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Zhai, Jingjing, Xiaobei Wu, Zihao Li, Shaojie Zhu, Bo Yang y Haoming Liu. "Day-Ahead and Intra-Day Collaborative Optimized Operation among Multiple Energy Stations". Energies 14, n.º 4 (10 de febrero de 2021): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040936.
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An integrated energy system (IES) shows great potential in reducing the terminal energy supply cost and improving energy efficiency, but the operation scheduling of an IES, especially integrated with inter-connected multiple energy stations, is rather complex since it is affected by various factors. Toward a comprehensive operation scheduling of multiple energy stations, in this paper, a day-ahead and intra-day collaborative operation model is proposed. The targeted IES consists of electricity, gas, and thermal systems. First, the energy flow and equipment composition of the IES are analyzed, and a detailed operation model of combined equipment and networks is established. Then, with the objective of minimizing the total expected operation cost, a robust optimization of day-ahead and intra-day scheduling for energy stations is constructed subject to equipment operation constraints, network constraints, and so on. The day-ahead operation provides start-up and shut-down scheduling of units, and in the operating day, the intra-day rolling operation optimizes the power output of equipment and demand response with newly evolved forecasting information. The photovoltaic (PV) uncertainty and electric load demand response are also incorporated into the optimization model. Eventually, with the piecewise linearization method, the formulated optimization model is converted to a mixed-integer linear programming model, which can be solved using off-the-shelf solvers. A case study on an IES with five energy stations verifies the effectiveness of the proposed day-ahead and intra-day collaborative robust operation strategy.
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Ralston Fonseca, Francisco, Paulina Jaramillo, Mario Bergés y Edson Severnini. "Seasonal effects of climate change on intra-day electricity demand patterns". Climatic Change 154, n.º 3-4 (25 de marzo de 2019): 435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-019-02413-w.
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Shahryari, E., H. Shayeghi, B. Mohammadi-ivatloo y M. Moradzadeh. "An improved incentive-based demand response program in day-ahead and intra-day electricity markets". Energy 155 (julio de 2018): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.04.170.
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Sun, Ziru, Minyu Chen, Qian Ai, Long Zhao, Xiaoming Liu y Donglei Sun. "An Optimization Strategy for Intra-day Demand Response Based on Security Constraints". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1754, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2021): 012211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1754/1/012211.
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Coroamă, Iulia, Gianfranco Chicco, Mihai Gavrilaş y Angela Russo. "Distribution system optimisation with intra-day network reconfiguration and demand reduction procurement". Electric Power Systems Research 98 (mayo de 2013): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2013.01.004.
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Abramova, Ekaterina y Derek Bunn. "Forecasting the Intra-Day Spread Densities of Electricity Prices". Energies 13, n.º 3 (5 de febrero de 2020): 687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030687.
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Intra-day price spreads are of interest to electricity traders, storage and electric vehicle operators. This paper formulates dynamic density functions, based upon skewed-t and similar representations, to model and forecast the German electricity price spreads between different hours of the day, as revealed in the day-ahead auctions. The four specifications of the density functions are dynamic and conditional upon exogenous drivers, thereby permitting the location, scale and shape parameters of the densities to respond hourly to such factors as weather and demand forecasts. The best fitting and forecasting specifications for each spread are selected based on the Pinball Loss function, following the closed-form analytical solutions of the cumulative distribution functions.
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Li, Zhengjie y Zhisheng Zhang. "Day-Ahead and Intra-Day Optimal Scheduling of Integrated Energy System Considering Uncertainty of Source & Load Power Forecasting". Energies 14, n.º 9 (28 de abril de 2021): 2539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092539.
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At present, due to the errors of wind power, solar power and various types of load forecasting, the optimal scheduling results of the integrated energy system (IES) will be inaccurate, which will affect the economic and reliable operation of the integrated energy system. In order to solve this problem, a day-ahead and intra-day optimal scheduling model of integrated energy system considering forecasting uncertainty is proposed in this paper, which takes the minimum operation cost of the system as the target, and different processing strategies are adopted for the model. In the day-ahead time scale, according to day-ahead load forecasting, an integrated demand response (IDR) strategy is formulated to adjust the load curve, and an optimal scheduling scheme is obtained. In the intra-day time scale, the predicted value of wind power, solar power and load power are represented by fuzzy parameters to participate in the optimal scheduling of the system, and the output of units is adjusted based on the day-ahead scheduling scheme according to the day-ahead forecasting results. The simulation of specific examples shows that the integrated demand response can effectively adjust the load demand and improve the economy and reliability of the system operation. At the same time, the operation cost of the system is related to the reliability of the accurate prediction of wind power, solar power and load power. Through this model, the optimal scheduling scheme can be determined under an acceptable prediction accuracy and confidence level.
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Ramírez-Mendiola, José Luis, Philipp Grünewald y Nick Eyre. "Linking intra-day variations in residential electricity demand loads to consumers’ activities: What's missing?" Energy and Buildings 161 (febrero de 2018): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.12.012.
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Téllez-Gutiérrez, Sandra y Oscar Duarte-Velasco. "A Model for Quantifying Expected Effects of Demand-Side Management Strategies". TecnoLógicas 25, n.º 54 (22 de junio de 2022): e2357. http://dx.doi.org/10.22430/22565337.2357.
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This paper presents a quantitative dynamic model that can assess the response of a set of users to different Demand-Side Management strategies that are available. The main objective is to conceptualize, implement, and validate said model. As a result of a literature review, the model includes classical demand response techniques and proposes new customer actions and other novel aspects, such as energy culture and energy education. Based on the conceptualization of the model, this paper presents the structure that interrelates customer actions, demand proposals, cost-benefit analysis, and customer response. It also details the main aspects of the mathematical model, which was implemented in the Modelica modeling language. This paper includes simulations of intra-day and inter-day load shifting strategies using real data from the electricity sector in Colombia and different tariff factors. Finally, the results obtained show changes in daily consumption profiles, energy cost, system power peak, and load duration curve. Three conclusions are drawn: (i) Energy culture and pedagogy are essential to accelerate customer response time. (ii) The amount of the bill paid by customers decreases more quickly in the intra-day strategy than in its inter-day counterpart; in both cases, the cost reduction percentage is similar. (iii) Tariff increases accelerate customer response, and this relationship varies according to the Demand-Side Management strategies that are available
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Golia, Silvia, Luigi Grossi y Matteo Pelagatti. "Machine Learning Models and Intra-Daily Market Information for the Prediction of Italian Electricity Prices". Forecasting 5, n.º 1 (30 de diciembre de 2022): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/forecast5010003.
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In this paper we assess how intra-day electricity prices can improve the prediction of zonal day-ahead wholesale electricity prices in Italy. We consider linear autoregressive models with exogenous variables (ARX) with and without interactions among predictors, and non-parametric models taken from the machine learning literature. In particular, we implement Random Forests and support vector machines, which should automatically capture the relevant interactions among predictors. Given the large number of predictors, ARX models are also estimated using LASSO regularization, which improves predictions when regressors are many and selects the important variables. In addition to zonal intra-day prices, among the predictors we include also the official demand forecasts and wind generation expectations. Our results show that the prediction performance of the simple ARX model is mostly superior to those of machine learning models. The analysis of the relevance of exogenous variables, using variable importance measures, reveals that intra-day market information successfully contributes to the forecasting performance, although the impact differs among the estimated models.
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Talan, M. I., B. T. Engel y P. H. Chew. "Systematic nocturnal atrial demand pacing results in high-output heart failure". Journal of Applied Physiology 72, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1992): 1803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1803.
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Beat-to-beat parameters of heart rate (HR), intra-arterial blood pressure (BP), central venous pressure, and derived indexes of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were recorded 18 h/day (from 1800 to 1200 h the following day) in four monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during 20 control days followed by 20 days of atrial demand pacing. The pacing rate was set at approximately 10 beats/min above the fastest hourly average HR recorded during the control period, i.e., sufficient to prevent the normal nocturnal fall in HR. Nocturnal pacing resulted in progressive weekly increases in central venous BP and arterial BP. Analyses of levels and diurnal trends in hemodynamic parameters and cardiac function curves across consecutive 5-day periods of nocturnal pacing revealed a hemodynamic pattern characteristic of high-output heart failure, which progressively increased (week by week) during the early morning hours (0500–0700). Sustained elevated left ventricular work resulting from the prevention of a nocturnal fall in HR may have been responsible for the reduction in cardiac function seen in this experimental model.
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Satre-Meloy, Aven, Marina Diakonova y Philipp Grünewald. "Daily life and demand: an analysis of intra-day variations in residential electricity consumption with time-use data". Energy Efficiency 13, n.º 3 (24 de abril de 2019): 433–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09791-1.
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Moreno, Ricardo, Johan Obando y Gabriel Gonzalez. "An integrated OPF dispatching model with wind power and demand response for day-ahead markets". International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2019): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2794-2802.
