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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Interpreting." John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655318.
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Jiang, Lihua [Verfasser]. "From community interpreting to discourse interpreting : a Triadic Discourse Interpreting Model (TRIM) / Lihua Jiang." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1009673432/34.
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Aberley, Douglas Carroll. "Interpreting bioregionalism." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2110.
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Johns, Christopher Stephen Rowland. "Interpreting agreement." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2925/.
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This dissertation is an investigation of the formal status of agreement morphology and its relationship to null arguments. Rejecting Chomsky’s (2000, 2001) claim that valuedness is the formal correlate of interpretability, it is suggested that a more elegant account of the data follows if φ-features of verbal affixes are taken to be valued in the lexicon. Interpretability is argued to be determined in the syntax, according to whether the affix is in a position to receive a Ө-role or not and as such the proposal diverges from that of Pesetsky and Torrego (2005a, 2005b), who also argue for the separation of interpretability and valuedness, but consider both to be lexical properties of a given category. Positing the existence of verbal affixes with valued interpretable φ-features is uncontroversial and this is the analysis adopted for environments such as the participial clause in Finnish, object and complementiser agreement in Modem Standard Arabic and a range of contexts in Modem Irish in which 'pronominal agreement' and full NP or free pronominal arguments are in strictly complementary distribution. It is shown that valued uninterruptible features, while not present in the lexicon according to the Chomskyan model, are necessarily created in the course of the derivation, leading to the conclusion that the computational component must contain an operation for deleting such features under identity with matching identical features of a nominal category. Since this should be no less able to apply to lexically valued uninterpretable features, there is no principled reason to suppose that such features do not exist and this is the analysis adopted for constructions such as certain Finnish adjunct clauses and SVO structures in Modem Standard Arabic, in which agreement and overt arguments co-occur. An important consequence of allowing the interpretability of φ-features to be determined in the syntax is the possibility that the same affix could be interpretable in one environment and uninterruptible in another, exhibiting different syntactic behaviour accordingly, and this is argued to be the case for Finnish possessor agreement and finite verb agreement in Modem Standard Arabic, obviating the need to posit a lexical split as other analyses (e.g. Fassi Fehri, 1993, Toivonen, 2000) have had to. Optional arguments are accounted for by recourse to the idea of a null pronominal with interpretable unvalued-features which probes an agreement head with uninterpretable valued φ-features, a natural consequence of the dissolution of the biconditional relationship between interpretability and valuedness and a direct analogue in Minimalist terms of the category pro of Chomsky (1982) and Rizzi (1986).
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Tollefsen, Deborah Perron. "Interpreting organizations /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486459267522019.
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Yang, Ye, and 楊燁. "Interpreting city, city interpreting, a landscape practice on cityscape." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196538.
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Mankins, Kenneth W. "Interpretive transcultural storytelling method : A contextual narrative approach to interpreting transcultural relationships." Thesis, University of Buckingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515676.
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Laurent, Christina Kae. "Interpreting the ADA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271609.
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The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is something that has created both freedom and confusion. There are those who are affected by the law, have family members who are, or have a basic understanding of the law. These varying degrees of knowledge help play a part in the confusion surrounding the law. Add to that the fact that the ADA is constantly being amended and it is no wonder that misunderstanding ensues. This paper sets out to see where the disorientation of the ADA is taking place, why it is happening, and what can be done to change it. Interpreting this law can seem like an insurmountable feat but to comprehend the law, its history must first be understood. It is important to distinguish between the law and the people it protects. They are not mutually exclusive or inclusive.
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Castle, Carrie. "Cultures of Interpreting: Describing the Role Cultures Play in Medical Interpreting." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1187032562.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Cincinnati, 2007.<br>Advisor: Jeffrey Jacobson. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Mar. 25, 2009). Includes abstract. Keywords: Culture; Role; Interpreting; Healthcare. Includes bibliographical references.
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Werne, Solnestam Beata. "Interpreting the human transcriptome." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Genteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158320.
