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Vazsonyi, Alexander Thomas 1964. "Interpersonal and intrapersonal variables predicting early adolescent substance use: A risk factor model". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278317.
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This study examined early adolescent risk for substance use in a sample of 1,170 sixth and seventh graders. Risk was assessed by inspecting the predictive strength of thirteen continuous variables from the interpersonal (peer pressure, peer substance use, parental monitoring, parent-child involvement, academic achievement, and school adjustment) and intrapersonal (self efficacy, impulsivity, withdrawal, depression, somatization, delinquency, and aggression) domains. Consistent with expectations, mean levels of substance use did not differ by gender or ethnicity (Caucasians and Hispanics). In addition, model-free LISREL analyses revealed underlying process similarity of predictors between sixth and seventh graders and between Caucasians and Hispanics. Interpersonal variables accounted for significantly more variance in early adolescent lifetime substance use than intrapersonal variables (39% versus 25%). Finally, weighting continuous independent predictors did not meaningfully improve prediction of lifetime substance use. The importance of process similarity and the significance of the peer domain in early adolescent substance use are discussed.
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Chung, Chiao-Feng. "Confirming the Constructs of the Child Interpersonal Relationship and Attitudes Assessment". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500098/.
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The purpose of this study was to confirm the four-factor model of the Child Interpersonal Relationship and Attitudes Assessment (CIRAA) in order to establish the instrument’s factor/structure validity using a sample different than that used in instrument development. The CIRAA was the first parent-report instrument based on child-centered theory and designed to measure play therapy outcomes. Its four factors are Self-Regulation (formerly Self-Control), Interpersonal Relationships, Coping Skills, and Internal Locus of Evaluation. For this study, the CIRAA was administered to 206 parents; their children were 75 females and 131 males aged 3 to 10 years old. The distributions of children’s genders and ages in this study were similar to the distributions of the sample used to develop the CIRAA. Based on confirmatory factor analysis results of overall goodness-of-fit indices; localized areas of strain; and interpretability, size, and statistical significance (p < .001) of the model's parameter estimate, the four-factor model of the CIRAA was confirmed with both theoretical and empirical support. Internal consistency reliability for the subscales and total score were acceptable, with an overall reliability coefficient of .928. A medium negative correlation (r = -.417, n = 47, p < .01) was found between the CIRAA total scores and Child Behavior Checklist Total Problems scores, a result in the expected direction. All subscales and total scores, except the Internal Locus of Evaluation score, distinguished differences between non-clinical and clinical samples. Altogether, results indicated that the CIRAA is appropriate for making clinical decisions about individuals. Limitations, additional implications, and future research are discussed.
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Halpern, Michael T., Mallorie H. Fiero y Melanie L. Bell. "Impact of caregiver activities and social supports on multidimensional caregiver burden: analyses from nationally-representative surveys of cancer patients and their caregivers". SPRINGER, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626018.
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Informal caregivers of individuals with cancer may experience substantial burdens. To develop interventions to support these caregivers, it is crucial to quantify and understand the domains of burdens potentially experienced by caregivers and factors contributing to each domain. Using data from two national surveys, the National Survey of Caregiving (NSOC) linked to the National Health and Aging Trends Survey (NHATS), we identified all participants in the NHATS diagnosed with cancer who had a caregiver participating in the NSOC. Guided by a theoretical model, twenty-two items in the NSOC related to caregiver health, mood and outlook were included in factor analysis to develop scales capturing domains of burden. Multivariable regression analyses examined whether activities performed by caregivers and supports for caregivers were associated with these burden scales. Analysis of responses from 373 caregivers of cancer patients identified three scales: emotional burden; psychological burden; and relationship with the patient. Providing assistance managing medical care was associated with increased emotional and psychological burden, while assistance with non-medical issues increased psychological burden and worsened relationships with patients. Caregiver provision of direct patient care activities was also associated with increased burden but improved relationships with patients. Use of caregiver supports showed mixed associations with burden. Using a nationally-representative sample of cancer patients and their caregivers and brief publicly-available survey questions, we present three scales addressing different aspects of caregiver burden that are responsive to caregiver activities and social supports. This may assist in developing and evaluating intervention to decrease caregiver burden.
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Franklin, Iniki. "My Life's in Shambles: Examining Interpersonal Relationships as a Moderating Factor in Reducing Post-Graduate Stress". DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2018. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/131.
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This study examines whether interpersonal relationships serve as a moderating factor in reducing post-graduate stress. A researcher developed survey was used to gather data and examined three areas: interpersonal support, perceived stress, and self-optimism. Interpersonal support encompassed familial and peer relationships. Perceived stress encompassed anxiety and depression symptomologies. Self-confidence encompassed graduates’ individuation and optimism levels regarding major life tasks after commencement. Perceived stress and self-confidence levels were also used to identify how interpersonal relationships impacted graduates’ interpretation of stress. Further analysis of the study also examined whether interpersonal support impacted perceived stress and self-confidence across various racial groups. Findings of the study suggest that interpersonal support has an impact on post-graduate stress.
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Boshoff, Victor. "The human factor : how relationships impacted an ERP implementation at Waltons Namibia". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97313.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The increase in the use of Enterprise Resource Planning systems in organisations has created an industry which impacts organisations significantly, whether it may be positive or negative. Waltons Namibia has gone through the process twice in a four year period. The processes were handled in a different manner which resulted in different outcomes. The financial impact and general performance of the company were thus significantly different as a result of the different approaches. The study analyzes and assesses the process that was followed during the second implementation process by identifying and evaluating the critical success factors which were addressed successfully and not-successfully. These critical success factors are analyzed in a framework of phases of which the implementation process consists with specific focus on how stakeholder relationships impacted and can impact the critical success factors during an implementation process. The research question can thus be stated as follows: Does the management of relationships between stakeholders in the ERP implementation process play a significant role in the success of the outcome? A secondary result of the research is the creation of a document which can be utilized by organisations to assist in the planning and execution of an ERP implementation by utilizing the framework of phases and identification of critical success factors to manage the project. The study was qualitative in nature utilizing data collected through observation, discussions with participants and personal participation during the project. An encompassing literature review was done prior to the project and the study as well as an assessment of the organisations strategic architecture and the impact it has on the project. The result of the study shows that the management of relationships throughout the project plays a major role in determining the outcome of the project and has
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Thorberg, Fred Arne. "Alexithymia and interpersonal functioning in alcohol use disorders". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009.
