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Buchari, Cindy P. C. Munaiseche, Sondy C. Kumajas, Nilla Ayu Pratiwi. "IMPLEMENTASI TEKNIK LOW LIGHT MENGGUNAKAN SMARTPHONE BERBASIS IOS UNTUK MENGHASILKAN BEST PRACTICE FOTOGRAFI INDOOR". Ismart Edu: Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Informasi 2, n.º 1 (8 de septiembre de 2021): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/ise.v2i1.2233.
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Hasil pemotretan yang maksimal diperlukan teknik dasar fotografi yang banyak di adaptasi dari fotografi profesional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan best practice dengan menggunakan teknik low light fotografi indoor menggunakan smartphone berbasis iOS. Penelitian ini menggunakan mix methods yaitu gabungan dari penelitian kualitatif dan penelitian kuantitatif dengan mengikuti metodologi yang ada peneliti menggunakan Photography Framework yang memiliki 4 tahapan yaitu planning, preparation, action on site, dan evaluation. Data yang dikumpulkan pada penelitian ini menggunakan angket yang disebarkan lewat google form sebanyak 2 kali dengan responden 150 dan 35. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa best practice low light fotografi indoor pada tipe fotografi food photography yaitu ISO 200, shutter speed 1/80, portrait photography ISO 186, shutter speed 1/14, fashion photography ISO 800, shutter speed 1/40, candid photography ISO 188, shutter speed 1/14, architectural photography ISO 187, shutter speed 1/16, sport photography ISO 800, shutter speed 1/40 dengan menggunakan aperture standar handphone f/2.2.
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Igual, Jorge. "Photographic Noise Performance Measures Based on RAW Files Analysis of Consumer Cameras". Electronics 8, n.º 11 (4 de noviembre de 2019): 1284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111284.
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Photography is being benefited from the huge improvement in CMOS image sensors. New cameras extend the dynamic range allowing photographers to take photos with a higher quality than they could imagine one decade ago. However, the existence of different technologies make more complicated the photographic analysis of how to determine the optimal camera exposure settings. In this paper, we analyze how the different noise models are translated to different signal to noise S N R curve patterns and which factors are relevant. In particular, we discuss profoundly the relationships between exposure settings (shutter speed, aperture and ISO). Since a fair comparison between cameras can be tricky because of different pixel size, sensor format or ISO scale definition, we explain how the pixel analysis of a camera can be translated to a more helpful universal photographic noise measure based on human perception and common photography rules. We analyze the RAW files of different camera models and show how the noise performance analysis ( S N R and dynamic range) interact with photographer’s requirements.
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Vural, Erdinc. "The use of high molecular iso-amyl alcohol as an alternative fuel for compression ignition engines". Thermal Science 26, n.º 4 Part A (2022): 2919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2204919v.
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Currently, many studies are being conducted to improve the emissions and combustion of diesel fuels of diesel vehicles. The majority of these studies consist of alcohol-derived fuels. Alcohol fuels are usually composed of butanol, methenol, and ethanol fuels. However, a high molecular alcohol such as iso-amyl with a high calorific value, which can be produced from sugar beet pulp, is the focus of more attention. Iso-amyl alcohol, chemical formula (CH3)2CH-CH2CH2-OH, oxygen rich, can mix with solvents such as ether, photography, pharmaceutical industry, milk oil quantity determination and synthesis, used in a colorless, foul-smelling liquid. In this study, the effects of the addition of iso-amyl alcohol to diesel fuel in order to reduce Diesel engine emissions were examined. For this purpose, 5%, 10%, and 20% iso-amyl alcohol were added to the diesel fuel. The resulting mixtures were subjected to full fuel analysis, unlike other studies. After that, the fuel mixtures in a Diesel engine at different engine speeds at full load (1400 rpm, 1700 rpm, 2000 rpm, 2300 rpm, 2600 rpm, 2900 rpm. and 3200 rpm) were tried. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the contribution of iso-amyl alcohol caused a 1% -3% reduction in cylinder pressure, 12-20% in power, and 8-25% in torque. Furthermore, when examined in terms of exhaust gas emissions, it decreased in NOx emission by 1-10%, in smoke opacity by 9-36%, and in HC emission by 6-44%.