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The human body is made of billions of cells and nearly all have the same genome. However, there is a high diversity of cells, resulted from what part of the genome the cells use, i.e. which RNA molecules are expressed. Rapid advances within the field of sequencing allow us to determine the RNA molecules expressed in a specific cell at a certain time. The use of the new technologies has expanded our view of the human transcriptome and increased our understanding of when, where, and how each RNA molecule is expressed. The work presented in this thesis focuses on analysis of the human transcriptome. In Paper I, we describe an automated approach for sample preparation. This protocol was compared with the standard manual protocol, and we demonstrated that the automated version outperformed the manual process in terms of sample throughput while maintaining high reproducibility. Paper II addresses the impact of nuclear transcripts on gene expression. We compared total RNA from whole cells and from cytoplasm, showing that transcripts with long, structured 3’- and 5’-untranslated regions and transcripts with long protein coding sequences tended to be retained in the nucleus. This resulted in increased complexity of the total RNA fraction and fewer reads per unique transcript. Papers III and IV describe dynamics of the human muscle transcriptome. For Paper III, we systematically investigated the transcriptome and found remarkably high tissue homogeneity, however a large number of genes and isoforms were differentially expressed between genders. Paper IV describes transcriptome differences in response to repeated training. No transcriptome-based memory was observed, however a large number of isoforms and genes were affected by training. Paper V describes a transcript profiling protocol based on the method Reverse Transcriptase Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification. We designed the method for a few selected transcripts whose expression patterns are important for detecting breast cancer cells, and optimized the method for single cell analysis. We successfully detected cells in human blood samples and applied the method to single cells, confirming the heterogeneity of a cell population.<br>Människokroppen är uppbyggd av miljarder celler och nästan alla innehåller samma arvsmassa. Trots detta finns det många olika celler med olika funktioner vilket är en följd av vilken del av arvsmassan som cellerna använder, dvs vilka RNA-molekyler som finns i varje cell. Den snabba utvecklingen av sekvenseringstekniker har gjort det möjligt att studera när, var och hur varje RNA-molekyl är uttryckt och att få en djupare förståelse för hur människans celler fungerar. Arbetet som presenteras i denna avhandling fokuserar på analys av RNA-molekyler i människans celler. I artikel I beskriver vi en automatiserad metod för att förbereda cellprov för RNA-sekvensering. Det automatiserade protokollet jämfördes med det manuella protokollet, och vi visade att det automatiserade protokollet överträffade det manuella när det gällde provkapacitet samtidigt som en höga reproducerbarheten behölls. I artikel II undersökte vi effekterna som RNA-molekyler från en del av cellen (cellkärnan) har på den totala mängden uttryckta RNA-molekyler. Vi jämförde RNA från hela cellen och från en del av cellen (cytoplasman) och visade att RNA-molekyler med långa och strukturerade 3'- och 5'-otranslaterade regioner och RNA-molekyler med långa proteinkodande sekvenser tenderade att hållas kvar i cellkärnan till en högre grad. Detta resulterade i en ökad komplexitet av RNA-molekylerna i hela cellen, medan vi i cytoplasma-fraktionen lättare kunde hitta de korta och svagt uttryckta RNA-molekyler. I Artikel III och IV studerar vi RNA-molekyler i människans skelettmuskler. I artikel III visar vi att andelen RNA-molekyler uttryckta i skelettmuskler är väldigt lika mellan muskler och mellan olika personer, men att ett stort antal RNA-molekyler var uttryckta i olika nivåer hos kvinnor och män. Artikel IV beskriver RNA-nivåer som svar på upprepade perioder av uthållighetsträning. Artikel V beskriver en metod för att studera ett fåtal utvalda RNA-molekyler. Vi valde RNA-molekyler vars uttryck är viktigt vid analys av bröstcancerceller, och optimerade metoden för analys av enskilda celler. Vi analyserade cancerceller från blodprov och använde metoden för att titta på RNA-nivåer i enskilda celler från en grupp av celler och visade på skillnader i RNA-nivåer inom gruppen.<br><p>QC 20150115</p>
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Wildes, Richard Patrick. "On interpreting stereo disparity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17262.
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Uegaki, Wataru Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Interpreting questions under attitudes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99318.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 215-221).<br>Abstract This dissertation concerns three kinds of variability that pose challenges for the compositional semantics of question-embedding sentences: (i) lexical variation among clause-embedding predicates with respect to the selection of complement types, (ii) variability in the exhaustivity of embedded questions and (iii) variability in the veridicality of embedded questions. Based on the proposal that declarative complements of question-embedding predicates are limiting cases of embedded questions, this dissertation presents a compositional-semantic analysis of question embedding sentences that can correctly predict the three kinds of variability above. According to the proposal, the complement selection is determined solely by the semantic type of the embedding predicate. The variability in exhaustivity and veridicality of embedded questions follows from a unified semantic derivation, namely one involving exhaustification at the matrix level once the lexical semantics of the embedding predicate is taken into account.<br>by Wataru Uegaki.<br>Ph. D.
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Du, George J. "Interpreting and optimizing data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112840.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 28-29).<br>The goal of this research was twofold. The first goal was to use observational data to propose interventions under various constraints, without explicitly inferring a causal graph. These interventions may be optimized for a single individual within a population, or for an entire population. Under certain assumptions, we found that is possible to provide theoretical guarantees for the intervention results when we model the data with a Gaussian process. The second goal was to map various data, including sentences and medical images, to a simple, understandable latent space, in which an intervention optimization routine may be used to nd beneficial interventions. To this end, variational autoencoders were used. We found that while the Gaussian process technique was able to successfully identify interventions in both simulations and practical applications, the variational autoencoder approach did not retain enough information about the input to be competitive with current approaches for classication, such as deep CNNs.<br>by George J. Du.<br>M. Eng.
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Quaas, Johannes, Bjorn Stevens, Philip Stier, and Ulrike Lohmann. "Interpreting the cloud cover." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-186087.
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Statistical analysis of satellite data shows a positive correlation between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and total cloud cover (TCC). Reasons for this relationship have been disputed in recent literature. The aim of this study is to explore how different processes contribute to one model’s
analog of the positive correlation between aerosol optical depth and total cloud cover seen in the satellite retrievals. We compare the slope of the linear regression between the logarithm of TCC and the logarithm of AOD, or the strength of the relationship, as derived from three satellite data sets to the ones simulated by a global aerosol-climate model. We analyse
model results from two different simulations with and without a parameterisation of aerosol indirect effects, and using dry compared to humidified AOD. Perhaps not surprisingly we find that no single one of the hypotheses discussed in the literature is able to uniquely explain the positive relationship. However the dominant contribution to the model’s
AOD-TCC relationship can be attributed to aerosol swelling in regions where humidity is high and clouds are coincidentally found. This finding leads us to hypothesise that much of the AOD-TCC relationship seen in the satellite data is also carried by such a process, rather than the direct effects of the aerosols on the cloud fields themselves.