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All human beings experience emotion. However a number of individuals have difficulties recognizing, processing and regulating their emotions. This set of emotional "deficits' is classified as alexithymia, a multifaceted personality construct consisting of difficulties identifying feelings (DIF), difficulties describing feelings (DDF) and externally oriented thinking (EOT). The prevalence rate of alexithymia in alcohol use disorders is between 45 to 67%. A number of hypotheses related to the role of alexithymia in alcohol-dependence have been proposed, and it has been hypothesised that those with alexithymia use alcohol as a coping mechanism for stress, to become more assertive or improve interpersonal functioning. Yet, few research studies have comprehensively investigated alexithymia in alcoholdependence. A lack of a theoretical framework examining alexithymia and alcohol is also apparent. Attachment theory and particularly parental bonding is considered a critical factor in the aetiology and development of alexithymia, but this hypothesis has not been thoroughly investigated.
Thus, the purpose of Study 1 using meta-analysis was to explore, clarify and report the strength of the relationship between parenting style and alexithymia. The evidence indicated moderate to strong relationships of maternal care with overall alexithymia score, DDF and DIF. Moderate relationships were reported for maternal overprotection with DDF and overall alexithymia score. Moderate associations between paternal overprotection, DDF and total alexithymia score were also found. The findings of Study 1 confirmed an important association between maternal care and key elements of alexithymia, and highlighted the potential of attachment as a theoretical :framework for further research on alexithymia and alcohol-dependence.
The objective of Study 2 was to explore the factorial validity of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the most commonly used assessment tool for alexithymia, in a sample of210 alcohol-dependent individuals. This group of participants had an alcohol use disorder diagnosis and were attending a Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT) outpatient program. Data from this sample was used in Studies 2, 3, 4 and 5 with minor variations in the actual number of participants in each of these studies. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted using Structural Equation Modelling to evaluate the factor structure of the TAS-20. Based on previously reported factor structures, both a two-factor and a three-factor model were examined, using maximum likelihood estimation. Four of the five fit indices and a chi-square difference test indicated a superior fit for the three-factor model compared to the two-factor model. Taken together these findings demonstrated that the original three-factor model of the TAS-20 was a more plausible fit to the data than the twofactor model.
Given alexithymia's high prevalence in alcohol use disorders, valid assessment tools are critical. Study 2 confirmed the factorial validity of a self-report measure of alexithymia, the TAS-20. An objective assessment, the Observer Alexithymia Scale (OAS), has also been recommended to increase the validity of data collected. The objective of Study 3 was therefore to assess the validity and reliability of the Observer Alexithymia Scale (OAS) and the TAS-20. Data from the same 210 alcohol-dependent participants was used for Study 3. These participants were administered the TAS-20 at assessment and upon treatment completion at 12 weeks.
Clinical psychologists provided observer assessment data for a subsample of 159 patients. The findings confirmed acceptable internal consistency, test-retest reliability and scale homogeneity for both the OAS and TAS-20. The TAS-20 was more strongly associated with alcohol-dependence than the OAS and also provided stronger predictive utility towards alcohol-dependence. Problems with the discriminant and convergent validity of the OAS were evident. These findings suggest that the T AS-20 was a more psychometrically robust instrument to measure alexithymia in alcohol use disorder outpatients compared to the OAS.
A number of studies have examined alexithymia in relation to alcohol use disorders, yet there has been a lack of a theoretical framework to explore essential mechanisms in the link between alexithymia and alcohol-dependence. Study 4 introduced an integrative framework of attachment and expectancy theory, and examined theoretical relationships between attachment, alexithymia, alcohol expectancies and alcohol-dependence, in the same sample of 230 alcohol-dependent participants. Path analyses were conducted via Hierarchical Regression Analyses (for observed variables) and Structural Equation Modelling (for latent variables). Attachment was a significant predictor of alexithymia, but not for alcohol-dependence. There was also a significant prediction of DIF for the alcohol expectancy domain Assertion. The relationship between DIF and alcohol-dependence was partially mediated through the alcohol expectancy Affective Change, a key mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the link between DIF and alcohol-dependence. Taken together, these findings confirmed the importance of Affective Change in elucidating the highly rewarding effects of alcohol in those with combined alexithymia and alcohol-dependence.
Given that alexithymia may have an impact on the adherence and efficacy of psychological treatments, Study 5 examined potential differences on sociodemographic variables, alexithymia, attachment, alcohol expectancies, mood, craving and measures of alcohol-dependence between those who completed treatment and non-completers. The relationship between alexithymia and craving was also examined at baseline and at 12 week follow-up. Two hundred and eighty six consecutively treated participants diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder in an outpatient CBT program were included in the present study. There were significant differences between completers and non-completers on age, alcohol problem severity, dependent attachment, overall alexithymia score and DIF. This indicated more severe alcohol-dependence and attachment issues as well as higher levels of alexithymia in non-completers. Significant correlations between alexithymia, DIF and craving were evident as well as a significant relationship between DDF at baseline and craving at 12-week follow-up. To date, this is the first study to investigate alexithymia in relation to craving among those with alcohol-dependence, and suggests that a lack of emotional insight and confusion about feelings are associated with a stronger desire to drink alcohol. These findings highlight the potential importance of alexithymia in relation to treatment completion, and further research is needed to elucidate the role of alexithymia in relation to more standardised treatment outcome variables among those with alcohol use disorders.
The developmental social-cognitive model presented partially integrates expectancy theory within attachment theory and for the first time provides a unified model to examine alexithymia in alcohol use disorders. The theoretical and clinical implications of this model are discussed in relation to a theoretical extension, molecular genetic factors, treatment approaches and future prevention of alcoholdependence.
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高木, 邦子 y Kuniko TAKAGI. "否定的対人感情の修正に影響する動機・経験要因と個人特性の検討". 名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/3172.
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Peterson, Rebecca Jo. "What Did You Say? Investigating the Relationship of Self-Perceived Communication Competence and Mindfulness in Communication on Levels of Organizational Trust in a Postsecondary Academic Library". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2021. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/9111.
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Successful educational systems are established, maintained, and cultivated on a foundation of trust. Effective communication among colleagues is widely accepted as a characteristic of groups who establish and maintain high levels of trust. Despite the importance of the relationships between interpersonal communication skills and levels of organizational trust in postsecondary educational settings, there is very little published on this topic. Further, no published research was located that examined relationships between measures of mindfulness in communication with levels of organizational trust in postsecondary educational settings. This study examined relationships between measures of competent and mindful communication with levels of organizational trust among coworkers, with supervisors, and with the organization in a postsecondary academic library. Study participants included 116 out of 150 non-student library employees of a postsecondary academic library on a large suburban private university campus. The research survey was comprised of four different instruments: the SocioCommunicative Orientation Scale (SCO; Richmond & McCroskey, 1990); the Cognitive Flexibility Scale (CFS; Martin & Rubin, 1995); the Mindfulness in Communication Scale (MCS; Arendt et al., 2019); and the Workplace Trust Survey (WTS; Ferres & Travaglione, 2003). The functioning of each instrument was examined by confirmatory factor analysis. Satisfactory model fit for each instrument was obtained. Structural equation modeling revealed that self-reported levels of communication responsiveness predicted levels of trust in coworkers (p = .02). Perceived levels of mindfulness in communication of coworkers predicted levels of trust in coworkers (p < .001), and perceived levels of mindfulness in communication of supervisors (p < .001) predicted levels of trust in supervisors. This research suggests that perceptions of mindfulness in communication among coworkers and with supervisors are associated with levels of organizational trust within postsecondary academic settings in important ways. Further research is necessary to increase understanding of the relationships between mindfulness in communication and organizational trust in educational environments.