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T, Keerthana, Sindhu Ramesh y Dheepshi M. "Comparative Evaluation of Hue Value Chroma using Cross Polarised Photography". International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 8, n.º 4 (13 de diciembre de 2023): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20230427.
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Introduction: Digital photographs offer a wide range of colour options. They aid in increasing communication between a dentist and a technician by making the morphology, colour, and texture of the teeth easier to visualise. A polarising filter reduces reflections and glare while boosting colour saturation in an image. The aim of the study was to analyse images with and without polarised photography. Methodology: A total of 125 images of shade guidelines were collected for this study, 5 each shade tab for 5 shades (A1 to A4). We looked at the following shade guidance systems: VITA Classical (VITA Zahnfabrik) (control), IPS e. max Ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent) were photographed with a Canon EOS 60D digital camera and a 100-mm Canon Macro Lens. Ambient light, exposure (1/125, f16), ISO (100), flash (ETTL), distance, focusing (1:1), and backdrop were all standardized in the photographs. The Adobe RGB colour system was utilised since it covers nearly half of the Lab colour space. Results: Mean and standard deviation values of images with and without cross polarised photography were compared. Hue, value, chroma of the images were assessed showing no statistical difference among the images with and without cross polarised photography. Conclusion: Compared to visual and digital photographic approaches for choosing shades, the application of polarising filters had negligible effect on shade choice. When routinely practised, shade matching can improve a clinician's ability to choose the appropriate shade. Thus, knowledge and training may help someone become better at shade matching. Keywords: Hue, value, chroma, cross polarised photography, Camera, Ring flash, Micro lens.
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Gunawan, Chairul, Fauziah Fauziah y Nur Hayati. "Prototipe Light Meter Fotografi Studio Menggunakan Mikrokontroler ATMega328 Berbasis Sensor Cahaya dan Warna". JURNAL MEDIA INFORMATIKA BUDIDARMA 5, n.º 3 (31 de julio de 2021): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/mib.v5i3.3043.
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Accuracy in calculating exposure in photographic techniques is the key to being able to produce good quality photos. The light calculation includes three elements (Triangel Exposure), namely shutter speed (shutter speed / t), ISO sensitivity, and diaphragm (aperture / f). A light meter is a tool for calculating lighting in the world of photography to accurately calculate the light falling in or around the object to be photographed. The light meter has a working principle like a lux meter calculates the value of light intensity in a place. However, on a light meter for photography, there is a calculation of a triangle exposure in it. This light meter prototype uses an ATMega328 microcontroller on the Arduino Nano V3 with the help of a TSL2561 light sensor and a TCS34725 RGB color sensor. Tests were carried out by comparing the output value using an original light meter, namely Sekonik Flashmate L-308X with the continuous light shooting method. The results of the test using the original tool with the ATMega328 microcontroller produced values above 90%.
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Rabie, Tamer. "Adaptive hybrid mean and median filtering of high-ISO long-exposure sensor noise for digital photography". Journal of Electronic Imaging 13, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2004): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.1668279.
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Gunawan, Agnes Paulina. "Pengenalan Teknik Dasar Fotografi". Humaniora 4, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2013): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v4i1.3460.