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Knezevic, Nina. "Interpreting the autobiographical archive." Phd thesis, Sydney College of the Arts, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13893.
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Frandsen, Jacob F. "Interpreting Standard Usage Empirically." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3986.
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Writers, editors, and everyday language users look to dictionaries, style guides, usage guides, and other published works to help inform their language decisions. They want to know what is Standard English and what is not. Commentators have been prescribing and proscribing certain usages for centuries; however, their advice has traditionally been based on the subjective opinions of the authors. Recent works have analyzed usage by relying wholly or partly on statistical and descriptive data rather than traditional opinion alone; however, no work has presented statistical usage data in a user-friendly and consistent format. This study presents a statistically based methodology for analyzing the standardness of disputed English usage points that can be presented in a dictionary-like format useful to writers and editors. Using data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English, this study determined the percent of use of several disputed usage items. Percents of use were then applied to a statistically based "standardness" scale with several levels. The scale presented in this study is adapted from scales that have been used previously to study language change. In addition, returns from the Corpus of Historical American English were used to present historical trends, if any, for each usage item. It was found that traditional sentiments about certain prescribed and proscribed usage items differ markedly from actual observed usage. Corpus data make it clear that even usage guides that purport to rely at least partly on descriptive data are often wrong about the prevalence and acceptability of usage items. To produce truly objective and accurate analysis, usage advice must depend on corpus data and use a standard usage-trend scale that accounts for how language changes.
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Yamada, Hiroko. "Interpreting Studies and Undergraduate-level English Education:A Quest to Foster the Dynamic Development of Interpretation as an Academic Discipline." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/243318.
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Guo, Yijun. "Meaning Transfer in Consecutive Interpreting: A Functional Description of Chinese Government Press Conference Interpreting." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365559.
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Meaning and meaning transfer is central to consecutive interpreting, both pragmatically and theoretically. Therefore, a comprehensive and sophisticated understanding of meaning components, and the process, major influencing factors and patterns of meaning transfer is fundamental not only to consecutive interpreting practice, quality assessment, teaching and training, but also to theoretical studies of consecutive interpreting. To date, however, there has been little comprehensive and systematic study of meaning transfer in consecutive interpreting.
Meaning transfer is a multi-dimensional and multi-componential process. For this reason, a multidisciplinary approach is taken, integrating concepts and theories from descriptive translation studies, the interpretive theory of translation, and M.A.K Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics (SFL) with added support from a thorough empirical investigation. In specific, this takes the form of an analysis and description of Chinese government press conference interpreting, following a top-down order. First, drawing on documentary data, we analyse and describe the Social Institutional Context and Situational Context. Second, through analysing and comparing three authentic Chinese government press conference interpreting cases, we investigate the patterns of transferring Experiential, Interpersonal and Textual Meaning and their influencing variables, and explore the possible motivation for the given pattern. With reference to the Social Institutional and Situational Context, we examine and evaluate the meaning transfer patterns and identify the norms for transferring the three types of meaning. Third, various relevant influencing variables are categorized into different contexts which are used for the construction of a meaning transfer model for Experiential, Interpersonal and Textual Meaning, respectively. Finally, these three meaning transfer models are integrated into a comprehensive meaning transfer model for consecutive interpreting.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Languages and Linguistics<br>Arts, Education and Law<br>Full Text
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Ko, Leong. "Teaching interpreting by distance mode /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17664.pdf.
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Mills, Caroline Ann. "Interpreting gentrification : postindustrial, postpatriarchal, postmodern?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29245.
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The topic of gentrification is employed to carry through an argument about the theorization of geographical phenomena. The thesis argues for the revival of a critical cultural geography, in conjunction with the currently dominant perspectives on economic and social change in the geography of restructuring.
Applying the realist perspective on gentrification as a chaotic conception, a critical appraisal is made of the conventional production-oriented and consumption-oriented approaches to explaining gentrification. The "production of gentrifiers" approach, which seeks to overcome their conceptual divisions, offers a base for further work. Three levels for examinating gentrification are proposed.
First, gentrification is viewed as a conjuncture of contingent social processes. The structuration of class and gender under conditions of socioeconomic restructuring is called upon to explain changing patterns of residential choice, employing the heuristic of postindustrial class relations and postpatriarchal gender relations. An extensive statistical analysis at the urban-system scale describes the pattern of incidence of gentrification between 22 Canadian Census Metropolitan Areas. High levels of gentrification are found to occur in urban contexts indicative of the presence of a postindustrial mode of class relations and a postpatriarchal mode of gender relations.
At the second level of investigation, gentrification is treated as a context for the negotiation of social conduct. An intensive ethnographic methodology is applied in one Vancouver neighbourhood, drawing upon resident interviews. "Thick Description" draws out the strategies by which gentrifiers respond to changing socioeconomic conditions. Gentrification itself is an environmental tactic allowing them to construct workable and satisfying styles of life. The geographic context enables a complex articulation of domestic life with the public realm of work.