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Von, Lengeling Volkher Heinrich Christoph. "The nexilitas factor: host-guest relationships in small owner managed commercial accommodation facilities in contemporary South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002656.
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The commercialization of hospitality established arguably the oldest profession. Historically small commercial hospitality establishments, known as inns in the western world, were of ill repute. Perhaps connected to their reputation, this category of accommodation facility has been seriously neglected as an area of academic inquiry, particularly from the perspective of the host. While there has been a huge growth in the interdisciplinary field of tourism studies in recent decades, little attention has been paid to the role of the host in the host-guest relationship at whatever level of analysis. This thesis seeks to redress the balance. Hospitality is a basic form of social bonding. This type of bonding, where a hierarchy between strangers is implicit (as with hosts and guests), may be termed ‘nexilitas’; nexilitas is a form of social bonding in liminal circumstances. To that extent it is comparable to ‘communitas’ which describes social bonding between equals in certain liminal circumstances. The difference is that nexilitas is a form of bonding between individuals in a complex power relationship. The host controls the hospitality space, but custom also empowers the guest with certain expectations, especially in the commercial context. The thesis identifies the various forms of hospitality – traditional ‘true’ or ‘pure’ hospitality, social hospitality, cultural hospitality and commercial hospitality – and discusses these critically in their historical and cross-cultural contexts, with emphasis on the perspective of the host. The passage of hospitality is then traced through the three phases of preliminality, liminality and post-liminality and discussed along the themes anticipation, arrival and accommodation and finally departure of the guest. While the historical and ethnographic review is mainly based on written histories and the experiences of other anthropologists as guests as well as ethnographers, the passage of hospitality draws on the multi-sited auto-anthropological experiences of the author, both as host and as ethnographer of contemporary South African hosts in small owner-managed commercial hospitality establishments.
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Dorham, Carole LaRue. "Future orientation as a protective factor in the relationship between deviant peer association and adolescent adjustment /". view abstract or download file of text, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3190513.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-116). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Persson, Julia y Sara Sandström. "Konflikter och personlighet : En kvantitativ studie om sambanden mellan interpersonella arbetsrelaterade konflikter och individuella skillnader". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för psykologi, pedagogik och sociologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-15333.
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Tidigare forskning visar att interpersonella arbetsrelaterade konflikter kan få negativa följer på arbetsplatsen, för såväl anställda som organisationen i sig. Konflikter tar stor plats och uppmärksamhet från arbetet, vilket kan leda till både minskad effektivitet och produktivitet. Konflikter kan ha en inverkan på de anställdas psykiska välmående och är en bidragande faktor till stress. Hur vi tolkar, uppfattar och agerar i konflikter beror delvis på individuella skillnader. Denna studie undersöker därav sambandet mellan personlighet och involvering i interpersonella arbetsrelaterade konflikter. Kvantitativ metod användes för studien och datainsamlingen skedde genom en enkätundersökning online. Frågeformuläret bestod av två instrument, BFI-44 som mätte de fem personlighetsdragen utifrån femfaktormodellen samt Interpersonal Conflict At Work Scale (ICAWS) för att mäta interpersonella arbetsrelaterade konflikter. Totalt deltog 41 personer (M = 47, SD = 10) i studien som alla, vid tidpunkt för enkätundersökningen, var anställda tjänstemän på en svensk industri som producerar livsmedel. Det personlighetsdrag som visade sig ha starkast samband med hur ofta en individ är involverad i interpersonella arbetsrelaterade konflikter var neuroticism. Korrelationen visade sig vara medelstark och positiv (r = .26), och är det resultat som är mest betydande för studien. Resultatet visar att en individ med höga värden av neuroticism oftare tenderar att uppleva sig vara involverad i interpersonella arbetsrelaterade konflikter.Previous research shows that interpersonal work-related conflicts can have negative consequences in the workplace, for both employees and the organization itself. Conflicts take great place and attention from work, which can lead to both reduced efficiency and productivity. Conflicts can have an impact on employees' psychological well-being and are a contributing factor to stress. How we interpret, perceive and act in conflicts partly depends on individual differences. This study investigates the relationship between personality and involvement in interpersonal work-related conflicts. Quantitative method was used for the study and the data collection was done through an online survey. The questionnaire consisted of two instruments, the BFI-44 as the five personality traits based on the Five-Factor Model and the Interpersonal Conflict At Work Scale (ICAWS) for interpersonal work-related conflicts. A total of 41 people (M = 47, SD = 10) participated in the study, all of whom at the time of the survey, were employed as officials in a Swedish industry that produces food. The personality traits that has been found to be the most related to how often an individual is involved in interpersonal work-related conflicts is neuroticism. The relationship turned out to be a moderately positive relationship (r = .26). This was the strongest correlation of the personality traits along with the outcome variable and the most important result of this study. The results show that the higher the values of neuroticism an individual has, the more often this person tend to feel involved in interpersonal work-related conflicts.
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McLaughlin, Marc D. "Optimal parenting behaviors in early adolescents' relationships with numerous adults preliminary survey development and factor analysis /". Connect to this document online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1111780797.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005.Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], ix, 137 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-113).
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Wittgenstein, John. "The Moderating Role of Personality on Workplace Conflict and Outcomes". FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1548.
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The purpose of this study was twofold. The first was to further clarify and expand or understanding of the relationship between interpersonal conflict, incivility, and their roles as stressors in the stressor-strain relationship. The second goal was to examine how neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, trait anger, and sphere specific locus of control moderate the stressor-strain relationship between task conflict, relationship conflict, incivility and workplace and health outcomes. The results suggest that extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, trait anger, and locus of control play significant roles in how workplace aggression affects individuals. These findings suggest that occupations that experience a high level of workplace aggression should consider incorporating these personality traits into their selection system as a way of limiting or reducing the effects workplace aggression can have on individual health, wellbeing, and job outcomes.
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Zurakowski, Tamara Lee. "Interpersonal factors and nursing home resident health". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054909283.
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Dunn, Emily Justine. "Interpersonal outcomes and motivational factors associated with overcontrol". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1589019723586709.
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Crossett, Sarah E. "Interpersonal and cognitive risk factors for postpartum depression". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.
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Vogel, Noelle Anne. "Intrapsychic and interpersonal factors related to hypoactive sexual desire". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31392.