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In the day-ahead dispatching of network-constrained electricity markets, renewable energy and distributed resources are dispatched together with conventional generation. The uncertainty and volatility associated to renewable resources represents a new paradigm to be faced for power system operation. Moreover, in various electricity markets there are mechanisms to allow the demand participation through demand response (DR) strategies. Under operational and economic restrictions, the operator each day, or even in intra-day markets, dispatchs an optimal power flow to find a feasible state of operation. The operation decisions in power markets use an optimal power flow considering unit commitment to dispatch economically generation and DR resources under security restrictions. This paper constructs a model to include demand response in the optimal power flow under wind power uncertainty. The model is formulated as a mixed-integer linear quadratic problem and evaluated through Monte-Carlo simulations. A large number of scenarios around a trajectory bid captures the uncertainty in wind power forecasting. The proposed integrated OPF model is tested on the standard IEEE 39-bus system.
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Vesa, Andreea Valeria, Tudor Cioara, Ionut Anghel, Marcel Antal, Claudia Pop, Bogdan Iancu, Ioan Salomie y Vasile Teodor Dadarlat. "Energy Flexibility Prediction for Data Center Engagement in Demand Response Programs". Sustainability 12, n.º 4 (14 de febrero de 2020): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041417.
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In this paper, we address the problem of the efficient and sustainable operation of data centers (DCs) from the perspective of their optimal integration with the local energy grid through active participation in demand response (DR) programs. For DCs’ successful participation in such programs and for minimizing the risks for their core business processes, their energy demand and potential flexibility must be accurately forecasted in advance. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an energy prediction model that uses a genetic heuristic to determine the optimal ensemble of a set of neural network prediction models to minimize the prediction error and the uncertainty concerning DR participation. The model considers short term time horizons (i.e., day-ahead and 4-h-ahead refinements) and different aspects such as the energy demand and potential energy flexibility (the latter being defined in relation with the baseline energy consumption). The obtained results, considering the hardware characteristics as well as the historical energy consumption data of a medium scale DC, show that the genetic-based heuristic improves the energy demand prediction accuracy while the intra-day prediction refinements further reduce the day-ahead prediction error. In relation to flexibility, the prediction of both above and below baseline energy flexibility curves provides good results for the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), which is just above 6%, allowing for safe DC participation in DR programs.
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Liu, Yushan, Qianqian Liu, Huaimin Guan, Xiao Li, Daqiang Bi, Yingjun Guo y Hexu Sun. "Optimization Strategy of Configuration and Scheduling for User-Side Energy Storage". Electronics 11, n.º 1 (30 de diciembre de 2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010120.
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In order to reduce the impact of load power fluctuations on the power system and ensure the economic benefits of user-side energy storage operation, an optimization strategy of configuration and scheduling based on model predictive control for user-side energy storage is proposed in this study. Firstly, considering the cost and benefits of energy storage comprehensively, an energy storage configuration optimization model with the highest annualized net income as the goal is built to determine the parameters for configuring energy storage. Then, with the goal of maximizing the profit during the scheduling period, pre-month scheduling optimization model, day-ahead scheduling optimization model and intra-day scheduling optimization model are established. The goal of the pre-month scheduling optimization model is to determine the maximum monthly demand; part of the scheduling results in the day-ahead scheduling optimization model directly participate in the intra-day scheduling; the intra-day rolling optimization relies on the advantages of real-time feedback and closed-loop scheduling to smooth out power fluctuations caused by load forecast errors. Finally, the configuration and economic benefit of lithium iron phosphate batteries, lead-carbon batteries and sodium-sulfur batteries are analyzed and compared, and scheduling analysis is performed. The simulation results show that the proposed optimization method can cut peaks and fill valleys, ensure the economic benefits of users, and provide guidance for users to invest in energy storage.
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Oladimeji, Oluwaseun, Álvaro Ortega, Lukas Sigrist, Luis Rouco, Pedro Sánchez-Martín y Enrique Lobato. "Optimal Participation of Heterogeneous, RES-Based Virtual Power Plants in Energy Markets". Energies 15, n.º 9 (27 de abril de 2022): 3207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093207.
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In this work, the optimal participation of heterogeneous, Renewable Energy Source (RES)-based Virtual Power Plant (VPP) in Day-Ahead Market (DAM) and Intra-Day Market (IDM) is studied. For this purpose, a detailed model of the RES-based VPP and of the market operation is needed. The VPP includes both dispatchable and non-dispatchable RESs and flexible demand assets. This paper presents an improved, linear solar thermal plant model to consider its non-linear efficiency curve. A novel demand model with two flexibility levels that are associated with the different market sessions is also proposed. The market operation allows for updates of energy offers and this is used by the VPP to submit DAM auctions and to participate subsequently in IDM to correct for deviations. Finally, the optimal participation of the VPP in energy markets is assessed under different weather conditions.
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Liu, Di, Junwei Cao y Mingshuang Liu. "Joint Optimization of Energy Storage Sharing and Demand Response in Microgrid Considering Multiple Uncertainties". Energies 15, n.º 9 (22 de abril de 2022): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093067.
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Energy storage (ES) is playing an increasingly important role in reducing the spatial and temporal power imbalance of supply and demand caused by the uncertainty and periodicity of renewable energy in the microgrid. The utilization efficiency of distributed ES belonging to different entities can be improved through sharing, and considerable flexibility resources can be provided to the microgrid through the coordination of ES sharing and demand response, but its reliability is affected by multiple uncertainties from different sources. In this study, a two-stage ES sharing mechanism is proposed, in which the idle ES capacity is aggregated on the previous day to provide reliable resources for real-time optimization. Then, a two-layer semi-coupled optimization strategy based on a deep deterministic policy gradient is proposed to solve the asynchronous decision problems of day-ahead sharing and intra-day optimization. To deal with the impact of multiple uncertainties, Monte Carlo sampling is applied to ensure that the shared ES capacity is sufficient in any circumstances. Simulation verifies that the local consumption rate of renewable energy is effectively increased by 12.9%, and both microgrid operator and prosumers can improve their revenue through the joint optimization of ES sharing and demand response.
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Kannavou, Zampara y Capros. "Modelling the EU Internal Electricity Market: The PRIMES-IEM Model". Energies 12, n.º 15 (26 de julio de 2019): 2887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152887.
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The paper presents a newly built model used to simulate the European Union (EU) internal electricity market and assess market reform policies. The model performs an hourly simulation of all stages of the wholesale markets at a Pan-European scale, covering the sequence of day-ahead, intra-day, and balancing/reserve auctions. The model includes market coupling in all market stages, estimates scarcity bidding by generators endogenously, and determines electricity trade as a flow-based allocation of interconnections via the market auctions implicitly. The model solves a unit-commitment program, formulated as a mixed-integer optimisation problem, under demand and generation constraints, interconnection possibilities, technical restrictions of the cyclic operation of power plants, and the provision of ancillary services. The novelty of this approach is the inclusion of distortions in all stages of the markets to evaluate the impacts of their removal, and the operation of the markets in a segmented versus an integrated manner in the EU. The model calculates revenues and costs per power plant in the EU on a country basis and the value of cross-border flows. The model evaluated market reform measures, including the abolishment of priority dispatch of renewable energy plants, the establishment of flow-based allocation of interconnectors without NTC limitations, the activation of demand response, and the market coupling in intra-day markets. The model application has been in the context of the electricity market design initiative included in the “Clean Energy for all Europeans” policy package proposed by the European Commission in 2016.
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Engel, B. T., M. I. Talan y P. H. Chew. "Effect of nocturnal atrial demand cardiac pacing on diurnal hemodynamic patterns". Journal of Applied Physiology 72, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1992): 1798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1798.
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Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), intra-arterial blood pressure, and central venous pressure were recorded on a beat-to-beat basis, 18 h/day (1800–1200 h the following day), for approximately 2 mo in four monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Cardiac output, left ventricular work, and total peripheral resistance were derived from these primary measurements. During the 1st mo we measured these parameters under control conditions, and during the 2nd mo the animals were studied while HR was paced by atrial demand pacing sufficient to prevent the normal nocturnal fall in HR (approximately 10 beats/min above the fastest hourly average rate recorded during the control condition). The main hypothesis of this study was that when HR is prevented from falling, SV, which normally does not fall overnight, would fall; this hypothesis was confirmed. In addition, we observed that, during the period of pacing, relative to the control period, SV was approximately 14% greater during the early evening and 4% lower during the early morning; total peripheral resistance was similar during the early evening but was 13% higher by morning. Throughout the night, systolic pressure was approximately 4% greater, diastolic pressure was 17% higher, central venous pressure was 43% greater, and left ventricular work was 27% higher. These findings show that when HR is prevented from falling overnight by atrial demand pacing, even to a relatively modest degree, there can be very significant sustained changes in cardiovascular function.
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Dubé, Catherine, Christine Cserti-Gazdewich, Gord Tait y Jacob Pendergrast. "Preparing for Platelet Shortages: Which Surgeries Should be Cancelled?" Blood 136, Supplement 1 (5 de noviembre de 2020): 23–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-138917.