At the third level, which has been neglected elsewhere in the literature, gentrification is investigated as a constituent in the construction of social identity. The emergent meaning of the inner city is examined, especially with respect to gentrifiers' images of "the urban". Drawing upon the literature on landscape as text, a third heuristic—the postmodern— explores the inner city as a terrain of meaning, and the interactions of textual communities of landscape "producers" and "consumers".<br>Arts, Faculty of<br>Geography, Department of<br>Graduate
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Dillinger, Michael L. "Component processes of simultaneous interpreting." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=39215.
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The component processes specific to simultaneous interpreting and common to interpreting and listening were investigated. Experienced conference interpreters and inexperienced bilinguals performed aural-to-oral simultaneous interpreting of a narrative and a procedure from English into French and then gave a free recall of each immediately afterwards. A comparison group of bilinguals performed a simple listening task with the same materials. The texts were on an unfamiliar topic (positron emission tomography) and differed only with respect to frame type.<br>Experience showed a main effect on interpreting measures, (experienced interpreters performed more accurately), and interacted with text-structure variables that indexed proposition generation, but did not affect recall. Task did not have a main effect on recall and interacted weakly with text-structure variables. Text and Text-structure variables had very strong effects both for the interpreting and the recall measures.<br>The results were viewed as evidence that interpreting involves the same component processes as normal listening comprehension rather than constituting a specialized comprehension skill. Analyses of text-structure variables provided evidence for influence of high-level conceptual processing and other component processes both on line and off line. Since there was no evidence that interpreting interfered with comprehension, the qualitative on-line measures possible in the interpreting task appear to be generalizable to comprehension under more usual circumstances.
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Rood, T. C. B. "Interpreting Thucydides : a narratological approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319001.
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Chenoweth, Michael. "Interpreting historical instrumental temperature records." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239054.
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Hill, Andrew. "Interpreting electroacoustic audio-visual music." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/9898.
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The basis of this research project stems from reflections upon the process of composition for electroacoustic audio-visual music. These are fixed media works in which sound and image materials are accessed, generated, explored and configured in creation of a musically informed audio-visual expression. Within the process of composition, the composer must decide how to effectively draw relationships between these time based media and their various abstract and mimetic materials. This process usually has no codified laws or structures and results in relationships that are singular to the individual artworks. The composer uses their own experience and intuition in assessing how best to associate sounds and images and they will use their own interpretation of the materials to evaluate the how successful they are in realising their intentions. But what is there to say that the interpretation made by the composer bares any resemblance to interpretations made by audiences? The current research sought to assess any trends or commonalities in how people interpret such works. Utilising a combination of empirical research, composition and scholarly study, the project investigated various theoretical approaches to interpretation and the occurrence of correlation between compositional intention and audience interpretation. Models from different theoretical disciplines were combined in order to build up a picture of the processes involved in making interpretations, and to aid in the rationalisation of empirical data. The application of three methodological approaches allowed for the topic to be considered from a diversity of perspectives, and for triangulation to take place in confirmation of the research outcomes. The way in which individuals build up interpretations from non-codified abstract and mimetic materials also provided a suitable case study for the critique and assessment of various theoretical approaches to interpretation. The project challenges structuralist approaches to interpretation, drawing together theoretical materials and empirical research findings in support of a post-structrualist model of interpretation that demonstrates the absolutely vital role played by context - the framing of the artwork in the consciousness of the individual audience member.
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Broderick, Jane Tingle, and D. White. "Playing, Observing, Documenting, & Interpreting." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4228.
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Conti, Alberto. "Interpreting the properties of galaxies /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488203158828577.
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Conocimiento, Dirección de Gestión del. "Guía de acceso para Interpreting." John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/655318.
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Lessing, R. Reed. "Interpreting discontinuity Isaiah's Tyre oracle /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001.
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Lessing, Reed. "Interpreting discontinuity Isaiah's Tyre oracle /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Leonard, Jessica Lynn. "Interpreting the Lemuria as Pietas." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2317.
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The Roman idea of pietas was an important value during the Augustan revival of Rome in the first century. Ovid wrote about a unique ritual in the poem Fasti that focused on piety towards ancestors called Lemuria. The original meaning of the Lemuria ritual has changed through the centuries by the power of the Christian Church and modern Christian bias. The anachronistic language used in the translations of Ovid’s Fasti and the choice of words that historians have used to interpret it portrays the Lemuria in an occult-like expulsive way. The Lemuria is not comparable to Christian ritual as some have understood it. The Lemuria is simply a ritual of pietas, and Ovid’s version was to promote popular Roman moral values such as piety while gaining favor with Emperor Augustus.
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Liu, Xiao Dong. "How do interpreting patterns implicate neurocognitive processing routes? evidence from English vs Chinese consecutive interpreting." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3959193.
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Kilian, Sanja. "Interpreting practices in a psychiatric hospital : interpreters' experiences and accuracy of interpreting of key psychiatric terms." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1067.
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Bowey, Janet Elizabeth. "Interpreting the 10μm astronomical silicate feature". Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1998. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20136/.
