Tesis sobre el tema "Interprétations physiques"
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Baillères, Henri. "Précontraintes de croissance et propriétés mécano-physiques de clones d'eucalyptus (Pointe-Noire, Congo) : hétérogénéités, corrélations et interprétations histologiques". Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10521.
Texto completoThe study contributes to the determination of technological characterisation protocols for eucalyptus wood planting. To this end the following clear wood properties are analysed: longitudinal elastic modulus, fracture energy in RL plane, tangential and longitudinal shrinkages, and longitudinal residual strains of maturation. The latter, measured at the stem periphery, leads to growth stresses. The vegetable material of the study is composed of hybrid clones of eucalyptus (Congo, Africa) Spatiotemporal variations of properties were studied, as well as the correlations between these properties. The three main causes of heterogeneity within tree are: the transition from the juvenile wood to the mature wood, the tension wood formation and the proximity of green branches. For the five studied properties some significant differences between the distributions or the means of the measured values for the various clones examined were noticed. The analysis of the chemical (content and monomeric composition of liginins) or ultrastructural (microfibril angle) variations of wood allows to interpret the observed coreelations. Finally, at time of the crosscutting, end splits occurs; their proportion is correlated to the mean of the longitudinal residual strains of maturation measured in the vicinity of the end face. This proportion depends also on the material fissility and would seem to be different from a clone another
Hbiriq, Abderrahmane. "Interprétation des objectifs pédagogiques généraux de l'éducation physique et opérationnalisation de ces objectifs par des éducateurs physiques de Casablanca". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29321.
Texto completoFawaz, Ahmad. "Optimisation topologique basée sur la méthode de densité des échangeurs de chaleur à plaques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU4028.
Texto completoHeat exchangers (HXs) play a critical role in various energy systems, which can largely influence their overall efficiency. Most recently, the interest in the topology optimization (TO) for heat transfer problems is growing rapidly, which can derive innovative thermal designs. Therefore, the present thesis investigates the utility of the density-based TO for dual-flow HX unit with narrow design domain, along with CFD (computational fluid dynamics) and experimental verifications. A convergent-divergent (C-D) design of fins is acquired using a topology generator (TG), of which efficacy can be proven by the CFD simulations, despite an identified deficiency in the velocity field of the TG-derived topology. Furthermore, upon the resolution of this deficiency, a new topology has been acquired by allocating the generated solids in proximity to the adiabatic boundaries for maximizing the thermo-hydraulic performance of the HX unit with moderate conductive material. High fidelity numerical approaches are employed to examine the efficacy of this new design through a comparative analysis with a benchmark case, and experiments are conducted to validate the numerical results. Both numerical and experimental approaches demonstrate that the TO-derived HX unit has the best thermohydraulic performance, reflecting its feasibility in practice. Furthermore, detailed physical interpretations are delivered to analyze the underlying physics behind the obtained topologies
Spaak, Claude Vishnu. "Interprétations phénoménologiques de la Physique d'Aristote chez Heidegger et Patočka". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040171.
Texto completoThis thesis confronts the Heideggerian and Patočkian interpretations of the fundamental concepts of Aristotelian Physics. Both interpretations share a point in common: according to Heidegger and Patočka, Aristotle conceives movement as a fundamental ontological determination of Being. Indeed, movement (κίνησις/μεταβολή) is conceived by Aristotle as a process of unconcealment, of coming into presence of entities in the openness of manifest being. Nevertheless, Heidegger and Patočka disagree on the way that one should understand the meaning of this ontological movement at the core of nature (φύσις). This thesis is entirely dedicated to examining these differences. Our aim is to show, through Heidegger’s and Patočka’s interpretations of Aristotle, that there are two distinct and by all means opposed conceptions of the meaning and status of phenomenological ontology itself. This thesis concludes both to Heidegger’s philosophical idealism, and to Patočka’s contrary attempt to build a cosmological realism that challenges to a certain extent the identity between Being and meaning. In the working out of this thesis, a very particular focus is drawn on the concept that concentrates the entire charge of the tension, i.e. the concept of matter (ὕλη)
Le, Noxaïc Armand. "L'idée de vide de l'antiquité à nos jours : histoire et interprétations". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010622.
