiation and survival, making the mutated receptor an attractive therapeutic target for tyrosine kinase inhibition. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been shown to be cytotoxic to FLT3-ITD+ leukemic blasts, the effects on more primitive leukemic stem cells have not been studied in detail. We examined the effect of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU5614 on leukemic CD34+ stem/progenitor cells from patients with newly diagnosed normal karyotype AML with wild-type FLT3 or mutated FLT3-ITD receptor. SU5614 was chosen because initial experiments comparing SU5614, PKC412 and imatinib had shown that SU5614 was the most potent in inducing cell cycle arrest without significant apoptosis in normal CD34+ stem/progenitor cells. CD34+ cells were isolated from bone marrow of AML patients at diagnosis by density gradient centrifugation and magnetic bead isolation. Cells were cultured for four days in serum-free medium with growth factors in the presence or absence of SU5614 (5 uM) in suspension culture or in stroma-contact cultures. Hematopoietic activity was assessed in colony-forming assays. Overall, untreated CD34+FLT3-ITD+ leukemic progenitors cells formed significantly fewer CFU than CD34+FLT3-WT leukemic progenitors. However, the percentage of more primitive LTC-IC was higher in FLT3-ITD+ samples. SU5614 induced cell cycle arrest in all FLT3-ITD+ as well as FLT3-WT samples whereas apoptosis was variable. FLT3-ITD+ committed progenitor cells were effectively reduced by SU5614 treatment in suspension culture while stroma contact exerted a significant protective effect. In contrast, committed progenitors from FLT3-WT AML were less susceptible to tyrosine kinase inhibition but also protected by adhesion to stroma. More importantly, primitive LTC-IC from FLT3-ITD+ AML were selectively spared from tyrosine kinase inhibition. Additional stromal contact led to expansion of LTC-IC in the presence of SU5614. PCR from single hematopoietic colonies of stromal contact cultures revealed both WT and FLT3-ITD products after treatment with SU5614, indicating LTC-IC were of leukemic origin. To further elucidate the mechanism by which stromal contact selectively protects FLT3-ITD+ LTC-IC, leukemic cell lines harboring either FLT3-ITD (MV4-11) or FLT3-WT (RS 4;11) were studied. As expected, SU5614 effectively inhibited constitutively active FLT3 in MV4-11 as well as ligand activated FLT3 in RS 4;11 cell lines independent of stromal contact. However, inhibition of downstream Akt activation by SU5614 in MV4-11 cells was completely abrogated in the presence of stroma. In contrast, stromal contact had no effect on Akt activation in FLT3-WT RS 4;11 cells. Activation of downstream Erk and Stat5 and inhibition by SU5614 were not affected by stromal contact in either cell line. In conclusion, our data suggest activation of alternate signaling pathways in FLT3+ leukemic stem cells allowing escape from dependence on FLT3 signaling and subsequently tyrosine kinase inhibition. In addition, protection of leukemic FLT3-ITD+ LTC-IC is mediated by stromal contact.

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35

Wang, Han y Ming Tang. "Cross-Core and Robust Covert Channel Based on Macro-Op Fusion". Security and Communication Networks 2023 (13 de abril de 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/8031859.

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Covert channels based on the CPU front-end typically utilize time or power differences caused by contention. This requires that the sender and receiver are located on the same and quiet physical core. We propose one channel exploiting the macro-op fusion in the front-end, called MFCC, which has cross-core and robust properties. Macro-op fusion is one of the optimization strategies in x86 microarchitecture, which aims to fuse two macro-ops and decode them into a single micro-op. We reverse the constraints of macro-op fusion and find that decoders stop decoding after two macro-op fusions in one cycle. Thus time differences appear in two identical loops with different virtual addresses, represent-ing one and zero, respectively. We build two types of MFCC: the sender and receiver running in the same thread but operating at different privilege levels, and the two running in two different processes. The accuracy within a single thread is almost independent of the CPU load, while the accuracy of interprocess transmission maintains more than 0.8 even when the CPU load is 100%. Finally, we propose three possible protection strategies: eliminating the macro-op fusion mechanism, adding noise to the hardware counters, and making the events delivered at a defined point in time. This paper demonstrates that even minor optimizations in the front-end can lead to covert transmission.

