Tesis: "Intervention humaine"

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Montero, Julian Félix Alejandro. "L' interleukine-6 et son récepteur en pathologie humaine : applications diagnostiques et intervention thérapeutique". Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22027.

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Le travail presente dans cette these porte sur l'interleukine-6 et son recepteur. Nous avons caracterise sur le plan structural et fonctionnel des anticorps monoclonaux anti-il-6. Nous avons identifie un anticorps anti-il-6 capable d'inhiber l'activite biologique de l'il-6 sans empecher la liaison de l'il-6 a la chaine alpha du recepteur. A partir de cette observation nous avons developpe un schema reactionnel original fonde sur l'interaction entre le recepteur et son ligand. Selon ce schema reactionnel nous pouvons doser selectivement la fraction biologiquement active du recepteur soluble circulant. Ce dosage est un puissant outil pour la caracterisation des molecules antagonistes de l'il-6, qui nous a permis d'analyser une collection de mutants ponctuels de la chaine alpha du recepteur de l'il-6. Nous avons identifie un motif present sur les deux domaines du ril-6, forme par les acides amines ssfy, comme etant les acides amines responsables d'une part, de l'interaction avec l'il-6 et, d'autre part, de l'interaction de l'il-6 et du ril-6 avec la gp130. Le deuxieme aspect de ce travail a ete l'etude de l'implication de la gp130 soluble circulante dans la melanome metastatique. Nous avons demontre que la gp130 soluble a un effet negatif in vivo sur l'activite de l'il-6 dans l'induction de la proteine c reactive, elle est produite par les lignees de melanome et est une antagoniste de l'effet antiproliferative de l'il-6 et de l'oncostatine-m, ceci sur les cellules de melanome de tumeurs primaires. La caracterisation biochimique de la gp130 soluble plasmatique, et produite par les cellules de melanome a montre qu'elle est dimerique et fortement glycosylee. Enfin, nous avons aborde l'aspect therapeutique anti-il-6 par une etude pharmacocinetique de l'il-6 en presence d'anticorps monoclonaux anti-il-6. L'injection simultane de 3 anticorps monoclonaux anti-il-6 reconnaissant trois epitopes distincts de la cytokine se traduit dans une elimination rapide de la cytokine par les cellules du systeme reticulo-endothelial du foie

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2

Lapointe, Annie. "Ménopause, obésité et profil de risque métabolique : effets d'une intervention nutritionnelle visant l'augmentation de la consommation de fruits et de légumes". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26958/26958.pdf.

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3

Guillaumie, Laurence. "Développement, implantation et évaluation d'une intervention de promotion de la consommation de fruits et de légumes dans la population adulte française". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27590/27590_1.pdf.

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4

Deuring, Silvia. "Rechtliche Herausforderungen moderner Verfahren der Intervention in die menschliche Keimbahn : ein deutsch-französischer Rechtsvergleich zum Einsatz von CRISPR/Cas9 und hiPS-Zellen sowie zum Mitochondrientransfer". Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D012.

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La découverte de nouveaux procédés biotechnologiques remet en question la capacité de la loi de fournir une protection suffisante de l'être humain dès le commencement de sa vie. Ces nouvelles méthodes, comme la méthode CRISPR/Cas9, également connue sous le nom de « genome editing », le don de mitochondries et, finalement, la création de cellules souches pluripotentes induites humaines (cellules hiPS) permettent de manipuler et d'influencer de manière fondamentale la constitution génétique de la progéniture et des générations futures. En vue de ces développements, cette thèse vise à élaborer un projet de loi adressé au législateur allemand en prenant compte de deux aspects : d'un côté, sur la base d'une analyse comparative du droit allemand et français, il s'agit d'optimiser la législation allemande actuelle en identifiant des avantages éventuels de l'approche réglementaire en France. De l'autre côté, en admettant que les techniques en question pourront être appliquées un jour avec des risques gérables, il est examiné sur la base d'une étude de droit constitutionnel allemand si une telle application future pourrait en principe être justifiée, le résultat de cette étude étant également concrétisé sous forme d'une proposition de loi
The discovery of new biotechnological processes calls into question the ability of the law to provide sufficient protection for human beings from the beginning of their lite. These new methods, such as the CRISPR/Cas9 method -also known as "genome editing" -mitochondrial donation, and the creation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPS cells), make it possible to manipulate and influence in a fundamental way the genetic make-up of one's offspring and future generations. This thesis aims to prepare a draft law addressed to the German legislature. ln so doing, it takes into account two aspects : on the one hand, it aims to optimise, on the basis of a comparative analysis of German and French law, current German legislation by identifying possible advantages of the regulatory approach in France. On the other hand – assuming that the techniques in question can one day be applied with controllable risks – it examines, on the basis of an analysis of German constitutional law, whether such a future application could, in principle, be justified and implements these considerations by drafting a legislative proposal

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Boucher, Danielle. "Développement, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'une intervention ciblée visant à promouvoir la consommation de légumes et de fruits chez des collégiens au Québec". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30033/30033.pdf.

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Conçue dans une perspective de promotion de la santé, la recherche à la base de cette thèse porte sur le développement, la mise en œuvre et l’évaluation d’une intervention visant la promotion de la consommation quotidienne d’au moins cinq portions de légumes et de fruits, menée auprès de jeunes adultes québécois aux études collégiales. Dans une première étape, avec la théorie du comportement planifié, des déterminants de l’intention de consommer au moins cinq portions de légumes et de fruits chaque jour ont été identifiés chez 385 participants. L’analyse de régression hiérarchique fait ressortir que la perception du contrôle, l’importance perçue des facilitateurs et des barrières et l’attitude expliquent 75 % de la variance de l’intention. L’ajout de trois variables (régularité perçue, comportement passé, norme descriptive) explique un autre 4 %. Des analyses de régression logistique ont permis d’identifier les croyances pertinentes à utiliser pour définir le contenu de l’intervention éducative. La seconde étape consistait à développer une intervention basée sur ces déterminants, et à la mettre en œuvre au cours d’un semestre scolaire auprès d’un groupe expérimental (n = 167). Le cadre de planification de Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok & Gottlieb (2006) a servi de guide. En troisième, un devis quasi expérimental prétest postest avec groupe contrôle a permis d’évaluer l’effet de cette intervention (n = 344). Les résultats à l’analyse de régression logistique montrent une augmentation significative de 15 % quant au nombre de participants exposés à l’intervention qui atteignent l’objectif de consommation, comparée à ceux du groupe contrôle. Les résultats à l’analyse de covariance révèle un effet significatif (p<0,05) de l’intervention sur chacun des déterminants psychosociaux. L’effet observé peut être attribuable au changement dans les construits ciblés, selon les analyses de médiation. La régularité perçue de la consommation constitue un médiateur entre l’intention et le comportement au postest. En conclusion, l’intervention structurée selon ce modèle s’est avérée efficace pour accroître le nombre de participants à atteindre l’objectif de consommation ainsi que pour observer un changement significatif dans les déterminants qui y sont associés. Cette démarche pourrait guider les interventions futures dans ce domaine auprès de collégiens québécois.
The background for this project is the promotion of health. It aims at the development, implementation and evaluation of an intervention promoting the daily consumption of at least five servings of vegetables and fruits, by college students. The first step consisted in the identification of the determinants of the intention to consume at least five daily servings of vegetables and fruits, during three months, for 385 students from two Québec CEGEP establishments. The framework for this study was Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (1991), three constructs from other theoretical models being included. Within a correlation device, a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 75 % of the variance pertaining to intention was explained by the following factors: perception of control, perceived importance of facilitators and barriers, and attitude. Another 4 % of the variance for intention was accounted for by added variables. Logistic regression analyses allowed the identification of the beliefs that could be used to structure the educational intervention. The second step was the development and implementation of an intervention based on the identified determinants, with an experimental group during one school semester. Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok & Gottlieb’s (2006) intervention mapping protocol, comprising six steps, was the procedure followed. Finally, a quasi experimental pretest postest device was used in evaluating the effects of this intervention (n = 344). The results obtained through a logistic regression analysis showed a significant 15 % increase in the number of participants exposed to the intervention reaching the prescribed goal of a daily consumption of vegetables and fruits, compared those in the control group (p=0.0219). A covariance analysis reveals a significant effect (p< 0.05) of the intervention on all of the psychosocial variables. Mediation analyses reveal that the effects observed can be attributed to the selected constructs. To conclude, the implementation of an intervention structured according to this model has resulted in the increase of the number of participants reaching the daily consumption goal of fruits and vegetables. A significant change in the determinants associated with the consumption behaviour was also observed. Future interventions with Québec college students on this behavior could successfully follow this procedure.

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Kellou, Nadir. "Promotion de l'activité physique et prévention de l'excès de poids chez l'adolescent par une approche socioécologique : résultats à distance de l'intervention de l'étude ICAPS". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10198.

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Promouvoir l'activité physique durablement à l'adolescence est un enjeu majeur de santé publique. À ce jour, les programmes susceptibles d'être efficients restent discutés. ICAPS, une étude randomisée de quatre ans, a montré l'intérêt d'une approche socioécologique pour promouvoir l'activité physique, limiter la sédentarité et prévenir le surpoids chez l'adolescent. Cependant, le maintien à long terme, l'équité et les mécanismes expliquant l'efficacité de cette intervention restaient à démontrer. Dans ce travail, nous avons montré que les effets d'ICAPS se maintenaient à distance de l'intervention de manière équitable. Les effets étaient similaires quels que soient le genre et le poids initial et tendaient à être plus élevés chez les adolescents les moins socialement favorisés, les plus sédentaires et ne bénéficiant pas de support parental à la pratique d'activité physique. Grâce à l'utilisation de modèles d'équations structurelles, nous avons pu démontrer que l'efficacité de l'intervention reposait bien sur les mécanismes envisagés dans le modèle théorique initial. Les déterminants personnels (perception de l'activité, norme sociale, sentiment d'accomplissement personnel et intention de pratiquer), le support social et l'offre d'activité ont été identifiés comme des médiateurs significatifs. Nous avons de plus montré que le programme avait favorisé des interactions synergiques entre ces facteurs. Autrement dit, grâce à son action sur le support social et l'environnement, ICAPS a permis aux adolescents de mettre en pratique les compétences acquises grâce aux actions ciblant l'individu, renforçant l'efficacité de l'intervention et son maintien à long terme
Promoting long term physical activity practice during adolescence is one of the public health priorities. Nowadays, the question about the program’s efficiency aiming at reaching this objective is still on course. ICAPS, a four year randomized controlled trial, highlighted the benefits of a socioecological approach in the physical activity promotion and the sedentary behavior and overweight preventions in adolescence. However, the sustainability, the equity and the understanding efficacy mechanisms of such a program have still not been studied. In this report, long term effects of the ICAPS program have been established as its efficient equity. ICAPS effects were similar whatever the adolescent’s gender and initial weight status and were stronger among the adolescent’s from a low socioeconomic status, with a higher sedentary behavior and among those considered as having a low parental support towards physical activity practice. Using structural equation modeling, our results confirmed the efficiency mechanisms of the socioecological approach. Individual determinants (physical activity perception, social norm, self efficacy and intention to practice), adolescent’s social support and physical activity offer were identified as significant mediators. Moreover, we have highlighted that the program has promoted synergistic interactions between them. Finally, with its action over the social support and the environment, the ICAPS program allowed the adolescent’s to put into practice the competences they have acquired with the individual centered actions, reinforcing the program efficacy and its long term sustainability

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Hajjami, Nabil. "La responsabilité de protéger". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209567.