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These days, development in camera has become very fast and has made the society easier to develop photography as their hobbies. This can happen especially with the digital era that does not need time to process the films and to print the photos. Nowadays, photographers just need to shoot, check the results, and delete them if they are not satisfied with the outcome, or, they can save them when the pictures meet their expectations. Basically, this really has made both advanced and amateur photographers easy to work better. However, if the user does not completely understand the basic exposure techniques in photography, then it will be such a pity. They will not be able to explore the techniques that can be maximized and used to have the alternatives when it comes to working in the field. By learning these techniques, photographers can make use of the background, surroundings, and the activities of the objects, in order to achieve variations and creativity in the outcome. This is possible when they have mastered and maximized the use of diaphragm, shutter speed, ISO, and all other techniques that can be formed using these basics features.
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Arya Putra, I. Putu Dudyk. "PELATIHAN FOTOGRAFI DAN PENGELOLAAN MEDIA SOSIAL PADA POKDARWIS PEMANIS HERITAGE DESA WISATA BIAUNG TABANAN BALI". Jurnal Nawala Visual 4, n.º 1 (2 de mayo de 2022): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35886/nawalavisual.v4i1.353.
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Pemanis Heritage is part of the Biaung Cultural Tourism Village tourism group located in Penebel District, Tabanan Regency, Bali Province. The Biaung Cultural Tourism Village concept has been developed since 2006. The Biaung Cultural Tourism Village concept consists of several tourism awareness groups (POKDARWIS) located in each of the traditional villages in the Biaung Village area. POKDARWIS Desa Adat Pemanis, here in after referred to as Pemanis Heritage, is managed independently by Desa Adat Pemanis by forming a Pemanis Heritage manager and its activities involve all elements of the community of Desa Adat Pemanis, one of which is the Sekaa Teruna or traditional village youth organizations. Pemanis Heritage prioritizes natural and cultural tourism. This is in accordance with the unspoiled potential of the Sweet Traditional Village. Cultural tourism that can be developed at Pemanis Heritage is closely related to the cultural richness in Pemanis, such as the existence of ancient temple sites with the form of punden terraces and menhirs, agrarian traditions that are still maintained by the community, traditional culinary riches, and other potentials that continue to be explored. The problem faced by POKDARWIS Pemanis Heritage is, the management of existing promotional media that has not been maximized, Pemanis Heritage has several social media accounts such as Facebook and Instagram. However, the management of these two accounts has not been maximized so that it cannot be a media for promotion and the right information. This deficiency occurs due to the absence of Human Resources who understand the concept of digital marketing, especially the management of social media content, photography and videography skills. The solution offered in this activity program is to provide photography training by concentrating on the use of simple photography techniques that are still based on photographic science such as Speed, Diaphragm, ISO, composition, lighting, depth of field and several approaches in taking photographic objects so that the purpose of this research is valuable. in the improvement and introduction of a new tourist destination POKDARWIS Pemanis Heritage, Biaung village, Penebel Bali.
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Saat, Aminuddin, Mazlan Abdul Wahid y Muhamad Said Mohd Farid. "Early Flame Development in the Combustion of Droplet and Vapour Mixtures". Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (agosto de 2013): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.223.
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Experimental investigations of combustion of droplet and vapour mixtures under quiescent condition have been conducted in a closed combustion vessel. Droplet and vapour mixtures or aerosol mixtures were generated by expansion of iso-octane gaseous pre-mixture to produce a homogeneously distributed suspension of fuel droplets. The aerosol mixtures were ignited centrally in the combustion vessel and the flame development was recorded by schlieren photography. The effect of fuel droplets in the early stage of flame propagation was investigated by comparing the flame structure and flame speed of gaseous mixtures at identical conditions. Comparison between gaseous and aerosol flame have shown quantitatively that the presence of fuel droplets causes earlier onset of instabilities and cellularity than for gaseous flames, particularly at rich conditions. This difference was shown to be a function of droplet size and overall equivalence ratio. It is suggested that these factors lead to vary the local equivalence ratio which increases the initial burning rate of lean aerosols, but decreases that of rich ones.
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SUSANTI, INDAH. "MEMBACA MAKNA KARYA FOTOGRAFI DOKUMENTER". Ekspresi Seni : Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Karya Seni 23, n.º 1 (7 de julio de 2021): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.26887/ekspresi.v22i2.1074.