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36

Goldsen, Karen Fredriksen, Hyun-Jun Kim, Charles Hoy-Ellis y Christi Nelson. "LINKING LIVES: DISRUPTING THE CYCLE OF SOCIAL ISOLATION". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1421.

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Abstract Loneliness has been found to be associated with increased risk for early mortality and dementia, with sexual and gender diverse older adults at elevated risk of both social isolation and loneliness. Based on the Health Equity Promotion Model and Iridescent Life Course, we examine factors associated with increased risk of loneliness over time, utilizing 2014 to 2016 data from the Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, Sexuality/Gender Study, a longitudinal national study of LGBTQ+ midlife and older adults. The findings illustrate that sexual and gender diverse older adults had nearly double rates of loneliness compared to the general population, with those living alone and having cognitive decline at increased risk. We found that higher mastery, LGBTQ+ community engagement, larger network size, and being partnered/married were associated with less loneliness over time. Loneliness is ripe for the development of interventions; additional longitudinal data is needed to further assess trajectories in loneliness.

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37

Liu, Yang, Gang Fu y Dong Xu Zhu. "The Application of GPU in the Acquisition Algorithm of Spread Spectrum Signal Based on Cycle-Related". Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (agosto de 2014): 2867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2867.

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For spreading capture large computation and computational problems of slow, capture method is proposed based on GPU acceleration, the conversion cycle-related acquisition algorithm based on CUDA thread blocks for the implementation of the process, so spreading the capture process is completely in the GPU to accelerate implementation, achieve better results in the calculation, while significantly improving the computational speed of operation. Experimental results show that GPU-based capture method effectively improve the efficiency of the system, compared to CPU operation speed is increased by about 42 times.

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38

Galang Indra Jaya, Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami, Jaka Widada, Wahida Annisa Yusuf, Saipul Abbas, Nur Fatturahman Ridwan y Amir Noviyanto. "Isolation And Characterization Of Phosphate Solving Bacteria From Swamp Soil With High Levels Of Acidity". Jurnal Pertanian 14, n.º 2 (20 de octubre de 2023): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30997/jp.v14i2.9932.

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Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are one of the microbes that play an important role in soil and plant cycles. Phosphate (P) is a very important macronutrient for plants. In soil, most of the P element is found to be unavailable to plants because it is fixed by Ca, Al or Fe. This research aims to identify BPF in acid soil which has the potential to dissolve phosphate elements. The method used in this research is the isolation of BPF from acid soil using the National Botanical Research Institute's Phosphate (NBRIP) medium, phosphate dissolution index test and UV Visual. Soils from overflow type C (TLC) swamps have higher diversity compared to TLB soils. The abundance of BPF in TLC soil was higher (5,4 107 CFU per gram) compared to soil from overflow zone B (TLB) (2,9 107 CFU per gram) because TLC soil had a lower acidity level than TLB. There were 55 BPF isolates obtained from these two types of soil. Two isolates (TLB1 and TLB2) had a better phosphate solubilization index and all potential isolates that were extracted and subjected to gDNA amplification showed a DNA band at 1330-1500 bp.

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39

Deka, Juri, Dwipendra Thakuria, Alarisa Khyllep y Giasuddin Ahmed. "Isolation and Functional Characterization of Beneficial Bacteria Associated with Roots of Thysanolaena Maxima and Rhizospheric Soil Enzymatic Activities in Jhum Agriculture". Current Agriculture Research Journal 7, n.º 2 (12 de junio de 2019): 189–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.7.2.07.

