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1
Sani, Sani Baba. "The regulatory environment for foreign investments in Nigeria". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12969.
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Includes bibliographical references.Foreign investment is one of the key elements of economic development in Nigeria. Yet the process of regulating it is challenging and problematic, particularly in the northern parts of Nigeria where people prefer informal investments and tend to ignore the necessary laws governing investments. Today in Nigeria as in most African countries, there are many investors, most of them from Asia, who are very insensitive to the rule of law. They invest and carry out business in Nigeria and particularly northern Nigeria often in breach of investment laws. Nigerian investment regulatory laws were made to provide security and protection of investors’ interests, but these laws are ignored due to their technicality. There is no doubt that the regulatory environment for investment will work better and more securely when there is a system of compliance. The dissertation will focus on the theoretical and practical analysis of investment security laws in Nigeria, and not the root of investment as a concept itself which is beyond the scope of this work.
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Kruger, L. S. "Attracting foreign direct investment in Africa : South Africa and Nigeria : a comparative study". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50284.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Foreign direct investment is generally welcomed and sought after by developing countries such as South Africa and seen as an important vehicle to raise capital and promote growth. This h as also been recognised by the South A frican government that indicated that foreign direct investment (FDI) has been identified as a requirement in their fight against poverty and to fuel development. South Africa, unfortunately has not been able to attract significant and sustainable amounts of FDI and has been identified by Unctad World Investment Report (2004: 14) as a country that is performing under its potential in attracting FDI. Other countries in Africa like Nigeria seem to be able to consistently attract more FDI while they are less competitive and politically less stable than South Africa. This study seeks to explore the reasons for this disparity in FDI flows with special reference toN igeria a nd South Africa, to assess t he difference inc ompetitiveness between the two countries, to asses the impact of this on FDI flows and to analyse and compare the reasons for FDI in South Africa and Nigeria utilising certain Unctad and WAIPA criteria. The conclusion is that multinational companies are profit seeking and that they will take on considerable risk (such as political instability for example) if the returns are high enough. Nigeria is attracting mostly resource-seeking FDI to its rich oil sector through multinational oil companies that have the technology and capability to extract the oil economically. This is happening regardless of the fact that the country's infrastructure and institutions are weak, widespread violence and political instability is at the order of the day, Nigeria has a small economy (and hence a small market) and is plagued by high levels of corruption. South Africa in contrast, while also having natural resources has attracted mainly market-seeking FDI. The South African markets however are not particularly big when compared to other first world countries and these FDI flows are not sustainable. South Africa would need to concentrate on becoming more efficient if it wants to attract more FDI but will be competing with other countries like Malaysia, India and Eastern Europe in the process that proves to be a challenge currently.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontwikkelende lande soos Suid-Afrika verwelkom en soek oor die algemeen direkte buitelandse belegging en dit word beskou as 'n belangrike manier om kapitaal te bekom en groei te bevorder. Hierdie beskouing word ook gehandhaaf deur die Suid- Afrikaanse regering wat aangedui het dat direkte buitelandse belegging identifiseer is as 'n vereiste vir die stryd teen armoede en om ontwikkeling te bevorder. Ongelukkig het Suid-Afrika nog nie daarin geslaag om beduidende en standhoudende hoeveelhede direkte buitelandse belegging te lok nie en is deur die Unctad World Investment Report (2004:14) identifiseer as 'n land wat onderpresteer met betrekking tot sy vermoë om direkte buitelandse belegging te lok. Ander lande in Afrika, soos Nigerië, blyk in staat te wees om deurlopend meer direkte buitelandse belegging te lok, terwyl hulle minder kompeterend en polities minder stabiel is as Suid-Afrika. Die doel van hierdie studie is om die redes vir hierdie ongelykheid in die vloei van direkte buitelandse belegging te ondersoek met spesifieke verwysing na Nigerië en Suid-Afrika, om die verskille in kompeterendheid tussen die twee lande te oorweeg, om die impak hiervan op die vloei van direkte buitelandse belegging te ondersoek en om die redes vir direkte buitelandse belegging in Suid-Afrika en Nigerië te analiseer en te vergelyk met behulp van sekere van die Unctad en WAIPA kriteria. Die slotsom is dat multinasionale maatskappye winste najaag en dat hulle aansienlike risiko's sal neem (bv. politiese onstabiliteit), as die opbrengste hoog genoeg is. Nigerië lok meestal hulpbron-gedrewe direkte buitelandse belegging na sy ryk oliesektor deur internasionale oliemaatskappye wat beskik oor die tegnologie en kapasiteit om die olie ekonomies te ontgin. Dit gebeur ongeag die feit dat die land se infrastruktuur en organisasies swak is, wydverspreide geweld voorkom, politieke onstabiliteit aan die orde van die dag is, Nigerië 'n klein ekonomie (en dus 'n klein mark) het en geteister word deur hoë vlakke van korrupsie. In teenstelling hiermee het Suid-Afrika, wat ook oor natuurlike hulpbronne beskik, hoofsaaklik mark-gedrewe direkte buitelandse belegging gelok. Die Suid-Afrikaanse markte is egter nie eintlik groot nie as dit vergelyk word met ander eerstewêreldlande nie en hierdie vloei van direkte buitelandse belegging is nie volhoubaar nie. Suid-Afrika sal daarop moet konsentreer om meer effektief te word as hy meer direkte buitelandse belegging wil lok, maar sal moet meeding met ander lande soos Maleisië, Indië en Oos-Europa in 'n proses wat tans 'n uitdaging blyk te wees.
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Bello, Joshua A. "Fiscal policy and the growth of foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa (selected countries: Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa) /". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Dissertation/BELLO_JOSHUA_7.pdf.
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Okpe, Felix Oghenekohwo. "Foreign direct investment and investment treaty arbitration with reference to Nigeria". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=225327.
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This research analyzes investment treaty arbitration under the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) in the context of Nigeria's international investment law regime. The ICSID Convention establishes ICSID. The arbitration of investment claims in the context of investment treaty arbitration under the ICSID should reflect the purpose of the ICSID Convention. The nature of foreign investment disputes is implicated in any act or omission by the host State tantamount to expropriation or violations of applicable investment agreements. This implication is one of the considerations for the protection of foreign investments in the host State through mechanisms that support the theory of the 'internationalization of State contracts' and the interpretation of 'umbrella clauses' found in most Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs) applicable to the settlement of investment disputes. There are questions with respect to the feasibility of the classical theory of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the postulation of 'treaty protagonists' that the core adjudicative element of investment treaty arbitration ought to be 'contribution to economic development.' The thesis argues that, while the international mechanisms for the conduct of FDI are not yet perfect, the mechanisms offer some ideas and experience on how to reform Nigeria's investment treaty mechanism using 'the law in context approach' as a basis for reforms. The uncertainty associated with the ICSID Convention, with respect to the definition of 'investment' and established foreign investment treatment standards found in Nigeria's BITs regime, provides an opportunity for Nigeria to design a legal mechanism that would enhance its competitiveness in attracting FDI for economic development. A legal framework for investment treaty arbitration conducted under the ICSID is proposed to promote economic development and avoid the costs associated with investment treaty arbitration.