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10μm spectra of silicate dust in the diffuse medium towards Cyg 0B2 no. 12 and towards field and embedded objects in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC) were obtained with CGS3 at the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT). Cold molecular-cloud silicates are sampled in quiescent lines of sight towards the field stars Taurus-Elias 16 and Elias 13, whilst observations of the embedded young stellar objects HL Tau, Taurus-Elias 7 (Haro6-10) and Elias 18 also include emission from heated dust. To obtain the foreground silicate absorption profiles, featureless continua are estimated using smoothed astronomical and laboratory silicate emissivities. TMC field stars and Cyg 0B2 no. 12 are modelled as photospheres reddened by foreground continuum and silicate extinction. Dust emissidn in the non-photospheric continua of ilL Tau and Elias 7 (ilaro6-10) is distinguished from foreground silicate absorption using a 10pm disk model, based on the IR-submm model of T Tauri stars by Adams, Lada & Shu (1988), with terms added to represent the foreground continuum and silicate extinction. The absorption profiles of HL Tau and Elias 7 are similar to that of the field star Elias 16. Fitted temperature indices of 0.43 (ilL Tau) and 0.33 (Elias 7) agree with Boss' (1996) theoretical models of the 200-300K region, but are lower than those of IR-submm disks (0.5-0.61; Mannings& Emerson 1994); the modelled 10pm emission of HL Tau is optically thin; that of Elias 7 is optically thick. A preliminary arcsecond-resolution determination of the 10pm emissivity near 91 Ori D in the Trapezium region of Orion and a range of emission temperatures (225- 310K) are derived from observations by T. L. Hayward; this Ney-Allen emissivity is 0.61im narrower than the Trapezium emissivity obtained by Forrest et al. (1975) with a large aperture. Published interstellar grain models, elemental abundances and laboratory studies of Solar System silicates (IDPs, GEMS and meteorites), the 10pm spectra of comets, interstellar silicates, synthetic silicates and terrestrial minerals, and the effects of laboratory processing on the 10pm spectra of crystalline and amorphous silicates are reviewed to provide insight into the mineralogy of interstellar silicate dust. The wavelengths of the peaks of the 10pm silicate profiles decrease between circumstellar, diffuse medium and molecular-cloud environments, indicating (after Giirtler & Henning 1986) that the amorphous pyroxene content of initially olivine-rich interstellar dust increases with time. This is accompanied by an increase in the FWHM of the features which indicates an increase in grain size and/or an increasing fraction of chemically-varied crystalline pyroxene. Fine structure in the Cyg 0132 no. 12, Elias 16, Elias 7, HL Tau profiles indicate that hydrated layer silicates similar to terrestrial serpentines, clays and talc may be a ubiquitous component of interstellar dust. At 10pm the narrow bands of mixed crystalline pyroxenes blend, making their identification difficult. Since no fine structure is observed near 11.2pm, the fraction of crystalline olivine is small. In geology direct olivine-plus-Si0 2 to pyroxene reactions occur only at high pressure within the terrestrial mantle. Therefore the fraction of amorphous pyroxene is probably increased by the hydration of Mg-rich olivine to form a serpentine-like hydrated silicate, which is subsequently annealed to form a mixture of amorphous pyroxene and olivine. Terrestrial and laboratory olivine samples are readily converted to serpentine in the presence of water, and (after extended annealing) the first crystalline band to appear is the 11.2pm olivine feature frequently observed in cometary spectra.
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Rooney, Joshua W. "Institutional Development: Interpreting the Russian Case." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1549.
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A fundamental question to both historians and development economists is why countries today are able to reach and maintain such starkly different economic outcomes. Popular explanations include geographic and climatological features, short-term policy decisions, and economic institutions. This paper looks at the importance of violence and social pressure in the transformation and conservation of political and economic institutions in Russia. It finds that several major historical legacies including serfdom, Mongol dominance, Orthodoxy, and authoritarianism significantly influence both the past a present institutional setting. Furthermore, such legacies have proven to be major obstructions to the emergence of economic liberalism.
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Kesar, Shalinie. "Interpreting computer fraud committed by employees." Thesis, University of Salford, 2005. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26756/.
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This research provides a "rich insight'' into the management of Information Systems (IS) security within the context of computer fraud committed by employees. It argues that management within organisations can impact the understanding of employees (at low-level positions) as to what is 'acceptable" practice when abiding by IS security policies and procedures. Therefore, the growing problem of computer fraud does not occur because of "bad people', but rather because of IS security loopholes within the organisation. Such loopholes can create 'suitable opportunities' where employees may find that the rewards of committing an act are higher than the chances of being caught. This research departs from the traditional functionalist view and approaches the problem of computer fraud from a socio-technical perspective to employ an interpretive research approach. This constitutes a major contribution to IS security studies. It uses the Crime Specific Opportunity Structure model from criminology, as the conceptual framework for initial data collection of the single embedded case study. The findings of the case study (at Technology Corporation) suggest that perceptions of IS security held by employees at high-level positions influence how employees at low-level positions comply with IS security guidelines. To illustrate this argument, this research introduces the notion of "Shared Responsibility" from victimology to reduce the gap between "espoused theory' and 'theory-in-use'. Although, there were no 'reported' cases of computer fraud committed by employees in Technology Corporation, implications are drawn on the role management's perceptions about IS security play in the context of facilitation, precipitation and provocation and consequently, a working environment created where k suitable opportunities' may exist for employees to commit computer fraud (input type in particular).
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Empie, Laurel E. "Measuring and interpreting civil engineering vibrations." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21430.
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Shelley, Bryan Keith. "The interpreting angel : Shelley and scripture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329000.