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La responsabilité de protéger est un concept issu des travaux de la Commission internationale de l’intervention et de la souveraineté des États (CIISE). Établie en 2000 à l’initiative du CANADA, elle a recherché à dépasser les controverses inhérentes aux débats relatifs au « droit d’intervention humanitaire ». Aux fins d’atteindre cet objectif, la Commission a forgé un nouveau concept, la « responsabilité de protéger », qui permît de concilier, plutôt qu’opposer, les notions de souveraineté et d’intervention.

Depuis lors, la responsabilité de protéger a fait l’objet de vives controverses en droit international. Intégrée dans une résolution de l’Assemblée générale de l’ONU en septembre 2005, appliquée par le Conseil de sécurité lors de la crise en LIBYE de mars 2011, le concept se trouve, aujourd’hui, au centre des débats se rapportant au cadre juridique de la protection des populations civiles.

La présente thèse entend examiner les différentes implications juridiques de la responsabilité de protéger, en optant pour une démarche résolument positiviste. La réflexion proposée tente d’en embrasser les différents aspects, tant conceptuels qu’opérationnels, aux fins d’aboutir à une étude globale, synthétique et actualisée du concept. Partant, une interrogation commandera l’ensemble de notre réflexion: l’émergence de la responsabilité de protéger a-t-elle, en droit international, permis une amélioration de la protection des populations civiles ?
Doctorat en Sciences juridiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Hirschhorn, Damien. "Haïti : une intervention exemplaire ? La Réforme du Secteur de Sécurité en Haïti". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30053/document.

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Cette thèse cherche d'abord à comprendre, en usant de l'exemple Haïtien, si les Réformes du Secteur de Sécurité menées à bien dans le cadre des interventions internationales dans des pays en crise ou en situation de post-conflit, sont efficaces dans l'accomplissement de leurs objectifs et apportent le meilleur soutien d'une manière durable aux Etats hôtes. Finalement, ce document est aussi une base de réflexion pour trouver de nouvelles solutions et pratiques à la mise en oeuvre de Réformes du Secteur de Sécurité
First of all, this thesis aims at understanding, while using the example of Haiti, if Security Sector Reforms carried out within international interventions in crisis or post-conflict countries are effective at accomplishing their objectives and providing the best support for sustainable changes to host States. Finally this document's objective is also to serve as a support in finding new solutions and new practices to successfully achieve Security Sector Reforms

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Boudreault, Amélie. "Étude comparative de l'efficacité d'un système automatisé d'assistance versus une intervention humaine pour la réalisation d'une activité de la vie quotidienne chez les traumatisés craniocérébraux : exploration des liens avec le profil cognitif". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66881.

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Le traumatisme craniocérébral (TCC) est une condition médicale sérieuse qui découle des suites d’un accident et entraîne son lot de complications dans différentes sphères de fonctionnement, bouleversant entre autres la dynamique familiale en inversant les rôles de chacun. Les personnes vivant avec les séquelles (tant physiques que neuropsychologiques) d’un TCC sont de plus en plus nombreuses en raison des avancées médicales et de la rapidité avec laquelle on dispense désormais les soins préhospitaliers d’urgence. De ce fait, bon nombre de victimes, souvent de jeunes adultes, nécessitent de l’assistance pour des tâches courantes et ce, sur une base quotidienne (Lefebvre et al., 2005). En raison des atteintes neuropsychologiques conséquentes à un traumatisme modéré ou sévère, cuisiner de façon autonome représente une activité de la vie quotidienne pouvant s’avérer difficile pour des personnes ayant subi un traumatisme craniocérébral. L’objectif de ce projet était de comparer le taux d’efficacité d’une assistance technologique, en l’occurrence une cuisinière intelligente, avec celle d’une intervention humaine dans un contexte de réalisation d’une tâche de cuisine. Le protocole de recherche impliquait la réalisation d’une recette à deux reprises, soit une fois avec chaque mode d’assistance. Au total, cinq participants âgés entre 34 et 70 ans ont complété les expérimentations et ont démontré de l’ouverture en regard de cette technologie. Les résultats ont démontré que le prototype de cuisinière intelligente utilisé pour réaliser cette étude était bel et bien en mesure de fournir l’assistance nécessaire aux personnes TCC et ce, peu importe leur profil cognitif. Cette recherche a permis de constater l’efficacité de l’outil technologique, bien que d’autres recherches seront nécessaires dans le futur afin de fournir une cuisinière qui soit sécuritaire et fiable à d’autres populations présentant diverses atteintes cognitives.

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Sallah, Kankoe. "Diffusion spatio-temporelle des épidémies : approche comparée des modélisations mathématiques et biostatistiques, cibles d'intervention et mobilité humaine". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0607.

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Dans la première partie de cette thèse, nous avons mis en place un métamodèle de transmission du paludisme basé sur la modélisation compartimentale susceptible-infecté-résistant (SIR) et prenant en compte les flux de mobilité humaine entre différents villages du Centre Sénégal. Les stratégies d’intervention géographiquement ciblées, s’étaient avérées efficaces pour réduire l’incidence du paludisme aussi bien dans les zones d’intervention qu’à l’extérieur de ces zones. Cependant, des actions combinées ciblant à la fois le vecteur et l’hôte, coordonnées à large échelle sont nécessaires dans les régions et pays visant l’élimination du paludisme à court/moyen terme.Dans la deuxième partie nous avons évalué différentes méthodes d’estimation de la mobilité humaine en l’absence de données individuelles. Ces méthodes incluaient la traçabilité spatio-temporelle des téléphones mobiles ainsi que les modèles mathématiques de gravité et de radiation. Le transport de l’agent pathogène dans l’espace géographique, par la mobilité d’un sujet infecté est un déterminant majeur de la vitesse de propagation d’une épidémie. Nous avons introduit le modèle d’impédance qui minimise l’erreur quadratique moyen sur les estimations de mobilité, en particulier dans les contextes où les ensembles de population sont caractérisés par leurs tailles hétérogènes.Nous avons enfin élargi le cadre des hypothèses sous-jacentes à la calibration des modèles de gravité de la mobilité humaine. L’hypothèse d’une distribution avec excès de zéros a fourni un meilleur ajustement et une meilleure prédictibilité, comparée aux hypothèses classiques n’assumant pas un excès de zéros : Poisson, Quasipoisson
In the first part of this thesis, we have developed a malaria transmission metamodel based on the susceptible-infected-resistant compartmental modeling framework (SIR) and taking into consideration human mobility flows between different villages in the Center of Senegal. Geographically targeted intervention strategies had been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of malaria both within and outside of intervention areas. However, combined interventions targeting both vector and host, coordinated on a large scale are needed in regions and countries aiming to achieve malaria elimination in the short/medium term.In the second part we have evaluated different methods of estimating human mobility in the absence of real data. These methods included spatio-temporal traceability of mobile phones, mathematical models of gravity and radiation. The transport of the pathogen through the geographical space via the mobility of an infected subject is a major determinant of the spread of an epidemic. We introduced the impedance model that minimized the mean square error on mobility estimates, especially in contexts where population sets are characterized by their heterogeneous sizes.Finally, we have expanded the framework of assumptions underlying the calibration of the gravity models of human mobility. The hypothesis of a zero inflated distribution provided a better fit and a better predictability, compared to the classical approach not assuming an excess of zeros: Poisson, Quasipoisson

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Fahandej-Saadi, Ardavan. "L’interaction entre la souveraineté des Etats et les droits de la personne humaine : vers la responsabilité de protéger". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100199.

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A travers de la cristallisation du droit d’ingérence et la responsabilité de protéger la Communauté internationale tente de combler l'écart entre la moralité et la légalité de l’ingérence à des fins de protection de droits humains. Car l’ingérence à des fins de protection humaine, depuis de la fin de la guerre froide, a trouvé une base juridique coutumière et ne correspond plus à un acte exceptionnel susceptible de se justifier dans certaines hypothèses. Dans cette démarche, en cas d’échec du Conseil de sécurité à la mise en œuvre d’une ingérence militaire, les organisations régionales pourraient sans autorisation « préalable » et « précise » du Conseil de sécurité, engager une ingérence armée. L’étude de la valeur juridique de l’ONU et les pratiques depuis de la fin de la guerre froide, permet de constater que si le droit d’ingérence et la responsabilité de protéger n’ont pas encore trouvé un fondement « direct » dans les conventions internationales, ils peuvent cependant trouver un socle juridique dans la coutume internationale. En effet, l’analyse de la valeur des résolutions de l’ONU et des éléments coutumiers du droit d’ingérence et de la responsabilité de protéger montrent comment les résolutions 43/131 et 45/100 de l’Assemblée générale ont inauguré le processus du droit d’ingérence et la responsabilité de protéger. Et depuis les années 1990, la pratique du Conseil de sécurité, illustrée par un nombre important de résolutions ayant donné lieu à la mise en œuvre d’opérations tout aussi nombreuses, ainsi que la pratique des Etats et les organisations régionales donnent un corps juridique à l’ingérence à des fins de protection humaine et ne laissent aucun doute sur la nature juridique de celle-ci
Through crystallization of the right and responsibility to intervene to protect the international community tries to bridge the gap between morality and legality of the interference for the protection of human rights. As interference in human protection purposes, since the end of the Cold War, found a legal basis for customary and does not correspond to an exceptional act may be justified in certain circumstances. With this approach, in case of failure of the Security Council in the implementation of military interference, regional organizations could without authorization "prior" and "precise" Security Council, commit armed interference. The study of the legal status of the UN and practices since the end of the Cold War, shows that if the right of intervention and the responsibility to protect has not yet found a foundation "live" in international conventions, however, they can find a legal basis in customary international law. Indeed, analysis of the value of UN resolutions and customary law elements of interference and the responsibility to protect demonstrate how resolutions 43/131 and 45/100 of the General Assembly inaugurated the process the right of intervention and the responsibility to protect. And since the 1990s, the practice of the Security Council, illustrated by a large number of resolutions that led to the implementation of operations just as many, and the practice of States and regional organizations to provide a legal body interference for human protection and leave no doubt about the legal nature of the latter

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Sastourne-Gastou, Christophe. "Impacts de la normalisation du management des ressources humaines sur la création de valeur organisationnelle : cas d'une recherche-intervention au sein d'une PMI". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30047.