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Hypoactive sexual desire is one of the most prevalent psychosexual problems seen by clinicians, yet there is little consensus as to its etiology, maintenance, appropriate therapeutic intervention or prognosis. Sexual disinterest is considered to be difficult to treat due to severe intrapsychic and/or interpersonal conflict. Few empirical studies exist, however, regarding intrapsychic or interpersonal dynamics in couples where one spouse is assigned the diagnosis of hypoactive sexual desire (HSD).
The purpose of this study was to develop a clearer understanding of the intrapsychic and interpersonal dynamics of the clinical group diagnosed with hypoactive sexual desire. Individual and interactional data was collected from both diagnosed individuals and spouses. The sample consisted of three groups of subjects and their partners. Twenty-two subjects assigned a DSM-III-R diagnosis of lifelong or acquired, generalized Hypoactive Sexual Desire (HSD) and their spouses were compared on intrapsychic and interpersonal variables with two groups consisting of twenty-one sexually dysfunctional subjects displaying a DSM-III-R arousal or orgasm disorder (SDys) and their spouses, and 19 couples with no reported sexual dysfunction (NSD). Only subjects free from other Axis I disorders, medical illness, or substance abuse were selected. Control subjects met similar criteria but had no reported sexual dysfunction. All partners were sexually functional.
Subjects were administered: the Derogatis Sexual Functioning Inventory (DSFI), the Sexual History Form (SHF), the Medical History Questionnaire (MHQ), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the Affect Balance Scale (ABS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) over a three week period. Statistical procedures used to analyse the data included Canonical Correlation, ANOVA, Profile Analysis, Hotelling's test (T²) and Student-Newman-Keuls test procedure.
The test results measuring intrapsychic phenomena revealed that although all groups had normal MMPI profiles, the affect/anxiety variate was significantly elevated in the HSD and SDys groups. In addition, self concept as measured by the SASB introject was significantly more negative in the HSD and SDys groups as compared to the control group. No significant intrapsychic differences were found between partners in the three groups.
The interpersonal measures indicated that HSD subjects and SDys subjects perceived their relationships as less nurturing and affirming than did control subjects. Additionally, HSD subjects and their spouses perceived their relationships as measured by the SASB to be more hostile. The study provides some evidence to support the view that HSD subjects have lower self concepts and higher relationship conflicts than do subjects with arousal or orgasm problems or control subjects.
Similar to much of the previous research conducted on nonmedical aspects of human sexuality, the study design was exploratory and descriptive in nature thus removing any possibility of drawing cause and effect conclusions.Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies
Graduate
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Nicholson, Stephen David. "Cognitive Organization, Interpersonal Flexibility and Psychological Maladjustment". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331172/.
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Recent research on the contribution of cognitive and social factors to psychopathology has been narrowly focused on isolated cognitive-social aspects of adjustment. This study takes a broader perspective by examining a) cognitive structure in addition to cognitive content and b) general aspects of interpersonal style rather than isolated social behaviors. Maladjustment was. examined with respect to premorbid history as well as current adjustment. The hypotheses were that cognitive integration interacts with cognitive complexity to influence psychological disturbance; that a positive relationship exists between interpersonal flexibility and psychopathology; and that a positive relationship exists between the proportion of ambiguous constructs which they employ and a person's level of psychopathology.
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Šubíková, Jitka. "Vyhodnocování, zvládání a snižování stresu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222039.
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The Master´s thesis „Stress evaluation, coping and reduction” deals with a very up-to-date subject of employees stress. It analyzes stress types, development, symptoms and influence on health and work results of employees. It also concentrates on factors which evoke the stress, their identification and elimination in corporate environment. The first part of my thesis focuses on theoretical analysis of the above-mentioned issues. Second, practical part deals with the process of finding and evaluting stress factors in a logistic company and its employees. Final part focuses on project of elimination of stress and its factors in the company.
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Musgrove, Emily L. "Investigating rejection sensitivity: an exploration of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors". Phd thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2010. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/8aa78c93fa68f69a649596aba247762261c61263082d7ef013d98ac42bec2907/14990836/65021_downloaded_stream_246.pdf.
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Rejection sensitivity is defined as the tendency to 'anxiously expect, readily perceive, and overreact to rejection' (Downey, Feldman, Khuri, & Friedman, 1994, p. 496). It has been conceptualised as a cognitive-affective processing disposition that undermines adaptive functioning. The overall aim of the current research was to explore the rejection sensitivity dynamic and investigate its association with maladaptive intrapersonal and interpersonal outcomes. To address this aim, four studies, each of which used a cross-sectional design, were undertaken. Study one explored the relationship between rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms, and specifically sought to examine the role of social anxiety and loneliness within this relationship. One hundred and ninety five participants completed questionnaires assessing rejection sensitivity, depression, loneliness, and social anxiety. Consistent with predictions, the results indicated that rejection sensitivity was related to depressive symptoms. The experience of loneliness and social anxiety was found to further explicate this relationship. The second study investigated how rejection sensitive individuals think about and relate to others. Two hundred and five participants were required to complete questionnaires assessing rejection sensitivity, adult attachment styles, and the personality dispositions of sociotropy and autonomy. It was found that rejection sensitivity was most closely associated with an anxious attachment style and intimacy seeking coping strategies within close relationships.
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Buckley, Sarah. "Attachment style and depression : an investigation into interpersonal factors and processes". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25759.
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Introduction: Depression is one of the most dominant universal mental health disorders and has a high rate of persistency and recurrence. Interpersonal theories posit that it is interpersonal, or relational, factors that serve to cause and maintain depression, which is supported by a growing evidence base. CBASP is an interpersonally-focused psychotherapy specifically designed for the treatment of chronic depression and employs a variety of cognitive, behavioural and interpersonal techniques within the therapeutic relationship to help individuals evaluate their interpersonal exchanges and consider the implications. Research has highlighted the effectiveness of CBASP for this client group, however there is limited research investigating therapist and client factors that contribute to positive outcomes. Attachment style and mentalization are two such factors that are theoretically and empirically linked to an individual’s way of relating to others but have not been investigated in relation to outcomes in CBASP. Aims: A systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate significant social and interpersonal mediators that account for the relationship between attachment style and depressive symptoms. An empirical study then explored the role of therapist and client attachment style, mentalisation, and therapeutic alliance on clinical outcomes in CBASP. Methods: A systematic search of the literature exploring social and interpersonal mediators between attachment style and depressive symptoms was conducted in order to identify and evaluate mediators. The empirical study used a longitudinal case series design where both therapist and client attachment style, mentalization and the therapeutic alliance were assessed, and clinical outcomes were measured at each session to allow evaluation of change over time. Results: The systematic review provided evidence that specific social and interpersonal variables mediate the relationship between attachment and depressive symptoms, specifically social support, social anxiety, social self-efficacy, relationship satisfaction, interpersonal negative events, and interpersonal dependency. Two studies failed to find mediating effects of social support and social self-efficacy. The findings of this review are interpreted with caution as there contained several methodological limitations that affect the ability to generalize to other populations and infer causation. Findings from the empirical study provided evidence for the role of therapist attachment style and mentalization in relation to the therapeutic alliance and clinical outcomes in chronic depression in CBASP. Client attachment style and mentalization were not found to have a significant impact on the process of change but did account for some variance in symptoms of depression. Findings should be cautioned due to the small sample size and lack of statistical power to detect smaller effects. Discussion: The findings of this thesis suggests that there exist social and interpersonal factors that mediate the relationship between attachment style and depressive symptoms, and this has clear socio-political and clinical implications. However more research using robust methods of design and statistical analysis are needed in order to provide clarity in this field. The empirical study provided rich and novel data that suggests that therapist attachment style and mentalization, more so than client factors, are important in developing the therapeutic alliance and promoting symptom reduction over the course of treatment. Further research utilizing a larger sample size could provide more robust evidence for this association.