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Berard, Carlota. "The audience experience : interpreting mystifying performance." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501224.
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I have undertaken former studies and practice as a visual artist, in creation (poi sis), creative expression (expression creatrice) and expressive art therapy (art therapie expressive). My previous research on the multi-disciplinary performance, of Sergei Diaghilev's ballet. Petrushka that represents one example of the Russian Commedia dell'Arte masked tradition, awoke an interest in creating a form of performance art that aimed to mystify the audience by diverse forms of concealment or masking during the performance. This thesis is concerned with the audience experience of interpreting mystifying performance art. My research will be approached by applying the Gadamerian practical philosophy of hermeneutics i.e. interpretation through a dialogue or conversation, which involves question and answer, in order to achieve an understanding. I will conclude with the idea that understanding, in hermeneutical terms and as a result of an interpretation, seems to appear not definitive. The implication of this idea questions if there is such thing as understanding a mystifying performance art?
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Robinson, David Edward Ashdown. "Interpreting modal natural deduction as resolution." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515225.
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This thesis studies deduction systems for modal logics and the relation between them. Natural deduction systems give proofs that are close to human reasoning but are not well suited to automation while refutation systems are well suited to automation but inference steps are not close to human informal reasoning. This thesis will introduce a natural deduction calculus with a resolution rule that gives a good framework for simulating different calculi and studying their properties. We show that this calculus is able to directly simulate a tableau calculus for modal logic using two different search strategies. We then introduce an ordered hyperresolution calculus for modal logic K using a structural transformation to preserve structure of input formulae. We show that there is a mapping from derivations in the ordered hyperresolution calculus to derivations in the natural deduction calculus and a further mapping in the other direction. The hyperresolution calculus is a standard calculus and we show that it is therefore possible to automatically generate proofs dose to human reasoning using already existing, fast theorem provers. We give extensions of the structural transformation to a number of extensions of K and show that the mappings in both directions still hold. Since we have two simulations in a common framework, the relation between the tableau and resolution simulation are considered.
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Gusmão, Arthur Colombini. "Interpreting embedding models of knowledge bases." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-04022019-094854/.
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Knowledge bases are employed in a variety of applications, from natural language processing to semantic web search; alas, in practice, their usefulness is hurt by their incompleteness. To address this issue, several techniques aim at performing knowledge base completion, of which embedding models are efficient, attain state-of-the-art accuracy, and eliminate the need for feature engineering. However, embedding models predictions are notoriously hard to interpret. In this work, we propose model-agnostic methods that allow one to interpret embedding models by extracting weighted Horn rules from them. More specifically, we show how the so-called \"pedagogical techniques\", from the literature on neural networks, can be adapted to take into account the large-scale relational aspects of knowledge bases, and show experimentally their strengths and weaknesses.<br>Bases de conhecimento apresentam diversas aplicações, desde processamento de linguagem natural a pesquisa semântica da web; contudo, na prática, sua utilidade é prejudicada por não serem totalmente completas. Para solucionar esse problema, diversas técnicas focam em completar bases de conhecimento, das quais modelos de embedding são eficientes, atingem estado da arte em acurácia, e eliminam a necessidade de fazer-se engenharia de características dos dados de entrada. Entretanto, as predições dos modelos de embedding são notoriamente difíceis de serem interpretadas. Neste trabalho, propomos métodos agnósticos a modelo que permitem interpretar modelos de embedding através da extração de regras Horn ponderadas por pesos dos mesmos. Mais espeficicamente, mostramos como os chamados \"métodos pedagógicos\", da literatura de redes neurais, podem ser adaptados para lidar com os aspectos relacionais e de larga escala de bases de conhecimento, e mostramos experimentalmente seus pontos fortes e fracos.
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Chen, Long. "Interpreting Gödel : historical and philosophical perspectives." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interpreting-goedel(6729921d-2ef6-4e8e-aef3-4223f971dc27).html.
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The main project of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive examination of Gödel’s philosophy of mathematics and logic, in defence of his Platonism and the idea of mathematical intuition. The whole work is considered to be partly historical, explaining Gödel's ideas and arguments in comparison with his contemporaries such as Carnap, Russell, Turing and Hilbert; partly mathematical, relying especially on his incompleteness theorem to refute certain philosophical positions; and partly philosophical, shedding light on debates in current discussions of philosophy of mathematics and logic such as the nature of paradoxes, the indispensability argument, the feasibility of formalism, etc. After the introduction, chapter one deals with Gödel’s critique and refutation of Carnap’s syntactical view of mathematics, which interprets mathematics purely in terms of linguistic rules of symbols, and thus void of content. Chapter two discusses Gödel’s criticism of Russell’s constructivistic view towards logic, especially his no-class theory and the vicious circle principle. Chapter three turns attention to Gödel’s role in the development of computability theory, using it as a case study for conceptual analysis and tries to reconcile the apparent conflict concerning Gödel’s remarks on Turing, who gave a “precise and adequate definition” of mechanical computability and yet committed “a philosophical error” in his argument. The last chapter focuses on Gödel’s relation to Hilbert, especially the relation of his incompleteness theorems for Hilbert’s finitary consistency proof program and the significance of Gödel’s serious engagement with finitism. The thread uniting all the discussions in the chapters is the idea of the incompletability or inexhaustibility of mathematics by pure formalism and the indispensability of abstract concepts and a kind of mathematical intuition in providing a satisfactory foundation for mathematics and in enabling the human mind to surpass any particular mechanism, which Gödel himself considered to be the major philosophical conclusion to be drawn from his logical results.