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La thèse réalisée est conduite sous la forme d’une recherche-intervention effectuée dans le cadre d’une Convention Industrielle de Formation par la Recherche (CIFRE), établit entre une PMI spécialisée dans la fabrication de produits en aluminium et le laboratoire CORHIS. La thèse étudie les normes internationales de management RH des séries ISO 9000 (management de la qualité) et ISO 30400 (gestion des ressources humaines), avec un focus particulier sur ces dernières qui sont les premières normes internationales dans le domaine de la GRH. Nous cherchons à déterminer en quoi la normalisation du management RH contribue à la création de valeur organisationnelle et au développement du potentiel humain et, in fine, à la performance socio-économique. Notre recherche est centrée sur la théorie socio-économique des organisations (Savall et Zardet, 2010). A partir de la mobilisation des fondements théoriques, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que la normalisation du management des RH contribuait à la création de valeur organisationnelle et au développement du potentiel humain. A la suite de l’analyse des résultats de nature qualitative, quantitative et financière dans une perspective qualimétrique, nous avons souligné que la normalisation du management des RH contribuait au renforcement des pratiques managériales, à la maîtrise des processus et des activités et à la création de valeur organisationnelle, bien que la norme génère de la lourdeur et des contraintes qui peuvent être source de coûts cachés. Enfin, nous avons souligné que la démarche normative de GRH contribuait au développement du potentiel humain et à la transformation de la fonction RH
The thesis is conducted in the form of an intervention research carried out within the framework of an Industrial Research Training Agreement (CIFRE), established between a SME specializing in the manufacture of aluminum products and the CORHIS laboratory. The thesis examines the international HR management standards of the ISO 9000 series (quality management) and ISO 30400 series (human resources management), with a particular focus on the latter, which are the first international standards in the field of HRM. We seek to determine how the standardization of HR management contributes to the creation of organizational value and the development of human potential and, ultimately, to socio-economic performance. Our research focuses on the socio-economic theory of organizations (Savall and Zardet, 2010). From the mobilization of theoretical foundations, we hypothesized that the standardization of HR management contributed to the creation of organizational value and the development of human potential. Following the analysis of qualitative, quantitative and financial results from a qualimetric perspective, we emphasized that the standardization of HR management contributes to the reinforcement of managerial practices, the control of processes and activities, and the creation of organizational value, although the norm generates heaviness and constraints that can be a source of hidden costs. Finally, we emphasized that the normative approach of HRM contributes to the development of human potential and the transformation of the HR function

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Oliveira, Ariana Bazzano de. "Segurança humana = avanços e desafios na política internacional". [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279403.

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Orientador: Shiguenoli Miyamoto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O conceito de Segurança Humana surge na década de 1990 como uma alternativa ao tradicional conceito de segurança centrado no Estado. Para ativistas e intelectuais ligados aos novos debates sobre o conceito, é necessário que as políticas de segurança se centrem nos indivíduos, resguardando os seus direitos, tanto por meio de políticas de desenvolvimento, como pela proteção de possíveis violências físicas. Com base nisto, este trabalho destacará a Segurança humana, especialmente, a proposta feita pelo Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD). O objetivo do texto é apresentar uma análise crítica do conceito de Segurança humana, sua formulação, os seus debates e críticas. Além disso, serão apresentadas duas políticas internacionais se fundamentam no conceito de Segurança humana: o Fundo Fiduciário de Segurança Humana, encabeçado pelo Japão, e a Rede de Segurança Humana, liderada pelo Canadá
Abstract: The concept of human security arises in the 1990s as an alternative to the traditional security concept centered on the state. For activists and intellectuals linked to the new debates on the concept, it is necessary that security policies focus on individuals, protecting their rights, whether it's through development policies or through the protection of possible physical abuse. From this, this work will highlight the human security, especially the proposal of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). The aim of this paper is to present a critical analysis of the concept of human security, its formulation, debates and critics. Besides, there will be presented two international policies that are based on the concept of human security: the Trust Fund for Human Security, chaired by Japan and the Human Security Network, lead by Canada
Mestrado
Relações Internacionais
Mestre em Ciência Política

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14

Ewing, Michelle. "Justifying humanitarian intervention". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26196.

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The time is ripe for a re-examination of the doctrine of humanitarian intervention, and in particular, of its legal basis in international law. This thesis attempts to draw attention to the significance of the decision to justify humanitarian intervention in a certain way, and to some of the implications of that decision.
The thesis compares the two justificatory options which seem to be most appropriate to the multilateralism of the post-Cold War era: collective humanitarian intervention under Chapter VII of the UN Charter and mulitilateral humanitarian intervention under customary international law. It reviews recent state practice, arguing that a mulitilateral right to intervene for the protection of human rights is emerging at custom.
After critically analysing humanitarian intervention's justification under the Charter, the thesis concludes that the better way to justify the doctrine, both in principle and in practice, is under customary law.

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15

Zhang, Haibo. "Oxygen extraction capabilities in low cardiac output and septic shock: possible interventions". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212475.

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16

Hart, P. E. "Human mitochondrial disease : from pathogenesis to therapeutic intervention". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444782/.

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The spectrum of diseases caused by mitochondrial dysfunction is very broad and encompasses the archetypal mtDNA mutation diseases, mutations of nuclear genesencoding mitochondrial proteins (including those of the oxidative phosphorylation system), and a variety predominantly neurodegenerative diseases in which the primary cause of mitochondrial dysfunction remains undefined. The last two decades have seen an explosion in our understanding of the archetypal i mitochondrial disorders. Attention has now focused on the nuclear encoded mitochondrial disorders. Furthermore, nuclear factors may be of significance in the pathogenesis of the archetypal disorders associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations. These conditions are typified by their clinical diversity and poor phenotype-genotype correlation. One of several potential explanations for this is that nuclear genes determine the fate of mtDNA mutations, or that secondary mtDNA mutations have a modulating effect upon the expression of the primary mutation. In this thesis I have sought to address several aspects of the biochemical and clinical features of mitochondrial diseases. In chapter 3 cell cybrids have been used to study the role of the nuclear genome on the biochemical expression of mtDNA mutations in an attempt to understand potential influences on phenotypic expression. An extension of this was the use of xenomitochondrial cybrids to analyse nuclear-mitochondrial interactions and the function of the respiratory chain. At the biochemical/clinical interface, skeletal muscle from patients with focal dystonia has been used as a model to investigate the role that mitochondrial dysfunction might play in this movement disorder. Finally, the clinical role of therapy for mitochondrial disorders has been investigated in the context of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). Existing rating scales have been assessed and new ones developed to lay a firm foundation for evaluating disease-modifying therapies. These have been piloted in a long term intervention trial for FRDA.

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17

Eriksson, Ajanovic Cecilia. "Hur man rättfärdigar intervention i suveräna stater : en studie av FN:s intervention i forna Jugoslavien". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-9798.

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This study examines the theories about intervention and sovereignty in relation to the world of today, with the raising question about humanitarian intervention in a globalized society.The purpose of this paper is to examine if intervention can be justified in a sovereign state and how it can be justified. The expected outcome is that conclusion can be drawn from the specific case with United Nations intervention in Bosnia and Hercegovina, and what kind of motives they putted up to justify their intervention.Because we are still living in the era of the Westphalia system with the inherited thoughts of state sovereignty, but in conflict with the new ideas of globalization and human rights, it’s of big relevance to look at this topic closer.First of all the reader is presented to the theoretical aspects of state, sovereignty and different kinds of intervention, to become more aware of the complications surrounding the relationship between these conceptions.The method used in this study is a motive analysis with the focus on the motives told by United Nation, to be the reason for the intervention in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The empirical results are based on the reports from United Nations Security Council during the years 1991 – 1995.The results are that the intervention in Bosnia and Hercegovina can be justified when looking at the theories in relation to the empirical result, with the FN – charter and the fact of violation against humanitarian law and human rights.One conclusion can easily be drawn, that individual rights are playing a big role in today’s global society and are putting some pressure on the United Nation to look over the rules about humanitarian intervention.

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18

Saberi, Hengameh. "Legality and legitimacy of the use of force to ensure respect for international humanitarian law". Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29572.

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The concept of compliance in international law remains amongst the most significant and, at the same time, the most perplexing of questions. The significance of compliance is highlighted in certain spheres of international law that deal with specific extraordinary circumstances. This is particularly true with respect to international humanitarian law, which is applicable during periods of armed conflict. The importance of ensuring and improving compliance with international humanitarian law is clearly expressed in the opening Article of the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocol I of 1977, in which the High Contracting Parties undertake to both "respect" and "ensure respect" for these instruments. This thesis is derived from a conviction that compliance with international humanitarian norms is more efficiently ensured through implementation, rather than enforcement mechanisms. However, it only ventures a critique of the appropriateness of military intervention as one of the mechanisms most frequently used to enforce humanitarian rules in the past decade of armed conflicts. The hypothesis this thesis postulates is that the recourse to armed force to ensure respect for international humanitarian law is at cross-purposes with the body of these rules. This statement is assessed against the Security Council's military humanitarian intervention in civil conflicts. It is suggested that the validity of the Council's decisions on humanitarian intervention hinges upon two equally determinative criteria: legality and legitimacy. The hypothesis of the thesis questions both the legality and legitimacy of the Security Council's authorized military humanitarian intervention in armed conflicts. The underlying purpose of the thesis is thus to expand the parameters of theoretical discussions about compliance in the context of international humanitarian law from a jurisprudential perspective.

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Zhao, Songnian. "Spontaneous changes of human behaviors and intervention strategies: human and animal diseases". Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35100.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Industrial & Manufacturing Systems Engineering
Chih-Hang Wu
The topic of infectious disease epidemics has recently attracted substantial attentions in research communities and it has been shown that the changes of human behaviors have significant impacts on the dynamics of disease transmission. However, the study and understanding of human reactions into spread of infectious disease are still in the very beginning phase and how human behaviors change during the spread of infectious disease has not been systematically investigated. Moreover, the study of human behaviors includes not only various enforced measures by public authorities such as school closure, quarantine, vaccination, etc, but also the spontaneous self-protective actions which are triggered by risk perception and fear of diseases. Hence, the goal of this research is to study the impacts of human behaviors to the epidemic from these two perspectives: spontaneous behavioral changes and public intervention strategies. For the sake of studying spontaneous changes of human behaviors, this research first time applied evolutionary spatial game into the study of human reactions to the spread of infectious disease. This method integrated contact structures and epidemics information into the individuals’ decision processes, by adding two different types of information into the payoff functions: the local information and global information. The new method would not only advance the field of game theory, but also the field of epidemiology. In addition, this method was also applied to a classic compartmental dynamic system which is a widely used model for studying the disease transmission. With extensive numerical studies, the results first proved the consistency of two models for the sake of validating the effectiveness of the spatial evolutionary game. Then the impacts of changes of human behaviors to the dynamics of disease transmission and how information impacts human behaviors were discussed temporally and spatially. In addition to the spontaneous behavioral changes, the corresponding intervention strategies by policy-makers played the key role in process of mitigating the spread of infectious disease. For the purpose of minimizing the total lost, including the social costs and number of infected individuals, the intervention strategies should be optimized. Sensitivity analysis, stability analysis, bifurcation analysis, and optimal control methods are possible tools to understand the effects of different combination of intervention strategies or even find an appropriate policy to mitigate the disease transmission. One zoonotic disease, named Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis (ZVL), was studied by adopting different methods and assumptions. Particularly, a special case, backward bifurcation, was discussed for the transmission of ZVL. Last but not least, the methodology and modeling framework used in this dissertation can be expanded to other disease situations and intervention applications, and have a broad impact to the research area related to mathematical modeling, epidemiology, decision-making processes, and industrial engineering. The further studies can combine the changes of human behaviors and intervention strategies by policy-makers so as to seek an optimal information dissemination to minimize the social costs and the number of infected individuals. If successful, this research should aid policy-makers by improving communication between them and the public, by directing educational efforts, and by predicting public response to infectious diseases and new risk management strategies (regulations, vaccination, quarantine, etc.).