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The activity of amylase (AMY), arylsulphatase (ASA), β-glucosidase (GSA), dehydrogenase (DHA), acid-phosphomonoestarase (PHA) and protease (PRO) enzymes were analyzed in rhizospheric soils of broom grass, Thysanolaena maxima (TM) collected from fallow phases of 5 and 20 years Jhum cycles (F5 and F20, respectively) and their corresponding bulk soils. The activities of soil enzymes from rhizospheric soil of TMF5 were significantly higher relative to that of bulk soils and the rhizospheric soils from TMF20. The counts of rhizobacteria [0.74 ± 0.056 x 107 colony forming unit (cfu) g-1 soil] and root endophytic bacteria (0.083 ± 0.004 x 104 cfu g-1 roots) of TM from F20 fallow phase were higher compared to the counts of rhizobacteria and endophytic bacteria (0.27 ± 0.029 x 107cfu g-1 soil and 0.05 ± 0.008 x 104 cfu g-1 roots, respectively) of TM from F5 fallow phase. Altogether 63 isolates associated with TM were screened for multifaceted plant growth promoting (PGP) traits viz. production of pectinase and cellulase, IAA like substances, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (ACCD), N2-fixation, solubilisation of inorganic phosphorus (iP) from Ca3(PO4)2, AlPO4 and FePO4 and mineralization of organic phosphorus (Na-phytate). The PGP screening results indicated that the percent incidence of rhizobacteria and root endophytic bacteria for PGP traits was higher in F5 fallow phase as compared to F20 fallow phase. These results provided clear indication that TM plants play an important role in rejuvenating the biological activities (in terms of higher activities of enzymes in rhizospheric soils and greater population of beneficial rhizobacteria and root endophytes) in frequently burnt soils under shorter Jhum cycles.

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40

NIEBUHR, STEVEN E. y J. S. DICKSON. "Impact of pH Enhancement on Populations of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Boneless Lean Beef Trimmings†". Journal of Food Protection 66, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2003): 874–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.5.874.

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Boneless lean beef trimmings were inoculated with multiple strains of salmonellae, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 at levels of ca. 6 log10 CFU/g. pH enhancement with ammonia gas was then used to increase the pH of the trimmings to ca. 9.6. The product was then frozen, chipped, and compressed into blocks. pH enhancement reduced the populations of salmonellae, L. monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 by approximately 4, 3, and 1 log10 cycles, respectively. After the product had been frozen and compressed into blocks, no salmonellae or E. coli O157:H7 were detectable by enumeration or after enrichment and isolation. The final populations of L. monocytogenes were reduced by ca. 3 log10 cycles relative to the initial populations. When uninoculated pH-enhanced lean boneless trimmings were blended with inoculated ground beef to a final concentration of 15% (wt/wt), pathogen populations in the ground beef were reduced by approximately 0.2 log10 cycles.

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41

Fedorova, Ekaterina, Ivan Lapatin, Olga Lizyura, Alexander Moiseev, Anatoly Nazarov y Svetlana Paul. "Queueing System with Two Phases of Service and Service Rate Degradation". Axioms 12, n.º 2 (19 de enero de 2023): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12020104.

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In the paper, a queueing system with an unlimited number of servers and two phases of service with degradation in the service rate is studied. The problem of service rate degradation emerges in cloud nodes, where there is contention for hardware resources including computational resources such as CPU cores. In a node, we have a limited number of CPU cores that should execute potentially an unlimited number of processes (requests) in parallel. In our model, the term “server” means a process allocated in the node for execution. So, the number of “servers” is unlimited but their individual performances decrease because CPUs should switch between them during the execution. We consider processes executed in the node with two phases of life cycle that reflects periods with different activity of a process; e.g., in the first phase, the process may require intensive usage of CPU cores but low usage in the second one. Our model distinguishes the phases using different service parameters for them as well as different influence on the service rate degradation in the node. In the paper, two analytical methods are proposed: exact solving of the system of the local balance equation and the asymptotic analysis of the global balance equations. Formulas for the stationary probability distribution of the number of customers in the phases are obtained for both cases. Several numerical examples are provided that illustrate some properties and applicability of the obtained results.