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Young, Stacy Louise. "Factors associated with recipients' perceptions of a hurtful message as supportive /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992946.
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Elmagri, M. I. "The causal factors of interpersonal conflict in the Libyan cement industry". Thesis, University of Salford, 2014. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/31158/.
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Organisations are becoming more complex and diverse in responding to globalisation and to internal and external changes, and this complexity makes them more vulnerable to different types of organisational conflict. One study stated that Libyan Cement Companies have suffered and are still suffering from the phenomenon of conflict either between individuals, groups, departments, or organisations and needed to be studied in depth. Therefore, this study aims to develop a framework for the causal factors of interpersonal conflict (IPC) in the Libyan Cement Industry (LCI), in order to improve the interpersonal conflict management in this industry, by providing recommendations to the LCI administration for their reduction. The scope of the research lies in the field of social sciences; the reality (results) of the study is constructed differently by participants as they hold different beliefs, behaviours and attitudes. Consequently, interpretivism is the most appropriate research philosophy. The logic of this research is theory building rather than theory testing; therefore the study falls under inductive logic and adopts a qualitative approach. The main research strategy is multiple embedded case studies of the two organisations of the Libyan Cement Industry. The findings were obtained from 48 semi-structured interviews that were conducted with the managers and the employees in different manufactories of the LCI, and then triangulation with other sources such as documentation and direct observation to enhance the validity and reliability of the research results. The data is analysed by using thematic analysis via coding the data, categorising the codes into themes and summarising the findings at various stages. The results of the study show that IPC is at a high level in the LCI and the causal factors of this kind of conflict were found to be due to: individual differences factors; behavioural factors; organisational factors; financial factors; and external environmental factors. Through comparing the results of the field study with what is found in the literature of the factors causing IPC, some factors that cause IPC in the Libyan environment have not yet been mentioned in previous studies; such as: contradictions between the organisation’s policy and the state’s laws; mismanagement; and tribal fanaticism. These unique factors that appeared in the Libyan environment are represented as the main contributions to knowledge for the study. In addition, the findings of this research strengthen the existing literature on IPC and its causal factors and reduce the gap in knowledge applying to Libyan studies, and will help the Libyan Cement Industry to manage IPC in an appropriate way. The findings would also be helpful for many managers, and could be used in many empirical studies on IPC and its management.
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Ali, Abbas H. "The impact of national cultures and interpersonal factors on managerial communication". Thesis, Aston University, 1988. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12178/.
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This study was undertaken for two primary purposes. The first was to discover whether or not two of the four cultural dimensions depicted by Hof-stede (1980), namely Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance, could be repeated using samples from seven organizations operating in three distinct cultural settings. The second was to assess the degree to which these dimensions affect superior-subordinate communication across the culturally-different groups. Also, the impact of the three interpersonal factors: Trust in Superior, Upward Influence and Mobility Aspirations was investigated cross-culturally. Participants were 291 managers from seven organizations; four Sudanese, two white British and an organization in Britain run by a group of British citizens of Pakistani extraction. It was hypothesized that the Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance of the three groups would replicate Hof-stede's. Specific implications of these dimensions for organizational communication and in particular for superior-subordinate communication were also hypothesized. Multiple regression analyses were performed with items of the two cultural dimensions and the three interpersonal factors (each in turn) forming the independent variables, while the organizational communication aspects formed the dependent variables. T-tests between means were also used to compare and contrast issues such as directionality of information flow across organizations operating in these settings. Work-related values of each of the three cultural groups provided support for Hofstede's model. However, only tentative support was given to the hypothesized relationships between the cultural dimensions and organizational communication. Similarly, weak associations were found between the three interpersonal factors and superior-subordinate communication behaviour. Some practical and theoretical implications are offered. An evaluation of the study and recommendation for further research are also given.
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Ali, Abbas Hussein. "The impact of national cultures and interpersonal factors on managerial communication". Online version, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.235137.
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Gooch, Caroline V. "Distress Tolerance as a Mediator and Moderator of a Brief Computer-Based Treatment Targeting Suicide Risk Factors". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1597409213712759.
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Weibel, David. "The Influence of Therapist Training and Interpersonal Skills On Client Emotional Experiencing". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1082388244.
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Ye, Jiali. "Maintaining Online Friendship: Cross-Cultural Analyses of Links among Relational Maintenance Strategies, Relational Factors, and Channel-Related Factors". unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-10092006-150113/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.1 electronic text (153 p.) : digital, PDF file. Title from title screen. Jaye Atkinson, committee chair; Cynthia Hoffner, Yuki Fujioka, Merrill Morris, Elisabeth Burgess, committee members. Description based on contents viewed Mar. 26, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-135).
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Gray, Clarabella. "Individual and interpersonal risk and resiliency factors in primary and secondary trauma". Thesis, Bangor University, 2018. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/individual-and-interpersonal-risk-and-resiliency-factors-in-primary-and-secondary-trauma(c158861f-b20c-40b2-9795-1194b3bb367f).html.
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This thesis explores individual and interpersonal risk and resiliency factors in primary and secondary trauma across three individual papers. The first paper is a systematic review examining the role of social cognition in the relationship between attachment style and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The review synthesises the findings of six studies that met the inclusion criteria. Collectively, the results indicate that social cognition has a mediating role. The review suggests that insecure attachment style is a risk factor and secure attachment is a resiliency factor in PTSD. However, it was not possible to draw firm conclusions due to the small number of heterogeneous studies reviewed. The clear need for future research is discussed. Suggestions are made for the use of attachment and social cognition approaches in the psychosocial treatment of PTSD. The second paper is an empirical study investigating individual characteristics, secondary trauma, and burnout in police sexual and violent offending teams. The study used a sample of specialist police staff (N=78) who completed an online questionnaire survey. The results indicate that coping self-efficacy, dispositional mindfulness, and psychological flexibility are resiliency factors and insecure attachment style is a risk factor for secondary trauma, burnout, and mental ill-health. Suggestions are made for the use of mindfulness, acceptance and commitment therapy, and attachment approaches in promoting a resilient police work force. The final chapter expansively discusses the implications of both papers for future research, theory development, and clinical practice. Collectively, the findings suggest that attachment style may serve as an individual and interpersonal risk or resiliency factor in primary and secondary trauma. The socio-interpersonal model of PTSD is referenced as encapsulating the thesis findings in the wider trauma literature.