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Kabau, Tom Maina. "Forceful intervention for human rights protection in Africa: resolving systemic dilemmas in theimplementation of the African Union's right of intervention". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50533988.

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This thesis examines the legal and political dilemmas in the implementation of the African Union’s (AU) ‘right’ of forceful intervention through a systemic method of analysis. It first addresses the question of whether the AU’s intervention system represents a paradigm shift in international law on intervention and the authorization role of the United Nations. It examines whether there is a justifiable basis for the implementation of the AU’s intervention mandate outside the UN system, while taking into account the necessity of the international rule of law. It then analyzes the manner in which the failure to institutionalize the concept of sovereignty as responsibility within the AU system has contributed to the Union’s failure to implement its intervention mandate even within the UN system. The AU’s legal framework expressly grants the Union the mandate to forcefully intervene in a member state in situations of genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. However, the failure of the AU’s legal framework to explicitly require authorization by the Security Council for intervention (as required by the UN Charter) has led to uncertainty on the envisaged implementation mechanism, including allegations of its inconsistency with the UN Charter and international law. The Security Council may, however, be ineffective in granting authorization due to the use of the veto. There is, therefore, the question of whether the AU’s legal framework exemplifies the crystallization of a customary law permitting humanitarian intervention, or is consensual (since African states have agreed by treaty to such intervention) and consequently, Security Council authorization is not mandatory. The core argument of this thesis is that although the necessity for the international rule of law restricts African Union’s forceful interventions to United Nations authorized enforcement action, robust intervention by the Union within that framework is compromised by a systemic failure of institutionalization of the concept of sovereignty as responsibility. This thesis recommends that for robust implementation of the African Union’s intervention mandate within the UN system, alternative authorization from the General Assembly be sought where the Security Council is ineffective. However, implementation of the AU’s intervention mandate within the UN framework is compromised by continued concerns of protecting traditional concepts of unfettered sovereignty. This is evident in non-intervention oriented clauses within the AU’s legal framework (which negate the intervention mandate) and the Union’s practice of opposing forceful interventions like in the case of Libya. Possible solutions to that predicament are examined. A systemic method of analysis is utilized in this thesis since there is an interaction of various legal norms within the AU system, in addition to the system’s interaction with environmental factors such as politics and increasing global interdependence, while it is also subject to the UN and international law systems. The significance of the research is in identifying legal, policy and contextual factors that can transform the AU into an effective regional mechanism for institutionalization of the rule of law within the African region (by deterring gross human rights violations) while safeguarding the values of the international rule of law.
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Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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21

Babatunde, Elkanah Oluwapelumi. "Humanitarian intervention: legality, legitimacy and the search for solutions". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24936.

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Humanitarian intervention refers to the use of force for the protection of human rights in a foreign state and usually against the will of the state in which force is used. The legality of unilateral humanitarian Intervention is a widely contested area in contemporary international law. It is a discussion that cuts across law, morality and foreign policy. Humanitarian intervention brings to the fore the contention between the principles of sovereignty and political independence on one hand and human rights and the principle of common humanity on the other hand. Some scholars contend that humanitarian intervention is a violation of the principles of sovereignty and political independence of states and violates Article 2(4) of the United Nations (UN) Charter. Other scholars have argued that Artcicle 2(4) of the UN Charter does not prohibit the use of force for human rights purposes but rather prohibits use of force which is targeted against a state's political framework or territorial annexation. They argue further that huamn rights constitutes one of the purposes of the UN and it is therefore unthinkable that the UN Charter will prohibit the use of force for such a purpose as human rights. Humanitarian intervention thus stands at the crossroasds of very foundational principle of both customary international law and the UN Charter. In this thesis, I argue that humanitarian intervention is illegal under the UN Charter as it does not fall within the two exceptions to the use of force: self-defence and Security Council sanctioned use of force. However, I go further to argue for the legitimacy of humanitarian intervention based on the principles of common humanity and wider principles of sovereignty. This argument draws from the just war doctrine as postulated by Grotius and other early just war theorists. The need to allow for unilateral intervention is pertinent given the rise in the abuse of power by some governments. Sovereignty should not be an umbrella that shields human rights abuses.

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22

Zavettieri-Mangin, Grazia. "La construction du sens du développement des compétences psychosociales : justifications et usages en promotion de la santé". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0284/document.

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Depuis les travaux de l’Organisation Mondiale de la santé (1946) sur la promotion de la santé, en référence à la Charte d’Ottawa (1986), la notion de compétences psychosociales, définies comme « les capacités d’une personne à répondre avec efficacité aux exigences et aux épreuves de la vie quotidienne», apparaît comme essentielle dans toute démarche éducative liée à la santé. En plus de 30 ans, le champ de la promotion de la santé s’est doté de stratégies, de référentiels, d’outils et de ressources d’intervention visant, notamment, le développement des compétences psychosociales des individus et des groupes. Aujourd’hui, en France, les décideurs de la politique de prévention et d’éducation pour la santé inscrivent l’objectif du développement des compétences psychosociales dans nombre de leurs appels à projets. Mais alors que les réseaux de professionnels en santé se sont emparés de cet objectif pour l’ériger en fer de lance de leurs programmes d’action, la recherche en la matière est peu développée et l’efficacité n’apparaît pas plus confirmée. L’objectif principal de la thèse est d’explorer, par une approche sociologique compréhensive et pragmatique, le sens de l’intervention pour le développement des compétences psychosociales en promotion de la santé. Cette recherche se fonde sur l’analyse des discours portés par les acteurs de la promotion de la santé et sur l’analyse des usages avancés par les intervenants de terrain relevant du champ de l’éducation au sens plus large. Elle vise à mettre au jour les « visions du monde » des différents acteurs. La recherche porte d’abord sur l’étude de l’idéal-type de la promotion de la santé pour en délimiter les périmètres et identifier ceux qui s’y intéressent plus particulièrement. Elle est interrogée dans ses fondements théoriques et ses dimensions éthiques et socio-politiques afin de situer le développement des compétences psychosociales et d’en rendre compréhensibles les finalités. La promotion de la santé est une « cité » (Boltanski) considérée à la fois comme un concept récent et comme un espace de pratiques sociales en construction. Ensuite, ces travaux visent à établir en quoi le développement des compétences psychosociales est une composante de l’approche salutogénique de la « santé pour le développement humain ». En s’appuyant sur l’examen d’autres champs (travail, entreprise, éducation et formation) qui se sont intéressés largement à la problématique de développement des compétences personnelles, sont posées les questions 1/ de la construction conceptuelle de la notion de compétences psychosociales et de leur développement et 2/ du mouvement de politisation qui s’opère au travers de l’acte d’intervenir pour le développement des compétences psychosociales dans les actions de promotion de la santé. L’intervention pour le développement des compétences psychosociales est une action politique (Boltanski) qui engage notre étude au cœur des questions éducatives et des politiques sociales. La construction du concept de compétences psychosociales dans les discours théoriques propres à la promotion de la santé, nourris par les apports des autres champs sociaux, induit des processus de politisation des acteurs (responsabilisation et adaptabilité). La finalité de l’intervention pour le développement des compétences psychosociales en promotion de la santé est assurément le développement humain dans ses dimensions psychologiques (autonomie) et sociales (citoyenneté) mais les exigences impliquent et engagent l’individu dans une conformité admise et acceptée d’autocontrôle de soi (empowerment individuel). Le sens de l’intervention pour le développement des compétences psychosociales est situé dans un intervalle où s’affirme un changement éthique de paradigme au bénéfice d’un mieux-être individuel et social, et dans un espace où la réalisation de soi s’oriente, dans une certaine mesure, vers un bonheur marchandisé dans la sphère économique libérale
Since the work of World Health Organization (1946) on health promotion, summarized into the Ottawa International Charter (1986), the concept of life skills, defined as "person’s abilities to respond effectively to the requirements and tests of everyday life" appears essential part in any educational practice related to health. In over 30 years, the field of health promotion has provided any educational approach with strategies, methods and intervention tools designed, in particular, to help people develop or improve life skills. Nowadays, in France, in numerous calls of proposals, the development of life skills is a usual aim for funders of prevention and health education programs. But although often considered essential by health education professionals in their actions, the development of life skills is not yet a real object of scientific research, and its effectiveness remains rather unconfirmed. The main objective of this thesis work is to explore through a comprehensive sociological and pragmatic approach, the meaning of the intervention aimed for the development of life skills. This research is based on a discourse analysis, especially on two axes: 1) individual skills acquisition, carried by health promotion practitioners, and 2) daily use of the development of life skills, by field workers within education area in its broader sense. This analysis is supposed to help to understand worldviews transmitted by different actors through their action. The research first focuses on the study of health promotion field as ideal type to delineate its area and to identify people interested in this topic. Its theoretical basis and its ethical and socio-historical dimensions are questioned to find out the development of life skills object and to understand its goals. According to Boltansky, health promotion is a "city", considered both as a new concept and as anunder construction space of social practices. Then, these works aim to determine whether the development of life skills is a component of the new approach of the so-called "global health" as an issue for population health management. Based on other area findings (i.e. occupation, business, education and training), all of which directly and widely concerned by development of life skills, the questions they asked can by divided in two categories: 1) how was built the life skill concept– and its development-, and 2) the politicization movement which undergoes the use of development of life skills in health promotion actions. The intervention for development of life skills is a political action that engages our study at the heart of educational issues and social policies. The construction of life skills concept in the own theoretical discourse on health promotion, fed by contributions coming from other social area, induces actors’ politicization process (accountability and adaptability). The purpose of the intervention for the development of life skills in health promotion is certainly human development in its psychological (autonomy) and social (citizenship) dimensions, but the requirements involve and engage the individual in a recognized and accepted self-monitoring mechanism (individual empowerment). The meaning of development of life skills can be found in an interval where an ethic paradigm shift – to the benefit of a better individual and societies’ well being - is raising, and in an area where, to some extent, personal self-realization turns to a mercantile happiness in the liberal economic sphere

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23

Umapathi, N. "Essays on human capital interventions in developing countries". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18947/.