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Smit, Pierre. "The potential for FDI : Angola and Nigeria compared : a comparative study". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52555.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to compare the potential for foreign direct investment (FDI) in Angola and Nigeria. The investment criteria of WAIPA (World Association for Investment Agencies) and UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) were used as framework for comparison. FDI is of great importance to developing countries in as far as the inflow of foreign capital to host countries, transfer of knowledge and technology takes place thereby strengthening the economy of host countries to compete in the global economy. The point of departure was that Angola and Nigeria do not meet the WAIPAIUNCTAD investment requirements, but yet they receive large amounts of FDI. This reason for these inflows of FDI, was one of the key questions that needed to be answered. The study showed that both Angola and Nigeria have large oil and natural gas reserves, and that the majority of FDI that they receive, are invested in these sectors. Natural resources are one of the WAIPAIUNCTAD investment criteria. Die conclusion of the study was that Angola and Nigeria do not meet the majority of the investment criteria, and this is also the explanation that there is very little FDI investment outside of the oil sector in these two countries. The most important conclusion is that multi-national companies will invest in countries if conditions are not ideal, but that the returns are higher than the risk associated with the investment. This is the case in Angola and Nigeria with their large oil and natural gas reserves.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie werkstuk is, om die potensiaal vir direkte buitelandse investering (DFI) van Angola and Nigeria te vergelyk. Die investerings kriteria van WAIPA (World Association for Investment Agencies) en UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) is gebruik as vergelykings raamwerk. DFI is van groot belang vir ontwikkelende lande deurdat buitelandse kapitaal in die gasheer land belê word, oordrag van kennis en tegnologie plaasvind en dus daardeur die gasheer land se ekonomie versterk en meer kompeterend maak om in die globale ekonomie te funksioneer. Daar is van die veronderstelling uitgegaan dat Angola en Nigeria nie aan die vereistes voldoen van WAIPA/UNCTAD nie, maar ten spyte daarvan ontvang hierdie lande nog steeds groot bedrae DFI. Die rede vir hierdie verskynsel is een van die kernvrae wat beantwoord moes word deur die werkstuk. Dit blyk uit die werkstuk dat beide Angola en Nigeria oor groot bronne olie en natuurlike gas besit en dat die oorgrote meerderheid van die DFI wat hierdie lande ontvang, in hierdie sektor belê word. Natuurlike hulpbronne is een van die WAIPA/UNCTAD kriteria vir DFI. Die gevolgtrekking van die studie is dat die Angola en Nigerie nie aan die meerderheid van hierdie belegings kriteria voldoen nie, en dat dit die verklaring is dat daar uiters min DFI beleggins buite die olie sektor in hierdie twee lande is. Die belangrikste gevolgtrekking is egter dat multi nasionale maatskapye wel in lande sal belê indien die opbrengs op investerings groter is as die risiko verbonde daaraan, soos in die geval van Angola en Nigeria met hul groot olie hulpbronne.
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Efunkoya, Adeola Adefunke. "Agricultural sector: the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the creation of an integrated agriculture sector in Nigeria". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7046_1256021947.
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This research recommended ways in which Nigeria could unlock constraints to commercialization and investment in the Nigerian agricultural sector for sustained economic growth, enhanced food security, increased competitiveness of products in the domestic, regional and international markets, sustainable environmental management and poverty alleviation.
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Pekeur, Juanita. "Foreign direct investment and political risks in South Africa and Nigeria : a comparative analysis". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53430.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Instability in foreign political and social systems, changing power structures in international relations, and growing demands by host countries for a greater control over the operations of multinational enterprises (MNEs) have all led to the necessity of an improved way in which to determine foreign investment opportunities. Not surprisingly therefore, political risk assessment has become one of the fastest growing fields of study. Being concerned with the identification, analysis, management, and reduction of socio-political risks for foreign investors. The focus of this study is that of political risk analysis and the way in which it impacts on investor perception and consequently determines levels of foreign direct investment received by a particular country. Numerous definitions for the term "political risk" exist. Consequently, no specific definition is regarded as being completely correct since consensus still needs to be reached. One of the definitions used within this study is that political risk analysis is the analysis of the possibility that factors caused or influenced by governmental political decisions or other unforeseen events in a country will affect business climates in such a way that investors will lose money or not make as much profit as they expected when the initial decision to invest was made. These factors can be of internal (from inside the host country) or external origin, and can pose macro or micro risks. Foreign Direct Investment in brief is an investment involving a long-term relationship and reflecting a lasting interest and control of a resident entity in one economy in an enterprise resident in an economy other than that of the foreign direct investor. This study is a comparative between South Africa and Nigeria. South Africa and Nigeria share many similarities, they are both resource based, African countries. They are both fairly recent democracies, although some may contest the status of Nigeria as being a democracy. They are also both heterogeneous states, both consisting of various ethnic groups. Nigeria offers investors a low-cost labour pool, abundant natural resources, and a large domestic market. However, Nigeria suffers from an inadequate and poorly maintained infrastructure, confusing and inconsistent regulations, endemic corruption, and a lack of confidence in the rule of law. Despite all of this, Nigeria alone accounts for a quarter of FDI flows to Africa. In comparison, South Africa's FDI potential has not been fully exploited. This study will discuss the possible reasons why this is the case. The labour market in both countries and the challenges they face are discussed in depth within this study. Due to the fact that aside from investment, the economic growth within a country is dependent on a variety of factors, the backbone of which is the labour market. In determining levels of risk within both South Africa and Nigeria, this study made use of a political risk model. Although the intention has been to be as accurate and as thorough as possible, it should be noted that as yet, no generalised systematic method of conducting political risk assessment exists. Results, although extensively substantiated, remains the interpretation of the researcher and as such remains open to debate.