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Borges-Rivera, Diego (Diego Ramon). "Interpreting the genome physically in-silico." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113967.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2017.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Thesis without Abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-85).<br>Introduction - The biological sciences have recently experienced an explosion of data unparalleled in any field, we can now survey with high accuracy, coverage and at high throughput the three key components of the cell: RNA, DNA and Amino Acids. This wealth of data has produced vast numbers of correlational studies, such as Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and differential gene expression studies, but with this vast amount of data it quickly became extremely difficult, if not impossible, to digest it in a fruitful manner. Currently we can take small snippets of this whole body of data and, using specialized tools and knowledge, ask relatively simple questions. In order for the community at large to truly take advantage of the explosion of biological data now being produced we require a computing platform which is powerful, lightweight, interoperable, highly reproducible and pliable which has the capability to start from raw sequencing data, adapt, and carry the analysis all the way to designing the plasmid to transfect an organism. Although building such a platform is possible, it would only be able to guide biologists in a useful manner if they themselves are able to understand, edit, and ask questions from it. In order for this to occur we must employ a physical hierarchical model of the cell based on the underlying mechanisms within the nucleus which carry out the genetic program. If we base our model on the underlying physical reality we are able to expose the user to a subset of the hierarchies while remaining intuitive, allowing a biologist to traverse vast amounts of data and make physically informed predictions quickly.<br>by Diego Borges-Rivera.<br>S.M.
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Banerjee, Jayanti Veronique. "Interpreting and using proficiency test scores." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418456.
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This thesis focuses on the use of English language proficiency test scores in the university admissions process for non-native speakers of English. This use of English language proficiency test scores asswnes that a non-native speaker of English whose language proficiency is below a certain level will not be able to cope with the linguistic demands of studying in English and is, therefore, less likely to be successful in obtaining his/her degree. This assumption raises the question of the extent to which students' initial language proficiency detennines their eventual perfonnance on the degree course for which they register. The thesis surveys the advice provided to university admissions personnel on how to use language proficiency test scores in making admissions decisions and describes previous attempts to establish the link between language proficiency and academic success including the preliminary study for this thesis - often called predictive validity studies. All these studies have been disappointing hut the preliminary study suggests a potentially interesting variable, that of 'cost'. This is defined as the additional time and effort students need to expend in order to cope with their studies, over and above the time and effort a native-speaker might have to expend to achieve the same result.Drawing on developments in validity theory, the thesis also suggests that predictive validity studies are out of date. It argues that what is needed is a closer examination of how admissions decisions are made in order to understand better how test results are being interpreted and used as well as of the relationship between language proficiency and the incidence of 'cost' in a student's study experience. The main study adopts an ethnographic approach, first interviewing the relevant admissions personnel for two postgraduate degree courses at Lancaster University. It then follows up the study experience of 25 volunteer non-native speaker students registered on the selected degrees, showing in particular the relationship between the admissions personnel's initial judgement of their language proficiency and the 'cost' these students experienced during their degrees.
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Gillett, John Roland. "Title sequence : the self-interpreting artwork." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/193307/.
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Marlow, Gregory. "Week 06, Video 03: Interpreting Curves." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/digital-animation-videos-oer/43.
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Ginder, Brittany. "Interpreting Invisibility: In Defense of Regan." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3431.
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Most scholarship regarding Shakespeare’s King Lear rests on the analysis of Lear and Cordelia, with the odd reference to the eldest daughter, Goneril, and brief homages to the Gloucester subplot. Lear’s middle daughter, Regan, is rarely mentioned at all, unless it is in conjunction with one of her more scholastically popular sisters. Within these marginalized moments of notice, Regan is routinely simplified as being just another sinful sister, fitting nicely into the accepted binaries of good and evil outlined within the play. Despite the fact that most binaries, like characters, are flawed, Regan has been given little to no chance to be absolved of her supposed offenses. By looking at Regan through the lenses of a theatrical character study and also as a subject of iconography within the realms of classical art, film, graphic novels, and the stage, I aim to prove that Regan, despite her consistent relegation to the shadows, is a three-dimensional character who has simply been dealt a difficult hand by her creator.
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Xiang, Yimei. "Interpreting Questions with Non-Exhaustive Answers." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493278.
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This dissertation investigates a variety of issues on question semantics, especially the interpretations of mention-some questions, multiple-wh questions, and questions with quantifiers.
Chapter 1 discusses some basic issues on question semantics. I define question roots as topical properties, which can supply propositional answers and nominal short answers. But distinct from traditional categorial approaches, I treat wh-items as existential quantifiers, which can be shifted into domain restrictors. Moreover, I argue that the quantificational domain of a plural or number-neutral wh-item is polymorphic: it consists of not only individuals but also generalized conjunctions and disjunctions.
Chapter 2 and 3 are centered on the interpretations of mention-some questions. Showing that the availability of mention-some should be grammatically restricted, I attribute the mention-some/mention-all ambiguity to structural variations within the question nucleus. The variations include (i) the scope ambiguity of the higher-order wh-trace and (ii) the absence/presence of a null dou. Further, I solve the dilemma between uniqueness and mention-some by allowing the short answers to be interpreted with wide scope.