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In the first chapter, co-authored with Emanuela Galasso, we evaluate an original large-scale intervention in Madagascar (SEECALINE) that focuses on promoting correct breast-feeding, complementary feeding and hygiene practices. We find that the program helped 0-5 year old children, in the participating communities to bridge their gap in weight-for-age z-score and the incidence of underweight. The program also had significant effects in protecting height-for-age and reducing the incidence of stunting. We also show that SEECALINE can have very different effects on the anthropometric status of children, depending on the educational level of the mother. We find that the program improved height-for-age only for children whose mothers had at least secondary level education. We propose an explanation based on interaction effects between proxies of birth conditions and maternal education. More educated mothers meet the necessary conditions that reinforce the behavioral change enabling program effects. We provide evidence that access to public health facilities during birth and early childhood is necessary for translating behavioral change into improvements in children‟s health status. Chapter 1 leaves the question of differential take-up by maternal education unanswered. The heterogeneous effects could be due to lack of adoption of practices by the least educated mothers. In the second chapter I apply difference-in-difference and propensity score weighting techniques to identify causal impact of the program availability on behavioral change and show that least educated mothers adopted the recommended practices. This complements the evidence presented in chapter 1 that although improved knowledge of child-care may be necessary it is not sufficient to translate into improvements in nutritional outcomes. In the third chapter co-authored with Emanuela Galasso and Jeffrey Yau, we estimate the returns to differential lengths of exposure to SEECALINE. We address this question using information available only on program participants. To that end, we develop a methodology that circumvents this data hurdle and estimate returns to differential lengths of exposure using administrative data. We find that the differential returns are decreasing over time, though they do not dissipate to zero. These results provide suggestive evidence that the returns to the program reflect learning effects from the intervention.

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24

Philouze, Clothilde. "Dépistage des altérations précoces de la fonction régionale myocardique par échocardiographie de stress et effet d’une intervention par supplémentation en vitamine D3 dans le diabète de type 2 : approche translationnelle". Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0346/document.

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Le diabète est aujourd’hui la 7ème cause de mortalité dans le monde. Dans cette population, la cardiomyopathie diabétique est la principale cause de morbi-mortalité. Le développement de cette complication débutant dès l’apparition du diabète, un dépistage et une prise en charge précoces de cette pathologie sont donc de première importance et sont les deux objectifs visés par ces travaux. La première étude que nous avons réalisée a permis de démontrer l’utilité d’une évaluation compréhensive de la fonction régionale myocardique gauche par 2D speckle-tracking imaging, en conditions de stress à la dobutamine, dans le dépistage précoce de la cardiomyopathie diabétique chez des patients diabétiques de type 2 asymptomatiques. La deuxième partie de ces travaux a, quant à elle, donné lieu à deux études. L’étude clinique a permis de mettre en évidence une amélioration de la réponse au stress de la fonction régionale myocardique après 3 mois de supplémentation en vitamine D3 chez des patients carencés. L’étude expérimentale a, pour sa part, souligné les effets bénéfiques sur le remodelage et la fonction cardiaques de cette supplémentation, en prévention secondaire, dans un modèle murin de diabète de type 2 induit par un régime gras et sucré. Par ailleurs, cette étude a mis en lumière l’implication potentielle d’une modulation des taux myocardiques en espèces lipotoxiques par la vitamine D3 dans ces effets. L’ensemble de ces travaux de thèse a ainsi permis, d’une part, de proposer une technique de dépistage des signes précoces d’altération de la fonction cardiaque chez le patient diabétique de type 2 et, d’autre part, de montrer les effets bénéfiques d’une supplémentation en vitamine D3 dans ce contexte
Diabetes has reached the 7th place in the world’s top ten mortality causes. In this population, morbi-mortality mainly originates from diabetic cardiomyopathy. This complication evolving from the onset of diabetes, early diagnosis and care are of paramount importance and are the two purposes of this work. In our first study, we demonstrated the relevance of a comprehensive 2D speckle-tracking imaging analysis, under dobutamine stress, in unmasking early left ventricular regional myocardial dysfunction in a population of asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients. In the second part of this work, we performed two studies. In the first one, we brought to light an improvement of regional myocardial function response to dobutamine stress after a three-month vitamin D3 supplementation protocol, in deficient patients. The second study was performed in a mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. In this last work, we put forward the beneficial effects of vitamin D3 supplementation, in secondary prevention, on cardiac remodeling and function. These cardioprotective effects may be, at least in part, on account of modulatory effects of vitamin D3 on myocardial lipotoxic species levels. This whole work allow us to propose a tool enabling recognition of early cardiac function impairments in type 2 diabetic patients and to demonstrate the beneficial effects of vitamin D3 supplementation in this context

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25

Heinze, Eric Alan. "Human Rights in the Discourse on Sovereignty: The United States, Russia and NATO's Intervention in Kosovo". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42444.

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The concept of sovereignty has been a contestable idea throughout history, and its meaning has oftentimes transformed to reflect prevailing systemic conditions and political priorities of major actors in each historical period. In this study, I argue that the social construction of state sovereignty is at the beginning stages of another major redefinition. In an era of globalization and regional integration, discourse on sovereignty has become increasingly prolific as the rhetoric of sovereignty moves away from Westphalian principles that were based exclusively on the agency of independent states. Furthermore, multinational campaigns to promote international human rights engender a discourse that suggests the idea of sovereignty is changing. Does this emerging discourse confirm the growing legitimacy of humanitarian intervention, or is it merely a discursive trend in international relations that does not indicate significant change in state perception and behavior? The purpose of this work is to address this question.
Master of Arts

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26

Steeves, Rouven J. G. "Legitimizing intra-state military intervention on behalf of human rights". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1999. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA374025.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs) Naval Postgraduate School, December 1999.
"December 1999". Thesis advisor(s): David S. Yost. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-126). Also available online.

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27

Bicknell, Colin David. "Embolic potential of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques during endoluminal intervention". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422309.

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28

Hughes, Caroline Sian. "Human rights in Cambodia : international intervention and the national response". Thesis, University of Hull, 1998. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:3483.

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29

Kridler, Jamie Branam. "Defining Youth Violence and Identifying Strategies for Intervention and Prevention". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5854.

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Milner, Rebecca. "Nonviolent Behavioral Intervention and Self-Defense for Counselors". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2969.

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31

Viteri, Palomeque Maria Fernanda. "Urban public spaces’ role and repercussions in urban transformational interventions case of Guayaquil, Ecuador". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI062.

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À partir des transformations d'espaces publics urbains de Guayaquil (Équateur), trois processus d’intervention ont été distingués : régénération, rénovation, et autoréhabilitation. Ceux-ci ont commencé en raison des conditions d'habitabilité négligées de ces espaces, cette habitabilité externe devenant un enjeu majeur pour la ville. Trois zones principales de changement ont été définies : le centre-ville, la banlieue d’Estero Salado et l’Île Santay. De ceci, trois typologies d’espaces publics urbains ayant trait aux cours d’eau ont été respectivement définies : malecones, parcs linéaires et parc de mangrove. Les changements récents sont également basés sur des objectifs nationaux plus larges : le Buen Vivir et les Droits de la Nature (Constitution équatorienne de 2008). Des méthodes spécifiques ont constaté la pertinence des espaces publics et leurs fonctions dans les dimensions diverses des logiques de la ville, obtenant plusieurs résultats. D’abord, les causes du succès (ou non) des interventions des espaces publics ont été identifiées, ainsi que la façon dont ces interventions ont été accompagnées de problèmes sociaux, ce qui rendait vulnérable le droit à la ville des habitants. Ces premiers résultats ont été obtenus grâce à un travail de terrain : l'observation participative, des enquêtes et entretiens de fonctionnaires, d’habitants et/ou d’utilisateurs. Cela a amené à ce que la conception générale des espaces publics soit redéfinie au niveau local pour cette recherche. Dans cette analyse sociale et spatiale, émergent un processus d'homogénéisation des espaces publics, une mutation d'usages et une fragmentation spatiale. Tous ces problèmes ont remis en doute un des éléments importants de la planification des espaces publics : le design urbain, qui est un paramètre, entre autres, de la qualité et de la perception de ces espaces, influençant la relation environnement/humain (testée par l'analyse sensorielle des méthodes exploratoires). Ainsi, les changements de ces espaces publics affectent les interactions et le comportement humain, produisant une nouvelle urbanité pour les guayaquileños, qui leur donne une fierté identitaire. À la lumière de telles situations complexes, les procédés actuels de « faire la ville » ont été remis en cause. De cette façon, le paradigme traditionnel des espaces publics (connu pour être des zones résiduelles et/ou secondaires dans la planification), peut être inversé en un paradigme dans lequel ils sont considérés comme des liens et des médiateurs, structurant la ville dans sa morphologie, sa planification et ses dimensions liées aux êtres humains. En effet, les espaces publics peuvent constituer un sous-système concentrant la planification, le design, la construction et la gestion du système de la ville
From Guayaquil’s urban public spaces transformations, three interventional processes were distinguished: regeneration, renovation, and rehabilitation. These started due to neglected exterior habitability conditions as the city’s livability was at stake, defining three main zones of change: city center, Estero Salado suburbs, and Santay Island. From this, three waterside urban public spaces’ typologies were respectively defined: malecones, linear parks and mangrove-park. The recent changes are based as well on broader national goals: Buen Vivir and Rights of Nature (Ecuador’s 2008 Constitution). Specific methods identified public spaces’ relevance and functions in various dimensions of the city’s logics, obtaining several findings. Firstly, it could be identified why public spaces’ interventions have been successful or unsuccessful, and how this lead to social problems in which people’s right to the city is at stake. This was done through fieldwork: participant observation, surveys and interviews to civil servants, inhabitants or users. This lead to redefine the concept of public spaces into local definitions. In this social and spatial analysis, a public spaces’ homogenization process is happening, mutation of uses and spatial fragmentation. All this problems re-questioned one of the elements at stake when planning public spaces: urban design, which can be responsible of public spaces’ quality, perceptions, among others, influencing the human-environment relationship (tested through sensorial analysis exploratory methods). Certainly, the changes of these public spaces affect human interactions and behavior, generating a new-styled urbanity for Guayaquileños, an identity to be proud of. In light of such complex situations, the current ways of making the city were questioned. In this way, the traditional paradigm of public spaces as residual or secondary areas in planning can be inverted, based on public spaces as linkers and mediators, which structure the city in its morphological, planning, and human related dimensions. Indeed, public spaces can constitute a subsystem to focus on planning, designing, constructing, and managing the city system

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Manyena, Bernard. "Disaster resilience in development and humanitarian interventions". Thesis, Northumbria University, 2009. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/661/.