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Onstabiliteit in buitelandse politieke en sosiale stelsels, veranderende mag strukture in internasionale betrekkinge, en die groeiende behoeftes van gasheer lande om meer beheer uit te oefen oor die funksioneering van buitelandse maatskappye het alles gelei na die noodsaaklikheid van 'n beter manier om buitelandse investering te bepaal. Dus is dit nie verbasend dat politieke risiko analise deesdae een van die vinnigste ontwikkelende onderwerpe is wat bestudeer word nie. Politieke risiko analise is belangrik vir die identifikasie, analise, bestuur en vermindering van sosio-politieke risiko vir buitelandse investering. Hierdie studie fokus op die impak wat politieke risiko' analise het met betrekking tot belegger waarneming en hoe dit dan ook moontlik die bedrag van buitelandse investering wat 'n land ontvang, kan bepaal. Daar is verskeie definisies wat die term "politieke risiko" beskryf en gevolglik moet konsensus nog bereik word oor 'n "korrekte" een. Een van die definisies wat in hierdie studie gebruik word is dat politieke risiko die analise is van die moontlikheid dat sekere faktore wat veroorsaak is of wat beïnvloed is deur die regering se politieke besluite, asook ander onvoorspelbare gebeurtenise in 'n land wat die investerings klimaat so kan beïnvloed dat die buitelandse beleggers moontlik geld kan verloor of miskien nie die verwagte winste behaal wat hulle aanvanklik gereken het, sou behaal nie. Hierdie faktore kan of intern (binne die gasheer land) of ekstern van aard wees en kan dus makro of mikro risiko behels. Direkte buitelandse investering in 'n land is 'n belegging wat In lang termyn verhouding insluit en dit reflekteer ook 'n blywende belangstelling en beheer van 'n buitelandse maatskappy in 'n gasheer land in. Hierdie studie is 'n vergelykende studie tussen Suid-Afrika en Nigerië. Suid-Afrika en Nigerië deel baie ooreenkomste. Beide lande is ryk aan natuurlike bronne en beide is nog "jong" demokratiese lande. Sommige mense stem nie saam dat Nigerië wel aan al die vereistes van 'n demokrasie voldoen nie. Suid-Afrika en Nigerië is ook heterogene state wat uit verskeie etniese groepe bestaan. Nigerië bied vir die buitelandse belegger billike arbeid, oorvloedige natuurlike bronne, asook In groot binnelandse mark. Ten spyte hiervan, moet dit ook in ag geneem word dat Nigerië onder onvoldoende en In swak instandhouding van infrastruktuur, wispelturige regulasies, korrupsie en ook In swak regsisteem ly. Ten spyte van al hierdie faktore, ontvang Nigerië In kwart van alle buitelandse investering in Afrika. Suid-Afrika se buitelandse investerings potensiaal in vergelyking met ander lande moet nog ontwikkel word. Hierdie studie sal die moontlike redes vir Suid Afrika se oneksploiteerbare buitelandse investerings potensiaal bespreek. Die arbeidsmark en die uitdagings wat gestel word het In groot invloed op buitelandse investering. Hierdie studie het ten doelom beide lande se arbeidsmark te bespreek en te vergelyk met betrekking tot buitelandse investering. Om die moontlike risiko in altwee lande te bepaal, maak hierdie studie gebruik van In politieke risiko analise model. Die navorser het gepoog om so deeglik en akkuraat as moontlik te wees. Dit moet ook in ag geneem word dat daar nog geen veralgemeende metode van politieke risiko analise ontwikkel is nie.
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Cerff, Bradley Robert. "The relationship between FDI and competitiveness : a comparative study of two African countries, with special reference to the oil and gas industries". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53671.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and competitiveness in South Africa and Nigeria was investigated. Existing data available in literature was used to analyse trends with regards to FDI and competitiveness in South Africa and Nigeria over the last 10 years. According to the UNCTAD report (2002) in 1997, FDI in Africa was concentrated on five countries namely, Angola, Egypt, Morocco, Nigeria and South Africa. Nigeria in the last ten years has consistently outperformed South Africa with regards to the amount of FDI received; yet South Africa outperforms Nigeria on all the competitiveness indices. This has been primarily due to the fact that Nigeria's main source of FDI is the petroleum sector. In Africa 75% of FDI goes into countries endowed with petroleum and mineral resources with very few of these strangling to meet the above list of WAIPA reasons favourable for FDI. The ultimate goal of a nations competitiveness is to increase efficiencies under free and fair market conditions through foreign trade, production and investment. Main results of this study have been the following; • Oil is a major FDI attractor of FDI in Africa, and explains why Nigeria receives more FDI than South Africa. • Although Nigeria does not have a good competitive record relative to South Africa it does however offer competitive fiscal terms to IOC's to explore and exploit the countries abundant petroleum resources. • Oil wealth struggles to filter down to the people of the country, as Nigeria's per capita income remains about fifteen times lower than South Africa's, with its more efficient economy. • This study confirms the fact that many MNC's especially in Africa tend to be driven by resource-seeking opportunities and rather than efficiency seeking opportunities. Unfortunately many of the petroleum exporting countries are unable to use the wealth generated by the petroleum industry to enhance their global competitiveness. The problem is that many countries are not diversified enough and rely extensively on commodities to generate much needed revenue.
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Ighoavodha, Frederick J. O. (Frederick J. Ofuafo). "International Political Economy of External Economic Dependence and Foreign Investment Policy Outputs as a Component of National Development Strategy: Nigeria 1954-1980". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331233/.
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This study examined the effects and expectations of external economic dependence on foreign investment policy outputs with particular reference to the Nigerian experience between 1954 and 1980. Three basic kinds of external economic dependence were studied: foreign investment, the penetration of the Nigerian economy by foreign capital through the agency of the multinational corporations (MNCs); foreign trade, a measure of the Nigerian economy's participation in the world market; and foreign aid (loans and grants), a measure of Nigeria's reliance on financial assistance from governments and international financial inst itutions. For the most part, the level of Nigeria's economic dependence was very high. However, economic dependency is not translated into changes in foreign investment policy in favor of the foreign investors in Nigeria as is predicted by the dependency paradigm. The Nigerian case casts doubt on the dependency paradigm as a framework for fully explaining factors that may determine foreign direct investment policy changes that occur in a less developed Third World country. In other words, the dependency paradigm has a limited explanatory power; there is a factor independent of the economic factor operating out of the control of global capitalism (the center of the center in alliance with the center of the periphery); and that factor is the political process in Nigeria. The web of the Nigerian political process involves the various aspects of its internal functioning such as the manner in which needs, interests and demands are conveyed from the individuals and groups in the country to those performing state duties. Thus, Nigerian policy makers were more influenced by those elements than pure economic considerations treated in isolation.
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Oladapo, Omonike. "Foreign direct investment in the Nigerian oil sector". Thesis, University of Dundee, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302358.
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Ndackson, Danjuma. "Response to foreign investment regulations in Nigeria : the bargaining power model". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21495.