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Introduction: Due to their short shelf-life, platelet concentrates are particularly susceptible to the product shortages which may result from shortfalls in donor collections or disruptions to the manufacturing and supply chain. Mechanisms to address shortages are particularly important in light of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian Blood Services (CBS), the national blood center serving Canada except Quebec, called a national Green Advisory Phase from May to June 2020 on platelet products and O negative red blood cells, requesting daily hospital inventory reports. When such shortages occur, it may be challenging to identify which surgical procedures are likely to require platelet transfusion support and should therefore be rescheduled. Methods: Information systems maintained by the Blood Transfusion Service (Wellsky®) and the Department of Surgical Services (ORSOS®) were cross-referenced for the 2019 calendar year at a large adult teaching hospital in Toronto with active cardiovascular and transplant programs. Only procedures that were performed more than 25 times during this period were included in the analysis. Average platelet consumption on the day of surgery, 1 week post-operatively and 30 days post-operatively was calculated. Results: 50 procedures with a potential for requiring intra-operative platelet transfusion support were identified, with the greatest demand being those involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CBP) support (27% of cases transfused, median of 2.7 units per case) and heart, liver and lung transplantation (24% of cases transfused, median of 4.2 units per case). Although spinal surgery as a group was not a high platelet consumer (4% of cases transfused, median of 0.3 units per case), certain complex procedures such as thoracic-lumbar laminectomy and thoracic-lumbar decompression and fusion were more at risk of requiring platelet support during and in the post-operative period. Due to their frequency, procedures on CPB created the highest demand in platelets with close to 4500 units distributed during the year. Standard deviations for many procedures was large, up to 10 units in the intra-operative period. Other procedures with low-risk of intra-operative platelet transfusion support but a possibility of requiring platelet transfusion in the 30-day post-operative period included renal transplantation and neurosurgical procedures. Interestingly, renal transplant patients generally did not require transfusion support during surgery or in the immediate post-operative period but only when looking at 30-day requirements. For most patients, these procedures would therefore be at risk only in the setting of very prolonged shortages. Conclusion: Data-driven demand forecasting for intra-operative and post-operative platelet transfusion support may be of value in risk-benefit analysis of proceeding with specific surgical procedures in the setting of platelet shortages. However, some of the procedures with the highest platelet consumption serve the sickest patients and cannot be postponed. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Narula, Mr Rajneesh y Mr Kaushal Gandhi. "Performance Analysis and Evaluation of Hybrid Network using different Integrated Routing Protocols". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 11, n.º 10 (5 de diciembre de 2013): 3090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v11i10.2978.
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The increasing demand of computer communication networks are growing rapidly day by day. With the growing need to distribute applications across multiple networks and the availability of high capacity, high-performance intermediate switching nodes, and networks, an efficient routing mechanism has become the core requirement. This research primarily focuses on the design and performance of Hybrid Network incorporating different intra-domain routing algorithms. The performance evaluation of different routing algorithms for the transmission of video- and voice-data streams over Hybrid network is demonstrated in this work.. This allows multiple Ethernet point-to-point links to be bundled into one logical full-duplex channel for Fast Ethernet (10BaseT, 100BaseT, or 1000BaseX). These applications require some QoS support such as guaranteed bandwidth, less delay, less jittering effect and low error rate. The QoS relies on a number of factors along with a suite of robust routing protocols that help to accomplish the task of moving datagram from source to destination with high bandwidth and low delay rate. An effective intra-domain network routing protocol may make distributed applications more efficient across multiple networks with the availability of high capacity and high-performance. A variety of intra-domain routing protocols such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest First Protocol (OSPF), Interior Gateway Protocol (IGRP) and Enhanced Interior Gateway Protocol (EIGRP) are available and widely used in designing such high capacity and high performance networks with optimum QoS. We evaluate the performance of these intra-domain routing protocols with IS-IS to recommend the optimum routing protocol to use to provide optimum QoS by means of OPNET Simulator TM. In this thesis work, the following objectives are considered and demonstrated.
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Zhang, Fan, Senjing Yao, Xiankai Zeng, Ping Yang, Zhuoli Zhao, Chun Sing Lai y Loi Lei Lai. "Operation Strategy for Electric Vehicle Battery Swap Station Cluster Participating in Frequency Regulation Service". Processes 9, n.º 9 (26 de agosto de 2021): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9091513.
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Idle batteries in the battery swap stations (BSSs) of electric vehicles (EVs) can be used as regulated power sources. Considering the battery swap service and the frequency regulation (FR) service, this paper establishes a model of BSS cluster participating in the FR service and formulates a two-stage operation strategy. The day-ahead strategy arranges the battery charging plan and FR plan with the goal of the optimal operating economy on the next day. The intra-day strategy aims at maximizing the satisfaction degree of battery swap, minimizing the loss of planned revenue and ensuring the coordination of battery swap service and FR service by regulating the charging and discharging status of each battery in real-time. The simulation case shows that, under the prerequisite of gratifying the battery swap demand, the strategy improves the operating economy by making full use of idle batteries which bear a part in the FR service.
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Salam, Priyadarshini, Veluru Bhargav, Y. C. Gupta y P. K. Nimbolkar. "Evolution in Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea Commers.) - A review". Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2017): 1489–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i3.1389.
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Bougainvillea is a popular ornamental, mostly valued for its multi coloured bracts. It can be used in the garden as a shrub, climber, pot plant or as a specimen plant. By keeping the view of its multiple uses there is always demand for the new coloured and forms of bracts in bougainvillea. All the present day colourful bracted bougainvilleas are developed through bud sports, mutations and inter and intra specific hybridization. There is no record of varieties evolved in bougainvillea through classical breeding in different countries. Present article will provide maximum information generated in India by different re-search institutes on classical and mutation breeding on bougainvillea.
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Menapace, Andrea, Simone Santopietro, Rudy Gargano y Maurizio Righetti. "Stochastic Generation of District Heat Load". Energies 14, n.º 17 (27 de agosto de 2021): 5344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175344.
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Modelling heat load is a crucial challenge for the proper management of heat production and distribution. Several studies have tackled this issue at building and urban levels, however, the current scale of interest is shifting to the district level due to the new paradigm of the smart system. This study presents a stochastic procedure to model district heat load with a different number of buildings aggregation. The proposed method is based on a superimposition approach by analysing the seasonal component using a linear regression model on the outdoor temperature and the intra-daily component through a bi-parametric distribution of different times of the day. Moreover, an empirical relationship, that estimates the demand variation given the average demand together with a user aggregation coefficient, is proposed. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, the study of a group of residential users connected to the district heating system of Bozen-Bolzano is carried out. In addition, an application on a three-day prevision shows the suitability of this approach. The final purpose is to provide a flexible tool for district heat load characterisation and prevision based on a sample of time series data and summary information about the buildings belonging to the analysed district.
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González-Roz, Alba, Víctor Martínez-Loredo, Roberto Secades-Villa, Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona y José Luís Carballo Crespo. "INCREASED VALUE OF SUBSTANCES OR DECREASING ALTERNATIVES? BEHAVIORAL ECONOMICS IN THE TIME OF COVID-19". Health and Addictions/Salud y Drogas 21, n.º 2 (12 de agosto de 2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/haaj.v21i2.609.
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COVID-19 offers a chance to test the Reinforcer Pathology (RP) model through the effects of social constraints on the motivation to use drugs. Aims. This study aimed to empirically assess the RP model in the context of a cross-sectional online survey in Spain. Method. During the strictest period of confinement (14th March-12th April 2020), 203 participants provided measures on past 30-day use of legal and illegal substances and responded to hypothetical alcohol and cigarette purchase tasks. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted to inform on pre- and intra-pandemic substance use patterns. Breakpoint (i.e., price at which consumption ceases), elasticity (i.e., sensitivity of demand to rises in costs) and intensity (i.e., unrestricted consumption) were used as indicators of substance use demand. Results. Past 30-day alcohol use decreased from 71.4% (145/203) to 50.7% (103/203), tobacco from 14.3% (30/203) to 12.8% (26/203), and cannabis from 8.9% (18/203) to 4.4% (9/203). Predictably, illegal substance use went from 1% (2/203) to 0%. Conclusions. Despite reductions in substance use, alcohol and tobacco reinforcement, as measured by intensity and breakpoint, slightly increased within the first month of confinement. Potentially beneficial nudges and intervention strategies are discussed from the preventive and treatment standpoint.
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Nguyen Duc, Huy y Nhung Nguyen Hong. "Optimal Reserve and Energy Scheduling for a Virtual Power Plant Considering Reserve Activation Probability". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 20 (18 de octubre de 2021): 9717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209717.
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With the increasing share of variable and limitedly predictable renewable energy in power systems worldwide, ensuring reserve capacity to maintain the balance of supply and demand becomes more important. On the other hand, the development of the virtual power plant model (VPP) allows renewable sources and energy storage to participate in reserve service. This paper addresses the optimal reserve bidding strategy problem of a VPP comprising of renewable energy resources (RESs), energy storage systems (ESSs), and several customers. The VPP participates in balance capacity (BC), day-ahead (DA), and intra-day (ID) markets. The scheduling problem is formulated as a two-stage chance-constrained optimization model taking the uncertainty of RESs production, load consumption, and probability of reserve activation into account. The response of VPP after its reserve capacity is called and generated is also considered to increase the operational flexibility of VPP. The proposed model is implemented on a test VPP system, and the effects of RESs sizing, ESSs sizing, and the probability of reserve activation are analyzed. Results indicate that the proposed model can perform well under real-world conditions.
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Pan, Ting-Tiao, Mei-Ting Guo, Wang Guo, Ping Lu y De-Yu Hu. "A Sensitive SERS Method for Determination of Pymetrozine in Apple and Cabbage Based on an Easily Prepared Substrate". Foods 10, n.º 8 (13 de agosto de 2021): 1874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081874.