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The connections between disaster recovery and the resilience of affected communities have become common features of disaster risk reduction programmes since the adoption of The Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005–2015. Increasing attention is paid to the capacity of disaster-affected communities to recover with little or no external assistance following a disaster. This highlights the need for a change in the disaster risk reduction work culture, with stronger emphasis being put on resilience rather than just needs or vulnerability. The aim of this thesis is to determine the extent to which development and humanitarian interventions promote resilience in disaster-prone areas. Three case studies with elements of resilience building were examined in 2002, 2004 and 2005 using an evaluation framework. Survey and participatory interviewing methods involving more than 1200 participants were employed to gain insights from the implementation of: The Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in Zimbabwe; The Institutional Support Project in Ethiopia; and The Agricultural Rehabilitation Project in East Timor. There are no easy answers for enhancing disaster resilience through development and humanitarian interventions. However, four conclusions emerging from this study contribute to the emerging disaster resilience body of knowledge, spanning social science disciplines such as geography, environmental management and sociology. Firstly, disaster resilience is the ability to ‘bounce forward’ rather than ‘bounce back’ following a disaster. The notion of ‘bounce back’ implies the capacity to return to a pre- disaster state, which fails to capture the ‘new’ reality created by the disaster. ‘Bounce forward’ encapsulates community continuity within the context of changed realities brought about by the disaster. Secondly, resilience and vulnerability are confirmed as discrete constructs, the one not being the ‘flip side’ of the other. Thirdly, local resilience to disasters is about agency, albeit in a political and economic context. Community agency continuously creates and re-creates, and owns and controls the disaster institutional structures. Fourthly, resilience building resonates with the contiguum approach - it can occur at any phase or multiple phases of the disaster cycle. Thus, the process of resilience building does not necessarily need to adopt a ‘linear’ or continuum approach. The contiguum approach offers opportunities for linking (existing) resilience, relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRRD). Finally, on the basis of the author’s broader experience with similar evaluations elsewhere, the findings of this thesis are robust and generalisable and would not have been significantly different, if different case studies were used. Similarly, the focus of this thesis has been on structures and evaluation processes and outcomes; a different approach might have given rise to different findings.

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Spessato, Barbara Coiro. "Trajetórias de desenvolvimento motor de crianças e o engajamento em uma proposta interventiva inclusiva para maestria". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17700.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o desempenho das habilidades motoras fundamentais (HMF) e a prevalência de maestria¹ e maestria aproximada² (artigos 1 e 2) e os efeitos de uma intervenção motora inclusiva com contexto motivacional para a maestria³ no desempenho motor das HMF e no engajamento (artigo 3). Com esse fim dois estudos foram conduzidos que resultaram em 3 artigos. A amostra do primeiro estudo foi de 1248 crianças de três a 11 anos (artigos 1 e 2) e e do segundo 69 crianças com atrasos motores (artigo 3). Para as avaliações, foram utilizados o TGMD-2 (ULRICH, 2000) e os descritores de respostas de Rink (1996). Os resultados apresentados no artigo 1 demonstraram que poucas crianças das 1248 apresentaram desempenho acima da média (0,6%), e na média (19,2%), as demais apresentaram resultados inferiores a média. A prevalência de maestria de habilidades motoras fundamentais em geral foi baixa, menos de 40% em todas 12 HMF avaliadas; bem como da maestria aproximada que apresentou menos de 30% em 11 HMF. A curva desenvolvimental apresentou um platô a partir dos sete anos de idade. As crianças do grupo de sete anos e mais jovens demonstraram um desempenho das habilidades motoras fundamentais respectivo à faixa etária. Os resultados apresentados no artigo 2, demonstraram que meninos e meninas apresentaram níveis semelhantes de maestria em apenas três habilidades motoras: galope, salto com um pé e passada (p>0,05). Em todas as outras habilidades avaliadas, os meninos apresentaram uma prevalência de maestria significativamente superior à das meninas. Além disso, os meninos demonstraram desempenhos motores significativamente superiores aos das meninas nas habilidades de locomoção e de controle de objeto (p<0,05). Os resultados da intervenção (artigo 3) demonstraram que as crianças do grupo interventivo apresentaram resultados significativamente superiores no desempenho de HMF do pré para o pós-teste (p<0,05). As crianças do grupo controle, no entanto, não apresentaram mudanças significativas do pré para o pós-teste (p>0,05). Meninos e meninas se beneficiaram da intervenção, aprimorando o desempenho de habilidades locomotoras e de controle de objeto. Crianças PNEE e crianças n-PNEE demonstraram um desempenho significativamente diferente e superior (p<0,05) ao grupo de controle nas habilidades de locomoção e de controle de objeto. Quanto ao engajamento, a intervenção proporcionou níveis de engajamento adequados a meninos e a meninas e também a crianças PNEE e n-PNEE. Não foram encontradas correlações significativas na avaliação do engajamento e do desempenho motor.O comportamento engajado motoramente de forma apropriada apresentou uma correlação fraca (r=0,13), e o comportamento engajado motoramente de forma inapropriada apresentou uma correlação negativa e fraca (r=-0,20). O comportamento não engajado motoramente de forma apropriada apresentou uma correlação negativa moderada (r=-0,33), e o comportamento não engajado de forma inapropriada apresentou uma correlação negativa fraca (r=-0,15) com o desempenho motor. Conclui-se que as crianças em geral não estão apresentando um desempenho adequado das habilidades motoras fundamentais, que as meninas estão apresentando um desempenho inferior ao dos meninos e, ainda, que as intervenções motoras com contexto motivacional para a maestria apresentam resultados importantes na redução dos atrasos para crianças com dificuldades motoras.
The goal of the present research was to investigate the motor development of 12 fundamental motor skills (HMF), and the prevalence of mastery and near mastery (articles 1 and 2) and the effects of a inclusive motor intervention in motor performance of HMF and engajement (article 3). To fulfill that goal two studies were conducted and resulted in three articles. The subjects od the first study were 3 to 11 years old children (n=1248) and in the second 69 children with motor delays (article 3). For the evaluations TGMD-2 (Ulrich, 2000) and the behavioral descriptors Rink (1996) were used. The results presented on article 1 demonstrated that only a few children demonstrated development above average (0,6%), and average(19,2%) according to TGMD-2 criteria. The mastery of fundamental motor skills was generally low considering all participants, less than 40% considering all motor skills accessed, and near mastery less than 30% in 11 HMF. Also the developmental curve demonstrated a plateau from 7 years on. The 5 year old children and younger demonstrated the development according to the expected for their age group.Article 2 results demonstrated that boys and girls displayed similar levels of mastery to girls only in 3 skills: gallop, hopping and leaping (p>0,05). All other skills accessed boys demonstrated a significantly superior prevalence of mastery than girls. Also boys demonstrated significantly superior scores in locomotor and object control skills (p<0,05). The results of the intervention (article 3) demonstrated that intervention group showed significantly higher scores in fundamental motor skills from pre to post test (p<0,05).Children from the control group did not demonstrate any significant changes (p>0,05). Children with and without disabilities demonstrated an improvement in fundamental motor skill enhancing locomotor and object control skills performing significantly different (p<0,05) and superior than the control group after the intervention. The intervention provides adequate levels of engagement and motor development. Correlations of engagement and motor skills were not significant. The behavior motor engaged time appropriate had a positive and weak correlation (r=0,13)in the assessment of engagement, the behavior motor engaged inappropriate had a negative weak correlation (r=-0,20), the behavior not motor engaged appropriate had a negative moderate correlation (r=-0,33), the behavior not motor engaged inappropriate had a weak negative correlation with motor development. Children in general are not demonstrating an adequate development of fundamental motor skills, girls are demonstrating an inferior performance than boys, also interventions with the implementation of the mastery climate demonstrates to be helpful in minimizing motor delays of children with motor difficulties.

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34

Hu, Shenai. "Intervention effects and the acquisition of relativization and topicalization in Chinese". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283652.

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Aquesta tesi tracta l’adquisició de la relativització i la topicalització en xinès. Mitjançant un sèrie d'experiments, obtinc els resultats següents. En primer lloc, les frases de relatiu d'objecte són més mal compreses i produïdes que les de subjecte en els nens de tres a set anys d’edat. En segon lloc, les relatives de subjecte també presenten unes certes dificultats de comprensió i donen lloc a diversos errors en els nens fins als sis anys. En tercer lloc, l’experiment d'elicitació va donar com a resultat molts SNs resumptius en tots els grups d'edat (inclosos els adults); per a molts parlants natius del xinès, les frases de relatiu amb SNs resumptius són acceptables en xinès parlat. En quart lloc, els nens de tres a sis anys entenen les frases amb topicalització d’objecte tan bé com entenen les frases amb topicalització de subjecte; en els dues estructures els nens assoleixen nivells adults als cinc anys. La dificultat assenyalada amb les frases de relatiu d’objecte pot explicar-se mitjançant una anàlisi en termes de Minimitat Relativitzada. Proposo que la intervenció estructural del subjecte entre el nucli del relatiu i la seva còpia són la font de la dificultat. Pel que fa a la topicalització, els resultats indiquen que la topicalització en xinès no involucra el moviment A’, sinó una relació anafòrica entre la categoria buida pro i un tòpic generat a la base.
In questa tesi, viene trattata l’acquisizione delle frasi relative e delle frasi con topicalizzazione nel Cinese. Dai vari esperimenti condotti, è emerso (i) che le frasi relative sul soggetto sono più facili da comprendere e produrre delle frasi relative oggetto per bambini che hanno dai 3 ai 7 anni; (ii) le relative soggetto in cinese presentano alcune difficoltà per i bambini fino a 6 anni; (iii) si osserva un uso consistente di NP di ripresa in produzione in tutti i gruppi di partecipanti, inclusi gli adulti; inoltre, per molti adulti le frasi relative con NP di ripresa sono accettabili nella lingua orale; (iv) i bambini comprendono a partire dai 3 anni tanto le frasi in cui l’oggetto è topicalizzato quanto quelle in cui il soggetto è topicalizzato; inoltre, a 5 anni la loro prestazione è a soffitto. La difficoltà che i bambini hanno con le frasi relative è spiegata in termini di minimalità relativizzata. Propongo che l’intervento strutturale del soggetto tra la testa della relativa oggetto e la sua copia è ciò che causa le difficoltà di comprensione. I risultati sulla comprensione della frasi con topicalizzazione suggeriscono che la topicalizzazione in cinese mandarino non mette in gioco il movimento, ma una relazione anaforica tra il topic che è generato in posizione iniziale della frase e una categoria vuota, pro.
This thesis is about the acquisition of relativization and topicalization in Chinese. Through a series of experimental studies, I obtain the following results. First, a disadvantage of object relatives holds in comprehension and in production for children from three to seven years of age. Second, subject relatives are also difficult to comprehend and elicit a variety of errors from children up to six years of age. Third, a large use of resumptive NPs is observed in production across age groups (including adults); for many adult native speakers of Mandarin Chinese, relative clauses with resumptive NPs are acceptable in spoken Chinese. Fourth, children from three to six years of age understand sentences featuring object topicalization as well as those featuring subject topicalization; on both structures children perform at ceiling at five years of age. The noted difficulty of object relatives is captured by the Relativized Minimality approach. I propose that structural intervention of the subject within the chain connecting the relative head and its copy is the source of the difficulty. With respect to topicalization, the results are interpreted by assuming that topicalization in Chinese does not involve A’-movement, but an anaphoric relation between the empty category pro and the base-generated topic.