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AbstrakFoto dokumenter adalah penggambaran dunia nyata oleh fotografer. Gambaran tersebut menyampaikan sesuatu yang penting dan memberikan komentar agar dimengerti oleh orang lain. Secara tidak langsung, hal ini dapat dikonsumsi public guna mempertahankan sebuah warisan budaya. Visualisasi dari dunia nyata yang direkam oleh seorang fotografer juga berupaya mengkomunikasikan dan memberikan informasi terhadap suatu peristiwa. Apa yang divisualkan oleh seorang fotografer merupakan bentuk ekspresi dan suatu upaya merespon lingkungannya. Kepekaan seorang fotografer akan menggerakkan ISO, Speed dan Diafragma. Setiap momen adalah peristiwa penting, setiap tekanan shutter adalah wujud kepeduliannya. Dalam Artikel ini, penulis melakukan pemaknaan terhadap tiga karya fotografi documenter 1). Ragam Hias Rumah Gadang, 2). Eksistensi Tebu Lawang, 3). Ibu Yusnidar Pembuat Saka Tabu Bukik Batabuh. AbstractDocumentary photos are real-world depictions by photographers. The picture conveys something important and provides comments so that others can understand it. Indirectly, this can be consumed by the public to maintain cultural heritage. Visualizing the real world recorded by a photographer also seeks to communicate and provide information about an event. What a photographer visualizes is a form of expression and an attempt to respond to his environment. The sensitivity of a photographer will move the ISO, Speed , and Diaphragm. Every moment is an important event, and every shutter press is an expression of concern. In this article, the author interprets the three works of documentary photography 1). Ornamental Variety of Rumah Gadang, 2). The existence of Lawang Sugarcane,Ragam Hias Rumah Gadang, 2). Eksistensi Tebu Lawang, 3). Ibu Yusnidar Pembuat Saka Tabu Bukik Batabuh.
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Yurchenko, Vladislav I. "DESIGN PECULIARITIES OF THE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FROM AN UNMANNED AIRCRAFT". Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 26, n.º 2 (2021): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2021-26-2-65-81.
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The existing publicly available programs for the design of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flights assume an initial level of personnel training and do not provide for a detailed study of the aerial pho-tography project (APP) in terms of photogrammetric and visual (photographic) quality of photographic materials, requirements of regulatory documents for the accuracy of the final product. In order to achieve the topographic quality of the APP with UAV, it is necessary to take into account a number of its features. The paper considers the issues of determining the optimal duration of the aerial photog-raphy day and the effective image format when using interchangeable lenses. It also provides the rec-ommended procedure for calculating the parameters of the topographic APP, taking into account the data of the exposure triangle "shutter speed - aperture - photosensitivity (ISO)", requirements for the maximum quality and theoretical resolution of the "lens - digital image" system. The technique of de-termining the position of high-rise objects relative to the boundaries of the depth of field (DOF) at giv-en exposure parameters of the camera and the possibility of their correction is described. Based on the theoretical provisions, the author has developed a program that allows it possible to carry out the com-prehensive design of aerial photography works with UAVs, including consumer cameras to obtain re-sults of topographic quality. According to the results of the carried out research, it was concluded that an iterative approach to the design of APP parameters is necessary based on the data on shoot location, the customer's requirements for accuracy, the characteristics of the UAV, and the used photographic equipment.
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Pérez, Francisco L. "Talus fabric, clast morphology, and botanical Indicators of Slope Processes on the Chaos Crags (California Cascades), U.S.A." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 52, n.º 1 (2 de octubre de 2002): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004861ar.
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AbstractThe Chaos Crags, a group of dacite domes in the Cascades Mtns (California), were affected by volcanic debris avalanches ca. 1675 A.D.; these left a sizable deposit and a scar on the north mountain flank, now covered by talus. This report examines the fabric and morphology of talus debris, their spatial variation, and the geomorphic processes presently affecting the slope. The talus presents a bi-segmented profile with a steep upper rectilinear segment and a shorter concave, basal zone. Debris are sorted by size both along (larger clasts downslope) and across the talus (larger particles below the cliffs). Shape sorting is weaker, but clast sphericity increases, and elongation decreases, toward the footslope. Upper-talus fabrics (long axes parallel to talus plane and slope) show that clasts there move by sliding, while basal blocks are deposited by rockfall, which causes more iso- tropic fabrics. Field observations and botanical evidence indicate the overall significance of grain flows, which are prevalent duetoanabundantsupplyofrubbleonthe upper talus. Comparison with similar recent slopes and repeat photography suggest the Chaos talus formed swiftly following dome collapse, when much debris may have collected below the unstable rockwalls. The talus has experienced only modest sedimentation during the 20thcentury, and is currently affected by 'normal' mass-wasting processes, which also include snow avalanches and debris flows.
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Annisa, Mutiara, Harsini Harsini y Archadian Nuryanti. "The comparison of two programmes to measure color difference (ΔE) from tooth sample photo". Odonto : Dental Journal 10, n.º 2 (29 de diciembre de 2023): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.10.2.257-267.
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Background: Color evaluation is crucial to evaluate a material’s quality. One alternative method for evaluating material’s color is using photographs analysed by software. This research evaluates the use of digital imaging and software (ImageJ and Photoshop) to obtain color differences of tooth sample in-vitro. Method: The sample used is bovine teeth that were given tea-staining and brushing treatment using five tested toothpastes. Sample’s photographs for each toothpaste’s group (n=4) were taken before and after experiment. DLSR Nikon D90 was used with digital CCD censor, macro lens 105mm, manual setting (ISO 200, F-Stop 5, Shutter Speed 1/400) with distance to sample of 25cm. Sample was positioned in foldable mini-studio-box (24.5x24.5x22.5cm) with LED-lighting (6500-7000 color temperature). The photographs were taken in close room at 11.00am. Two software were used to obtain the color value from pre- and post-experimental photographs of the sample at the middle-third of the sample using CIE-Lab (Commision Internacional de l’Eclairage L*a*b) color system. The resulted color difference (ΔE) value of sample from the two-software were compared using independent T-test and evaluate the measurement accuracy using Pearson’s correlation (α=0.05). Result: ImageJ and Photoshop analyses of the sample photographs yield comparable ΔE values, as determined by an independent T-test (p=0.893). The Pearson correlation test reveals a positive correlation (R=0.904) between the two software. Conclusion: The use of digital photography and software to obtain ΔE values are accurate, representative, and recommended when taking into account the controlled procedure of photographing the sample and analysing the sample's color value.
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Karpinkyi, Yurii y Nadiia Lazorenko-Hevel. "GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY". GEODESY, CARTOGRAPHY AND AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY 92,2020, n.º 92 (24 de diciembre de 2020): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/istcgcap2020.92.024.
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The article proposes a new development concept of topographic mapping in Ukraine. The goal. It is based on the implementation of a new system model that responds to the geoinformation approach to topographic mapping in the development of National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) and provides the creation of geospatial data sets in the form of databases and knowledge bases based on existing standards and specifications: series of International Standards ISO 19100 “Geographic information/Geomatics”, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGS), INSPIRE, National Standards of Ukraine (DSTU), Complex of Standards Organization of Ukraine (SOU) “Topographic database”. Methods. The basis for the research is the analysis of the possibilities of applying the theory of databases and knowledge bases International Standards and specifications. Scientific novelty and practical significance. It provides a high intellectual level of Core Reference and profile geospatial data, which is capable to provide geoinformation analysis and modeling in modern GIS. In addition, the implementation the infrastructure approach to topographic production and the creation and development of a permanent topographic monitoring system will ensure the publication of geospatial data in real time, almost simultaneously with changes in the terrain, which guarantees the maintenance of the single digital topographic basis and, accordingly, Core Reference Datasets for NSDI.