Texto completoNugues, Pierre. "Interprétation de gels d'électrophorèses bidimensionnelles". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10226.
Texto completoKeita, Boubacar. "Production et interprétation de dessins en perspective dans l'enseignement de la physique au premier cycle universitaire". Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077143.
Texto completoRobles, Alfredo. "La vidéo comme support didactique en physique : interprétation microscopique d'un phénomène macroscopique : la propagation du son". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10178.
Texto completoPoan, Dazangwendé Emmanuel. "Documentation et interprétation physique de la variabilité intrasaisonnière de la mousson africaine; application à la prévision". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0121/document.
Texto completoThe West African monsoon rainfall experiences a large spatial and temporal variability. In this thesis, a focus has been given on the synoptic to intra-seasonal scales which can lead to dramatic socio-economic consequences over Sahelian areas. The main goal is, on the one hand, to document and hence to better understand the physics associated with such scales of variability, and on the other hand, to provide some useful tools to improve short to medium ranges forecast skill over Africa. Over the Sahel, the supply of humidity is a key feature in the rainfall distribution and mostly a limiting factor to the initiation of deep convection. Therefore, the current study is based on the total column integrated specific humidity, also called precipitable water, to disentangle the important physics involved in the monsoon intra-seasonal variability and more specifically on the synoptic scale. African Easterly Waves (AEW), also known as the main synoptic scale disturbances of the Western African atmosphere during the boreal summer, have been detected and characterized from this "moist" perspective. This study then provides a new approach for studying the coupling between AEW and convection. A joint assessment of both dynamic and diabatic contributions to the AEW growth has been undertaken. Dynamics is, through the baroclinic and barotropic energy transport, a precursor and a predominant mechanism in the layer below the African easterly jet. However, since convection is enhancing, diabatic processes become accounting for a crucial role in the atmospheric circulation through the release of heat as well as the humidity sink. Meanwhile, subgrid convective scale eddies transport a large part of the horizontal momentum, from the surface to the mid-levels. This enhances the midtroposheric cyclonic/anticyclonic circulation of the AEW. Finally, this process-based analysis of the coupling between dynamics and convection provides some useful tools for model assessment and improvement over Africa
Bernes, Alain. "Transitions et relaxations diélectriques dans le polystyrène amorphe : interprétation microstructurale". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30122.
Texto completoDormoy, Jean-Luc. "Résolution qualitative : complétude, interprétation physique et contrôleMise en œuvre dans un langage à base de règles : Boojum". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066342.
Texto completoZbiri, Karim. "Interprétation du phénomène de la multifragmentation autour de 100 MeV / nucléon". Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2031.
Texto completoThe nuclear multifragmentation is a complex process observed in nucleus-nucleus and proton-nucleus collisions, during which one attends the production of fragments with various masses. This phenomenon was connected for a long time to a phase transition of nuclear matter of the type liquid-gas, its study is important to understand the atomic nucleus behaviour. In this way many experiments was carried out with the 4p detector INDRA in the research centre GSI at Darmstadt in Germany. The goal of my thesis is to compare the data obtained with existing models, so that initially to validate these models and then in the second time understand and extract the mechanisms behind the multifragmentation of nuclei
Zaganidis, Nicolas. "Mesure de l'énergie transverse manquante dans l'expérience UA1 : quelques interprétations possibles et leurs perspectives". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112394.
Texto completoHenn, François. "Contribution à une approche théorique de la conduction entre états localisés : interprétation des mouvements ioniques dans quelques solides". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20306.
Texto completoLagrois, Dominic. "Un regard sur l'évolution dynamique des régions HII géantes : interprétation des mouvements du gaz ionisé". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26303/26303.pdf.
Texto completoAntariksawan, Anhar Riza. "Interaction thermique acier inoxydable fondu-eau sur l'installation SEIZIES : analyse et interprétation". Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0038.
Texto completoKouadio, Kouassi. "Mesure et interprétation de la réflectivité radar différentielle à 35GHz dans les nuages froids". Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30181.
Texto completoSouchard, Bertrand. "Aristote, de la physique à la métaphysique, réceptivité et causalité". Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOL004.