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35

Nguyen, Le Thanh Tu. "Engineering the human gut microbiome through personalized dietary interventions". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130187.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering, May, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a dense and dynamic microbial community. The composition and metabolic output of the human gut microbiota have been implicated in many diseases: from inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and diarrheal diseases to metabolic syndromes like diabetes. Treatment of these diseases will likely require targeted therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the abundance and metabolism of specific commensal microbial species or probiotics. A promising avenue for such interventions is through diet, where the dietary components act as substrates for the species producing beneficial metabolites one wishes to enrich. In this thesis, I focus on a dietary intervention study in healthy individuals. Since the human gut microbiota is known for its highly heterogeneous composition across different individuals, it comes as no surprise that a more personalized approach is preeminent.
We first test effects of multiple micronutrients spiked into a fixed diet. Using a highly controlled diet within the cohort, we identify strong and predictable responses of specific microbes across participants consuming prebiotic spike-ins. However, select macronutrient spike-ins like unsaturated or saturated fat and protein, produce no predictable response. We next investigate prebiotic supplement in diet further as well as its downstream products, short chain fatty acids, in the digestive tract. We look to alleviate the stress of a highly controlled, low complexity diet on participants by testing the effect of different prebiotics simultaneously ex vivo. We show that individuals vary in their microbial metabolic phenotypes (as in they produce different quantities and proportions of short chain fatty acids from the same prebiotic inputs) mirroring differences in their microbiota composition.
Finally, we run a pilot study to elucidate how closely our ex vivo experiment results may reflect the in vivo changes following a short-term dietary fiber supplementation. In addition to obtaining preliminary data on this direct comparison, we also explore different parameters for generating high-throughput data on personalized dietary interventions. Together, these projects provide the framework for building a predicative model for the effect that prebiotic dietary supplementation will have on gut microbiota's composition. Such a prediction model would be equally helpful in both enhancing individuals' gut health and improving gut dysbiosis in cases of disease.
by Le Thanh Tu Nguyen.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Engineering

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36

Thompson, Deidra. "Improving Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Rates Through Evidence-Based Interventions". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4892.

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Cervical cancer is the most common human papilloma virus (HPV) -associated cancer and is the second leading cause of death in the world. Vaccination against HPV is essential to reduce the incidence of HPV and subsequent morbidity and mortality. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 79 million Americans are currently infected with HPV. The site for this DNP project was a 163-bed facility with inpatient and outpatient services in the southern United States. The vaccination rate at the site was 48%. The facility lacked educational interventions to prepare and remind providers to offer HPV vaccine. The purpose of this DNP project was to address a significant gap by increasing clinician knowledge through the development of educational materials, the design and implementation of training sessions for staff, and the development of protocols that require providers to offer the vaccine to every eligible patient and to call the patient and remind them of appointments for vaccine injections. The academic center for evidence-based practice star model was used to translate knowledge into nursing practice to improve outcomes change. For this project, a panel of 10 experts from the facility was formed to conduct a formative and summative evaluation of the educational materials and protocols. The findings of the study showed an acceptance of the plan suggesting the importance of the educational materials and the educational process to increase HPV vaccination rates, which can thereby reduce death and disease associated with HPV through the empowerment of the clinicians to provide necessary and appropriate care.

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37

Clark, Tyrome. "Humanitarian Intervention: Moral Perspectives". UNF Digital Commons, 2016. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/633.

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This thesis addresses primary concepts in the humanitarian intervention debates. I argue that humanitarian intervention is a perfect duty. The global community has a moral obligation to act decisively in the face of extreme human rights abuses. There are two contrasting theoretical perspectives regarding international relations and humanitarian intervention: statism and cosmopolitanism. These contrasting perspectives contest the relative value of state sovereignty and human rights. Some of the most prominent ethicists in the debate have determined states have a “right” to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of other states to halt severe human rights abuses but there is no “duty”to intervene. These conclusions are largely based upon consequentialist considerations. This thesis argues a deontological perspective is essential. References to events Rwanda, Darfur, and Kosovo are made. There is a critical role for preemptive actions to play in addressing humanitarian crises and calls for global justice.

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38

Kolb, Andreas Stephan. "The responsibility to protect : legal rights and obligations to save humans from mass murder and ethnic cleansing". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/4160.

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The context for this work is set by the proliferation of intrastate conflicts and the international legal debate of humanitarian intervention. The thesis specifically addresses the concept of the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) as formulated by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS). The objective is to assess the present quality of R2P as a concept of international law. Five components of the R2P framework are discussed: the primary responsibility of every state to protect its population from large-scale killings and large-scale ethnic cleansing; the right of other states to collective humanitarian intervention through the United Nations; a right of unilateral humanitarian intervention without prior Security Council authorization; the responsibility of the international community to take military action; and the criteria for external military involvement. Methodologically, the analysis is grounded in the dominant theory of legal positivism and its doctrine of sources, which requires notably an analysis of treaties and customary international law. An ethical theory is devised and applied, however, to remedy inadequacies of a strictly positivist method that sets out to determine international law solely on the basis of hard facts. These ethical considerations serve as a background theory to provide guidance in difficult cases of treaty or customary law analysis, and they fill gaps in positive international law as legally binding “principles of ethical law”. In conclusion, the individual components of R2P differ in terms of their legal status and the degree to which it can be explained by the traditional posivist approach to international law. The primary responsibility of every state has become accepted as a hard norm of international customary law; the right of collective humanitarian intervention is provided for in Chapter VII of the UN Charter; a right of unilateral humanitarian intervention has become part of the international legal system as a “principle of ethical law”; the residual responsibility of the international community is a principle of “legal soft law”; finally, positive international law defines no criteria delineating the permissible and required use of force for the protection of foreign populations.

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39

White, Tari. "Humanitarian Intervention, Refugee Protection, and the Place of Humanitarianism in International Relations". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political and Social Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7772.

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In taking into account the vast body of literature that exists on the topic of international humanitarianism, this thesis aims to provide a contribution to the field by way of an analysis of the dubious manner in which states apply the principles of humanitarianism. It derives conclusions around the level of commitment and sincerity of the international humanitarian regime to the principles of humanitarianism by exploring the dynamic relationship between the two of the main areas of humanitarianism: humanitarian intervention and refugee protection. From this analysis stems the argument is that while the governments of the wealthy Western states are often amongst the loudest trumpeters of humanitarian principles, they fail to live up to their humanitarian obligations. For, rather than committing to humanitarian action on the basis of need, they are only willing to commit to humanitarian action in cases that serve in their own national interests; cases of human suffering from which they do not stand to benefit remain caught in the margins of the international humanitarian regime.

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40

Grig, Andrew. "Novel strategies for the therapeutic intervention of human immunodeficiency virus infection". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252346.

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41

Hall, Martin Lewis Walter. "Systems thinking and human values : towards a practical organisational intervention methodology". Thesis, University of Lincoln, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387702.

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42

Hanmer, Hugh James. "Unintended consequences : how human intervention affects the ecology of urban birds". Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/74256/.

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Urbanisation is an ever-growing threat to global wildlife. Nevertheless, urban areas around the world hold significant wild bird populations and urban birds provide a key connection between people and wildlife. Many people provide supplementary resources, such as food and nesting sites. However, even apparently beneficial actions may have unintended negative consequences. This work explores some of these direct and indirect effects. Grey Squirrels Sciurus carolinensis are a widespread, introduced species in the UK, acting both as a competitor for resources with birds and predator of their nests. When present, Grey Squirrels effectively excluded birds from supplementary feeding stations. Allowing them unrestricted access both supports their energy requirements and reduces its availability to target taxa, through both behavioural exclusion and food consumption. In addition, nest predation was higher in artificial nests adjacent to filled bird feeders which were frequented by potential nest predators and the exclusion of these predators did not significantly reduce nest predation. Providing point attractants during the breeding season may therefore depress local urban bird breeding success in addition to directly supporting predator/competitor populations. Garden supplementary feeding stations may also represent a threat to wild bird and human health through pathogen transmission. Bacterial communities were found to differ between two bird feeder types but there was little association between feeder usage by animals and bacterial load or pathogen presence in a typical UK suburban garden bird-feeding setting. Nest boxes are commonly provided for cavity nesting urban birds as an additional supplementary resource. Nest box using Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major differed in their use of anthropogenic material. Anthropogenic nest material was associated with lower arthropod diversity and ectoparasite predator abundance but higher ectoparasite loads. Higher arthropod diversity was linked to lower flea numbers, implying more complex arthropod communities depressed ectoparasite abundance though no direct link was found between these factors with breeding success. Domestic cats Felis catus are the most abundant predator in many urban ecosystems. Cat home ranges varied with level of urbanisation and they ranged significantly further during the night. To reduce the probability of Domestic Cats entering local protected areas a management zone of 300-400m from the nearest housing was estimated to be of management value and must be adjusted to the local landscape to ensure effectiveness. Despite the various negative effects highlighted in this thesis, the findings suggest that many of them can be mitigated, to ensure that our best intentions do effectively benefit urban birds.

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43

Lehane, Darren. "Visualising the unpredictable: Effective communication of process anomalies requiring human intervention". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-358469.

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The role of data is of critical importance to our modern societies. As the total quantity of data being created is increasing exponentially, it is more important than ever to ensure that the optimal data visualisation methods are used to represent this data. One scenario in which this is particularly pertinent is for the identification of anomalous system states which require human intervention, such as in power plants and aviation control. As part of this study, a configurable and extendable software testbed for methodically evaluating the performance of different data visualisation types was developed. These tools were then used to investigate the performance of three different display types representing the same data set: a bar graph display, a configural coordinate display (CCD) designed using the principles of ecological interface design, and a configural integral display (CID) designed following the principles of poietic design. Both the total simultaneous quantity and the dynamicity of displays were examined. The bar graph display was observed to perform significantly worse than the other display types as the number of simultaneously visible displays increased. The CCD performed best overall, while the CID was not far behind in all cases except for those with the largest quantity of displays, indicating that both of these display types afford a certain level of gist perception. This research provides a basis for future studies aiming to evaluate the performance of alternative display types or redesigns to those evaluated herein and suggests some potential properties which could be of benefit to such redesigns.