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Residual pesticides are one of the major food safety concerns around the world. There is a demand for simple and reliable methods to monitor pesticide residues in foods. In this study, a sensitive method for determination of pymetrozine in apple and cabbage samples using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on decanethiol functionalized silver nanoparticles was established. The proposed method performed satisfactorily with the linear detection range of 0.01–1.00 mg/L and limit of detection (LOD) of 0.01 mg/L in methanol. In addition, it was successfully used to detect pymetrozine in apple and cabbage samples, the LOD was 0.02 and 0.03 mg/L, respectively, and the recoveries of spiked cabbage and apple ranged 70.40–104.00%, with relative standard deviations below 12.18% and 10.33% for intra-day and inter-day tests. Moreover, the results of the correlation test with real cabbage samples of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry showed that they were highly correlated (slope = 0.9895, R2 = 0.9953). This study provides a sensitive approach for detection of pymetrozine in apple and cabbage, which has great potential for determination of pymetrozine residues in food products.
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Li, Jiaming, Ying Qiao, Guojing Liu y Zongxiang Lu. "Capacity Configuration of Battery Energy Storage System for Photovoltaic Generation System Considering the High Chargerate". E3S Web of Conferences 182 (2020): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018203003.
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Battery energy storage system (BESS) is one of the important solutions to improve the accommodation of large-scale grid connected photovoltaic (PV) generation and increase its operation economy. However, the strong intra-day volatility and severe curtailment of PV power sets a high demand of BESS charge-rate that is a key factor in operation models but ignored in current planning researches. This paper proposes a BESS capacity configuration model for PV generation systems which takes BESS’s ability to (dis)charge exceeds its rated power into account. The best charge-rate and power & energy capacity of BESS are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Through an analysis of the annual output statistics of PV power station in the northwest of China, the results show that when considering the high charge-rate of BESS, the optimal BESS capacity configuration rises and comprehensive income of the PV-BESS system will increase.
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Li, Kun, Joseph Cursio y Yunchuan Sun. "Principal Component Analysis of Price Fluctuation in the Smart Grid Electricity Market". Sustainability 10, n.º 11 (2 de noviembre de 2018): 4019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114019.
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Large price fluctuations have become a significant character and impede resource allocation in the electricity market. Negative prices and peak load spike prices coexist and represent over-supply and over-demand, respectively. It is important to interpret the impact of these extreme prices on sustainable power management from the perspective of economics. In this paper, we build a principal component analysis (PCA) to assess the impact of the two opposite phenomena on the smart grid electricity system. We perform a big-data study using intra-day data from the Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Maryland (PJM) electricity system with over 11,000 transmission lines. As the contribution, this paper (1) measures the price fluctuations from the perspective of economics, (2) captures and observes the full-length behavior of negative and spike pricing in a modern smart grid system with multi-transmission lines and high-frequency price updates, and (3) employs methods with distinctive advantages to bring more in-depth findings to interpret the smart grid system. We find that spike prices hold the principal explanatory power for electricity market fluctuation in all the transmission lines. The results are consistent with previous studies about resolutions such as electrical energy storage, transmission capacity upgrade, and demand response.
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Roumkos, Christos, Pandelis N. Biskas y Ilias Marneris. "Manual Frequency Restoration Reserve Activation Clearing Model". Energies 14, n.º 18 (14 de septiembre de 2021): 5793. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185793.
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The integration of the European markets has started with the successful coupling of spot markets (day-ahead and intra-day) and is expected to continue with the coupling of balancing markets. In this paper, the optimization model for the activation of manual frequency restoration reserve (mFRR) is presented. The model incorporates all order types agreed among the European transmission system operators (TSOs) to be included in the Manually Activated Reserves Initiative (MARI) project. Additionally, the model incorporates the buying curve (demand) of mFRR with the possible tolerance band defined by the TSOs, order clearing constraints and the cross-zonal capacity (CZC) constraints, forming a mixed integer linear programming model. The methodology employs two distinct steps: In the first step, an order conversion process is employed for the markets applying the central-scheduling scheme, and in the second step, the mFRR activation process is executed by solving the presented model. The whole process is tested using a case, including twenty-five European control areas. The attained clearing results indicate that price convergence is achieved among the involved control areas, along with a reduction in the overall balancing costs mainly due to the imbalance netting that is implicitly performed during the joint mFRR balancing energy (BE) clearing process and due to the cross-border exchange of mFRR BE.
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Ahmad, Ansari Muhammad Zubair, Gillani Syed Rafay Ali y Waqar Tariq. "Remote Ischemic Preconditioning is a Safe Adjuvant Technique to Myocardial Protection But Adds No Clinical Benefit After On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting". Heart Surgery Forum 17, n.º 4 (1 de septiembre de 2014): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf98.2014391.
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<p><b>Background:</b> To evaluate the impact of remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) on clinical outcome, biological markers of myocardial injury, and its safety in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).</p><p><b>Material and Methods:</b> This study was conducted at Ch. Pervaiz Elahi Institute of Cardiology (CPEIC) in Multan. The study took place from March 2012 to June 2013. Patients were randomly placed into two groups. Group A (N = 32) did not undergo RIPC; Group B (N = 35) received RIPC after induction of anesthesia. Similar standard general anesthesia, cardiopulmonary technique, myocardial protection strategies, and surgical techniques were used in both groups except the protocol for RIPC. Following postoperative outcome, i.e. cardiac defibrillation after removal of aortic cross clamp during the period of rewarming, demand for intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), demand for antiarrhythmic before leaving the operation room, postoperative creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) level (at 1h, 12h, 24h, and 48h after surgery), postoperative serum creatinine level on first postoperative day, postoperative ejection fraction (EF) on third postoperative day, in-hospital mortality, and one-year mortality were noted, prospectively. Safety of protocol of RIPC was estimated by limb ischemia monitored by pulse oximetry during and after procedure of RIPC and postoperative neurapraxia by nerve examination of right upper limb.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Post aortic cross clamp release cardiac defibrillation, demand for IABP, demand for high inotropes, and use of antiarrhythmic in the operation room were statistically insignificant in the non-RIPC and RIPC group with <i>P</i> values of .54, .78, .16, and .16, respectively. Mean postoperative CK-MB level (IU/L) showed the following results: At 1h (Group A 20.94 + 1.66, Group B 20.57 + 1.54, <i>P</i> = .35), at 12h (Group A 27.13 + 1.85, Group B 28.05 + 3.04, <i>P</i> = .135), at 24h (Group A 27.63 + 1.7, Group B 27.85 + 2.2, <i>P</i> = .63), and at 48h (Group A 22.95 + 2.76, Group B 23.27 + 3.6, <i>P</i> = .69). First postoperative day serum creatinine (Group A 1.29 + 0.395, Group B 1.33 + 0.57, <i>P</i> = .77) and postoperative ejection fraction percentage on the third postoperative day (Group A 50.78 + 8.72, Group B 50.57 + 8.38, <i>P</i> = .92) showed no statistical difference between two groups. Postoperative low cardiac output state, in-hospital mortality, and one-year mortality also were statistically insignificant between the groups with <i>P</i> values of .93, .29, and .33, respectively. None of the patients in either group showed evidence of limb ischemia and neurapraxia of the right upper limb.</p><p>Conclusion: RIPC is a safe technique, but it does not have additional clinical benefit after on-pump CABG surgery in the presence of a standard myocardial protective strategy.</p>
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Evans, Barny y Sabbir Sidat. "The use of temporal factors for improved CO2 emissions accounting in buildings". Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, n.º 2 (17 de enero de 2018): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417753297.
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This paper is an investigation into the issues around how we calculate CO2 emissions in the built environment. At present, in Building Regulations and GHG Protocol calculations used for buildings and corporate CO2 emissions calculations, it is standard to use a single number for the CO2 emission factor of each source. This paper considers how energy demand, particularly electricity at different times of the day, season and even year can differ in terms of its CO2 emissions. This paper models three different building types (retail, office and home) using standard software to estimate a profile of energy demand. It then considers how CO2 emissions calculations differ between using the single standard emissions factor and using an hourly emissions factor based on real electrical grid generation over a year. The paper also examines the impact of considering lifetime emissions factors rather than one-year factors using UK government projections. The results show that there is a significant difference to the analysis of benefit in terms of CO2 emissions from different measures – both intra- and inter-year – due to the varying CO2 emissions intensity, even when they deliver the same amount of net energy saving. Other factors not considered in this paper, such as impact on peak generation and air quality, are likely to be important when considering whole-system impacts. In line with this, it is recommended that moves are made to incorporate intra- and inter-year emissions factor changes in methodologies for calculating CO2 emissions. (This is particularly important as demand side response and energy storage, although generally accepted as important in the decarbonisation of the energy system at present will show as an increase in CO2 emissions when using a single number.) Further work quantifying the impact on air quality and peak generation capacity should also be considered. Practical application: This paper aims to help practitioners to understand the performance gap between how systems need to be designed in order to meet regulations compared to how buildings perform in reality – both today and in the future. In particular, it considers the use of ‘real-time’ carbon factors in order to attain long-term CO2 reductions. This methodology enables decision makers to understand the impacts of different energy reduction technologies, considering each of their unique characteristics and usage profiles. If implemented, the result is a simple-to-use dataset which can be embedded into the software packages already available onto the market which mirrors the complexity of the electricity grid that is under-represented through the use of a static carbon figure.