Chapter 4 investigates the role of false answers in interpreting indirect questions. I focus on the following two facts: first, FA-sensitivity is involved in interpreting mention-some questions; second, FA-sensitivity is concerned with all types of false answers, not just those that can be complete. These facts challenge the current dominant view that FA-sensitivity is derived by exhaustifications.
In Chapter 5 and 6, I turn to multiple-wh questions and questions with quantifiers.
Chapter 5 presents a function-based analysis for the pair-list readings of multi-wh questions. Crucially, contra the dominant view, I argue that these readings are NOT subject to domain exhaustivity. Chapter 6 explores two approaches to quantifying-into question effects, namely a higher-order question approach and a function-based approach. Both approaches manage to treat quantifying-into question as regular quantification.
Chapter 7 presents a uniform treatment for the seemingly diverse functions of the Mandarin particle dou. I argue that dou is a pre-exhaustification exhaustifier that operates on sub-alternatives. This chapter provides a baseline theory for the derivation of disjunctive mention-all.<br>Linguistics
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Aletras, Nikolaos. "Interpreting document collections with topic models." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7484/.
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This thesis concerns topic models, a set of statistical methods for interpreting the contents of document collections. These models automatically learn sets of topics from words frequently co-occurring in documents. Topics learned often represent abstract thematic subjects, i.e Sports or Politics. Topics are also associated with relevant documents. These characteristics make topic models a useful tool for organising large digital libraries. Hence, these methods have been used to develop browsing systems allowing users to navigate through and identify relevant information in document collections by providing users with sets of topics that contain relevant documents. First, we look at the problem of identifying incoherent topics. We show that our methods work better than previously proposed approaches. Next, we propose novel methods for efficiently identifying semantically related topics which can be used for topic recommendation. Finally, we look at the problem of alternative topic representations to topic keywords. We propose approaches that provide textual or image labels which assist in topic interpretability. We also compare different topic representations within a document browsing system.
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Mollica, Caitlin. "Interpreting Youth Representation in Transitional Justice." Thesis, Griffith University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/380576.
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The political agency of young people has been increasingly acknowledged within the practice and
scholarship on peace and conflict. Recognition that young people have agency denotes a
normative shift in the beliefs of the international community with respect to the capacity and
position of young people in conflict. This is significant as these beliefs about young people in
conflict inform their interactions during post conflict reconstruction. Since the almost unanimous
ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), post conflict practices
have sought to recognise the active and influential role of young people in conflict and transitional
justice. The voices of child soldiers, in particular, occupy a prominent place in the development
of post conflict practices as states aim to employ mechanisms that are more inclusive and
representative of a diverse range of experiences. These developments in practice, which derived
from shifts in the beliefs of stakeholders with respect to the impact of conflict on children, have
resulted in increased focus on their needs and experiences within international relations
scholarship. The distinct voices of youth however, despite a few notable exceptions in the
peacebuilding scholarship, remain largely excluded from the discussion, particularly in the
transitional justice field. The same is true within the practice of transitional justice, as an
overreliance on the CRC has produced conditions where the distinct agency of youth is either
misrepresented or overlooked. One of the most significant challenges facing contemporary
transitional justice practices, therefore, is how to reconcile the dilemma that has emerged
between normative and external representations of youth and the distinct stories told by youth
about their experiences.
Where truth and reconciliation processes are concerned, growing acceptance amongst the
international community and in transitional states of the importance of reflecting the diverse and
unique stories and beliefs of youth presents a unique challenge, particularly in the reporting
stage. The widely-held belief that Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) processes are
inclusive and representative of voices traditionally excluded from retributive approaches to
transitional justice is often tested by the meaningful engagement of youth. Indeed, the broader
focus on political reconciliation in TRCs, which prioritises community reconciliation over the
restoration of interpersonal relationships, produces a framework for the development of conflict
narratives that silences youth whose stories do not fit expectations and beliefs of how young
people should experience conflict and participate in transitional justice. While youth are
increasingly active participants in the TRC processes of transitional states, their voices continue
to be silenced in favour of more conventional beliefs about young people. This is evident in the
final reports of TRCs, which demonstrate the persistence of broad, generalised assumptions and
binary depictions in their representations of the conflict experiences of young people. In doing
so, the reporting stages of TRCs perpetuate conditions that deny youth agency and ownership
over their conflict stories.
Drawing on the cases of South Africa, Sierra Leone and the Solomon Islands, my thesis
examines how TRCs have engaged with youth and represented their stories. I argue that despite
significant developments in the visibility of youth in TRC processes, a tension persists between
external beliefs about youth and the self-reflections of youth. This tension is problematic as it
produces a dilemma for states engaged in the process of reconciliation, particularly those
attempting to create a formal record of conflict. I suggest that how youth are represented in the
institutional mechanisms of transitional justice has a significant impact on our capacity to
understand their experiences of conflict and to adequately address their post-conflict needs. This
has implications for how we engage with marginalised stakeholder’s more broadly in
reconciliation processes, as it demonstrates the importance of meaningful engagement and interpersonal reconciliation.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Govt & Int Relations<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Rosenthal, James Erik. "Interpreting "Green" Design in Old Buildings." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720312.
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