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Mustafa M Amami, Ali M El-Turki, Asim I Rustum, Ibrahim M El-Amaari y Tariq A Jabir. "Topographic Surveying using Low-Cost Amateur Drones & 4K Ultra-High-Definition Videos". Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology 4, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2022): 072–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2022.4.2.0040.
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These days, the science of photogrammetry is frequently used in a wide range of applications, including engineering geology, medication, security, navigation, and topographic surveying works. Drones have gradually become an effectual and frequent technique for obtaining a number of photogrammetric products, such as ortho-mosaics, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and land detailed topographic maps. This paper investigates the possibility of employing low-cost amateur drones with 4K Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) video for topographic surveying works and creating DEM's. DJI Mavic 2 PRO drone with Hasselblad L1D-20C 20 MP camera has been used for covering an expected gas & oil pipeline route in the South of Libya with length of nearly 15 km and width of 200 m. 60 well-distributed high-quality 3D ground points, divided as 30 Ground Control Points (GCP's) and 30 check points, have been used for more stable and robust photogrammetric processing and for reliable evaluation, respectively. The camera has been calibrated twice, before and after executing the flight mission for trustworthy Interior Orientation Elements (IOE's). The recorded video has been split into smaller videos based on the capturing time of the required frames, and the small videos have been extracted to individual UHD photos using Matlab image tools. Leica Photogrammetric Suite (LPS) software has been used for all processing steps, except the automatic filtration of the generated tie points, which has been carried out using self-developed Matlab algorithm for epipolar geometry and 2D transformation based filters. Results show that DEM's with quality of nearly 1.2 to 2 decimeter in plane and elevation, respectively can be obtained using DJI Mavic 2 PRO drone, 4K UHD video taken by Hasselblad L1D-20C 20 MP camera, pixel ground footprint of 8 cm, and flight height of 350 m. This level of accuracy is appropriate for many engineering applications, such as initial-planning projects stretched on huge areas, urban development plans, GIS data collection, inventory of earth works materials, and 3D modeling. The obtained quality of the generated DEM depends on the flight height and the camera quality, IOE's, and resolution. Tests show that using 4K UHD video for photogrammetric applications can provide UHD extracted frames, similar to that captured singly, especially with fit flight speed and camera settings, namely: ISO sensitivity, shatter speed, and aperture size. Also, using video facilitates the aerial photography process, overcoming the difficulties of determining the suitable capturing time and location of individual photos in site. The other advantage is the ability of taking alternative frames if the selected images are not suitable for photogrammetric works in terms of tilting and blurring. The opportunity of changing the overlapping rates across the route is another important advantage of using video, especially for curvy routes. Moreover, using different groups of overlapped images for the same route helps for creating different DEM's for the same area, resulting more precise and dense topographic surveying works.
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Mosquera, Camilo. "How to Improve Clinical Photography Image Quality in Craniomaxillofacial and Reconstructive Surgery". Journal of Diagnostics and Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 7, n.º 11 (30 de noviembre de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.23999/j.dtomp.2023.11.1.
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Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe the most common variables impacting image quality and discuss tips to improve clinical perioperative photographic skills in craniomaxillofacial and reconstructive surgery. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to describe the basic concepts of photography and its applications in medical perioperative photography. Data sources included peer-reviewed articles and clinical studies on medical photography. Results: Medical photography in craniomaxillofacial and reconstructive surgery is an indispensable tool for obtaining precise documentation of conditions and surgical procedures. To understand the basics of medical photography, it is necessary to be familiar with the fundamental concepts of photography, such as exposure, aperture, shutter speed, ISO, and composition, as well as basic camera specifications, lenses, and flash equipment. Perioperative medical photography can be divided into pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative photography. While the basic concepts of photography are transferrable among the different phases of perioperative photographic documentation, some tips can be applied to improve the quality of the images at each stage. Conclusions: Enhancing the quality of perioperative photography is essential for the comprehensive documentation and communication of surgical procedures. The standardization and consistency in photographic tools, a clean surgical field with good framing, lighting, and focus with the appropriate aperture and shutter speed will produce better and sharper images.