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Rajalin, Mia. "Distal risk factors, interpersonal functioning & family skills training in attempted suicide". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-129648.
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Background Suicidal behavior is an important global health problem affecting also significant others. Both genetic and environmental influences play an important role in the development of suicidal behavior. There is a need of interventions for family and friends after a suicide attempt. The aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of family history of suicide (FHS) and early life adversity (ELA) on severity of suicidal behavior and on level of interpersonal problems in suicide attempters. Furthermore it aimed to evaluate a DBT-based skills training program, Family Connections (FC), for relatives and friends of suicide attempters. Methods Studies I and II included 181 suicide attempters. FHS was assessed with the Karolinska Self-Harm History Interview or in patient records. ELA was assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to interpersonal violence in childhood. Suicide intent was measured with the Freeman scale. Interpersonal problems were assessed with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Study III, a pilot study evaluating the effect of FC for family members of suicide attempters, included 13 participants who completed the program with pre- and post-questionnaires. The experience of burden was assessed with the Burden Assessment Scale (BAS), general wellbeing with Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and level of depression was assessed with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Swedish scale Questions About Family Members (QAFM) was used to explore the quality of the participants’ relationship with the patient and the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) was used to measure satisfaction with life situation. Study IV included 132 family members, and investigated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of FC in psychiatric care. Participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention with the following self-report questionnaires: BAS, QAFM and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Results Male suicide attempters with FHS made more serious and well planned suicide attempts and had higher suicide risk. FHS and exposure to interpersonal violence as a child were independent predictors of suicide in male suicide attempters. Regarding interpersonal problems, suicide attempters with FHS had significantly more often an intrusive personal style, indicating that they might have an impaired ability to create stable, long-lasting relationships. In the pilot study the participants reported a significant reduction in burden, an improved psychic health and an improvement in the relationship with the patient after completing FC. In the fourth study, FC showed to be feasible and effectively implemented in a psychiatric outpatient services clinic. Regarding burden, results were in line with the pilot study, with a significant reduction in all subscales in BAS. Conclusions High-risk patients call for a consideration of both ELA and FHS in clinical suicide risk assessment. In suicide attempters at biological risk, suicide might be prevented with the early recognition of environmental risks. Further, the interpersonal problems associated with FHS may cause difficulties for suicide attempters to accept or benefit from treatment, and caregivers should take into account the characteristics of the suicide attempter´s interpersonal functioning. The results from the pilot study provide support for the need and importance of an educational program addressed specifically to family members of suicide attempters. Preliminary results support the feasibility and potential value of an implementation of FC in psychiatric open care clinics.
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Uhlin, Brian. "Therapist In-session Rated Facilitative Interpersonal Skills (FIS-IS) in the Psychotherapy Process". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1312482707.
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Eagle, Rose. "Examining factors that affect social behavior among children with autism spectrum disorders". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Dakin, Lanie Joy Smith Thomas A. (Thomas Alton). "The relationship between indirect family factors, emotional reactivity, and young adult's interpersonal competence". Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/DAKIN_LANIE_4.pdf.
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Rosen, Clive C. H. "The influence of interpersonal and intra-group factors on the software development process". Thesis, Keele University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442980.
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Wortley, Mark Elliott. "Factors influencing the transfer of trained interpersonal managerial skills back into the workplace". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13902.
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Bibliography: leaves 115-127.This study investigated variables which influence the transfer of training, in an organisational context. Transfer of training is defined as the application of knowledge and skills, learned in a training setting, to other non-training (i.e., work) contexts. It has been estimated that considerable amounts of money and effort are wasted due to trained skills not being transferred back to the workplace. This phenomenon is a well known issue in the field of organisational training and has generated research into the question of what variables in addition to the training itself influence the transfer of training. Three key categories of variables that are cited in the literature on transfer of training were used in the current study: (a) individual (i.e., the learner/trainee) characteristics, (b) training design, and (c) transfer situation (work environment) characteristics. These three categories were used as core elements in the conceptual design of the study.
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De, Clute Shannon M. "Assessing Undergraduate Student-Teacher Relationship Factors using Working Alliance and Interpersonal Influence Theories". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1353092459.
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Mavis, Beverly J. "Social Control and Self-Control Factors Associated with Interpersonal Violence in Adolescent Females". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278635/.
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Adolescent females are committing an increasing number of violent interpersonal acts. This study used the qualitative technique of focus group interviews to explore social control and self-control factors which impact such behaviors. Forty-seven girls aged 10-18 years described situations and events where interpersonal violence might be used and also what might prevent such acts. For the girls interviewed, social controls were the predominant means of controlling the use of interpersonal violence. Family and peer groups were the most powerful social controls, whether positive or negative. Self-control was deemed important but most girls lacked either the skills or desire to engage in self-control. Violence prevention programs need to teach techniques for improving self-control and increasing self-concept to be most effective.
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Colville, Christopher Stephen. "Factors influencing the acquisition and development of interpersonal skills among high school principals". Diss., This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-152136/.
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Chesus, Lindsey. "THE IMPACT OF SEXUAL ASSAULT DISCLOSURE REACTIONS ON INTERPERSONAL FACTORS AND MENTAL HEALTH". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/851.
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Sexual victimization is experienced by about 20% of women and two percent of men (Black et al., 2011). Disclosure of these incidences is high, with about 90% of survivors speaking out at least once about their assault (Ullman & Peter-Hagene, 2014). Though disclosure rates appear high, common reactions given by formal (e.g. law enforcement) and informal (e.g. a friend) sources are negative and counterintuitive to survivor growth (Ullman & Brecklin, 2002). Often studied with military veterans and suicide, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonging are tied to social disconnect and perceived rejection from interpersonal support systems, and often follow stressful life events such as trauma (Hill & Pettit, 2014; Ford & Collins, 2010; Van Orden, Cukrowicz, Witte, & Joiner, 2012). Negative reactions to disclosures, and the consequent rejection, can lead to diminished mental health, including depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Ullman & Peter-Hagene, 2014; Starzynski, Ullman, Filipas, & Townsend, 2005). Furthermore, shame has been researched as a possible emotional response to experiencing a traumatic event (La Bash & Papa, 2014), and this may play a role in people’s likelihood of experiencing distress following the receipt of negative social reactions. To explore the underlying processes and outcomes related to negative social reactions upon disclosure, the following hypotheses were proposed. First, the five negative social reactions (i.e., control, blaming, distracting, egocentric, and treating differently) would be positively associated with psychological distress (i.e., depression and PTSD symptoms). Next, the five negative social reactions subscales were predicted to be positively associated with state shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belonging. Finally, it was predicted that the relationships between the five negative social reaction subscales and psychological distress would be mediated by state shame, perceived burdensomeness, and thwarted belonging. Though all five negative reactions were associated with PTSD, blame and distraction were not associated with depression. Further, blame and treating differently were associated with perceived burdensomeness, however the other negative reactions and outcome associations varied. Surprisingly, an intervening relationship of the five negative reactions, shame, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belonging, and psychological distress was not established. Implications of this study may provide important insight into relationships previously not examined with sexual assault and mental health outcomes.