Texto completoBruned, Vianney. "Analyse statistique et interprétation automatique de données diagraphiques pétrolières différées à l’aide du calcul haute performance". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS064.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we investigate the automation of the identification and the characterization of geological strata using well logs. For a single well, geological strata are determined thanks to the segmentation of the logs comparable to multivariate time series. The identification of strata on different wells from the same field requires correlation methods for time series. We propose a new global method of wells correlation using multiple sequence alignment algorithms from bioinformatics. The determination of the mineralogical composition and the percentage of fluids inside a geological stratum results in an ill-posed inverse problem. Current methods are based on experts’ choices: the selection of a subset of mineral for a given stratum. Because of a model with a non-computable likelihood, an approximate Bayesian method (ABC) assisted with a density-based clustering algorithm can characterize the mineral composition of the geological layer. The classification step is necessary to deal with the identifiability issue of the minerals. At last, the workflow is tested on a study case
Cabanes, Cécile. "Les variations du niveau moyen global et régional de la mer : observation par altimétrie satellitale et marégraphie, analyse et interprétation physique". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30237.
Texto completoGilbert, Cédric. "Instrumentation hyperfréquence pour l'étude de cinétiques de réactions biochimiques en présence d'un champ électromagnétique de forte intensité : interprétation physique des résultats". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066088.
Texto completoVareille, Aymeric. "Étude expérimentale, simulation et interprétation des données du détecteur Nemo 2 : application à la décroissance BétaBeta2nu du 100Mo". Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10505.
Texto completoAmezian, Koutaïba. "Interprétation théorique des phénomènes de capture électronique dans la collision O6+ + He à l'aide des méthodes AB-initio de la physique quantique". Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10003.
Texto completoThuillet, Florian. "Modélisation des processus d’impact et de surface des petits corps : interprétation des observations, implications sur leurs propriétés physiques, et support aux opérations des missions spatiales". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4074.
Texto completoThis thesis aims for a better understanding of the dynamics of regolith in a low-gravity environment through numerical simulations. It is incorporated within the framework and operations of two sample-return missions towards near-Earth asteroids, JAXA’s Hayabusa2 and NASA’s OSIRIS-REx. The simulations were performed with the numerical N-body code pkdgrav adapted to model the interactions with granular medium. Comparing the results of low-speed impact experiments in glass beads with numerical simulations, great agreements were found, demonstrating the validity of these simulations to this application. The form of the Coulomb force (friction force opposing the penetration) was also derived and seems to go from constant to proportional to penetration depth for an increasing size or impactor-grain size ratio. Moreover, inclined plane simulations were also conducted to investigate the relations between parameters of pkdgrav and the continuum approach using a constitutive law μ(I) relating the friction parameter and inertial number. For a moderate friction, such a relation can be established; however, the discrepancies between methods in the velocity profiles are too large for high-friction materials such as gravel. Concerning the Hayabusa2 mission, after a brief analysis of Ryugu’s geophysics are presented the studies on CNES-DLR MASCOT lander and on the sampling mechanism. MASCOT simulations were performed in order to better understand the impact response of the lander on assumed surface granular materials, and to support the engineering team in the landing site selection and the interpretation of landing outcome. Among the results is the increase in the distance traveled after impact for shallower beds, more-grazing impacts, higher-friction materials, and with MASCOT landing on its back corner. It is also shown that the post-impact traces left by MASCOT depend on the lander’s attitude and the surface friction properties. Furthermore, additional simulations were performed with a boulder and a side wall, to model the actual landing context. These lead to the realization that outgoing-to-incoming speed ratios as low as 0.3 could be due to microbounces (quick succession of contacts), and not necessarily to a soft surface/boulder. Then is presented a numerical study of Hayabusa2 sampling, firstly without the modeling of the structure of the sampler, to derive general results on impact cratering in low gravity on a granular material and compare them to the literature. For instance, it was found that streamlines in the bed are well represented by the analytical Z-model, and that the ejecta quantity seems to scale with the impact velocity. With the horn, the majority of simulations fulfill the scientific objective of collecting at least 100 mg. Finally are introduced the OSIRIS-REx mission and its target (101955) Bennu. Two phenomena observed on the asteroid, i.e., particle ejections and terraces, are treated as applications of previous chapters. Some particle ejections can potentially be explained by re-impacts of particles after a first ejection, modeled with an adaptation of MASCOT simulations. In addition, using inclined planes, a preliminary study aims at understanding the formation of terraces on Bennu. To conclude, a large range of simulations of granular material dynamics in different conditions were performed and applied to Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx results and devices. However, the results and associated developed numerical tools are general enough to be applied to future missions devoted to small body exploration and interaction, such as the JAXA MMX mission to Phobos and ESA Hera/NASA DART asteroid deflection missions
Lonjou, Vincent. "L'annihilation des positrons galactiques : analyse et interprétation des données INTEGRAL". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011121.