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The interest for this research developed from the researcher's observation of host countries' policies (particularly developing countries) towards foreign direct investments. Available literature identify five main categories (though not mutually distinguishable) of host country policies: expropriatory, regulatory, receptive, promotional, and open-door policies. In this research, we are concerned with regulatory (control) policies. The response of MNCs to regulatory policies is identified to comprise of two stages: initial behaviour to 'conflict' (the policy), and the exploitation of (ownership) advantages. An MNC's initial behaviour could be competitive, collaborative, accommodative, compromising, or avoidant. Where the MNC adopts a compromising behaviour, bargaining as a means of resolving the 'conflict' is pursued. Whether this takes place or not in resolving the 'conflict', the MNC is likely to look back (assess) on what its ownership advantages are, vis-a-vis the host-country's location advantages, and then act on the basis of this assessment. Nigeria, like any other host country has economic policies, some of which affect MNCs. These include the Business Permit / Immigration Act, 1963; the Companies Decree, 1968; the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decrees, 1972 and 1977; the Local Sourcing Policy; etc. This research considers the factors influencing the response of MNCs to three of these policies: indigenization of ownership; nigerianization of management; and the local sourcing of raw materials. Four host-country characteristics and five MNC characteristics were hypothetically chosen as influential in the firms' response to each of the policies. The host country characteristics are: Nigeria's market attractiveness, availability of needed raw materials in Nigeria, availability of required human resources in Nigeria, and competition in the firm's industry in Nigeria. The MNC characteristics are: the firm's technological intensity, export intensity, complexity of managerial and operational tasks, size, and age. The major research findings are: (a) Most of the firms in the sample were collaborative in their behaviour in all the policies. (b) The most important (actually, the only) host country characteristic that significantly influenced the response of firms to the policies was Nigeria's market attractiveness. (c) The most important MNC characteristic that influenced the firms' response to the policies was their technology. (d) Contrary to popular opinion, this research found that important MNC characteristics encouraged or made firms to remain in Nigeria as well as comply with government policy, rather than making them arrogant or delay compliance. (e) All the firms in the study indicated that they had complied with the policies. Survey results were complemented with case studies. And the findings from the cases support all the above.
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Ojaleye, E. "Essays on industry linkages and foreign direct investment : evidence from Nigeria". Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/48195/.
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This thesis is based on an econometric investigation of the relationship between industry linkages and Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria. Unique data obtained from a survey of Nigerian firms conducted by the World Bank Enterprise Survey Department was employed for the estimations based on manufacturing and service firms. This study also constructed an input-output table to measure both horizontal and vertical linkages. This study is divided into four parts. Firstly, the study investigated spill-over effects from FDI to domestic firms through horizontal and vertical linkages using the augmented Cobb-Douglas models as well as the Ordinary Least Square and Fixed Effect techniques. The results of the estimation show evidence of the positive effects of foreign presence on domestic firms and the presence of large technology gaps. Also, the results indicate that there is a productivity spill-over in both horizontal and vertical linkages. Firms with technology level below its foreign competitors tend to benefit from the technology brought by FDI. Secondly, the study investigates Nigerian innovative outcomes of domestic firms’ performance by using the Crepon Duget Mairesse model coupled with augmented Cobb- Douglas function. The result showed that firm-level innovation activity in Nigeria appears to be high and even larger than in similar countries around the region, but the extent of innovativeness is low and incremental. This suggests that in contrast with OECD countries, some of the innovations implemented are so minor, or are based on imitation, to the extent that they do not have a significant impact on productivity (survival innovation). Thirdly, the study theoretically and empirically investigates the impact of Export-platform FDI on backward linkages; by doing this, a three-country model is developed and tested. The results from the various hypotheses tested indicate that there is a significant relationship between FDI and backward linkages in Nigeria; and the role of the trade agreement, local content requirement and market size is very critical for spill-overs and productivity. Lastly, the study also looks at how FDI loosens the financial constraints of domestic firms through the use of the Euler framework, and the consideration of the industry linkages. The results show that private domestic firms do have financing constraints and the flow of inward FDI alleviates the financing constraints by signalling. This study provides new evidence on the relationship between industry linkages and FDI in Nigeria.
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Ogomaka, Uzo E. "The extent and impact of direct private foreign investment in Africa: the case of Nigeria". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3316.
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There has been concern on the part of Nigerians, in particular, and Africans, in general, as to who is controlling the economic activities in Nigeria and Africa. This concern has caused some governments in Africa to initiate laws and regulations that tilt toward the encouragement of Africans to invest or buy shares in areas that are known to be controlled by foreign investors. This study examines the extent and the impact of direct private foreign investment in Nigeria. Data obtained on Nigeria and other African countries were employed. The result suggests that there is foreign investment in the major economic activities in Nigeria and that the inflow foreign investment has not helped the economic development of Nigeria.
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Ajibo, Chikodili. "Analysis of foreign investment protection regimes in the petroleum sector in Nigeria, 1995-2013 : options for reform". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/analysis-of-foreign-investment-protection-regimes-in-the-petroleum-sector-in-nigeria--1995--2013-options-for-reform(b007b7c8-28ed-4dd3-96b4-5b5846eecf6c).html.
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This thesis examines the current regulatory frameworks for foreign investment protection and reforms thereto in the petroleum sector in Nigeria. The analysis is conducted from international law perspective. Thus, the current regimes of IIAs reflected in both the substantive and procedural terms are bedevilled by unbalanced framework in the allocation of rights and duties to the contracting parties. Strictly speaking, the parties do not set out from the outset to draft an unbalanced terms of IIAs. However, the preponderant inflow of investment from the developed to developing countries almost always make the latter bear the brunt of any unbalanced prescription of the terms of the IIAs. Thus, the definitions of such substantive terms as investment, fair and equitable treatment, umbrella clause, and regulatory expropriation constitute a significant cause of concerns for economic imperatives of the capital importing countries. Similarly, the incessant lack of consideration for the regulatory and economic interest of the host state in the arbitral awards is creating concern among the capital importing countries. Consequently, a re-appraisal of existing regimes becomes necessary both in the substantive definition and the arbitral construction of these substantive terms to ensure a balance of interests in international economic relation. These substantive and procedural terms do not operate in vacuum but apply to host state like Nigeria together with other local investment regulatory rules. Although various studies establish different challenges to foreign investment in Nigeria such as, inter alia, lack of harmonised investment regimes and complicated registration procedures, one issue that is evidently less considered is the institutional influence in the implementation of investment regulation. Thus, institutional factors are the heart of Nigeria investment challenges. These institutional factors mirrors itself in poor human and social capital ratio needed for enhanced service delivery. Thus, for any meaning headway to be made in strengthening the inflow of foreign capital to Nigeria economy, tackling of other challenges is incomplete until human capital development is aligned with social capital development.
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Osita, David Okwuchukwu. "Effectiveness of transfer pricing regulation in Nigeria in relation to foreign direct investment flow". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64635.