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IBRAHIM, Rafiu Babatunde, Emmanuel Adigun TOYOBO, Samuel Babatunde ADEDOTUN y Sulaiman YUNUS. "Evaluation of the Public Pipe-borne Water supply in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria". Economic and Environmental Studies 18, n.º 3 (47) (26 de noviembre de 2020): 1105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/ees.2018.47.4.
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This paper assesses the residents’ access to public pipe-borne water in Ilorin West Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. The authors analyzed spatial distribution and functionality of public pipe-borne water. They also examined intra-urban variation in the distribution of public pipe-borne water in the study area. The study used primary data which were obtained through random sampling techniques of 400 households, using structured questionnaire in the twelve political administrative wards of the examined area. Physical enumeration was also adopted to identify the functional and non-functional public pipe-borne water points. Descriptive statistics in the form of frequency table and percentages with chi-square were used to describe residents’ demand and accessibility of public pipe-borne water. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to examine intra-urban variations in the functionality of public pipe-borne water. The results revealed that distribution of public pipe-borne water cut across different localities in the twelve political administrative wards that Ilorin West Local Government consisted of. Although the highest proportion (60.24%) of public pipe-borne water points were observed to be functioning, a significant proportion (39.26%) were not functioning. The highest proportion (95.5%) of the respondents were of the opinion that public pipe-borne water is not regularly available. The findings from Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences (F=2.702, P=0.004) in the functioning of public pipe-borne water infrastructural elements existing in the examined area. The study concludes by suggesting the need for the government to ensure regular public water supply to meet the residents’ daily needs for water consumption and domestic use, which continue to increase every day.
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Tesfaye, Abel y Henock T/Selase. "Predictors of relaparotomy for persisting intra abdominal infection in secondary peritonitis". Clinical surgery research communications 5, n.º 3 (29 de septiembre de 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31491/csrc.2021.09.082.
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Background: Peritonitis is one of the commonest causes of acute abdomen in Ethiopia. One of the causes of high morbidity and mortality is persistent intraabdominal infection. The two essential approaches for managing post-op collection are laparotomy on-demand and planned Relaparotomy. Despite multiple studies, both have comparative mortality. This study aimed to identify clinical variables that are predictive of persistent intraabdominal infection. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who were operated on from Sept 2018 to April 2020 at two affiliated referral hospitals of AAU, college of Medicine; Yekatit 12 hospital Medical College and Minilik II referral Hospital. All of the patients were cases of secondary peritonitis. Clinical progress of the patients from admission to discharge/death was documented. Multiple preoperative and intraoperative variables were analyzed to develop the predictive clinical model. Results: Out of 172 laparotomy cases for secondary peritonitis, 40 (23.3%) required relaparotomy for postop collection. From Patients who developed postop collection, 45% of them were diagnosed after pus/Gi content leaked through the surgical wound. The mortality rate of patients who develop postop collection and undergone relaparotomy was 27.5 % and 4.5% for those without postop collection. Logistic regression identified 4 variables as having significant predictive value: Duration of illness more than 5 days, Systolic BP 1000 ml, and small bowel as a source of contamination. Overall prediction successes of the above model is 88.4% (sensitivity 53.3%, specificity 96.8%). Conclusion: Management of persistent intra-abdominal infection is challenging. We have identified 4 clinical variables that predict persistent intraabdominal infection requiring relaparotomy. These sets of variables can be a milestone for future validation study before being inserted in today to day clinical practice.
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Tezcan, Tugba, Banu Sezer, Ugur Tamer y Ismail Hakki Boyaci. "Rapid and Reliable Detection of Lithium in Water Sources Using Surface Enhanced Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (SENLIBS) on Aluminium Substrate". International Journal of Engineering and Technology 15, n.º 1 (febrero de 2023): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2023.v15.1212.
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Lithium is one of the most important materials in re-chargeable battery as well as pharmaceutical and automotive industry. Due to the increasing demand for lithium for industrial production and daily usage, the reliable detection and recovery of lithium, a non-renewable metal, from water resources is an essential requirement. In this work, we performed lithium detection using surface enhanced laser induced breakdown spectroscopy on aluminium (Al) substrate for three different matrices, sea, river and municipal water. We also examined the matrix effect on sensitivity of lithium detection. Lithium spiked samples in different concentration (0- 100 ppm) was dried on an Al surface. The specific emission line of Li 670 nm was used for quantitative analysis. The intensity of Li was obtained about 15 times on Al substrate better than microscope glass. The limit of detection (LOD) value achieved to 0.138 ppm. No significant matrix effect was observed in the different water sources. Good reliability was obtained for intra and inter-day precision methods with RSD is <3.7% and<7.3% respectively in all water samples. Total analysis time including sample preparation is approximately in 1 min. We demonstrated that SENLIBS method provides rapid, high accuracy and repeatability of sensitive Li detection in different water sources.
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Gerçek, D., İ. T. Güven y İ. Ç. Oktay. "ANALYSIS OF THE INTRA-CITY VARIATION OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND AND ITS RELATION TO LAND SURFACE/COVER PARAMETERS". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences III-8 (7 de junio de 2016): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-8-123-2016.
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Along with urbanization, sealing of vegetated land and evaporation surfaces by impermeable materials, lead to changes in urban climate. This phenomenon is observed as temperatures several degrees higher in densely urbanized areas compared to the rural land at the urban fringe particularly at nights, so-called Urban Heat Island. Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is related with urban form, pattern and building materials so far as it is associated with meteorological conditions, air pollution, excess heat from cooling. UHI effect has negative influences on human health, as well as other environmental problems such as higher energy demand, air pollution, and water shortage. <br><br> Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect has long been studied by observations of air temperature from thermometers. However, with the advent and proliferation of remote sensing technology, synoptic coverage and better representations of spatial variation of surface temperature became possible. This has opened new avenues for the observation capabilities and research of UHIs. <br><br> In this study, "UHI effect and its relation to factors that cause it" is explored for İzmit city which has been subject to excess urbanization and industrialization during the past decades. Spatial distribution and variation of UHI effect in İzmit is analysed using Landsat 8 and ASTER day & night images of 2015 summer. Surface temperature data derived from thermal bands of the images were analysed for UHI effect. Higher temperatures were classified into 4 grades of UHIs and mapped both for day and night. <br><br> Inadequate urban form, pattern, density, high buildings and paved surfaces at the expanse of soil ground and vegetation cover are the main factors that cause microclimates giving rise to spatial variations in temperatures across cities. These factors quantified as land surface/cover parameters for the study include vegetation index (NDVI), imperviousness (NDISI), albedo, solar insolation, Sky View Factor (SVF), building envelope, distance to sea, and traffic space density. These parameters that cause variation in intra-city temperatures were evaluated for their relationship with different grades of UHIs. Zonal statistics of UHI classes and variations in average value of parameters were interpreted. The outcomes that highlight local temperature peaks are proposed to the attention of the decision makers for mitigation of Urban Heat Island effect in the city at local and neighbourhood scale.
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Singh, Bhavesh Kumar. "Assessment of Noise Pollution at Different Bus Stations in Lucknow City of Uttar Pradesh, India". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n.º VII (25 de julio de 2021): 2387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36885.
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Noise is word related to undesire sound which disrupts quality of life .when the noise present in ambience exceeds the prescribed limits is called as noise .Excessive noise disrupts day to day activity such as sleep, conversation. It is a type of pollutant which was earlier neglected but as the growth and development took place, excessive noise started to disturb human activity .this lead to identification, quantification and regulation of noise by WHO .the paper present the noise pollution data interpretation of two bus stations of Lucknow city in the month of February 2021. Exposure to elevated level of noise may cause serious weight on the sound-related and sensory system This study deals with assessment of noise pollution at bus station of Lucknow. The noise level was monitored at Charbagh, Awadh and Nahariya for two day each with help of sound pressure level (SPL 1352). Since these three bus stations are inter as well as intra state bus station as they connect the Lucknow with various neighbouring districts so noise level generated here is quite high. Maximum numbers of buses are being operated from these three bus stations to cater the demand of people. With help of noise level various noise parameters were calculated such as L10, L90, L50, Leq, NC, LNP and TNI. for the purpose of proper study and representation of noise present at bus station. Leq value at Charbagh ranges from 73.5-82.3dB and for Awadh it ranges from74.6-82.7dB and for Nahariya it ranges from 77.8-84.4dB .It is observed that all the selected locations, the level of noise was found to be above prescribed noise standard level of CPCB. Such as high level of noise at bus station cause mental discomfort to passengers that needs to be taken care of while designing the bus terminal and proper attention must be paid to reduce to reduce mental agony to passengers as the number of buses are increasing so the noise level. Since Lucknow is still under the process of development thus it becomes to identify locations of noise hot spot and place suitable solutions and strategies to control the menace of noise pollution.
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Zuberi, N. A. "Private Power Generation—Opportunities and Challenges". Pakistan Development Review 47, n.º 4II (1 de diciembre de 2008): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v47i4iipp.1019-1027.