Texto completoCette thèse s'ouvre sur l'étude de la partie centrale de SPI: son plan de détection. La procédure de calibration en énergie ainsi que l'étude de la dégradation des détecteurs sont reportées. Par la suite, une étude approfondie du bruit de fond instrumental permet d'utiliser SPI dans les meilleures conditions. Le traitement des données aboutit alors à des cartes du ciel et des spectres avec une précision inégalée. Pour finir, les contributions des diverses sources potentielles de positrons galactiques sont confrontées aux résultats obtenus.
Rousseau, Batiste. "Étude de la composition et des propriétés physiques de surface de la comète 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko : interprétation des données VIRTIS/Rosetta etmesure en réflectance d’analogues cométaires". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEO018/document.
Texto completoDuring the Solar System formation, 4.6 billion years ago, comets accreted materials which have been transformed according to the physical and dynamical conditions of the accretion disk but also a part of components coming from the interstellar medium. By preserving a primordial composition, the study of comets allows us to better understand the conditions of the proto-planetary disk surrounding the young Sun of an epoch which is now inaccessible. Moreover, it consists also to understand the various comets populations, their formation process, dynamical and activity evolution as they inward and outward the Sun or their structure.The ESA/Rosetta mission followed the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko during two years. A ten of instruments has been dedicated to the study of the evolution of its activity, gas release, surface morphology, dust and other objectives. VIRTIS is a visible/infrared spectrometer instrument. It is composed of VIRTIS-M, an imaging spectrometer which gives access to spatial information with moderate spectral resolution and VIRTIS-H, a point spectrometer with a higher spectral resolution. This study is based on the data analysis of VIRTIS instruments and is divided into two parts focused on the study of the nucleus surface.The first part is an analysis of the spectral and photometric parameters: albedo, spectral slope, the main direction of the light diffusion by particles, macroscopic roughness. In a global study, I highlighted the spatial variations of albedo and spectral slope; compared results derived from different models as well as from both instruments. Then, I determined these parameters locally, revealing differences between two types of terrains. This approach allows to better understand the mechanisms linked to the activity (dust drop-off/uprising, space weathering, ice content variation) and also to the surface properties (composition, texture).The second goal of the thesis is to reproduce in the laboratory the observations realized by VIRTIS to give constraints on the composition and texture of the surface. In collaboration with IPAG (Grenoble, France) I led experiments consisting of the production of very fine powders made of materials which look like those we suspect to be present on the nucleus of 67P: organic matter (mimicked by a coal), silicates (olivine) and iron sulfides (pyrite and pyrrhotite) are all observed on comets or their analogues. I ground them to micrometric to nanometric scales and I realized reflectance measurements in the same spectral range than VIRTIS. Then, I have been able to observe effects caused by the variations of the grain size, composition or texture of the mixture and to highlight combinations reproducing the mean comet VIRTIS spectrum. Finally, this work enables us understanding the influence of material poorly studied such as iron sulfides as well as the spectral behaviour of powders composed of grain sizes reaching an order of magnitude close to the wavelengths, which is essential in the study of cometary surfaces
Dufour, Claude. "Interprétation du spectre électronique des monohalogénures de cuivre : transferts rotationnels induits par collisions inélastiques entre la molécule CaF (A2[Pi]) et les gaz rares". Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10082.
Texto completoLiu, Taogen. "Étude expérimentale et interprétation micro-mécanique du comportement mécanique des argiles synthétiques". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10087/document.
Texto completoClayey rock, constituted by such minerals as clay, quartz and calcite, etc., is a typical porous medium under investigation worldwide in petroleum engineering, underground waste storage and mining science. It is important to characterize the clayey rocks by multi-scale approaches since its mechanical behavior and physical properties are closely related to its microstructure and mineralogical compositions. The present thesis is devoted to micromechanical investigation of the man-made synthetic clays obtained by high pressure consolidation tests in laboratory with mineral composition and porosity under control to minimize the affection of microstructural complexity as in nature clayey rocks. Triaxial compression tests with loading-unloading cycles are carried out to characterize both the mechanical behaviors and fluid transport properties of the synthetic clays. The developed experimental device and methods are then used to characterize the overburden clayey rock layer in a petroleum engineering in Angola. The experimental data finally allow the application and validation of a micro-mechanics based constitutive model to characterize and predict the mechanical behaviors of the synthetic clays
Vauthelin, Pierre-Michel. "Aux origines de La théorie physique : l’énergétique de Pierre Duhem (1885-1911)". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100084.
Texto completoThe work of Pierre Duhem (1861-1916) does not boil down to the explicit epistemology to be found in The Aim and Structure of Physical Theory (1906). The philosophical meaning of his scientific project, now well forgotten by philosophers and historians of science alike, should be reappraised. Energetics aims at building a global theory encompassing all changes of physical or chemical state, on the basis of the two principles of thermodynamics and within the mathematical frame inherited from Lagrange. The aspiration for unity is balanced by a concern for welcoming the diversity and heterogeneity of reality, which resists mechanical reduction. Facing electromagnetic and chemical phenomena, Duhem chooses to develop a ramified theory in order to account for different kinds of irreversibility. Thus, energetics paves the way for a non-reductionnist unification of physical sciences
Douillard, Jean-Marc. "Détermination de la structure de l'interface liquide-vapeur et interprétation quantitative de certains phénomènes de mouillage au moyen de la thermodynamique". Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20070.
Texto completoLacroix, Florent. "Mesure de la section efficace de production de paires de quarks top dans le canal lepton+tau+jets+met dans l'expérience D0 et interprétation en terme de boson de Higgs chargé". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF21894.
Texto completoRaffin, Catherine. "La production et les fonctions des images en physique des matériaux et en astrophysique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13212.
Texto completoThe thesis is the result of : 1) a comparative approach, the production and functions of scientific images being observed in two separate research areas: surface sciences and astrophysics; 2) a multidisciplinary perspective which means operating methods and concepts has been borrowed just as well from sociology of science (ethnographic observations in laboratories, 48 interviews of researchers), as from information and communication sciences (semiotic of the fixed image, argumentation theories) and the philosophy of science (mainly Anglophone, central contemporary references being composed by I. Hacking and A. Franklin). Using an initial semiotic Peircian-based classification of the images produces in the areas, three functions which characterise them in line with daily research are brought out: visibility, readability and foreseeable nature of the phenomenons which would otherwise remain inaccessible. These initial attempts appear too limited to resolve the question: could an image be a proof? After having proposed a definition of the notion of proof, attention moves to three of its components which turn out to be particularly problematic if we consider the images produced in laboratories involved in the study: the methods of reasoning used, the operating device and the writing process of articles. We reach the conclusion that an image is at best a piece of evidence within a network including a strong adjustment between theories, models, instruments, experiments, know-how and beliefs. A final section looks again at all previous results in order to determine the relationship between the images and reality, using the Anglophone debate between realist and anti-realist positions as a guide
Lacroix, Florent. "Mesure de la section efficace de production de paires de quarks top dans le canal lepton+tau+jets+met dans l'expérience D0 et interprétation en terme de boson de Higgs chargé". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731323.
Texto completoSahraoui, Fouad. "Etude des fluctuations magnétiques dans la magnétogaîne terrestre : vers une interprétation dans le cadre de la théorie de la turbulence faible de la MHD-Hall". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS0014.
Texto completoThe thesis is dedicated to study experimentally and theoretically the magnetic turbulence in the terrestrial magnetosheath. Due to the absence of collisions, this turbulence plays an important role in the transfers between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. The experimental study is done using the Cluster multipoint data and the k-filtering technique. It is shown that the observed turbulent spectrum is supported by linear low frequency modes. These modes are not described by the ideal MHD theory. Therefore, a weak turbulence theory of the Hall-MHD system is justified for interpreting the observations. This model is developed in the framework of the Hamiltonian formalism. The most important step has been accomplished: the canonical description of the Hall-MHD system in terms of the generalized Clebsch variables. This new formalism will allow to solve the problem of diagonalizing the Hall-MHD non linear equations, and deriving the corresponding kinetic equations of waves
Verdier-Erlinger, Corinne. "Vers une interprétation physique des phénomènes de troisième phase en extraction liquide-liquide : application au procédé DIAMEX de traitement des effluents radioactifs de haute activité". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112209.