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Iqbal, Usama. "Smartphone fundus photography: a narrative review". International Journal of Retina and Vitreous 7, n.º 1 (8 de junio de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40942-021-00313-9.
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Abstract Background The idea to use smartphone for fundus photography was put forward in 2010. Over the last decade, there has been a dramatic development in this field. This narrative review focuses on the principle of smartphone fundus photography, how to master this technique, problems encountered by the beginners, camera applications/devices designed for this purpose and the safety profile of smartphone flashlights for retinal photoreceptors. Discussion Smartphone fundus photography using a condensing lens is based on the same principle as indirect ophthalmoscopy. Smartphone flashlight serves the purpose of light source or illuminating system. Real and inverted image of the retina is focused by the smartphone camera after adjustment of the filming distance. Beginners can face difficulties like adjustment of the filming distance, glare from condensing lens and reflection from the ceiling lights. Mobile camera applications and holding devices designed for this purpose can help the beginners to address these difficulties. There have been safety concerns about photo-biological risk for retinal photoreceptors by flashlight. Although the spectral irradiance on the retina, while using smartphone for fundus imaging is within the safety limits set by ISO 15004-2.2. The safety profile of latest model flashlights which deliver more power compared to older flashlights, need to be assessed. Conclusion Smartphone fundus photography is a cheap, cost effective, portable and a convenient method for retinal imaging. With practice and use of smartphone camera applications designed for this purpose, the beginners can master this technique. By training young ophthalmology residents and ophthalmic primary caretakers, this retinal imaging technique can be utilized for artificial intelligence, patient diagnostic and educational purposes.
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Budiningsih, Yuli, Agus Purwadianto, Aria Yudhistira y Agusalam Budiarso. "Digital image characteristics for enhanced interpretation in child sexual violence case examinations". Medical Journal of Indonesia, 26 de abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.247169.
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BACKGROUND Photography is an integrated part of standard forensic examination procedures, acting as a guide and the evidence itself. Despite its potential, no research has yet explored the use of 35mm format cameras (digital single-lens reflex [DSLR]) in sexual violence cases. This study aimed to assess the impact of DSLR camera image characteristics on the interpretation of child sexual abuse cases. METHODS This cross-sectional study used 55 digital photos selected through a convenience sampling. The samples were interpreted by two independent forensic experts who were not affiliated with this research and were compared with the results of the doctor’s examination from the medical records. RESULTS The metadata extraction results (EXIF data) indicated that all characteristic values had an abnormal distribution. The digital photos’ characteristics were associated with the use of a 50mm focal length (p = 0.011). A range of lens opening values (aperture = f7.1–f8.0), shutter speed (1/100–1/125 sec), and sensor sensitivity (ISO = 800–1600) were not associated with the experts’ interpretation conformity. Additionally, the conformity index for the overall interpretation by the two forensic experts differed in each area. CONCLUSIONS Focal length of 50mm was significantly related to interpretation conformity. The exposure triangle settings, including aperture (f7.1–f8.0), shutter speed (1/100–1/125 sec), and ISO (800–1600), can serve as fundamental guidelines for digital camera settings in examining child sexual violence cases.
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Wang, Yu, Lesley Gibson, Mohamed Beshir y David Rush. "Determination of Critical Separation Distance Between Dwellings in Informal Settlements Fire". Fire Technology, 5 de enero de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10694-020-01075-w.