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Forsman, Todd Patrick. "Foreign direct investment and security: simplifying the complexities". reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/17998.
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The relationship between foreign direct investment and the security situation of a given country is complex and difficult to define. To further complicate matters, security is only one of many variables that drives the decision of a firm to invest in a particular country. This paper simplifies some of the complexities related to the study of this topic, especially as it relates to security, by expanding on previous research done at the country level and applying it at the regional level. It concludes that the security situation of a given country can be approximated through the the independent variable of the annual per capita murder rate and that this rate is directly related with FDI in a given area. Business leaders can use this simple analysis as a starting point to aid in the decision in which country to invest in and why.
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Chidi, Nwauba Prince Eze [Verfasser]. "Foreign Direct Investment. A Panacea to National Economic Development in Nigeria? / Prince Eze Chidi Nwauba". München : GRIN Verlag, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121633174X/34.
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Famuyiwa, Olaronke Olufunbi. "Double-taxation agreement and their implications for the inflow of foreign direct investment into Nigeria". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64643.
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This mini-dissertation titled 'Double taxation agreement and the implications for the inflow of foreign direct investment into Nigeria' will discuss the concept of foreign direct investment and its impact on the economic growth of host country and subsequently linking the inflow of foreign direct investment to the availability of double taxation treaties.
The impact of foreign direct investment to host countries cannot be over emphasized. It amongst other improves the overall economic growth, creates access to international market, improve infrastructural facilities, creation of employment, transfer of technology and capacity building of citizens. The numerous benefits that accompany the inflow of FDI have made countries compete with each other in their efforts to attract foreign investment to their countries. The factors that contributes to the inflow of FDI are numerous, they include; friendly investment policies, ease of doing business regulations, economic and political stability, absence of corruption, tax incentives to mention a few.
Despite all the advantages of foreign investment and the several factors put in place by countries to attract it, the menace of double taxation remains its greatest impediment. Double taxation occurs when an entity or individual is taxed on the same income by different countries at the same time. Double taxation is an impediment because it devours the main purpose for which an investor is investing which is to maximize profits
The problem of double taxation was resolved by the enactment of double taxation treaties between countries. These tax treaties are set of rules that guide the taxation of income between two countries. Since the evolution of double tax treaties, there have been limited international taxation conflicts.
Despite the fact that there are several factors that contribute to the inflow of FDI, this research argues that the availability of a double tax treaty is top on the list of factors and it is important for countries to enact them for a smooth cross-border transaction.
It is against the backdrop i.e. the impact of FDI inflow to economic growth and the availability of a double tax treaty as an important factor that this research proposes to the Nigeria government to focus on attracting more FDI into its country as a means to resolving its ongoing economic crisis and recession. Likewise, this research also proposes that Nigeria enact more double tax treaties as the current number of tax treaties in Nigeria is a far cry.Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Centre for Human Rights
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Okechukwu, Azubuike Innocent. "Perceptions of the impact of political instability on foreign direct investment in Nigeria from 1980-1993". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1998. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3310.
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The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions of the impact of political instability on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Nigeria. In conducting this research, 350 questionnaires were distributed to some selected Foreign Direct Investors, Nigerians, and chief executive officers (CEOs) of indigenous companies. Out of the 350, 280 questionnaires were completed, returned and analyzed for this research. Chi-square statistics and frequency distribution were used for the evaluation of the perceptions of the impact of political instability on foreign direct investment in Nigeria. Two hypotheses were also developed on the same subject. The results of the tests conducted showed that fo reign investment is negatively affected by political instability in Nigeria. The results of the study suggest that it would be good public policy for the Nigerian Government to strike a balance between the nation's developmental objectives and the interest of foreign investors. The study makes some recommendations to help improve the climate for foreign investments.
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Onyekwena, Chukwuka. "Empirical investigation of the impact of foreign direct investment on manufacturing firms and banks in Nigeria". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/empirical-investigation-of-the-impact-of-foreign-direct-investment-on-manufacturing-firms-and-banks-in-nigeria(306a422e-4488-4641-b521-ba96d8a7ffd1).html.
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This thesis is based on the econometric investigation of the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Nigerian manufacturing firms and banks. Unique data obtained from a survey of Nigerian firms conducted by the Centre for the Study of African Economies, University of Oxford, and United Nations Industrial Development Organization was employed for the estimations based on manufacturing firms. For the investigation based on Nigerian banks, this study uses the BankScope data base. Ordinary Least Squares and Fixed Effects techniques were used to estimate the coefficients of foreign presence measures in augmented Cobb-Douglas models for manufacturing firm data, and augmented Dealership models for data on banks. Results of the estimations show evidence of positive effects of foreign presence on domestic manufacturing firms, while no effects were obtained from the estimations based bank data. The differences in FDI effects reflect on the sector-specific characteristics of manufacturing firms and banks in Nigeria. Manufacturing firms in Nigeria operate at low technology levels and are open to foreign direct investment, while the opposite seems to be case of banks in the country. The results therefore support earlier thoughts in literature on FDI which assert that positive spillovers exist were technology gaps between foreign firms and domestic firms exist, or in sectors open to FDI. Important contributions were made in examining the effect of the approaches taken towards the measurement of foreign presence on spillover estimates with particular reference to sampling procedure and data quality. The study therefore concludes that FDI generates spillovers in Nigerian manufacturing firms but attention of empirical investigations should focus on appropriate measurement of foreign presence variables, and the specific characteristics of the sector or industry being examined.
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Obasi, Nnaemeka Nathaniel. "The role of foreign direct investment in economic growth at macro and micro levels in Nigeria". Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.734166.
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Owusu-Nyamekye, Dwobeng. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment| Natural Resources a Driven Factor| The Case of Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo". Thesis, Keiser University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10841615.
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The disappointing economic performance of Nigerian, Ghanaian, and the Togolese economies, coupled with the globalization of activities in the world economy, have forced them to look outward for development strategies. Many studies have been attempted to estimate the impact of natural resources on foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows around the world, but very few have been focused on Ghana, Nigeria and Togo. This study departed from previous studies and employed a gravity-type framework to explicitly explore the question of whether natural resource endowments was a more relevant factor that explained the FDI’s attraction to the countries under study. The study also included other FDI determinants. Accordingly, this study served to investigate whether natural resources attracted FDI inflows in Ghana, Nigeria, and Togo. Using time series data from 1980–2015, the study was conducted to answer two research questions. Two models were established utilizing the pooled ordinary least square method to estimate the coefficients of the models. Preliminary results were obtained using both the random effect and fixed effect models. The results of the study yielded by both techniques registered natural resources to be significant as a driven factor for FDI inflows to the countries under review. Other factors such as GDP per capita, trade openness, political stability, and economic liberalization were also found to be significant in FDI determination.