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44

Saint, Fleur William. "La mobilisation des ressources humaines dans un contexte post-changement : recherche-intervention dans une entreprise française, filiale d’un grand groupe pétrolier mondial". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3046.

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La mobilisation des ressources humaines figure parmi les principales préoccupations des entreprises françaises, quels que soient leur taille et leur secteur d’activité, révèle la Fondation Nationale pour l’Enseignement et la Gestion des Entreprises (FNEGE). Une préoccupation tout-à-fait légitime au regard du manque à gagner que représente la non-mobilisation des personnes au travail en matière de performance. Car, grâce aux efforts dépassant les attentes normales et conformes aux objectifs organisationnels qu’ils fournissent, les salariés mobilisés participent au renforcement de la performance globale de leur entreprise. De plus, puisqu’ils sont ouverts à l’amélioration continue, ils adhèrent au changement et sont force de proposition. Dans un contexte où les entreprises sont obligées de changer constamment pour faire face à la concurrence et assurer leur survie, l’appréhension et la facilitation de la mobilisation de leurs collaborateurs constituent un enjeu majeur pour elles. Comment appréhender la mobilisation des salariés ? Comment la favoriser suite à des transformations organisationnelles ? Cette thèse s’efforce de répondre à ces questions. Elle vise, non seulement, à comprendre et expliquer les comportements de mobilisation suite à des transformations organisationnelles, mais aussi, à aider les praticiens des ressources humaines et les managers à agir sur ce phénomène dans ce contexte et éventuellement, au-delà. Pour observer la mobilisation des personnes au travail dans un contexte post-changement, nous avons effectué une recherche-intervention dans une PME française, filiale d’un grand groupe pétrolier mondial. L’interprétation et l’analyse de l’observation de ce phénomène ont été guidées par la théorie de l’échange social et la norme de réciprocité couplées avec l’analyse socio-technique et la théorie de la structuration. Les résultats ont montré que la mobilisation des ressources humaines est un phénomène complexe aux sources multiples, compensatoires et multiplicatrices
According to the National Foundation for Business Education and Management (FNEGE), the mobilization of human resources is one of the main concerns of French companies, whatever their size and activity. This concern is absolutely legitimate in view of the shortfall that results from the non-mobilization of people at work in terms of performance. Because, thanks to their efforts which exceed the normal expectations and consistent with the organizational objectives, the mobilized employees contribute to enhance the overall performance of their company. Furthermore, they adhere to change and often make suggestions, since they are open to continuous improvement. In a context where companies are forced to change constantly in order to face the competition and ensure their survival, the apprehension and the facilitation of the mobilization of their employees constitute for them a major challenge. How to apprehend the mobilization of the employees? How to foster their mobilization following organizational transformations? This dissertation seeks to answer these questions. It aims not only to understand and explain mobilization behaviors following organizational change, but also to help human resources practitioners and managers to act on this phenomenon within this context and possibly, beyond. To observe the mobilization of people at work within a post-change context, we conducted an intervention research in a French SME, a subsidiary of a major world oil group. The interpretation and analysis of the observation of this phenomenon were guided by the social exchange theory and the norm of reciprocity coupled with socio-technical analysis and the theory of structuration. The results reveal that the mobilization of human resources is a complex phenomenon with multiple, compensatory and multiplying sources

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45

Haberland, Bastian B. "Germ-line Interventions in the International Regime of Human Rights and Human Dignity". University of Canterbury. Law, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3264.

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Germ-line interventions allow parents to take influence on their child’s genetic disposition and give scientists the means to eradicate hereditary diseases. At the same time, nothing is more controversial in the realm of genetics than the child as an object of parental gustoes - the “designed child”. This article begins with an overview of the international regulations dealing with germ-line interventions. It then turns to the question whether there are international human rights that promote a permissive policy towards germ-line interventions, such as the right to health, as opposed to those international rules that seem to restrict the application of germ-line interventions, such as human dignity. The analysis results in the conclusion that the prohibition of germ-line interventions for non-therapeutic purposes is an evolving rule of customary international law. In order to give this rule a more tangible outline, the appendix contains the draft of a “Declaration on the Prohibition of Non-Therapeutic Germ-line Interventions

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46

Yeung, Shing-yip Alfred. "Compliance and effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions against influenza transmission in households". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42998062.

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47

Garcia, Frédéric. "Formes et dynamiques du travail collectif réel : analyse et développement à partir des notions d'activité et de régulation". Phd thesis, Lille 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440148.

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Les conceptions du travail collectif et des écarts entre prescriptions et travail réel sont interrogées du point de vue de l'Ergonomie et des champs proches. L'étude du travail collectif, du point de vue des régulations à l'intérieur des organisations, enrichit l'analyse en termes d'écarts entre prescriptions et réel. Les manques et les excès de la prescription trouvent un écho spécifique dans le cadre des restructurations du secteur psychiatrique. L'Analyse Ergonomique du Travail, et en son sein l'Analyse Psychologique de l'activité, ont pour objectif de mettre en lumière les facteurs déterminants des situations de travail et des organisations. Les liens entre les objectifs de compréhension et de transformation dans le cadre de l'Ergonomie permettent d'obtenir et de discuter les données. Une méthodologie qualitative et quantitative analyse l'activité des soignants, leur stress, leurs représentations du travail, de l'environnement et des changements, les déterminants organisationnels et sociétaux, les projets, les modèles et les implémentations des changements. A travers l'étude du travail réel soignant et l'intervention sur ses conditions de travail, le secteur psychiatrique montre l'utilité d'envisager l'ensemble des prescriptions inapplicables, ambiguës et incompatibles, et les dynamiques locales dans leurs diversités. Plus largement, l'analyse gagne à être élargie au travail collectif et aux différents corps de métiers, à leurs articulations et à leurs conflits, pour modéliser l'organisation au plus juste et intervenir efficacement sur celle-ci. Cette recherche montre l'utilité d'analyser les représentations du point de vue de leur homogénéité et de leur hétérogénéité, dans le but d'argumenter la nécessité d'analyser l'activité réelle de travail, l'organisation et les projets organisationnels. La prescription, la mise en oeuvre des changements et les modèles de transformations impactent effectivement les perceptions, l'activité réelle de travail voire la santé du personnel, mais les collectifs de travail modèrent ces effets. La centralité du travail collectif est confirmée, surtout si celui-ci est perçu dans sa diversité. Le secteur psychiatrique appuie l'intérêt d'une approche en termes de régulations organisationnelles, collectives et individuelles. Dans cette optique, l'Ergonomie peut à terme dépasser les critiques des organisations du travail en proposant de réelles alternatives. Les conséquences sont discutées des points de vues, complémentaires, théorique, méthodologique et interventionnel.

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48

Kimberl, Elizabeth. "Short term substance abuse intervention via equine assisted psychotherapy". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.

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49

Villeneuve, François 1974. "La légalité de l'intervention humanitaire en droit international : entre la non-violence et le respect des droits de l'homme". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99156.

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In spite of the general prohibition of the use of force in international relations contained in the UN Charter, some jurists maintain that humanitarian intervention is valid under comtemporary international law. Too make their case, they put forward a series of arguments which can be divided into two categories. The first holds that humanitarian intervention is compatible with the UN Charter, and the second, which is used more often, that a right of humanitarian intervention has arise out of state's practice. The present thesis surveys these arguments and comes to the conclusion that humanitarian intervention remains illegal under international law. Notwithstanding the formidable progression of human rights in international society, the rule prohibiting recourse to force still enjoys great currency among states at the beginning of this new millenium.

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50

Lundborg, Ida. "Ett (o)tillåtet undantag eller en (ny)etablerad regel? : - En studie av den nuvarande folkrättsliga regleringen av humanitär intervention". Thesis, Örebro University, Department of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-2677.

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Abstract

This essay has as its purpose to discuss the current legal regulation of the concept of humanitarian intervention. The inconsistencies in the debate over the legal status of this concept, and the legal uncertainty it brings to the acts of states and the lives of their nationals is a motivating factor for the writing of this essay. However, it has been clear from the outset that the concept of humanitarian intervention is intricately connected to political and moral ideas and values. Thus, the attitude taken towards this doctrine will be highly dependent on the perspectives of the state, government or single author representing it.

Following this starting point, the aim of this essay is not to present a single answer as to whether humanitarian intervention is, or is not, legal, but to research, compare and analyze the different arguments put forward in this subject in international law today. Hopefully, this will provide the reader of this essay with some insight into the sources of international law of today and how the principles of state sovereignty, non-intervention, the prohibition of force and the protection of human rights relate to the concept of humanitarian intervention.

A frank overview of the UN Charter does not support use of force except in the case of self-defence or without a Security Council mandate. Because of the unique character of the Charter and the UN system itself, any interpretation of the Charter will have to consider not only the letter of the Charter but its founding purposes and principles, as well as its function and tasks in international society today. Taking into account this wider perception of the Charter, there have been propositions to interpret the key articles and principles on the use of force in the Charter in such a way that the concept of humanitarian intervention completely circumvents the prohibition on the use of force and the principle of non-intervention. This interpretation, however, has been rejected by the currently most authoritative writers in international law and has received a, to say the least, mixed support among the community of states. The main reason for this is that such an interpretation of the Charter overlooks the travaux preparatoires of the Charter as well as the purposes and functions of the UN, and would produce a result contrary to the peace-building aims of the UN.

As regards the state practice connected to the relevant regulations of the UN Charter, this essay has shown that the consistency, generality and uniformity of this practise is not sufficient to conclude that a new interpretative regime has been accepted by the states that would allow for humanitarian intervention beyond what is provided for today by the explicit support of the UN Charter. Neither has the claims of a customary rule allowing humanitarian intervention, independent of the rules of the UN Charter, been proved to exist as a result of consistent state practice and an accompanying opinio juris. Still, states have been seen to resort to the use of force claiming a right to humanitarian intervention, and there is recognition of such a doctrine in the writing of several authors. This perception may partly be a consequence of the American dominance in the writing on the subject, and the selectivity that such a limited perspective brings to the overview of the legal position of humanitarian intervention. However, there is proof in the practice of the UN and the instruments concluded by states within the UN system of a new perspective of the state and its responsibility towards its own citizens. Coupled with the emergence of human rights instruments within the UN, there is a possibility that this perspective will bring changes in the values and workings of the UN system and the community of states as a whole. This change may perhaps in the future allow for a doctrine of humanitarian intervention in cases of extreme humanitarian distress.

However, the risks of misuse of such a new right, as well as the difficulties of formulating a set of criteria for this doctrine that would encompass the will and interests of all states demand that such a development, however mindful of the urgency of the human suffering necessary to counter with such a doctrine, will have to take its time and be conducted with great care to produce a sustainable result.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Intervention humaine"

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