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POWER INDUSTRY DYNAMICS The concept of modern world is imperfect without electricity. The development of modern gadgets in past two decades has made human living as reflection of a science fiction movie. The fiction like living’s axis in fact is electricity and without electricity every thing comes to a grinding halt. Though this picture is portrait of the developed world, yet everyone would agree that wherever electricity has reached, it has transformed everything into power reliant. Whether it is Pakistan or any third world country, the industry; the commerce; the banking system; the methods of teaching in educational institutions; hospitals; control systems of civil aviation and civic traffic systems; and the domestic living, everything revolves around electricity. Whenever there is any break in electricity supply, output of every segment of society drops down to its lowest ebb. Many segments such as process industry and hospitals require highly reliable power supply systems. Truly, electricity is no more a luxury available to rich only; it has now become a basic need. However, scientists have not yet fully succeed in overcoming the challenges posed by the dynamics of electricity. First of all their failure to store electricity on commercial scale has made it necessary to keep generating electricity all the time. However, managing the generation quantum to meet the varying intra-day and inter-day power demand at places which are hundreds of miles apart require dedicated and sophisticated transmission and distribution infrastructure. The problem accentuated in countries like Pakistan where the generation capacity reduces in winter due to lower availability of its hydro power plants and lower availability of gas for thermal generation plants. The transmission cum distribution infrastructure as well as installation cum operations of power generating plants is very capital intensive. Hence it is very difficult for the governments and / or power utilities to develop the generation capacity and the transmission cum distribution network all by itself.
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Costa, Monique Melo, Nicolas Benoit, Florian Saby, Bruno Pradines, Samuel Granjeaud y Lionel Almeras. "Optimization and Standardization of Human Saliva Collection for MALDI-TOF MS". Diagnostics 11, n.º 8 (21 de julio de 2021): 1304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081304.
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SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to unprecedented innovative scientific research to preclude the virus dissemination and limit its impact on life expectancy. Waiting for the collective immunity by vaccination, mass-testing, and isolation of positive cases remain essential. The development of a diagnosis method requiring a simple and non-invasive sampling with a quick and low-cost approach is on demand. We hypothesized that the combination of saliva specimens with MALDI-TOF MS profiling analyses could be the winning duo. Before characterizing MS saliva signatures associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, optimization and standardization of sample collection, preparation and storage up to MS analyses appeared compulsory. In this view, successive experiments were performed on saliva from healthy healthcare workers. Specimen sampling with a roll cotton of Salivette® devices appeared the most appropriate collection mode. Saliva protein precipitation with organic buffers did not improved MS spectra profiles compared to a direct loading of samples mixed with acetonitrile/formic acid buffer onto MS plate. The assessment of sample storage conditions and duration revealed that saliva should be stored on ice until MS analysis, which should occur on the day of sampling. Kinetic collection of saliva highlighted reproducibility of saliva MS profiles over four successive days and also at two-week intervals. The intra-individual stability of saliva MS profiles should be a key factor in the future investigation for biomarkers associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the singularity of MS profiles between individuals will require the development of sophisticated bio-statistical analyses such as machine learning approaches. MALDI-TOF MS profiling of saliva could be a promising PCR-free tool for SARS-CoV-2 screening.
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Mantey, Isaac, Abigail Frempong, Christopher Lartei Aryee y Justice Agyei Ampofo. "AN EXAMINATION OF FACTORS LEADING TO THE COLLAPSE OF PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS IN GHANA: A CASE STUDY OF METRO MASS TRANSPORT". International Journal of Management & Entrepreneurship Research 3, n.º 7 (18 de agosto de 2021): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijmer.v3i7.241.
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Tax payers money are been used every day in Ghana to establish public sector organizations. This is why the management of public sector organizations is important in sustainable development. The main objective of this study was to examine the factors leading to the collapse of Metro Mass Transit in Ghana. The study revealed literature on transportation, the role of the state in public transportation, the nature of Metro Mass Transit operations, management practice of Metro Mass Transit and challenges of the public transport system. The study purposively sampled sixty (60) respondents which comprises of 30 workers of Metro Mass Transit (10 Professional Drivers, 10 Senior Management Staff and 10 Junior Staff) and 30 passengers (comprising of 15 passengers from Metro Mass Transit, 5 passengers of OA Transport, 5 passengers of VIP Transport and 5 passengers from VISION Transport). The major findings of the study revealed that Metro Mass Transit offers scheduled trips on intercity and intra city route but does not offer quality transport services as private transport like OA, VIP and VISION does in Accra. The study also found out that passengers prefer private transport more to Metro Mass Transit because the workers have good communication skills as compared to the workers of Metro Mass Transit in Accra, Metro Mass Transit officials have inefficient managerial skills and therefore can’t meet the demands of their customers, Metro Mass Transit have inadequate operation buses, there is frequent breaking of Metro Mass Transit vehicles. The study recommends that the management of Metro Mass Transit should make proper use of Public Private Partnership. This can help in securing more buses to boost their operations. The study also recommends that the management of Metro Mass Transit should work on improving their management practices to enhance performance in other to meet the demand of their customers. Again the management of Metro Mass Transit should ensure that there is frequent maintenance of vehicles to enhance effective operations and also management must also try to maintain an optimum level of providing good communication and effective managerial skills in order to improve its operations. Keywords: Factors, Collapse, Public Sector Organizations, Metro Mass Transport, Ghana.
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Lei, Rongwei, Hufsa Arain, Maryam Obaid, Nivriti Sabhnani y Chandra Mohan. "Ultra-Sensitive and Semi-Quantitative Vertical Flow Assay for the Rapid Detection of Interleukin-6 in Inflammatory Diseases". Biosensors 12, n.º 9 (14 de septiembre de 2022): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12090756.
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The inflammation biomarker Interleukin 6 (IL-6) exhibits a concentration of less than 7 pg/mL in healthy serum but increases 10–100-fold when inflammation occurs. Increased serum IL-6 has been reported in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as well as in life-threatening acute illnesses such as sepsis and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). This work seeks to meet the demand for rapid detection of serum IL-6 both for rapid monitoring of chronic diseases and for triaging patients with acute illnesses. Following the optimization of several types of gold nanoparticles, membrane pore sizes, and buffer systems, an ultra-sensitive vertical flow assay (VFA) was engineered, allowing the detection of recombinant IL-6 in spiked buffer with a limit of detection (LoD) of 10 pg/mL and a reportable range of 10–10,000 pg/mL with a 15-min assay time. The detection of IL-6 in spiked pooled healthy serum exhibited an LoD of 3.2 pg/mL and a reportable range of 10–10,000 pg/mL. The VFA’s stability was demonstrated over 1-day, two-week, four-week, and six-week storage durations at room temperature. The inter-operator CV and intra-operator CV were determined to be 14.3% and 15.2%, respectively. Three reference zones, high, low, and blank, were introduced into the cartridge to facilitate on-site semi-quantitative measurements across a 6-point semi-quantitative range. Finally, the performance of the IL-6 VFA was validated using 20 RA and 20 healthy control (HC) clinical serum samples, using ELISA as the gold standard platform. The ultra-sensitive, rapid IL-6 VFA could potentially be used to triage patients for intensive care, treatment adjustments, or for monitoring disease activity in inflammatory conditions.
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Kuznetsov, V. I. "Results of use of polyacrylamide gel Noltrexsin in patients with different grades of gonarthrosis in outpatient practice". Medical alphabet, n.º 33 (13 de diciembre de 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2021-33-20-29.
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Introduction. Osteoarthritis of the knee joints is the most common joint disease affecting more than 80% of people over 55 years of age. The priority method for the treatment of gonarthrosis is the use of local injection therapy with the introduction of synovial fluid endoprostheses based on hyaluronic acid, included in the Second Step of the ESCEO 2019 algorithm. Viscoelastic polyacrylamide gels for intra-articular administration since 2003 have also shown their high effciency in the symptomatic OA treatment. Since 2018, the new 3rd generation PAAG endoprosthesis of synovial fluid, Noltrexsin, has been actively used.Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of Noltrexsin viscoprosthesis use with oral NSAIDs in patients with grade I-III of gonarthrosis.Materials and methods. 40 patients with gonarthrosis participated in a comparative study of the effcacy and safety of injection therapy Noltrexsin 4.0 ml No. 2 (study group, А) and oral administration of NSAIDs 200 mg per day (comparison group, В). NSAIDs were taken in groups A and B, the duration of therapy in both groups was 1 month. The results were evaluated by standard examination methods, including measuring the range of motion in the joint and scoring of physical signs, tests with walking up the stairs and at a distance, VAS, WOMAC, Lequesne Index.Results. In group А, a more signifcant reduction in pain according to VAS was revealed to 15–20 mm at the grade I–II of gonarthrosis and up to 25–30 mm in the grade III, a decrease in the Lequesne index to 1–2 and 3–4 points, respectively. In group В with a standard therapy, and then on-demand within 6 months, a decrease in VAS was revealed on the 8–9th day, and after 6 months the level of pain at the grade I–II did not exceed 20–25 mm, at the grade 3 it did not decrease below 40–45 mm. The Lequesne Index decreased to 2 points at the grade I–II and to 6–7 points at the grade III. Changes of WOMAC index correlated with VAS.Conclusions. 1. Noltrexsin can be used as a safe endoprosthesis of synovial fluid in the form of local injection therapy in patients with insufficient effect of chondroprotectors and NSAIDs. 2. Noltrexsin is recommended for use at all stages of arthrosis, as well as in comorbid patients.
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Ingabire, Rosine, Julien Nyombayire, Alexandra Hoagland, Vanessa Da Costa, Amelia Mazzei, Lisa Haddad, Rachel Parker et al. "Evaluation of a multi-level intervention to improve post-partum intrauterine device services in Rwanda". Gates Open Research 2 (20 de agosto de 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.12854.1.
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Background. The copper intrauterine device is one of the most safe, effective, and cost-effective methods for preventing unintended pregnancy. It can be used post-partum irrespective of breastfeeding to improve birth spacing and reduce unintended pregnancy and maternal-child mortality. However, this method remains highly underutilized. Methods. We developed a multi-level intervention targeting supply, demand, and sustainability to increase uptake of the post-partum intrauterine device (PPIUD, defined as insertion up to six weeks post-delivery) in Kigali, Rwanda. High-volume hospitals and health centers were selected for implementation of promotions and service delivery. Formative work informed development of a PPIUD promotional flipchart delivered in-clinic (during antenatal care, labor and delivery, or infant vaccination visits) or in the community. Two-day PPIUD didactic counseling, insertion/removal, and follow-up trainings were provided to labor and delivery and family planning nurses followed by a mentored practicum certification process. Stakeholders were involved from intervention development through dissemination of results. Results. Two hospitals (and their two associated health centers) and two health centers were selected. In the 6-months prior to our intervention, only one nurse and one midwife from each hospital were providing PPIUD services, and just 46 PPIUDs had been placed at the selected health facilities. From August 2017-July 2018, we trained 83 promotional agents and 39 providers to provide PPIUD services. N=9,073 women received PPIUD promotions who later delivered at a selected health facility, and of those n=2,633 had PPIUDs inserted (29% uptake). Most PPIUDs (60%) were inserted within 10 minutes of delivery of the placenta, with an additional 13% intra-cesarean, 17% between 10 minutes and 48 hours after delivery, and 8% between 4 and 6 weeks after delivery. Conclusions. This successful, comprehensive intervention has the potential to make a significant impact on PPIUD uptake in Rwanda. The intervention is scalable and adaptable to other sub-Saharan African countries.
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Palani Velu, Lavanniya Kumar, Vishnuvardhan Chandrabalan, Ross Carter, Colin McKay, Nigel B. Jamieson y Euan Dickson. "Enhanced recovery after surgery protocols as a management strategy following major pancreatic surgery." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, n.º 3_suppl (20 de enero de 2015): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.3_suppl.396.
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396 Background: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown to have positive effects on lengths of stay (LOHS) and resource utilisation without a rise in readmission and post-operative morbidity rates in colorectal, hepatic and oesophago-gastric surgery. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an ERAS protocol on postoperative morbidity and readmission rates following pancreatic surgery in a tertiary referral centre. Methods: The perioperative care of patients undergoing pancreatic surgery was guided by a locally developed ERAS protocol incorporating pre-operative counselling and carbohydrate loading. Intra-thecal opiate and Patient Controlled Analgesia devices were utilised for postoperative analgesia. Supplemental intravenous fluid prescription was protocolised. Oral intake was restarted from post-operative day (PoD) 1 and escalated on an on-demand basis. Patients were mobilised from PoD 1 and escalated daily. Drain removal and step down care decisions were guided by serum markers and clinical progress. Results: 212 consecutive patients from 2010 to 2014 were included (conventional, N = 108, ERAS protocol, N = 104). 134 (63.2%) patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy, 41 (19.3%) patients underwent distal pancreatectomy, 11 (5.2%) patients underwent total pancreatectomy and the rest underwent palliative bypass or other procedures. There was a statistically significant reduction in the volume of supplemental intravenous fluids received with no significant renal impairment noted. Median LOHS was reduced to 10 days (Inter-quartile range [IQR] 7 – 19) from 16 days (IQR 12 – 26) (P < 0.001). Median critical care stay was reduced from 7 days (IQR 5 – 10) to 6 (IQR 4 -7) (P = 0.020). There was a statistically significant reduction in clinically significant wound complications (P = 0.019). There were no statistically significant increases in readmission rates, pancreas-specific or other generic post-operative morbidity rates. Conclusions: ERAS protocols are a viable peri-operative management strategy after major pancreatic surgery, and data suggests that LOHS can be reduced without an associated increase in readmission or post-operative morbidity rates.
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Zhou, Suyang, Di He, Zhiyang Zhang, Zhi Wu, Wei Gu, Junjie Li, Zhe Li y Gaoxiang Wu. "A Data-Driven Scheduling Approach for Hydrogen Penetrated Energy System Using LSTM Network". Sustainability 11, n.º 23 (29 de noviembre de 2019): 6784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236784.
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Intra-day control and scheduling of energy systems require high-speed computation and strong robustness. Conventional mathematical driven approaches usually require high computation resources and have difficulty handling system uncertainties. This paper proposes two data-driven scheduling approaches for hydrogen penetrated energy system (HPES) operational scheduling. The two data-driven approaches learn the historical optimization results calculated out using the mixed integer linear programing (MILP) and conditional value at risk (CVaR), respectively. The intra-day rolling optimization mechanism is introduced to evaluate the proposed data-driven scheduling approaches, MILP data-driven approach and CVaR data-driven approach, along with the forecasted renewable generation and load demands. Results show that the two data-driven approaches have lower intra-day operational costs compared with the MILP based method by 1.17% and 0.93%. In addition, the combined cooling and heating plant (CCHP) has a lower frequency of changing the operational states and power output when using the MILP data-driven approach compared with the mathematical driven approaches.
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Karri, R., C. Grewal y N. Yassin. "P191 Robotic Surgery shows significant promise in delivering superior outcomes for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease". Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 17, Supplement_1 (30 de enero de 2023): i345—i346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac190.0321.
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Abstract Background Robotic surgery is a relatively novel surgical advancement in minimally invasive surgery for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). The pathophysiology of the disease inherently makes these surgeries more complex with high complication rates. This study aimed to the evaluate the efficacy of robotic procedures for such patients and compare the short-term outcomes with laparoscopic surgery in patients with IBD. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all patients who underwent robotic and laparoscopic surgery for IBD between November 2018 and April 2022 at a single institution. Demographics, peri-operative, intra-operative and post-operative data were analysed. Results 24 robotic cases were performed in the time period (75% Crohn’s) whilst 18 cases were performed laparoscopically (39% Crohn’s). Majority of the robotic patients had a Right Hemicolectomy (63%) with stoma formations in 38% of the procedures. 44% of the laparoscopic patients had a Total Colectomy and 39% had a Right Hemicolectomy with 78% of them having stomas. There was no significant difference in the patients age or BMI with a median age of 30 and BMI of 24.1 in the laparoscopic surgeries and a median age of 36 and BMI of 24.8 in the robotic group. The median operative time for the laparoscopic procedures was longer with 250 minutes versus 220 minutes in the robotic patients. The length of hospital stay for the patients was also greater for laparoscopic patients with a median of 9 compared to 6 days for robotic patients. 3 patients necessitated return to the ward within 30 days after laparoscopic surgery (17%) compared to only one robotic case (4%). However, 2 patients had a Clavin Dindo Grade 3 complication after robotic surgery compared to one in the laparoscopic set. In both sets of patients, one patient required surgery within 30 days: the robotic patient requiring laparotomy for adhesion-lysis and the laparoscopic patient for wound closure post wound dehiscence. Zero cases across all the patients necessitated conversion to open surgery and the mortality rate was 0%. Conclusion The results of this single centre study provide further support to studies demonstrating the feasibility and efficacy of robotic surgery in IBD patients. Patients operated robotically had a comparable safety profile with a similar complication rate whilst having whilst having shorter operating times and shorter length of hospital stay. Length of stay in hospital is a surrogate marker for early recovery post-surgery and carries significant benefit in the modern-day demand for hospital bed spaces. Therefore, robotic surgery offers a potentially superior alternative in minimally invasive surgery.
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Wang, Jiarui, Dexin Li, Xiangyu Lv, Xiangdong Meng, Jiajun Zhang, Tengfei Ma, Wei Pei y Hao Xiao. "Two-Stage Energy Management Strategies of Sustainable Wind-PV-Hydrogen-Storage Microgrid Based on Receding Horizon Optimization". Energies 15, n.º 8 (14 de abril de 2022): 2861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082861.
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Hydrogen and renewable electricity-based microgrid is considered to be a promising way to reduce carbon emissions, promote the consumption of renewable energies and improve the sustainability of the energy system. In view of the fact that the existing day-ahead optimal operation model ignores the uncertainties and fluctuations of renewable energies and loads, a two-stage energy management model is proposed for the sustainable wind-PV-hydrogen-storage microgrid based on receding horizon optimization to eliminate the adverse effects of their uncertainties and fluctuations. In the first stage, the day-ahead optimization is performed based on the predicted outpower of WT and PV, the predicted demands of power and hydrogen loads. In the second stage, the intra-day optimization is performed based on the actual data to trace the day-ahead operation schemes. Since the intra-day optimization can update the operation scheme based on the latest data of renewable energies and loads, the proposed two-stage management model is effective in eliminating the uncertain factors and maintaining the stability of the whole system. Simulations show that the proposed two-stage energy management model is robust and effective in coordinating the operation of the wind-PV-hydrogen-storage microgrid and eliminating the uncertainties and fluctuations of WT, PV and loads. In addition, the battery storage can reduce the operation cost, alleviate the fluctuations of the exchanged power with the power grid and improve the performance of the energy management model.