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Abdulsalam, Mutait Mobolanle. "Public private partnership policy in Nigeria's infrastructure development landscape : a critical appraisal of the infrastructure Concession Regulatory Act". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/43679.
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Nigeria is rich country in terms of natural resources, It has one of Africa's largest economy, having being endowed with massive natural, human, renewable and non-renewable resources. With a population of about 160 million people which creates a large market for goods and services, rich soil suitable for commercial agriculture, deposits of natural resources including crude-oil, natural-gas, tin, and rock-salt, and cash crops including cocoa, kola-nut, cotton, groundnut and timber, Nigeria has the potential of being one of the largest economy globally and the political hegemony in Africa.1
However, the country has not been able to achieve sustainable development as a result of the deplorable state of infrastructure. Nigeria is confronted with the problem of immense infrastructure deficit which adversely affect national income, cost of production and distribution of goods and services, reduces Foreign Direct Investment(FDI), and result in poverty, unemployment, frequent youth unrest and fall in the general living standards.2 The poor state of infrastructure assets in the country is traceable primarily to the neglect by government and poor maintenance during the transition period from military rule to civilian administration. In an attempt to recover from the infrastructure decay, privatization was commenced in the late 90s through to the 21st century. Yet, there was no commendable improvements as the quality of public services dropped continuously and most of the enterprises were eventually wounded up as a result of corruption, poor maintenance and lack of skilled expertise.3
Furthermore, as a result of budget deficit caused by contraction in fiscal space, and continuous increase in demand for public services which correlates with population growth and rural-urban migration, public financing cannot facilitate bridging of the infrastructure gap. Also, having realized the success of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in other climes, government adopted PPP in 2005 to aid transition of the state of national infrastructure through private involvement in infrastructure financing. Unfortunately, for well over one decade of adopting PPP, Nigeria has not witnessed any commendable changes in her infrastructure assets. The poor performance of PPP in country has been traced to several factors including corruption, lack of transparency, and undue political interference. Central to the factors is the problem of regulatory deficit.4
Consequently, this study will examine the Nigerian PPP legal and regulatory framework to ascertain the problems responsible for the inability of the infrastructure financing technique to facilitate sustainable development through successful infrastructure projects.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014
gm2015
Centre for Human Rights
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Baba-Ahmed, Yusuf D. "The impact of inward foreign direct investment on human resource development in the Nigerian manufacturing sector". Thesis, University of Westminster, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434219.
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Yusuf, Mukhtar Abubakar. "What drives individual decision-making of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) to Sub-Saharan Africa". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1595283544911804.
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Adarkwa, Muriel Animwaa. "The countercyclical nature of remittances: A case study of the 2009 global financial crisis in Cameroon, Cape Verde, Nigeria and Senegal". University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5681.
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Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS)Remittances inflows have gradually become one of the major sources of external financial inflows to developing countries. As a result, research abounds on the developmental effects of remittances in the home countries of migrants. At the micro level, recipients of remittances are more likely to have better access to quality health care, education as well as start-up fund for their own businesses. On the other hand at the macro level, remittances inflows can help increase the credit worthiness of countries by enabling them to use future remittances inflows as collateral for loans. Additionally, remittances inflows as a source of foreign exchange can be used by countries to fund import bills. Although there has been a surge of scholarship on remittances, this scholarship seems to be concentrated on the economic study of migration instead of the macroeconomic aspects of remittances. Furthermore, comparative studies on these macroeconomic aspects of remittances especially on African countries are underresearched and remains at the backwaters of academic study. Using quantitative time series data, this research seeks to do a comparative study on the countercyclical nature of remittances in four selected West African countries (Cameroon, Cape Verde, Nigeria and Senegal). The research used descriptive trend analysis, autocorrelation and an ARMAX model analyse the research problem. After critical analysis on whether remittances are countercyclical or not using the 2009 global financial crisis as a reference year in these four countries, it was found that, remittance inflows to Cameroon, Cape Verde, Nigeria and Senegal were pro-cyclical in nature. Moreover, in analysing the relationship between remittances inflows and gross domestic product (economic growth) the research revealed that there was a positive relationship between remittances inflows and economic growth for the four countries (Cameroon, Cape Verde, Nigeria and Senegal) observed. One recommendation given from this study is that, there is the need for remittances inflows to be invested in productive activities. This is because even if remittances continue to increase, without its investment in productive sectors, it cannot have any meaningful impact on economic growth in these countries.
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Clarke, Nikia R. "Of people, politics and profit : the political economy of Chinese industrial zone development in Nigeria". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:194625ba-9a35-408c-851c-9f2078547de5.
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This project approaches ongoing debates over the impact of increased Chinese engagement in African countries through the lens of production and industrialisation. Emerging market FDI into Africa is growing rapidly, and an increasing proportion of this investment is into manufacturing and productive sectors. This trend is led by the commercial expansion of private Chinese manufacturing firms across the continent. The goal of this project is to examine the differentiated impacts on African industrialisation attempts of this phenomenon. It takes as its case study industrial zone development projects in Nigeria, namely, the two official economic and trade cooperation zones being developed as large-scale FDI projects by Chinese firms, with Chinese and Nigerian government support, in Lagos and Ogun states. Analytically, four dimensions of this process are identified for study: the home country context, the host country context, the zone structures and institutions, and the firms themselves. Special attention is paid to the interface between foreign actors and the particular political economy of Nigerian manufacturing, as well as the at times substantial gaps between policy and practice in terms of industrial planning, investment and production. The thesis argues that SEZ projects in general, including the Chinese ETCZs, are industrial policy tools that operate on particular assumptions regarding the organisation of global production. As such, they incentivise the insertion of export-oriented firms into established global networks supplying international markets. However, a closer examination of industrial policy in China, the production environment in Nigeria and the behaviour of internationalising firms reveals that these assumptions are not always accurate. Thus, the SEZ institution as it is currently conceived in Nigeria is ill-suited to lend support to the trend towards Chinese relocation of producer firms, as well as to the reality of Nigerian production—both of which are predicated on domestic and regional markets as the primary driver of African industrialisation and productive sector growth.
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Somers-Cox, Tamara Joy. "Political risk in the oil and gas industry in emerging markets : a comparative study of Nigeria and Mexico". Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86335.
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Thesis (MA)-- Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The interplay between political risk and emerging markets is current and dynamic. As global interest shifts, investors cannot ignore emerging market behaviour and their influence. However, with great potential and opportunities, too comes great political risk. This research study begins with the point raised by the Eurasia Group that emerging market risk differs to that of developed market risk, and that risk in some instances can be ‗unbounded‘. Subsequently, the Eurasia Group deems emerging markets a top risk for 2013. Focussing on the oil and gas industry in emerging markets, Nigeria and Mexico offer valuable case studies. This research study offers a comparative study of these two countries in order to determine a generic list of political risk factors that are facing the oil and gas industries in emerging markets. In an increasingly volatile world, with a growing global demand for energy sources, and greater uncertainty surrounding investments and potential returns, political risk analysis is an invaluable decision-making tool for Transnational Oil Corporations (TNOCs) in order for their assets and interests to be protected. The central research question concerns the main political risk factors facing investors who want to participate in the oil and gas industry in emerging markets. The aim of the research study is to answer the central research question through the help of supplementary questions. The first of these ask what the main political risk factors for TNOCs operating in the Niger Delta are. The second question asks what the main political risk factors for TNOCs operating in the Gulf of Mexico are. So as to complete the political risk picture, the last question asks how political risk in the oil and gas industry can be mitigated. This research study will contribute to existing research, and will assist investors with risk identification, analysis and mitigation. By utilising the generic list of essential political risk factors, TNOCs are made aware of the most salient political risks in the oil and gas industry in emerging markets, and therefore are better placed to make rational and informed decisions when it comes to foreign investment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wisselwerking tussen politieke risiko en opkomende markte is intyd en dinamies. Soos globale belange verskuif, kan beleggers nie die opkomende markte se gedrag en invloed ignoreer nie, alhoewel met groot potensiaal en geleenthede kom daar ook groot politieke risiko. Die navorsingstudie het begin met die Eurasia Groep wat uitgelig het dat opkomende markrisiko verskil van die van ‘n ontwikkelde mark en dat die risiko in sekere gevalle ―ongebonde‖ kan wees. Gevolglik is opkomende markte as ‘n top risiko vir 2013 geklassifiseer. Met ‘n fokus op die olie- en gasindustrie in opkomende markte, bied Nigerië en Mexiko waardevolle gevallestudies. Die navorsingstuk bied ‘n vergelykende studie van dié twee lande met die doel om ‘n generiese lys van politieke risikofaktore wat die olie- en gasindustrie in opkomende markte in die gesig staar, vas te stel. In ‘n toenemende onstabiele wêreld met ‘n toenemende globale aanvraag vir energiebronne en groter onsekerheid rakende beleggings en potensiële opbrengs, is politieke risiko-analise ‘n waardevolle besluitnemings-meganisme vir Trans-Nasionale Oliekorporasies (TNOKs) om hul bates en belange te beskerm. Die sentrale navorsingsvraag fokus op die hoof politieke risikofaktore vir beleggers wat in die olie- en gasindustrie van opkomende markte wil belê. Die doel van die navorsingstudie is om die sentrale navorsingsvraag te beantwoord met behulp van aanvullende vrae. Die eerste vraag raak die hoof politieke risikofaktore vir TNOKs aan wat in die Niger-Delta opereer. Die tweede vraag handel oor die hoof politieke risikofaktore vir TNOKs wat in die Golf van Mexiko opereer. Die laaste vraag voltooi die politiese risiko profiel deur te vra hoe die politieke risiko in die olie- en gasindustrie verminder kan word. Die navorsingstudie sal bestaande navorsing aanvul en beleggers help om risiko‘s te identifiseer, analiseer en verminder. Deur ‘n generiese lys van politieke risikofaktore te gebruik, word TNOKs bewus gemaak van die mees prominente politieke risiko‘s in die olie- en gasindustrie van opkomende markte, wat hulle in staat stel om rasionele en ingeligte besluite te neem wanneer dit by internasionale beleggings kom.
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Ejims, Okechukwu Chima. "The role of international law in resource development through foreign investment and the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples : a case study of Nigeria". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522931.
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Nouse, Xola. "Developing a positioning plan for a multinational service organisation operating in Nigeria". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11287.
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M.Com. (Business Management)South Africa has for a long time been considered as the gateway into Africa. With the potential Nigeria is showing, it appears that the privilege of this opportunity may soon be diminishing. Nigeria is considered an exciting emerging market because it provides investors with a ready and established market not only because of the huge population size, but also because oil and other natural resources in Nigeria remain critical resources that are a compelling drawcard for foreign investors. It is no coincidence that Nigeria has attracted the most foreign direct investment in Africa, amounting to US$8.9 billion (Ernst & Young, 2012). In undertaking global strategies for global expansion, multinational organisations need to have a firm understanding of the macro, market and micro environment in which they will be entering and operating. These multinationals also need to plan how they will adapt their home country strategy to their host country strategy. Market challenges and positioning the firm in an emerging market are key aspects that need to be investigated, understood and to a certain extent, perfected. The research question posed in this paper addressed the inherent challenges posed to multinational service firms, in particular Ernst & Young (EY), when conducting business operations in Nigeria. The research adopted a qualitative research methodology which allowed the collection of the opinions of senior executives in EY, both in South Africa and in Nigeria, as well as clients of EY in Nigeria. The data collection method employed included digital-recorded in-depth interviews after which the data was analysed through content analysis and from which codes and categories were extracted. The research results pointed to pertinent macro, market and micro challenges facing a professional services firm such as, but not limited to infrastructure support, bureaucracy and the importance of relationships. This case study research provides key information about potential challenges and opportunities facing a professional services firm and links these challenges and opportunities of Nigeria’s macro, market and micro environment with strategic marketing concepts, in particular positioning strategies that an organisation can implement when attempting to position the business for market growth.
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Msimango, Nkanyezi. "China's changing foreign policy and resource diplomacy towards Africa : the role of China in the socio-economic development of Nigeria". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22798.
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China’s economic expansion in recent years is one of the most important geopolitical
developments of the 21st century (Mockli, 2007). More interestingly, Africa relations with
China continue to be of keen concern to many, precisely because these two countries have been
humiliated severely during the years of colonialism. This study examines, to the extent
possible, Chinese changing foreign policy and resource diplomacy towards Africa, using
Nigeria as a case study specifically looking at socio–economic issues. The study uses the
Hegemonic Stability Theory as a framework of analysis. While the method of data collection
is premised on existing qualitative and quantitative analysis on Africa–China relations, faceto-
face interviews and one telephonic interview with an expert on Africa–China relations were
conducted as a method of gathering new data. The present study, finds that China’s economic
expansion can be detrimental to Africa in many ways. For instance, China continues to export
to Africa cheap manufactured goods, while extracting raw materials to fuel its own
industrialization. This situation works against intra–Africa trade, which could potentially
address the socio–economic issues facing the continent. However, to maintain its resource
supply and stable market, China’s foreign policy of ‘non–interference’ has changed
significantly, particularly towards Africa. For example, China recently opened its first military
base in Africa. This study argues that, because of the above mentioned arguments, the
repercussions of the Africa–China relations could be dangerous for Africa since the continent
is not really benefiting from these dealings. Furthermore, this study notes that China is
contributing negatively towards the socio–economic development of Nigeria, despite the fact
that it provides Nigeria with aid and loans, primarily for infrastructure projects.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Hassan, Khaoula Abou El y 木蘭. "China in Africa: A study of Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya, Nigeria and Morocco". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rg2k7z.