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Van, Rooyen Anrie Sophia. "Exploring the lived experiences of adolescents in a children's home participating in a choir : a community music therapy perspective". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58767.
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Phenomenological research was conducted to explore the lived experiences of adolescents in a Children’s home who participate in a choir that is facilitated from a community music therapy perspective. The case study involved 16 weekly choir sessions, where a variety of vocalisations and interactive vocal interventions were implemented. A performance marked the end of the process, where preferred songs were performed. Fourteen adolescents residing in Bramley Children’s Home participated in the choir and the research. Qualitative data was collected through 14 semi-structured individual interviews at the end of the process. All interview transcripts were analysed through utilising interpretative phenomenological analysis. The study concluded that participation in the community music therapy choir offered the adolescents perceived meaningful intra- and interpersonal experiences. At an intrapersonal level, the participants lived experience entailed discovering their musical voices, accessing inner strength to take action both in the here-and-now and in the future as well as experiencing a healthier picture of themselves through increased self-awareness, self-esteem and self-confidence. Utilising cognitive skills and experiencing, expressing and regulating emotions were also included in the in the intrapersonal findings. In terms of interpersonal experiences, the adolescents perceived growth in relationships, improved social skills, social harmony and connection into the community. An important finding in this study that drew on a community music therapy focus is connection into the community, where the adolescents are experiencing sustaining relationships and continuous musiking within their communities.Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
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Duncan, Amy Crystal. "Intra and interpersonal factors in the use of personal therapy by trainee clinical psychologists". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/7621.
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The purpose of personal therapy for psychologists can be understood as a method of personal and professional development (PPD) and/or in terms of help-seeking. This study aims to consider differences in the use of personal therapy among trainee clinical psychologists. It used a cross-sectional, survey design and invited all British trainees to participate. 437 trainees (25% response rate) completed measures on intrapersonal and interpersonal variables, and answered several factual questions pertaining to demographics and clinically relevant experiences. Several trainees reported experiencing childhood abuse. A large proportion had experienced therapy prior to training. These issues were explored. Discriminant analyses demonstrated that attitude to therapy for PPD and psychological flexibility were important predictors of use of personal therapy, as was emotional neglect in childhood. The potential link between difficult early experience and ability to manage internal experience was considered. Therapeutic orientation of trainee, year of training and course support were also important factors in differentiating between groups. Implications for training and PPD were discussed in terms of suggestions for courses and trainees.
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Slessor, Gillian. "Age-related changes in decoding basic social cues from the eyes". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=53353.
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Fung, Siu Hung. "Influences of interpersonal relatedness on work motivation : an examination of goal-setting theory among Chinese factory workers". Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1482.
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This dissertation investigates the applicability of goal-setting theory on work motivation among Chinese factory workers. Locke and Latham’s (1990) goal-setting theory has received much empirical support throughout the decades, but mainly within a Western context. The purpose of this research is to examine the influences of two Chinese cultural values, filial piety and loyalty to supervisor on goal-setting and work motivation among Chinese factory workers. These two cultural values of personal relatedness are employed to develop a model proposing that the levels of filial piety and loyalty to supervisor exert moderating effects on the relationship between goal commitment and productivity of factory workers in China.The proposed hypotheses were tested by the statistical technique of Structural Equation Modeling with a sample of 397 respondent workers in the Guangdong Province of China. The robust statistical validity and reliability of the survey instruments is described. The result of this study suggests the partial workability of goal-setting theory in a Chinese context, but, lends support to the moderation effects of filial piety and loyalty to supervisor on the relationship between goal commitment and productivity of factory workers in China.The findings of this dissertation provide a theoretical contribution to the extant literature on human resource management, and practically, this study reveals considerable implications for understanding and managing Chinese factory workers in China.
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Collins, William Edward. "Intrapsychic and interpersonal factors related to adolescent psychological well-being in stepmother and stepfather families /". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1302711020.
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Aguirre, Jacqueline S. "Interpersonal Factors Related to the Pursuit of a Higher Education Among First Generation Undergraduate Students". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc149558/.
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The typical educational stressors experienced by college students, in conjunction with developmental stressors such as separation from parents, individuation, and perceived social support, can interact to impact adaptation significantly. First generation college students (students who are the first in their family to attend college) can experience stressors beyond the typical educational stressors experienced by later generation college students, including lack of support from family and peers as well as financial difficulties that can interact to impact the pursuit of an education beyond the undergraduate level. The present study examined factors that may be especially influential in the pursuit of a higher education for first generation college students. Results indicated that aspects of family enmeshment were related to academic motivation for first generation students, but not for later generation students. Exploratory analysis showed that family and finances were mentioned more often among first generation students when compared to later generation students as stressors that strongly influence the desire to continue beyond the undergraduate level.
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Schafer, Ellen Jennifer. "Understanding breastfeeding maintenance: exploring the role of experience, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors, and turning points". Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6637.
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Exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months and continued breastfeeding for the first year or two is promoted as the preferred method for feeding infants. In the United States, about 79% of infants are ever breastfed and less than 27% are breastfed through the first year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014b). The purpose of this study was to understand the role of breastfeeding experiences and underlying factors that may facilitate the maintenance of breastfeeding one’s first child as well as the re-engagement in breastfeeding with one's second child. This dissertation includes two quantitative studies using secondary data and one qualitative study involving data specifically collected for this study.
The quantitative studies used data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II and the Year 6 Follow Up surveys. Findings indicate barriers in the early breastfeeding experience (pain, trouble with milk supply, and trouble with the baby’s suck or latch) are associated with less time spent in breastfeeding maintenance among first-time mothers and experiencing trouble with the first baby’s suck or latch is associated with non-initiation with one's second child. Conversely, as levels of perceived breastfeeding self-efficacy, opinion about the best way to feed a baby, and belief about breast milk increased, or became more pro-breastfeeding over time, time spent in breastfeeding maintenance among first-time mothers also increased. Those with a high level of response efficacy were also more likely to initiate breastfeeding with a second child.