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AbstractApproximately one billion people across the globe are living in informal settlements with a large potential fire risk. Due to the high dwelling density, a single informal settlement dwelling fire may result in a very serious fire disaster leaving thousands of people homeless. In this work, a simple physics-based theoretical model was employed to assess the critical fire separation distance between dwellings. The heat flux and ejected flame length were obtained from a full-scale dwelling tests with ISO 9705 dimension (3.6 m × 2.4 m × 2.4 m) to estimate the radiation decay coefficient of the radiation heat flux away from the open door. The ignition potential of combustible materials in adjacent dwellings are analyzed based on the critical heat flux from cone calorimeter tests. To verify the critical distance in real informal settlement fire, a parallel method using aerial photography within geographic information systems (GIS), was employed to determine the critical separation distances in four real informal settlement fires of 2014–2015 in Masiphumelele, Cape Town, South Africa. The fire-spread distances were obtained as well through the real fires. The probabilistic analysis was conducted by Weibull distribution and logistic regression, and the corresponding separation distances were given with different fire spread probabilities. From the experiments with the assumption of no interventions and open doors and windows, it was established that the heat flux would decay from around 36 kW/m2 within a distance of 1.0 m to a value smaller than 5 kW/m2 at a distance of 4.0 m. Both experiments and GIS results agree well and suggest the ignition probabilities at distances of 1.0 m, 2.0 m and 3.0 m are 97%, 52% and 5% respectively. While wind is not explicitly considered in the work, it is implicit within the GIS analyses of fire spread risk, therefore, it is reasonable to say that there is a relatively low fire spread risk at distances greater than 3 m. The distance of 1.0 m in GIS is verified to well and conservatively predict the fire spread risk in the informal settlements.
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Rondón, Airin Karelys Avendaño, Maribí Isomar Terán Lozada, Priscilla Barbosa Ferreira Soares, Luis Henrique Araujo Raposo y Carlos José Soares. "Effect of different materials for conventional and 3D‐printed models on the mechanical properties of ethylene‐vinyl acetate utilized for fabricating custom‐fit mouthguards". Dental Traumatology, 23 de noviembre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/edt.12912.
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AbstractBackground/AimThe interaction between the ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) with distinct materials utilized for obtaining dental models can affect the performance of resulting mouthguards. This study attempted to evaluate the effect of different materials for conventional (dental stone) or 3D‐printed (resin) models on EVA's physical and mechanical properties and surface characteristics.Material and MethodsEVA sheets (Bioart) were laminated over four model types: GIV, conventional Type IV dental stone model (Zhermak); ReG, resin‐reinforced Type IV dental stone model (Zero Stone); 3DnT, 3D resin printed model (Anycubic) without surface treatment; 3DT, 3D‐printed model (Anycubic) with water‐soluble gel (KY Jelly Lubricant, Johnson & Johnson) coating during post‐curing process. The EVA specimens were cut following the ISO 37‐II standard (n = 30). Shore A hardness was measured before and after plasticization on the contact (internal) or opposite (external) surfaces with the model. The breaking force (F, N), elongation (EL, mm), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS, MPa) were measured using a universal testing machine. Macro‐photography and scanning electron microscopy were adopted for classifying the EVA surface alteration. Data were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA with repeated measures, followed by Tukey's test (α = .05).ResultsPlasticization significantly decreased Shore A values for the tested EVA regardless of the model type (p < .001). Higher F, El, and UTS values were verified for the EVA with 3DT and GIV models compared to ReG and 3DnT (p < .001). 3DnT models resulted in severe surface alteration and a greater reduction of the mechanical properties of the EVA.ConclusionThe interaction of EVA with 3D resin‐printed models without surface treatment or resin‐reinforced Type IV dental stone models significantly affected the physical and mechanical properties of this material. The utilization of water‐soluble gel coating during the post‐curing process of 3D resin printed models improved the mechanical properties of the EVA, similarly when this material was plasticized over conventional Type IV dental stone model.