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碩士南臺科技大學
商管專業學院
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Since the early 2000s, Africa's relations with the rest of the world were shaped as a result of the postcolonial world. The continent, thanks to being home to so many economies in relatively early stages of development, is experiencing a relentless fast growth. With the rapid increase of the African’s gross domestic product (GDP), new partners, particularly emerging countries, are drawn to the continent, and compete with the region’s traditional partners such as the US and the EU. Although China’s presence in Africa predates most newcomers, it takes on the role of the figurehead of this movement as much through the intensity of the exchanges and the scope of concerned activities as through the geographical diversity of its deployment. Today, The People's Republic of China (PRC) has become the largest trading partner on the African continent and one of the largest investors. All across the continent, the Middle Kingdom is playing part in different projects transforming the African economies. But they are many inequalities and strong variations between the different African countries. The purpose of this study is to understand Sino-African relations through an analysis of Chinese Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) in three countries; Nigeria, Kenya and Morocco, where the Chinese investments have been increasing during the past few years. We want to provide a deeper analysis of China’s investments determinants, strategies, their specificities and consequences on these countries and, to some extent, on Africa as a whole. This study will be based on several journal articles, newspapers, and researches on the matter. The data used to conduct this investigation has been gathered from different institutional organizations that propose a detailed set of data on China’s activity in Africa. In order to give a better understanding of the issue, we will do a cross-country case study on Nigeria, Kenya and Morocco.
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Adeniyi, Adeyanju Bankole. "Towards a consolidated competition law in Nigeria and its effect on foreign direct investment inflow". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58735.
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Fagboyegun, Olatinuolawa Adunifeoluwa. "Enforcement of foreign investment arbitral awards in Nigeria : a case study of the oil and gas sector". Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58750.
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The presence of foreign investment in a developing nation brings about economic growth and development. It increases productivity, creates more jobs, promotes the use of local goods, motivates policies and economic reforms, transfers technological know-how and skills, increases revenue for the government, among others. Nigeria has attracted quite a huge stock of foreign direct investment over the years, majorly in the oil and gas sector. Nigeria's economy is greatly dependent on the revenues generated in the oil and gas sector and the economy thrives on this sector. Disputes arise between foreign investors and government entities ? the Federal Inland Revenue Services, Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, and also with other foreign investors in the sector. These disputes are settled mostly out of court because core legislations in this sector provide that arbitration shall be the settlement mechanism. Hence, disputes are expected to be settled in quick successions, free of unnecessary domestic court intervention, and hurdle-free in the enforcement of arbitral awards. However, the reverse is the case in practice.
The core aim of this research is to identify these challenges by reviewing recent arbitration cases in the oil and gas sector and to examine the legislative and procedural loop holes giving rise to such challenges. To arrive at effective recommendations, the arbitration system of Mauritius was analysed and compared to what is obtainable in Nigeria. From the comparison, this study proffers recommendations that would practically enhance the enforcement proceedings of foreign investment arbitral awards in Nigeria's oil and gas sector and subsequently in other sectors.tm2017
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
Unrestricted
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Eggink, Jan Willem. "A comparative assessment of the factors that attract oil sector FDI in Nigeria and Angola / Jan Willem Eggink". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13321.
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This dissertation focuses on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the oil sector of Africa, more specifically in Nigeria and Angola. A large problem faced by most African countries is their low domestic investment. This is due to the low savings rates in these countries. FDI serves as a supplement to domestic investment and therefore allows for increased production and growth in the region that can ultimately lead to better development. Further, FDI brings forth positive spill over effects that can further increase levels of development in African countries. Therefore, it is beneficial for African countries to achieve higher levels of FDI inflows. The African oil sector has, in recent years, received much deserved attention as Africa supplied approximately 11 percent of worldwide oil supply and the African untapped oil reserves constitute approximately 10 percent of the total worldwide proven oil reserves in 2010. There are currently 19 African countries known to have significant oil reserves and further surveying may increase this number. This dissertation focuses on Nigeria and Angola as these countries are the continent’s largest producers of oil and their oil sectors are the sectors with the strongest FDI inflows. Through economic and policy reforms and increased share in global oil supply, it is believed that these countries can be the drivers of economic growth and development in the region.
Greater FDI is needed to fully exploit the available oil resources. Although many studies have been done on the factors that attract FDI, very few studies have focussed on oil sector specific FDI. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is to determine and compare the factors that attract oil sector FDI in Nigeria and Angola.
This dissertation undertakes both a literature review and an empirical analysis. The literature review provides an overview of FDI theory, the motives for investment, the types and benefits thereof; an overview of the African and, more specifically, the Nigerian and Angolan oil industry and the influence that FDI inflows have had on this sector. The current FDI inflow trends and oil sector FDI in Nigeria and Angola are reviewed. The dissertation examines and compares the current state of the Nigerian and Angolan oil industries. The empirical analysis consists of a country comparison through four least square regression models (domestic models for Nigeria and Angola and global models for both countries) using data between 1990 and 2011 obtained from the World Data Bank and the 2012 BP statistical review. The data used will describe the traditional determinants of FDI inflows as set out in literature review and other determinants derived from past studies of FDI inflows in transitional economies and oil sector dependent countries. In Nigeria and Angola, the problems of lack of accurate and sufficient data over a longer time period persist, as they do in most African countries.
The main findings are that significant domestic influences of FDI inflows in Angola include: lower public power to entice private gain; better policies that are effectively enforced to improve civil and public services; and the proven oil reserves. This entails that government policy, transparency and their oil reserves are held in high regard by the foreign investors in Angola. In Nigeria, however, domestic influences of FDI inflows include: better citizen ability to select a government; freedom of expression; freedom of association and a free media; better ability of the government to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote private sector development; and oil production. This indicates that democracy, government policy and oil production are highly regarded by foreign investors who invest in Nigeria. Therefore, it can be argued that, even though results for factors influencing FDI inflows differ, there are similarities as government policy and the oil sector in general influence both countries even though the issues in both countries are not necessarily the same. However, on a global level, investment in the two countries is driven by completely different factors. According to the models, Angolan FDI inflows are driven by global oil production (supply) in the previous year whereas FDI inflows in Nigeria are correlated to the oil price in the previous year. Both of these models, however, leave much to be desired as they have low R2 values which indicate that they explain very little of what influences FDI inflows in the countries.MCom (International Trade), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014