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42

Saptadi, Arief Hendra. "Perbandingan Kecepatan Pencacahan Antara Timer 0 (8 Bit) Dengan Timer 1 (16 Bit) Pada Sistem Mikrokontroler". JURNAL INFOTEL - Informatika Telekomunikasi Elektronika 3, n.º 2 (10 de noviembre de 2011): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20895/infotel.v3i2.90.

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The application of timer/counter in microcontroller system had provided advantages in a way that it didn’t put the burden on CPU resources and enabled CPU to perform other tasks. With the availability of 8-bit and 16-bit timer/counter, the problem laid on the selection of the type of timer/counter being used. From the experiments performed, the minimum system of AVR ATmega8535 microcontroller had precisely counted a number using two different timers/counters, namely, Timer/Counter 0 (8 bit) and Timer/Counter 1 (16 bit). The overflow condition achieved on 8-bit and 16-bit counting cycle activated OCR0 and OCR1AL registers, respectively. Output signals from port B.3 (OC0) and port D.5 (OC1A) are then fed to oscilloscope and put into comparison. From the observation of output signals, it could be proven that the two different timers/counters had equal counting speed. Hence, it can be concluded that the selection of timers/counters is more likely based on the flexibility of count range, program size and execution time

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43

Socolovsky, Merav. "Blood Cell Fate Decisions: Insights from Single-cell RNA-seq". Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13 de noviembre de 2019): SCI—20—SCI—20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121106.

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The manner by which multipotent hematopoietic progenitors commit to the erythroid lineage, and the subsequent processes that govern early erythroid progenitor development, are not well understood. Part of the challenge for investigating these was the lack of a rigorous strategy for isolating directly from tissue the early erythroid progenitors, which are functionally defined as the cell 'units' that give rise to erythroid colonies (CFU-e) or bursts (BFU-e) in culture. Indeed, the early erythroid trajectory, that starts with multi-potential progenitors and gives rise to BFU-e, CFU-e and to erythroblasts undergoing terminal differentiation, was not fully elucidated. We addressed these gaps using single cell transcriptomics, combined with functional assays that validated computational predictions 1. These showed that early hematopoietic progenitors form a continuous, hierarchical branching structure, in which the erythroid and basophil/mast cell fates are unexpectedly coupled. We delineated a novel flow-cytometric strategy that prospectively isolates CFU-e and BFU-e progenitors with high purity, and in combination with computational predictions, identified novel growth factor receptors that regulate early erythropoiesis. We further discovered that early erythroid development entails profound remodeling of both G1 and S phases of the cycle, resulting in cell cycle specializations that orchestrate the developmental process, including a gradual shortening of G1 during the CFU-e phase, followed by a sharp increase in the speed of S phase during the S-phase dependent activation of the erythroid terminal differentiation program 1-3(Figure 2). 1. Tusi BK, Wolock SL, Weinreb C, et al. Population snapshots predict early haematopoietic and erythroid hierarchies. Nature. 2018;555(7694):54-60. 2. Hwang Y, Futran M, Hidalgo D, et al. Global increase in replication fork speed during a p57KIP2-regulated erythroid cell fate switch. Science Advances. 2017;3:e1700298. 3. Pop R, Shearstone JR, Shen Q, et al. A key commitment step in erythropoiesis is synchronized with the cell cycle clock through mutual inhibition between PU.1 and S-phase progression. PLoS Biol. 2010;8(9). Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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44

O'Sullivan, June. "Breaking the Cycle of Intergenerational Isolation in London Neighborhoods". Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 7, n.º 4 (30 de noviembre de 2009): 447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15350770903288696.

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45

Singh, Rachit, Vivek Jayaram y Peter T. A. Reilly. "Duty cycle-based isolation in linear quadrupole ion traps". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 343-344 (junio de 2013): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2013.02.012.

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46

Kauffman, Michael G., Stephen J. Noga, Thomas J. Kelly y Albert D. Donnenberg. "Isolation of cell cycle fractions by counterflow centrifugal elutriation". Analytical Biochemistry 191, n.º 1 (noviembre de 1990): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(90)90384-l.