Texto completoChifflet, Marina. "Interprétation par modélisation des processus physiques et biologiques observés à courte échelle de temps sur la colonne d'eau : Application à la mer Ligure en Mai 1995 (Campagne Dynaproc)". Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22064.
Texto completoMorel, Pierre-Marie. "Aitiologia : Démocrite et la recherche des causes : étude sur la physique démocritéenne et sa doxographie". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010509.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to examine the democritean conception of causality in order to answer the following difficulty. Democritus establishes that only atoms and void really exist and that they are the cause of all things. However he forms the project of an aitiologia, an aetiology or search for causes, thus broadening the field of causal explanation to the compounds of atoms and void so as to account for singular and habitual phenomena. The first part is devoted to the study of a first negative doxographical tradition, initiated by aristotle and followed on by his commentators. This tradition seeks to invalidate the very possibility of aetiology in democritus' philosophy at the same time as it reveals its de facto existence and its intentions. The second part describes the birth and development of two other critical tendencies : the epicurian polemic on the one hand, and the doxographies which underline or limit democritus' scepticism on the other (in plutarch, sextus empiricus, galen, diogenes laertius). In the third part, two exemplary manifestations of the democritean aetiology are examined : the explanation of vision and the study of the living. In conclusion, it appears that the democritean conception of causality cannot be reduced to atoms and void. The search for causes strives not only to relate phenomena to this primary efficiency, but also to reveal intermediary or secondary causes that are only intelligible on the level of compounds
Guimbard, Sébastien. "Interprétation et modélisation de mesures à distance de la surface marine dans le domaine micro−onde". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0067.
Texto completoThis dissertation presents a general investigation on the use and interpretation of remote sensing measurements of the sea surface at microwave frequencies and specifically aims at better characterizing sea surface roughness effects on emissivity. A review of the state of the art of the scattering and emission theories of the sea surface at microwave frequencies is first proposed. Theorical links between active and passive remote sensing measurements are recalled and discused. Based on electromagnetic models and several active/passive data set analysis, a consistent semi-empirical model of the mutl-incidence angle emissivity change associated with the surface roughness variation is developed. The latter characterizes emissivity changes in terms of Fresnel Reflection coefficient and two rough sea surface statistical parameters. Based on this parameterization, a methodology is proposed to quantify the impacts of ocean surface roughness on the brightness temperature observed in the new mutli-angular data from SMOS
Sciaccaluga, Nicoletta. "Potentia naturalis : rôle et disparition d'une notion centrale dans la physique du jeune Descartes". Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN1507.
Texto completoSoulier, Philippe. "De l'illimité à l'infini : l'interprétation néoplatonicienne de l'ἄπειρον selon le commentaire de Simplicius à la "Physique" d'Aristote (livre III, ch. 4-8)". Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE5020.
Texto completoThe core of this thesis is the first translation into French of about sixty-seven pages from Simplicius’ Greek text in the Diels edition (Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca, vol. IX, Berlin, 1882, p. 451. 10–518. 31). It is preceded by a general introduction which brings to light the Neoplatonic background of this section of the Commentary. This introduction, presented in the first volume, includes four chief sections. The first one brings out what philosophical meaning Simplicius recognizes in the Aristotelian text about apeiron. The second one underscores how his interpretation is anchored in Neoplatonism. It studies the “orthodox” doctrine of apeiron as presented by Proclus (In Parmenidem, VI, col. 1118. 7 -1124. 37 Cousin). We offer an original translation of this text, which allows us to set the levels of apeiron which concerns Simplicius. We also consider how the latter involves the transcendent infinite in interpreting the doctrines of the Pythagoreans, Anaxagoras and Plato. The third section gives a historical account of Neoplatonic apeiron from Plotinus to Damascius and studies its interference with the Neopythagorean history of the Indefinite Dyad. The fourth section analyses the method of exegesis used by Simplicius. The second volume includes the translation of Simplicius’ text, provided with subheads and footnotes. It is preceded by an analytical summary and followed by a metacommentary which offers a detailed analysis of each lemma’s structure and also further notes. We lastly offer a thematical bibliography and a Greek-French index
Ruffin-Bayardin, Céline. "Le présent : entre physique et philosophie. Vers un présentisme quantique". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7005.
Texto completoIt would seem from Einstein's words that physics fails to capture the singularity of the Now. In this research, we are interested in what makes the present special : how is the present different from the past and the future? Is it really inaccessible to physics? What is the nature of the relationship between the present and reality? Hence our problematic triangle articulated around real-present-physics notions. At first, we analyze the status of the present in classical physics, then from the current metaphysical debate on time, and more particularly from linguistics and modal logic, we question the reality of the present. This leads us to approach theories such as the Presentism, the Growing Block, or the Branching-Futurism. The question of the existence of the present also requires for us the study of the "problem of time" in quantum gravity. Finally, in a third and last part, we construct Quantum Presentism. For this, we use Gilbert Simondon's method, and we deal with the singularity of the present from the very process of individuation of the present
Berne, Alexis. "Précipitations méditerranéennes intenses en milieu urbain : interprétation physique et analyse statistique de mesures à fines échelles spatio-temporelles, impact de la variabilité spatiale sur la réponse de bassins versants". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10200.
Texto completoEs, Sbihi Driss. "Détermination expérimentale et interprétation théorique de la structure des métaux polyvalents et de leurs alliages". Thesis, Metz, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009METZ024S/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is manifold ; firstly showing the quality of Shaw local pseudo-potential to describe the structure of polyvalents metals and his transferability to alloys. Secondly doing the experimental study by neutron scattering of structure of the hetero-coordinated Mn-Zn liquid alloy, and highlighting the critical phenomenon of demixing for Bi-Ga liquid alloy with experimental tools (X-rays and neutrons) and structural simulation Reverse Monte-Carlo (RMC). This thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, we develop the pseudo-potentials theory necessary to obtain the inter-ionic potential for both pure metals and alloys, we define the structural quantities which are the pair correlation functions and the structure factors, we present the molecular dynamics method. Then we will present and discuss our results obtained using the effective potential and molecular dynamics. These results concern the calculation of structural quantities of pure polyvalent metals (Al, Ga, Cd, In, Sn, Tl, Pb, Bi),and their alloys whose experimental data are avaible (Bi-Pb, Pb-Sn et Ga-Pb). We particulary discuss the transferability of the Shaw local pseudo-potential from pure liquid to liquid alloy. In the second part, we detail the process of diffusion of the two experimental methods most used for determining the structure of liquid metals and their alloys, which are the neutron scattering and X-ray diffraction. We explain the standard and magnetic methods of correction used for the Mn-Zn liquid alloy. We will also present the RMC structural simulation that will be used to highlight the local order in the Bi-Ga liquid alloy structure witch present a threshold of miscibility
Gagnon, Jean-Philippe. "Le sujet du dehors : paysages sémantiques, corps de la nature et physique de la parole chez Jacques Dupin et John Montague". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2014/document.
Texto completoIn his Cahiers, Valéry reflects a transformation of the status of subjectivity : "Man is an animal locked outside of his cage. It stirs outside itself." Prefigured by the Romantics and Symbolists which witnessed the birth of poetic ideas at the junction of the materiality of the body, of the universe and of language, this new topology was carried by poets who followed him. Since the late fifties, Jacques Dupin and John Montague have explored this external subjectivity, expressing new relations between interiority, the body, the language and landscapes. Investigating the semantic landscapes, the body of nature and the physics of speech, this thesis elucidates their transitivity, by studying the role played by the fleshly experience in the redefinition of poetic subjectivity and Nature, submitted to process of externalization and internalization that disclose an embodiement of consciousness and a semiotic exteriority. While demonstrating the universality of this porosity, it compares unique ways of inhabiting the world, appreciated at the heart of the aesthetic formal issues inherent to the reevaluation of sensory experience. Generally, the densification of the verb and the semiotic initiative conferred to the sensitive qualities of languages informed by the physical modalities of speech are analyzed to underline the properties of a natural speech. To study poetry of incarnation as an experience of the being-in-the-world, phenomenology is relayed by poetics, semiotics and acroamatics, wich illustrate a similar decompartmentalization of subjectivity in the element of speech, and reveal a subject doomed to a wild utterance, in the same way as to the alterity of perceptions
Bommier, Véronique. "Détermination du vecteur champ magnétique et de la densité électronique des protubérances solaires par interprétation de l'effet Hanle et de la dépolarisation collisionnelle". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077096.
Texto completoSanglard, Véronique. "Recherche de la matière noire non-baryonique à l'aide de détecteurs cryogéniques à double composante ionisation et chaleur : Analyse et Interprétation des données de l'expérience EDELWEISS-I". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00178567.
Texto completoBen, Ali Souad. "Le concept de la théorie physique chez Pierre Duhem : genèse et structure". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100107.
Texto completoHow can we currently explain the important return of the philosophy of science to the concept of physical theory by Pierre Duhem? This concept is born into a science project and prepare theoretically the physical theory of Duhem named energetic theory. The energetic or the effective expression of the ideal physical theory could not convince with the project that she brings to physical science, however, the theoretical concept that prepares them to successfully retain his interest and despite news all conceptual changes in the contemporary philosophy of science. For what, then, can we explain the success of the concept of physical theory despite the failure of the physical theory of Duhem? Our thesis is as follows: the theoretical conception of physical theory survived and remains relevant for favor to the methodology it prepares, the conceptual work involved and the ideas it promotes. It is new compared to previous designs and it is distinct in comparison with its contemporaries. The new methodology presented by Duhem, gives us an opportunity to reflect back to a problem which was always related to science, but that seems more insistent than ever at the time of Duhem, that is the problem of scientific certainty. Between one reason that undo its ability to know everything and explain everything by drawing a diagram of exact laws that guide the nature and reason who knows his own limitations and accepts all the possibilities of knowledge, or that uses the imagination to use templates that help to know, according to Duhem, the reason is in the quest for a methodology that retains its stature in science and protects against dogmatism and skepticism. The intersection of the work of the scientist, the science historian and philosopher Pierre Duhem result in a design that not only perseveres in time for its originality, but also became the conceptual work that contains a source of new ideas and discussions in contemporary philosophy of science
Bonnard, Anne. "Interpréter pour (inter)agir et apprendre : la course d'orientation en Education physique et sportive au Baccalauréat". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1028/document.
Texto completoThis study focuses on the student’s activity as defined and experienced in Physical Education. The target was to reach what makes sense for him/her when confronted with a problem solving task. The method used an inductive, participative and internalist approach. The study’s context was an optional full learning cycle of Orienteering (T= 16 hours duration; 8 sequences; n = 19 students 17 and half years old) taught by an expert teacher on critical thinking approach and on this sport practice. Three studies are expected to characterize the student functioning when confronted with the Baccalaureat examination and preparation. The first study layed on the analyzis of the performance at different moments of the learning. The second study was on the interactions between student motor, verbal and reflective profiles from the written reports of their activity. The third study was based on the pre/post test inspired from Gardner’ theory of the multiple intelligences: it helped describing the evolution of the declared capabilities of the students. Results showed that student profiles evolve according to a variable success all along the learning cycle; these profiles express within the situated context according to the learning tasks, the mobilized resources and the interpretation of the relationship between the map and the effective natural environment. A case study allowed individualizing the observations so as to question at a time the way Orienteering has to be taught and the complex strategies used by students
Vilain, Christiane. "Huygens et le mouvement relatif". Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070128.
Texto completoChristian huygens deduced the general laws of impact from a relativity principle. That leaded him to exhibit our usual conservation laxs for collisions. He latter tried to explain the centrifugal force within a relativistic conception for rotational motion. Our work aims at an analysis of the logical and epistemological elements of relativity and invariance, with help of the contextual, but also more recent, tools. Another result consists in exhibiting the original and badly known contribution of huygens to that part of dynamics, compared with galileo's and descartes' works
Guilley, Edith. "La densité du bois de chêne sessile (Quercus petraea Liebl.) : Elaboration d'un modèle pour l'analyse des variabilités intra- et inter-arbre; Origine et évaluation non destructive de l'effet « arbre »; Interprétation anatomique du modèle proposé". Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002809.
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