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Krišāns, Oskars, Līga Puriņa, Dāvis Mesters, Rolands Kāpostiņš, Juris Rieksts-Riekstiņš y Āris Jansons. "Intra-annual radial growth of European beech – a case study in north easternmost stand in Europe". Forestry Studies 65, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fsmu-2016-0010.
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Abstract Fagus sylvatica L. is one of the most important commercial tree species in Europe and its natural distribution range is expected to shift northwards due to climatic changes. Detailed information of factors affecting its growth is crucial as a basis for recommendations of wider use of this tree species. Aim of the study was to characterize the changes of radial growth intensity of European beech during a vegetation season. In mature beech stand in northwest Latvia two sample trees (dominant (DT) and suppressed (ST)) were selected in Hylocomiosa forest type. Continuous measurements of changes of stem diameter and xylem sap fl ow as well as meteorological parameters were carried out. Stem cycle approach was applied to distinguish the duration of contraction, expansion and increment of the stem. Onset and cessation of growth of the ST tree was observed several days later compared with DT and mean growth intensity during the entire observation period was considerably lower (0.014 mm/day-1 for ST and 0.022 mm/day-1 for DT, respectively). Most intensive growth increment diurnally was observed in the early morning before sunrise, and seasonally till beginning of July. Positive effect of precipitation and low water pressure deficit (VPD) on growth was observed, while high VPD coincided with stem contraction. Results indicate the sensitivity of radial growth of European beech to water deficit and high atmospheric transpirational demand; therefore, future potential of cultivation of beech in Latvia depends on changes in moisture regime.
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Conceição, Maria Eduarda Bastos Andrade Moutinho da, Renata Sitta Gomes Mariano, Roberta Martins Crivelaro, Felipe Faria Pereira da Câmara Barros, Marco Augusto Machado da Silva, Paola Castro de Moraes, Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira y Luis Gustavo Gosuen Gonçalves Di. "Description and Executability of a Novel Pre-tied Mini Ligature (Miniloop) in Laparocopic Ovariectomy in Cats". Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45, n.º 1 (4 de octubre de 2017): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80638.
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Background: Ovariectomy(OVE) and ovariohysterectomy (OVH) are the most performed surgical procedures in Veterinary Medicine. In videosurgery, both in stray animals at sterilization campaigns and in the increasing demand of tutors to perform the technique. Laparoscopy results in reduced tissue damage, due to minimal organ manipulation and surgical access hemostasis can be performed by several methods, such as electro-coagulation, clips, and intra and extracorporeal ligatures. A pre-tied ligature system, or endoloop, is a haemostatic technique comprised of a slipknot and knot pusher, which is inserted into the abdominal cavity through one of the laparoscopic ports. The aim of this study was to describe a novel OVE technique in cats, in which haemostasis was performed using miniloop, aimed at reducing the number of ports needed for knot tying.Material, Methods & Results: Ten healthy not spayed female cats, aged 6 months to 5 years, were selected for this study. They were submitted to an OVE using miniloop as haemostasis method. Access to the peritoneal cavity was through two 5 mm ports on the midline of the ventral abdomen, 5 cm apart, with one immediately caudal to the umbilical scar and the other in between the last pair of teats. The first trocar was inserted at the caudal incision using the Hasson technique and a 5 mm zero-degree optics attached to a camera was introduced through it. The placement of the second access port was video assisted. For ovary exposure, the patients were positioned in lateral recumbency on the contralateral side to the ovary being removed. The miniloop was composed of a 2 mm diameter minitrocar, a 1.8 mm knot pusher, and a pre-tied slipknot. It was introduced percutaneously at the lateral abdominal wall. It was inserted attached to a pre-tied loop ligature. A Babcock forceps was used to guide the slipknot until it enveloped the ovarian vessels and the proximal part of the uterine horn. Subsequently, the knot was tightened with the aid of the knot pusher. A second miniligature was applied. The forceps was removed and a Metzenbaum scissors inserted to cut between the ligatures, releasing the ovary with the nylon ligature but keeping the PDS knot. It was performed at both ovary. Mean (±SD) surgical time was 44.8 min (± 13.4) and varied significantly (P = 0.0006) between animals, with the shortest time being 29 min and the longest 66 min. Positioning of the patients in lateral decubitus allowed for good ovarian exposure, without the need for excessive manipulation of the intestinal loops or other abdominal organs. Rupture of the suture thread was the only trans-operative complication observed and occurred in two animals. A second ligature (miniloop) was needed to ensure haemostasis. One cat showed eventration at the site of the caudal port on the second day post-operative.Discussion: The mean surgical time in the present study was lower than reported by some authors, but longer than anothers. Furthermore, the surgical time from this study is similar to that of other studies in cats in which haemostasis of the OAVC was achieved using bipolar electrocoagulation. Surgical team expertise is of outmost importance in minimizing complications and overcoming problems during videosurgical procedures in order to reduce surgical time, such as gas leakage, extensive incision, and difficulty in manipulating surgical instruments.
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Brand, Brigitte, Ralph A. Gruppo, Tung T. Wynn, Laimonas Griskevicius, Maria Fernanda Lopez Fernandez, Thomas Dvorak, Lisa Patrone y Brigitt E. Abbuehl. "Perioperative Efficacy of an Extended Half-Life, Pegylated, Full-Length, Recombinant Factor VIII (BAX 855) in Individual Procedures". Blood 126, n.º 23 (3 de diciembre de 2015): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.2299.2299.
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Abstract BAX 855 is a pegylated full-length recombinant factor VIII (PEG rFVIII) built on rFVIII (ADVATE) with an extended half-life and is intended for prophylaxis and the treatment of bleeding in patients with hemophilia A.1 This phase 3 surgery study is evaluating the efficacy and safety of BAX 855 for the perioperative control of hemostasis. Patients' informed consent and appropriate ethics committee approvals were obtained. Elective procedures were prospectively classified (major or minor) by the investigator/surgeon and major emergency surgeries were excluded. The target trough FVIII levels for major and minor surgeries were to be ≥80% and 30-60%, respectively. Each patient's pharmacokinetic (PK) profile was used to guide the BAX 855 dose and infusion frequency. BAX 855 PK were consistent with previous PK assessments with terminal half-life ranging from 8.81 to 18.06 hours for the 15 patients in this study. In this interim analysis, 15 male previously treated patients (PTPs) ranging from 19 to 52 years of age have undergone 15 procedures in 7 countries. Individual procedure profiles are compiled to evaluate the control of hemostasis for BAX 855. There were 11 major procedures: 6 orthopedic (3 knee replacements, 2 arthroscopic synovectomies, 1 elbow cyst extirpation) and 5 non-orthopedic procedures (3 dental [root canals for 2 teeth, 2 extractions of ≥4 teeth, 1 radicular cyst removal], 1 cardiovascular [mediport placement], 1 abdominal [gastric band insertion]). The 4 minor surgeries comprised 1 synoviorthesis, 1 dental, 1 dermatological and 1 endoscopy (radiosynovectomy) procedure. Efficacy was evaluated by the surgeon or investigator's rating of hemostatic control using 4-point scale which was based on blood loss and by comparing actual blood loss with predicted blood loss which was specified by the surgeon for non-hemophilia patients prior to the procedure. For all procedures, the hemostatic control of BAX 855 was rated "excellent" for the intraoperative (during the procedure), postoperative (24 hours after completion of the procedure), and perioperative (from start of the procedure until discharge or day 14) periods, except for 1 minor dental procedure in which postoperative efficacy was rated "good" and 1 minor procedure in which a postoperative rating was not provided (for both of these procedures intra- and perioperative ratings were "excellent"). Actual blood loss (ABL) for the intraoperative and postoperative periods were compared with predicted average and maximum values. Intraoperative ABL for all minor and major procedures was less than or equal to predicted averages and maximums, except for 1 minor procedure in which the ABL was greater than the predicted average and maximum and 1 major procedure which did not have ABL recorded. Postoperative ABL was less than or equal to predicted averages and maximums for 4/4 minor procedures and 5 major procedures. For 4 major procedures, postoperative ABL was greater than or equal to predicted average, but less than predicted maximums. For the remaining major procedure (synovectomy with general anesthesia) with reported ABL, postoperative ABL was greater than the predicted the average and maximum - the efficacy assessments at all periods for this procedure were considered "excellent". These results demonstrate the efficacy of BAX 855 for the perioperative control of hemostasis in patients with severe hemophilia A. 1 Konkle BA, Stasyshyn O, Chowdary P et al. Pegylated, full-length, recombinant factor VIII for prophylactic and on-demand treatment of severe hemophilia A. Blood. 2015; Link to Publisher's site: http://www.bloodjournal.org/content/bloodjournal/early/2015/07/08/blood-2015-03-630897.full.pdf Disclosures Brand: CSL Behring: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Bayer: Consultancy; Baxalta: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy; Biotest: Consultancy. Gruppo:Baxalta: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novo Nordisk: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy; Alexion: Speakers Bureau. Wynn:Baxalta: Research Funding. Griskevicius:Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Baxalta: Research Funding. Fernanda Lopez Fernandez:Baxalta: Research Funding. Dvorak:Baxalta: Employment, Equity Ownership. Patrone:Baxalta: Employment, Equity Ownership. Abbuehl:Baxalta: Employment, Equity Ownership.