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47

Seiler, Larry, Daqi Lin y Cem Yuksel. "Compacted CPU/GPU Data Compression via Modified Virtual Address Translation". Proceedings of the ACM on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques 3, n.º 2 (26 de agosto de 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3406177.

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We propose a method to reduce the footprint of compressed data by using modified virtual address translation to permit random access to the data. This extends our prior work on using page translation to perform automatic decompression and deswizzling upon accesses to fixed rate lossy or lossless compressed data. Our compaction method allows a virtual address space the size of the uncompressed data to be used to efficiently access variable-size blocks of compressed data. Compression and decompression take place between the first and second level caches, which allows fast access to uncompressed data in the first level cache and provides data compaction at all other levels of the memory hierarchy. This improves performance and reduces power relative to compressed but uncompacted data. An important property of our method is that compression, decompression, and reallocation are automatically managed by the new hardware without operating system intervention and without storing compression data in the page tables. As a result, although some changes are required in the page manager, it does not need to know the specific compression algorithm and can use a single memory allocation unit size. We tested our method with two sample CPU algorithms. When performing depth buffer occlusion tests, our method reduces the memory footprint by 3.1x. When rendering into textures, our method reduces the footprint by 1.69x before rendering and 1.63x after. In both cases, the power and cycle time are better than for uncompacted compressed data, and significantly better than for accessing uncompressed data.

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48

Varghese, Renjit A., Gleeson Rebello, Hitesh Shah y Benjamin Joseph. "Biomechanical Basis for Treatment of Pediatric Foot Deformities Part I: Mechanics of the Foot". Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America 4, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55275/jposna-2022-0028.

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The foot functions as a flexible structure during major part of the stance phase of the gait cycle but changes into a rigid structure in the terminal part of stance to enable a powerful push-off. This illustrated review describes the mechanics of the foot during inversion and eversion and explains in some detail how the calcaneum moves under a stationary talus in three planes simultaneously around a single oblique axis. The illustrations show how during eversion the calcaneum dorsiflexes, abducts and pronates while it plantarflexes, adducts and supinates during inversion. The talus remains static while the rest of the foot moves as a unit, referred to as the calcaneo-pedal unit (CPU), around the head of the talus. The socket-like hollow in the CPU consisting of the anterior and middle articular facets of the calcaneum, the articular fact of the navicular and the spring ligament constitute the “acetabulum pedis” which rotates around the talus. The foot, on occasion, functions like a twisted plate influencing the inter-relationship between the hindfoot and forefoot. This explains how a forefoot deformity may cause a secondary compensatory deformity of the hindfoot.

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49

Xue, Fei, Yundi Chen, Yi Wen, Komal Abhange, Wenlong Zhang, Gong Cheng, Zachary Quinn, Wenjun Mao y Yuan Wan. "Isolation of extracellular vesicles with multivalent aptamers". Analyst 146, n.º 1 (2021): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0an01420f.

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50

Zhang, Y. P., Y. M. Chen, J. K. Liu y G. Meng. "Highly Accurate Solution of Limit Cycle Oscillation of an Airfoil in Subsonic Flow". Advances in Acoustics and Vibration 2011 (23 de junio de 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/926271.

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The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed to propose a highly accurate technique for solving strongly nonlinear aeroelastic systems of airfoils in subsonic flow. The frequencies and amplitudes of limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) arising in the considered systems are expanded as series of an embedding parameter. A series of algebraic equations are then derived, which determine the coefficients of the series. Importantly, all these equations are linear except the first one. Using some routine procedures to deduce these equations, an obstacle would arise in expanding some fractional functions as series in the embedding parameter. To this end, an approach is proposed for the expansion of fractional function. This provides us with a simple yet efficient iteration scheme to seek very-high-order approximations. Numerical examples show that the HAM solutions are obtained very precisely. At the same time, the CPU time needed can be significantly reduced by using the presented approach rather than by the usual procedure in expanding fractional functions.

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