In the qualitative study, 28 first-time mothers who recently stopped breastfeeding and live in Iowa participated in semi-structured interviews. The objectives of this third study were to understand and describe first-time mothers’ experiences of infant feeding throughout the entire breastfeeding maintenance period, and explore how contextual factors may act as facilitators or barriers to breastfeeding maintenance by identifying common turning points. Turning points were defined as events or periods in time perceived as personally significant, that promoted a change, maintenance, or where a new meaning associated with the experience was acquired. Findings include seven turning points (breastfeeding problems, overcoming the unknown, recurring stressors, learning how to live life with the new baby, re-entering social roles, special occasions, and letting go) that were usually associated with stressful situations. The availability of intrapersonal (e.g., individual determination) and interpersonal (e.g., social support from others) coping resources at these turning points facilitated breastfeeding maintenance.
The first study is significant in the longitudinal consideration of both experiences and changes in intrapersonal and interpersonal factors and how these changes relate to breastfeeding maintenance. The second study is significant with the focus on multiparous mothers and the effect of previous breastfeeding thoughts and experiences on breastfeeding initiation with a second child. The third study is unique in the identification of breastfeeding turning points that may lead to identifying opportune times and strategies for maintenance interventions. Findings from these studies have implications for intervention planning and future research. The synthesis of findings across the three studies suggests the early breastfeeding period is paramount to breastfeeding maintenance, along with the role of one’s social environment, particularly the perceived availability of social support to meet mothers' needs. Finally, findings from this dissertation can be used to improve social support provision and multi-level interventions targeting mothers’ most salient needs at the most opportune times.
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Treadwell, Chris Lee. "Changing the Role of Appraisal and Interpersonal Factors in Guilt Induction: Time, Perspective, and Responsibility". DigitalCommons@USU, 2001. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6174.
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Appraisal theories of emotion assert that guilt arises from the evaluations one ill makes about one's behavior. Perpetrators experience guilt when they view themselves as responsible for harm caused to their victims. Interpersonal theories of emotion hold that guilt is a function of relational factors, including the need to repair relationships. Theorists argue that guilty feelings often arise in spite of appraisals, and that perpetrators feel guilty because of a need to communicate reconciliatory messages to their victims. These two views of guilt are generally seen as mutually exclusive. This study proposed integrating both views of guilt into a single, interactive theory of guilt that includes both appraisals and interpersonal concerns and that asserts that guilt varies as a function of the appraisals one makes about one's own and others' behavior, the nature of the relationship between perpetrators and victims, the perspective from which one views events, and the passage of time. The main question asked was: when taking into account these factors, is guilt better accounted for by an appraisal, interpersonal , or the newly proposed integrative view of guilt?
One-hundred forty-seven male and 168 female university students were presented with scenarios depicting the interaction of two people who were friends or enemies and were directed to adopt the perspective of perpetrators, victims, or were not given instructions to adopt a perspective. In each scenario, a perpetrator acted to inflict harm that was either unintentional or angrily intended. Participants then rated perpetrators' responsibility appraisals, emotional responses, and forgiveness needs. Additionally, participants were asked to rate how responsible perpetrators believed their victims believed them to be.
Correlational analyses and AN OVA were used to test the effects of the factors in the proposed model on ratings of guilt. Although partial support was found for both the appraisal view and the interpersonal view of guilt, results provided the strongest support for the interactive view of guilt. Discussion focused on the role of appraisals, relational factors, perspective, and time in guilty feelings and the implications of these findings for further research.
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Fung, Shuk-ching Corina y 馮淑貞. "A case-control study of attachment style in deliberate self-harm patients: a systemic perspective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3703053X.
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Roberts, Deborah Morgan. "Resilience in Physically Maltreated Adolescents| Interpersonally Related Protective Factors and Gender Differences". Thesis, The George Washington University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10262221.
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Physical maltreatment places adolescents at risk for negative behavioral and emotional problems. Resilience focuses on the processes that allow these adolescents to cope following the risk and minimize the potential negative outcomes. Parental and peer support were expected to protect against physical maltreatment in adolescents as support by existing empirical evidence in the adolescence and maltreatment literature. Further, these chosen interpersonal protective factors were expected to be more effective in reducing negative outcomes in females than males as current literature suggests females are more interpersonally focused. Secondary data analysis was conducted on data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-being (NSCAW) national longitudinal dataset. Participants in the current study included 374 physically maltreated adolescents, aged 11 to 17.5 years old (Mage = 13.68, SD = 1.85). The sample included 227 females and 147 males. Foster care was exclusionary. Structural equation techniques including model comparison, mediation analysis, and gender code analysis were conducted to study the research hypotheses. Parental and peer support protected against behavioral and emotional problems in physically maltreated adolescents. Peer support had a greater impact on reducing emotional and overall (i.e. behavioral and emotional problems combined). Parental support was more protective than peer support against behavioral problems. No significant differences were found between the dual domain model (i.e. measuring behavioral and emotional problems separately) and the overall model (i.e. the combination of the two domains). Females were more likely to endorse behavioral and emotional problems. Both structural models (i.e. dual domain and overall) consisting of the interpersonal factors of parental and peer support exhibited better fit in females than males. Mediation analysis was not significant for peer support. Maltreatment was not significantly associated with peer support. A partial mediation effect was found for parental support. Clinical implications include the promotion of positive peer interactions through school programs and counseling techniques, and increasing use of peer support groups. Clinical and school counselors would benefit from the development of programs and interventions focused on teaching how to provide positive parental support to minimize behavioral issues and effectively spend time with adolescents. Additional theoretical implications and limitations of the study are identified.
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Dick, Rebecca Nalle. "Relationship factors and American Indian men's condom use intentions". Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/dick/DickR0509.pdf.
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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pose a major threat to the public health of the United States. American Indians are disproportionately affected by STIs, including chlamydia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Roosevelt County, which lies within the Fort Peck Indian Reservation in northeastern Montana, has consistently reported chlamydia rates two to five times higher than national rates. Community leaders from the Fort Peck Indian Reservation partnered with researchers from Montana State University to address the reservation's sexual and reproductive health needs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the heterosexual relationship factors that were associated with condom use intentions for STD and HIV prevention in a purposive sample of American Indian men, ages 18 to 24, living on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation. A community based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used for this study. A non-probability sample of American Indian men (n=122) were recruiting using consecutive and snowball sampling techniques. Study hypotheses were tested using Pearson's chi-squared and one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis for bivariate associations and multinomial logistic regression for multivariate associations. Variables examined for their association with condom use intentions included age, educational attainment, relationship type, relationship duration, relationship commitment, condom use communication, condom use decision making, control of condom use, and negative partner reaction to condom use. Results indicated that American Indian men were less likely to use condoms for disease prevention as their age and their relationship commitment increased. Factors resulting in an increased likelihood of future condom use included high participation in the condom use decision making process and female control over condom use. Culturally relevant sexual risk prevention programs that work towards changing the perception of condoms in committed relationships and that engage men in sexual health decision making could help reduce the disproportionate burden of sexually transmitted disease carried by young American Indians living on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation.