Literatura académica sobre el tema "International labor activities – Case studies"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "International labor activities – Case studies"
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Et. al., Odiljon Sulaymanov,. "Abolition Of Forced Labour: Case Of Uzbekistan". Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, n.º 4 (11 de abril de 2021): 1078–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i4.618.
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The article analyzes the legal problems in the implementation of international labour standards on the abolition of forced labour in the national legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Fundamental documents of the International Labour Organization on the abolition of forced labour – the legal nature of the Forced Labour Convention No.29, 1930 and the the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention No.105, 1957, the content of national legislation on this issue. The practice of assimilation of the provisions of international agreements on labor issues, which are legally binding for Uzbekistan, into national legislation, the compliance of some issues regulated by the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on labor relations with the norms of international documents has been studied. As a result of the study, conclusions were made on improving the legislation on labor, criminal and administrative liability, as well as amendments to Article 7 of the Labor Code, Article 1482 of the Criminal Code and Article 51 of the Code of Administrative Liability, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Employment" and were some suggestions on the appropriateness of making additions. Recommendations were made to amend the national legislation to abolition of forced and compulsory labour in order to bring it in line with international standards. The formation of institutional mechanisms for countering forced labour in Uzbekistan was studied in three periods, the specifics of each period, the functions of the established mechanisms, and the effectiveness of their activities were analyzed. In particular, the tasks of the National Commission for combating human trafficking and forced labour, created by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PD-5775 dated July 30, 2019, and the Institute of the National Rapporteur are set out.
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Jurabek Rasulov, Odiljon Sulaymanov,. "ABOLITION OF FORCED LABOUR: CASE OF UZBEKISTAN". Psychology and Education Journal 58, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2021): 4564–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1563.
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The article analyzes the legal problems in the implementation of international labour standards on the abolition of forced labour in the national legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Fundamental documents of the International Labour Organization on the abolition of forced labour – the legal nature of the Forced Labour Convention No.29, 1930 and the the Abolition of Forced Labour Convention No.105, 1957, the content of national legislation on this issue. The practice of assimilation of the provisions of international agreements on labor issues, which are legally binding for Uzbekistan, into national legislation, the compliance of some issues regulated by the legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on labor relations with the norms of international documents has been studied. As a result of the study, conclusions were made on improving the legislation on labor, criminal and administrative liability, as well as amendments to Article 7 of the Labor Code, Article 1482 of the Criminal Code and Article 51 of the Code of Administrative Liability, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Employment" and were some suggestions on the appropriateness of making additions. Recommendations were made to amend the national legislation to abolition of forced and compulsory labour in order to bring it in line with international standards. The formation of institutional mechanisms for countering forced labour in Uzbekistan was studied in three periods, the specifics of each period, the functions of the established mechanisms, and the effectiveness of their activities were analyzed. In particular, the tasks of the National Commission for combating human trafficking and forced labour, created by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PD-5775 dated July 30, 2019, and the Institute of the National Rapporteur are set out.
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ISSAYEVA, Ainur Zhenisovna, Bolat Zholdasbekovich AITIMOV, Zhanat Amandykovna ISSAYEVA, Madina Koishibayevna ZHUSSUPBEKOVA, Saltanat Saidakhmetovna TINISTANOVA y Akzada Alaidarkyzy MADALIYEVA. "Features of Legal Regulation of the Procedure for the Consideration of Labor Disputes in Kazakhstan". Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, n.º 1 (31 de marzo de 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.1(47).09.
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This study examined the experience of Kazakhstan, which created its own system of laws and regulations in the field of labor dispute problems, designed to protect the interests of workers and help ensure a minimum level for residents. The article identifies problems requiring study of issues on the application of labor legislation, development of recommendations for improving and taking measures to inform judicial practice in this category of cases. We have studied the activities of the International Labor Organization (hereinafter referred to as the MOT), which is the world agency of the United Labor Organization. Kazakhstan reports on labor issues, labor disputes, trade unions of workers, workers and others. Case studies show labor disputes, strikes by workers in the regions of Kazakhstan, as well as their solutions. The study makes recommendations of the following nature, when considering disputes regarding the recognition of legal relations as labor, courts should distinguish between civil law relations and labor relations.
The relevance of the research topic due to the need to develop and introduce new modern mechanism for resolving individual labor disputes, including pre-trial and non-judicial methods of conflict resolutions.
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Rose, Alessandra De, Filomena Racioppi, Pietro Checcucci, Maria Felice Arezzo y Corrado Polli. "The Workforce Aging and Challenges for Policy and for Business. The Case of Italy". Review of European Studies 11, n.º 4 (14 de noviembre de 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n4p60.
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Across Europe, the working age population is decreasing and aging. In this study, with reference to Italy, we analyze the main demographic trends underlying these processes. By using data from the continuous Labor Force Survey, we show the effects of the overall population dynamics on workforce age structure and its composition by professional activities and economic sector. We argue that the observed changes in the labor market are only partially due to demographic trends since they are strictly intertwined with the rigidity of the Italian economic system. We then illustrate the results of two sample surveys conducted among large and small-medium Italian enterprises, respectively. The main result is that the Italian businesses are moderately aware of the aging process of their human resources, and only a few are worried about it. Only few larger companies are actively implementing strategies of age management in order to cope with the issue. Finally, we discuss the implications for the policy of the above results, also in the light of recommendations from the international organizations.
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Krissman, Fred. "Sin Coyote Ni Patrón: Why the “Migrant Network” Fails to Explain International Migration". International Migration Review 39, n.º 1 (marzo de 2005): 4–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2005.tb00254.x.
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The “migrant network” concept cannot explain large-scale international migratory flows. This article goes beyond a critique of its ahistorical and post factum nature. First, I argue that restrictions on its composition and functions also render the migrant network unable to explain why such migratory flows continue or expand even further. Second, a review of five studies illustrates why this concept, the propositions on which it rests, the methods it employs, and the conclusions that it imparts must be reconsidered. Third, the network analysis literature, along with my research data from the Mexico-U.S. case, suggest an alternative approach. “International migration networks” include those from the labor-sending hometowns who are emphasized in migrant network studies, as well as a variety of other actors based in the militarized border zone and the labor-receiving regions. I conclude that accurate studies of migration must include the employers that demand new immigrant workers, as well as the labor smugglers and all other actors that respond to this demand. Immigration studies that fail to do so provide erroneous analyses which camouflage the activities of many network actors, and furnish an academic fig leaf behind which unintended, counterproductive, and even lethal public policies have been implemented. By and large, the effective units of migration were (and are) neither individuals nor households but sets of people linked by acquaintance, kinship, and work experience who somehow incorporated American destinations into the mobility alternatives they considered when they reached critical decision points in their individual or collective lives (Tilly, 1990:84, emphasis added). [Migrant n]etwork connections constitute a form of social capital that people can draw upon to gain access to foreign employment (Massey et al., 1993:448, emphasis added)
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Xu, Yiwei. "Research on the Jurisdiction of MNEs in Cases of Human Rights Violations". BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 21 (15 de febrero de 2023): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v21i.3426.
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As multinational enterprises continue to develop and grow, violations of international human rights law by multinational enterprises occur frequently, such as environmental damage and labor rights violations. While bringing employment and economic development to the host country, MNEs will also have a significant impact on local human rights. Multinational enterprises may directly affect the human rights in their regions by employing child labor, forced labor, discriminatory recruitment methods, poor working conditions, and carrying out activities without the consent of the residents on their land, or indirectly threaten the lives and health of others by destroying the environment. In addition, MNEs may also instigate the national government to violate human rights for commercial purposes, or support the government to adopt policies that violate human rights by providing infrastructure, financial support, or international credibility for the government, thus indirectly violating the human rights of residents. Access to justice is the most direct way for victims to seek redress in cases of human rights violations by multinational enterprises. However, as far as current practice is concerned, the judicial route is also the most difficult route to relief, of which the first issue to be resolved is jurisdiction. This research use case study, comparative research, and historical research to discuss how to strengthen the international legal regime of human rights responsibilities of MNEs, and to draw on international theoretical and practical experiences. Finally, this research systematically studies the issue and finally makes recommendations at the international and domestic levels.
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SEREDA, Olena, Bohdan KAZARIN y Oleh KARAVANSKYI. "Supervision and control over compliance with labor legislation: current status and prospects". Economics. Finances. Law 7, n.º - (8 de julio de 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2022.7.4.
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The paper comprehensively examines the national system of labor inspection, its legal regulation in the legislation of Ukraine, the existing problems and activities of competent state bodies in this field, comparing with foreign experience and standards of the International Labor Organization. The ILO's key regulations in regulating labor inspection and requirements have been identified. The paper defines the tasks, areas of application of the mechanism of labor inspection in Ukraine, analyzes the difference between state and public control, as well as considers the organization and activities of the State Labor Service. In the course of the research, the normative legal acts regulating the mechanism of labor inspection, the procedure for carrying out measures of state supervision (control) in the field of labor were clarified. Based on the materials of case law and statistical data, the main problems in this area were identified, as well as their possible solutions. Particular attention is paid to the study of foreign experience on this issue, an example of which was the model of labor inspection in Poland, studied its structure, organization and competence. Long-term, long-term and annual programs of measures created by the Labor Inspectorate in Poland to ensure an effective system of prevention and prevention of violations of labor legislation are studied in detail. Control programs and other measures are also considered, which are carried out in a coordinated manner in accordance with specific rules, which allow to obtain results and formulate a plan of further actions.
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Boonen, A., S. Verstappen, M. Butink, C. Webers, N. Betteridge, T. Stamm, D. Wiek, A. Woolf, G. R. Burmester y H. Bijlsma. "OP0169-PARE DEVELOPMENT OF POINTS TO CONSIDER WHEN SUPPORTING PERSONS WITH REUMATIC AND MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES TO PARTICIPATE IN HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE PAID WORK". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (19 de mayo de 2021): 101.1–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2995.
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Background:Despite earlier diagnosis and improved management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), a work participation gap remains when compared to the general population. To bridge this work participation gap, EULAR’s current strategy states that ‘by 2023, EULAR’s activities and related advocacy will have increased participation in work by people with RMDs’. To achieve this goal, guidance is needed how to support people with RMDs to remain in paid work or (re)-enter the labour force.Objectives:To develop Points to Consider (PtC) when supporting people with RMD to participate in healthy and sustainable paid work.Methods:An international expert group, established by Eular in 2019, convened twice to agree on a protocol for the development of PtC. EULAR’s standard operating procedures were followed. The group (a) defined the target audience, (b) identified areas from which knowledge should be derived to enable formulation of the PtC, (c) agreed on a strategy to collect evidence, (d) established an international taskforce to formulate and agree on the PtC, and (e) proposed an implementation plan.Results:The target audience are professionals involved in clinical care for patients with RMDs as well as their organisations, persons with RMDs and their organisations, and administrators responsible for healthcare and work policies. Six knowledge areas are identified (Table). Depending on the specific knowledge area, strategies for collecting evidence comprise synthesis of published and grey literature, surveys among various organisations and collection of case studies from employers. Whenever evidence in RMDs is limited, evidence from other chronic diseases will be sought. The international taskforce includes experts from different disciplines in rheumatology (one in other chronic diseases), EU policy makers, and representatives of PARE, HCP, EULAR Public Affairs and EMEUNET. As part of the implementation, close cooperation with national professional and patients societies is planned. Additionally, results will be included in EULAR‘s activities at the EU policy level.Table 1.Knowledge areas and strategy to retrieve evidenceIn persons with RMDs:Sources of evidence1Is work relevant for the clinical outcome of diseaseLR; Review of managament recommendations and Care Standards2What are barriers and facilitators to enter or stay in the labor forceSLR3What is the effectiveness of interventions to enter or stay in the labor forceSLR; Survey among professional and patient organisations4Which social security systems are more effective when entering or staying in the labor forceLR5How does disease influence the cycle of workSLR; Grey literature6What (not) to do by employers to let patients enter or stay in the work forceSLR; Survey among large companies; case studiesLR: Literature review; SLR: Systematic literature reviewConclusion:The proposed initiative to develop PtC should ultimately result in improvement of healthy and sustainable labor force participation of people with RMDs.Disclosure of Interests:Annelies Boonen Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Suzanne Verstappen: None declared, Maarten Butink: None declared, Casper Webers: None declared, Neil Betteridge: None declared, Tanja Stamm: None declared, Dieter Wiek: None declared, Anthony Woolf: None declared, Gerd Rüdiger Burmester: None declared, Hans Bijlsma: None declared
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Iberahim, Hadijah. "Tourists’ Perception on Memorable Tourism Experience Towards Their Revisit Intentions to Islamic Tourism Destination in Shah Alam, Selangor". Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 1, n.º 2 (31 de mayo de 2013): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v1i2.9122.
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Identifying reasons and needs for skilled workers is an imperative managerial issue for multinational companies (MNCs) operating in foreign countries. This study examines factors that influence demand for skills at firm-level in response to external forces such as labor markets and technological change. The issue is important and urgent in the case of Malaysia, whereby the supply of skills is critically insufficient for high technology manufacturing MNCs. As an attempt to provide an insight into the issue of increasing demand for skilled workers, a comparative study on two Malaysian-based Japanese MNCs was undertaken. This exploratory study takes a qualitative approach to analyze data covering the period from 1980 to 2012. Findings show that besides the needs for technological change and constraints in labor markets, differences in firm measures have resulted to increasing demand for skilled workers. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications to international human resource management studies. The study extends knowledge on the impact of MNCs activities on human capital development.
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Griffith, David. "Social Organizational Obstacles to Capital Accumulation Among Returning Migrants: The British West Indies Temporary Alien Labor Program". Human Organization 45, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 1986): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/humo.45.1.12215l5310615778.
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Recent research on return migration has undermined the idea that international labor migration serves as a vehicle for economic development in labor-sending countries. This has led to the ascendance of a view of international labor migration as yet another form of exploitation of poor nations by wealthy nations, as migrants fail to accumulate capital enough to free themselves and their replacement generations from the migrant stream. This paper examines Jamaicans who migrate to the U.S. seasonally and annually to harvest sugar cane in south Florida and apples in the Northeast. It compares their capital holdings and primary economic activities in Jamaica with other Jamaicans who have not had the opportunity to migrate to the U.S. to work. These comparisons reveal few significant differences between the migrant and non-migrant groups and suggest that seasonal migration to the U.S. generally does not result in capital accumulation among the returning migrants. The lack of capital accumulation among the majority of the migrants is then explained by reference to their temporal and structural positions within and between peasant households in Jamaica, and their obligations to those households. Also discussed are those cases of migrants who, as the households to which they are obligated change over time, have been able to accumulate small-scale capital with their U.S. earnings. This paper contributes to the refinement of the use of the household as a unit of analysis in international labor migration studies.
Tesis sobre el tema "International labor activities – Case studies"
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White, David. "Labor Movement and State Fragility: The Case of the Yemen Arab Republic from Oil Boom to Gulf War". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1838.
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This thesis deals indirectly with the current crisis in Yemen by focusing on a period in the Yemen Arab Republic’s (YAR) history from the increased price of oil in 1973 to the outbreak of the Gulf war in 1990. I present the YAR during this period as a case study in labor exportation through which the state was made more vulnerable and was left unable to cope with the collapse of its remittance system. Labor emigration and remittance receipt prior to the Gulf war, in addition to fueling bureaucratic corruption in the YAR, enabled destructive change within the agricultural sector, inflation, national import dependency, and unsustainable urbanization – these structural weaknesses were temporarily masked by Yemen’s labor exportation and by a sustained flow of remittance funding. In 1990 expatriate worker remittances collapsed abruptly as a source of capital, with over a million Yemenis suddenly repatriated. The cases of Mexican and Filipino national labor emigration illuminate the absence of diversity in Yemenis’ immigration destination and the absence of any central orchestration on behalf of the state, in addition to the inability of remittance money to remain within local communities. The period of labor exportation left Yemen with structural fragilities that continue to be the core conditions gripping what today resembles a failed state. Currently Yemen is home to a complex network of actors in violent competition for central authority – yet any government that comes to exist in Yemen must ultimately consider the YAR’s experience with labor exportation from the early 1970s through 1990 as a basis from which to fully understand the underlying weaknesses of the state.
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Nepgen, Arnold. "The impact of globalisation on trade unions : Cosatu’s present and future engagement in international issues". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1951.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science. International Studies))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.The effects of ‘accelerated globalisation’ can not be denied when observing modern innovations shaping human life. Its development and consequent revolutionary impact is unlike any other in modern history. The last half of the twentieth century witnessed changes in exponential terms, such as informational and technological innovations that constantly redefine the way people function. This study focuses on the effect of globalisation on trade unions, paying particular attention to the formation of liberal economic conditions, the rise of global capital flows, and the diversification of workers, working conditions and employment patterns. Globalisation has led to the formation of new social, economic, and political conditions which have made it increasingly difficult for trade unions to function in traditional ways. At the heart of this lies the fundamental opposition of capital to labour, and increasingly so under conditions of global competition. Trade unions, are organisations that represent worker interests through solidarity and strength in numbers, traditionally at the national level but increasingly they are being challenged on a global level. Thus, due to various internal and external factors, the situation many unions find themselves in is one of survival instead of growth and influence. The case study of Cosatu was chosen due to the benefit of analysing the organisation’s past success as well as present situation. Although it has not been unaffected by the problems facing unions worldwide, it has managed to achieve some notable successes in the process. The practice of social movement unionism has been highly effective in mobilising under-represented groups, and is found to still be effective in South Africa, although at a diminished scale. It is imperative for all unions to restructure the way they function so as to incorporate previously marginalised groups, to utilise technology and globalisation to their advantage, and to educate potential new entrants to the labour market.
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Santa, Ritta Pietsch Majic Karla. "Intergroup Relations & Power : An ethnographic case study observing the multicultural staff of Cambambe, through the lenses of Psychology & International Relations Theories". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Filosofiska fakulteten, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-140922.
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This is an ethnographic case study, based in participant observation, which investigates and analyzes how the everyday relationships between Europeans, South Americans expatriates & Angolan nationals, are structured in a common transnational labor community in Angola, named Cambambe. This study investigates if there are any features of post-colonial power relations that affect and shape the interactions between those three communities. Thus, if the contemporary forms of relationship, as expressed by this community, can still be compared to that old hard power stereotype namely labor relations from the colonial past, or if those have changed with modernity. In doing so, this study equally analyzes not only how the interactions between the three communities is expressed in terms of identity, culture and ethnic belonging, but also how such expressions bring about tangible consequences for the groups relating to their social and institutional positions inside the working community. Furthermore, this study examines if the three group populations are able to go beyond their ethnic and cultural boundaries in order to create common zones of togetherness and empowerment, and if so, how these zones are shaped. To do so, the analysis observes how the intergroup perceives power into their relational context, focusing in four dimensions, namely; rationality, perceived justice, material resources and identity. Moreover, this is a multidisciplinary analysis which makes use of the theoretical lenses provided by the post-colonial theory, psychology of intergroup relations and power theories in international relations, to shed light into the understanding of contemporary labor communities and in the position of the post-colonial subjects in society in a North to South perspective.
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Rycx, François. "Collective bargaining, labour market performance, wage structures and poverty: an international perspective". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211604.
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Jones, Ann. "No truck with the Chilean Junta! : direct and indirect trade union internationalist actions, Australia and Britain, 1973-1980". Phd thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150377.
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When lorry drivers in Northampton slapped the stickers on their cabs declaring "No truck with the Chilean Junta!" they were participating in more than an isolated threat to boycott. They were expressing their identity as internationalists; upholding union traditions of internationalism; and showing support for union policy. Still, there was more: they were taking part in a symbiotic relationship with a social movement. Union action on extra-industrial campaigns is both a longstanding ideological imperative and a practice that predates the resurgence of social movements in the 1960s. Yet since its inception, the Chile solidarity movement had encouraged, planned for, enabled and used trade unions. This thesis compares two such movements in Australia and Britain from 1973-1980. Drawing upon a wide array of archival material and other sources in conjunction with extensive interviewing, this thesis places trade unions at the centre of the solidarity story. It records the actions that unions took for political gain external to their organisation and nation. Social movements, in this case Chile Solidarity Campaigns, were connected to unions by a range of social and institutional ties and organised their activities in an attempt to harness and maximise union support and power.
This thesis provides a series of previously unrecorded or under-recorded case studies of trade union political action. It attempts to define those actions in terms of direct and indirect actions, as characterising social movement or industrial national unionism and as stemming from the ideology of the old or new left. The case studies suggest five main findings. Firstly, that individuals, unions and the Chile Campaigns were locked together in a mutually supportive and legitimating cycle of action. In addition the relationship between unions, social movements and political structures was mediated by 'faddists' and other strategic individuals. Thirdly, that the threat to union core aims and use of union resources were inversely related to the likelihood of internationalist action. Furthermore, sometimes 'Chile' was embraced as a forum in which internal union struggle could be played out separate from industrial issues, and finally, that existing heuristic models and definitions of the relationship between trade unions and social movements need to be refined. Quite aside from these conclusions, this thesis has restored trade union international action to its rightful place in the history of the labour movement in the turbulent years from the fall of Allende to the rise of Thatcher. Important though they were, high profile strategic individuals and committed 'faddists' were a minority in the movement. The majority of those who expressed solidarity were trade unionists. These pages record some of their stories.
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Wang, An-Luen y 王安倫. "A study on labor rights in international mergers and acquisition – examination of case studies from Taiwan ,Hong Kong ,Germany ,U.S. and England". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g38w8h.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
事業經營法務碩士在職學位學程
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This research focuses on the comparison of labor rights in international merger and acquisition cases by looking at different nations/regions (five countries/regions including Taiwan, Hong Kong, Germany, the U.S. and England), different industries (high tech, international trade, machinery parts and components, automobile parts and components, medical equipment), different operating models (listed and non-listed companies) and different core operational values (original brands, regional distributors, distribution channel operators) with the objective of studying and comparing aspects such as the handling of labor procedures, response to labor laws, maintenance of labor rights and negotiations of working conditions in international mergers and acquisitions. In addition, the study will explore and compare labor rights in such merger and acquisition cases in terms of variables such as the formulation of strategies prior to and after the acquisition, the organizational design of international corporations, wage design, international talent management, cross-culture management, control mechanisms and others before presenting results and suggestions. The scope of the study covers the following areas: I. Development of business internationalization II. International corporate acquisitions and strategic blueprints III. Motivations for and models of corporate mergers and acquisitions IV. Corporate merger and acquisition laws, relevant labor laws pertaining to corporate mergers and acquisitions, safeguarding labor rights in corporate mergers and acquisitions V. Analysis and comparison of corporate merger and acquisition cases in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Germany, the U.S. and England in terms of pertinent labor laws, working conditions, group negotiation, labor rights, succession plans, cross-culture management and corporate governance. In addition, the conclusions from the analysis and suggestions will be supplemented with sections on “family enterprise,” “corporate governance,” and “succession plans,” as well as a “balance scorecard” and “HR scorecard” to wrap up the study. In light of the changes in global regional economics and the industrial development environment, “corporate merger and acquisition” has been acknowledged as the fastest way to integrate up/mid/downstream of a supply and demand chain. Not only that, it is also the preferred approach for international corporations to attain market oligarchy. The study found that in terms of laws and regulations pertaining to mergers, acquisitions and labor rights, the current state of domestic regulation in Taiwan is akin to a poorly assembled car. The fact is, Taiwan has fallen behind other developed nations in this area by a large margin, and this has resulted in a chronic disadvantage for domestic workers while talent has been driven to seek employment abroad. In the comparisons of corporate merger and acquisition cases in the aforementioned countries and regions, the study found that among developed nations, even though the U.S. adopts a similar employment termination system that is entirely unrestricted, relevant legislation functions to bind employers through group negotiations during the process of ownership transfer, such that the obligations of labor contracts and working conditions for all labor would automatically fall upon them; when employers wish to terminate workers’ employment contracts, they are required to go through the process of negotiation with unions and relevant groups before the termination can be carried out. The situation is even more apparent in Europe, where labor rights are even more rigidly protected during the process of ownership transfer, merger and acquisition. The study suggests that in a corporate merger/acquisition, should a company find excess manpower within the organization after a workforce inventory and not have suitable positions for this excess manpower, the company ought to give the employees in question a year for transitioning and adaptation. If the company deems it necessary to cut down on its workforce in its first year of merger/acquisition for any reason, the severance pay for workers in the first year should be doubled as a way to safeguard labor rights, as profit-seeking enterprises involved in a merger/acquisition are not only required to achieve effective operational performance but also fulfill their “corporate social responsibilities” as well as their objectives for “corporate governance.”
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Shih-chang, Chen y 陳世昌. "A Study of Integrated Marketing Communications of Sport Activities in government department –Two case studies of 2004 ING Taipei International Marathon And 2004 FIFA Futsal World Championship". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11180389186444644109.
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碩士世新大學
傳播管理學研究所(含碩專班)
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The idea of integrated marketing communication (IMC) was first introduced in the 1990's. With its popularity around the globe for over a decade, nuances of definition and model in various areas have been developed. Among them, American Association of Advertising Agencies (4A) defines it as: "The concept of marketing communication planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines (general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations) and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communication impact." Domestic and foreign literatures tackling corporations' application of IMC principles are none other than scarce. However, studies focused on non-profit organizations' (government's promotion of policies or activities) are still limited in terms of availability. In light of the fact that the ultimate purposes of government body, to serve people's needs and proffer satisfactory services, is not different from the private sector, IMC, which is suitable for businesses, should also be helpful in the planning, execution and review of the former's policy promotional as well as event activities. This study is an initial attempt at the two major sports events, ING Taipei International Marathon and 2004 FIFA Futsal World Championship, sponsored in 2004 by the Taipei City government, to examine the current situation and performance of government's use of IMC in its sports initiatives. The estimated number of participants that took part in ING Taipei International Marathon was over 90,000. As a matter of fact, Taipei just finished another "unprecedented" marathon event boasting of 50,000 runners held two months before. And now there were 40,000 more. The participation of the surplus 40,000 people should be regarded as a proof of successful use of IMC tactics in the event. This study will look at this sports marketing case to evaluate if implications of IMC actually existed, and whether the structure of IMC model was comprehensively represented in the marketing strategy of it. However, the press coverage for the other case is far cry. To name a few: "NT$60 million failed attempt to sponsor a FIFA Futsal World Championship was backfired by poor publicity and ignorance of people's preference in sport types"; "Lack of high-profile sports personalities and promotion. Judging from the box office and TV ratings, this not-so-famous 'World Championship' event just didn't deliver." This study will also discuss and find out if this failed case of sports marketing lacked IMC implications in terms of marketing strategy.
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Gebremichael, Tamrat Haile. "Organisational culture in internationally federated non-profit organisations : the importance of industry and governance". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25135.
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In the era of globalisation, organisations around the world have increasingly become stages of global diversity where multi-cultural workforces interact in teams on a daily basis. International organisations, in particular, are a characteristic display of cross-cultural interaction. The study of organisational culture in a multi-cultural organisational environment is receiving growing attention due to a pressing need to understand and manage the consequences of cross-cultural interaction and achieve better organisational outcomes. However, so far, studies in the area have focused on multinational for-profit organisations and neglected other industry and governance, missing opportunities for broader and richer understanding in the field. The present study covered a case of an internationally federated complex non-profit organisation and captured new insights, thereby contributing to theory and enriching the empirical evidence in the field of study. The results shed light on the importance of industry and governance, and provoked critical questions for further research. The unique features of non-profit and federated governance culture depicted the opportunities for cross-learning with other industries. The study highlighted the distinct formation of conventional cultural dimensions contributing to cultural cohesion and cushioning the federation against excessive fragmentation. The dimensions of institutional collectivism, in-group collectivism, power distance and uncertainty avoidance depicted interesting behaviours in the study context.
These dimensions dominated behaviour and have rendered other dimensions subservient. Cultural behaviours, such as cultural-anchoring and power grouping, transpired as unique findings to the industry and governance, where consensus and fragmentation have played integrative and accommodative roles. Dominant dimensions determined direction and intensity in subservient dimensions irrespective of values espoused by leadership in the subservient dimensions. The line between organisational politics and the ingroup collectivism dimension was blurred, calling for further research in the field of organisational behaviour. Further research in the field could focus on shaping organisational cultural dimensions fit for diverse industry and governance contexts, identifying areas of cross-fertilisation of learning, investigating the significance of dominant versus subservient dimensions in the process of organisational cultural change, and broadening the knowledge base in the field by studying diverse organisational typologies.Graduate School of Business Leadership (SBL)
D. B. L.
Libros sobre el tema "International labor activities – Case studies"
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Wedin, Åke. La "solidaridad" sindical internacional y sus victimas: Tres estudios de caso latinoamerianos. [Göteborg]: Instituto de Estudios Latinoamericanos de Estocolmo, 1991.
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Zampetti, Americo Beviglia. Globalisation of industrial activities: A case study of the consumer electronics sector. Paris: OECD, 1994.
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1943-, Anker Richard, Hein Catherine 1944- y International Labour Office, eds. Sex inequalities in urban employment in the Third World: A study prepared for the International Labour Office within the framework of the World Employment Programme with the financial support of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA). Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1986.
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Wedin, Åke. International trade union "solidarity" and its victims: The Costa Rican case. Stockholm: Institute of Latin American Studies, 1986.
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1950-, Chinloy Peter, Stromsdorfer Ernst W. 1934-, United States. Dept. of Labor. y Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada., eds. Adjustments in labor markets: An international comparison. [Santa Clara, Calif.?: University of Santa Clara, 1985.
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Fiona, Colgan y Ledwith Sue, eds. Gender, diversity and trade unions: International perspectives. London: Routledge, 2002.
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Robin, Cohen. Contested domains: Debates in international labour studies. London: Zed Books, 1991.
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Bernd, Reissert y Bruche Gert, eds. Unemployment insurance and active labor market policy: An international comparison of financing systems. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1992.
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Baskar, J. Paul. In search of milk and honey, migrant workers: A field study on international migration of workers from Tamil Nadu, India. Dindigul: Peace Trust, 2002.
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Michael, Whittall, Knudsen Herman 1947- y Huijgen F, eds. Towards a European labour identity: The case of the European Work Council. London: New York, 2007.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "International labor activities – Case studies"
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Hinzen, Heribert. "100 Years of Volkshochschule – 50 Years of DVV International. Local and global perspectives on adult education and lifelong learning". En International and Comparative Studies in Adult and Continuing Education, 199–211. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-155-6.14.
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Adult education has multiple histories in countries around the globe. In the case of Germany, the year 1919 is of high importance, as the Volkshochschulen (vhs)—literally translated as folk high schools, more broadly as adult education centres—became a constitutional matter. Today, they are the largest institutionalized form of adult education in Germany with millions of participants every year. In 1969, the ongoing international activities of the vhs were insti-tutionalized into what is known today as DVV International. This year’s celebrations are used for contextualizing the development of adult education and thus for remembering the past with a view to the future of our profession.
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Ricarte, Joana. "Conclusion: Unraveling the Cycle of Protractedness". En Rethinking Peace and Conflict Studies, 221–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16567-2_8.
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AbstractBy unraveling the dimensions and dynamics of the ‘cycle of protractedness’, the concluding chapter contributes to the development and reexamination of key concepts in the field of International Relations, providing a renewed analysis of the role of the Israeli-Palestinian protracted peace process in the conflict and its transformation. It concludes that, even though dehumanization dominates in ongoing conflicts, it is possible to identify activities undertaken by local and international actors in the societal level that have developed alongside—as a consequence—and within the very framework—as a desired outcome—of the protracted peace process. In terms of policy design and policy making, the findings of this book provide some clues for the intensification of new—underexplored—avenues for conflict transformation that favor reconciliation rather than reinforcing dehumanization. Although focused on a single case study, being that of Israel and Palestine, the findings of this research can be applied to other cases of protracted social conflicts by way of lessons learned.
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Urrea, Claudia, Kirky Delong, Joe Diaz, Eric Klopfer, Meredith Thompson, Aditi Wagh, Jenny Gardony, Emma Anderson y Rohan Kundargi. "MIT Full STEAM Ahead: Bringing Project-Based, Collaborative Learning to Remote Learning Environments". En Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 299–319. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_20.
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AbstractWith schools and educational centers around the country moving from in-person to emergency remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education faces an unprecedented crisis (Hodges et al., Educause Review 27, 2020). This case study presents the efforts and impact of Full STEAM Ahead (FSA) launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in response to the pandemic to support remote collaborative learning for K-12 learners, parents, and educators. We present two FSA initiatives: (1) weekly themed packages with developmentally appropriate activities for K-12 remote learning and (2) Full STEAM Ahead Into Summer (FSAIS), an online summer program for middle school Massachusetts students, specifically targeting students who are at risk for “COVID Slide.” (Institute-wide Task Force on the Future of MIT Education-Final Report: http://web.mit.edu/future-report/TaskForceFinal_July28.pdf?) Our operative theory of change is that we can improve K-12 remote collaborative learning experiences through developing and sharing a curriculum that exemplifies the minds-on and hands-on approach advocated by MIT, strategically leveraging existing structures and projects within MIT, and establishing partnerships with the local and international community. We gauge the effect of these efforts on contributing members of the MIT community and targeted learners by analyzing data gathered through participant surveys and artifacts such as the website, packages, modules, and student projects created during the summer programs. Our findings indicate that existing structures and resources – with community building – facilitated the achievement of our goal to develop and distribute problem-based learning activities and that interaction and community building were central in meeting those goals. This work contributes to the knowledge base regarding emergency online learning and the development of effective university outreach efforts.
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Urrea, Claudia, Kirky Delong, Joe Diaz, Eric Klopfer, Meredith Thompson, Aditi Wagh, Jenny Gardony, Emma Anderson y Rohan Kundargi. "MIT Full STEAM Ahead: Bringing Project-Based, Collaborative Learning to Remote Learning Environments". En Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 299–319. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_20.
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AbstractWith schools and educational centers around the country moving from in-person to emergency remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education faces an unprecedented crisis (Hodges et al., Educause Review 27, 2020). This case study presents the efforts and impact of Full STEAM Ahead (FSA) launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in response to the pandemic to support remote collaborative learning for K-12 learners, parents, and educators. We present two FSA initiatives: (1) weekly themed packages with developmentally appropriate activities for K-12 remote learning and (2) Full STEAM Ahead Into Summer (FSAIS), an online summer program for middle school Massachusetts students, specifically targeting students who are at risk for “COVID Slide.” (Institute-wide Task Force on the Future of MIT Education-Final Report: http://web.mit.edu/future-report/TaskForceFinal_July28.pdf?) Our operative theory of change is that we can improve K-12 remote collaborative learning experiences through developing and sharing a curriculum that exemplifies the minds-on and hands-on approach advocated by MIT, strategically leveraging existing structures and projects within MIT, and establishing partnerships with the local and international community. We gauge the effect of these efforts on contributing members of the MIT community and targeted learners by analyzing data gathered through participant surveys and artifacts such as the website, packages, modules, and student projects created during the summer programs. Our findings indicate that existing structures and resources – with community building – facilitated the achievement of our goal to develop and distribute problem-based learning activities and that interaction and community building were central in meeting those goals. This work contributes to the knowledge base regarding emergency online learning and the development of effective university outreach efforts.
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Natu, Sadhana. "Disha: Building Bridges-Removing Barriers: Where Excluded and Privileged Young Adults Meet". En International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 351–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_41.
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AbstractThe Chapter aims to detail out the need and process for setting up a Peer Support and Speak Out group in 1992 against the backdrop of early years of globalization in India. The chapter describes how the group has evolved, describing some of the activities and its outcomes. Case studies of Disha Coordinators (using narratives) place before the reader, both the challenges and vantage point views of student diversity. The coordinators are a mix from underprivileged and privileged backgrounds. In the last 27 years, Disha has managed to help students from diverse backgrounds (rural and urban poor, Dalit, Bahujan, urban upper middle class, international students) to come together and look at mental health issues from their varied locations of caste, class, gender, region and reconstitute their identities and look at life afresh. The chapter tries to document some of these rich insights and in doing so attempts to add to the value-based mental health practice from a small margin of the largest democracy in the world that is pushing and challenging the centre.
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Yeravdekar, Vidya y Nidhi Piplani Kapur. "Coping with Covid-19: Forging Creative Pathways to Support Educational Continuity Amidst the Pandemic". En Knowledge Studies in Higher Education, 111–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82159-3_7.
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AbstractThe pandemic has forced all educational institutions to grapple with challenges. Throughout this time Symbiosis International University (SIU) in India has been proactive in leading change not only at the university but also in K-12 schools. While the university transitioned to virtual teaching and learning, a methodical approach was laid out in assisting its eight elementary and senior secondary schools in both urban and rural areas, through the Symbiosis Schools Central Directorate (SSCD), to adapt to the needs of a public health crisis. While connectivity challenges continue to haunt schools, especially in rural areas, training and capacity building of K-12 teachers and administrators by university professors and experts has been a saving grace in navigating the pandemic.The focus of this case is understanding the parallels and the partnership between SIU and its K-12 schools. It reflects a bottom-up approach in dealing with the pandemic where Symbiosis Society, the non-profit organization that has established the schools as well as the University, invested in teacher capacity building at its elementary and secondary schools through its Symbiosis Schools Central Directorate (SSCD) in both rural and urban areas to ensure continuity of teaching and learning while adapting to this new normal. The investment in teacher capacity building has enabled the leadership to address the emerging circumstances, stimulate momentum to create or demand needed change at their institutions, inspire peer learning, and foster innovation in strategy and practice for the greater benefit of its stakeholders including students and parents.This case study reflects on SIU experiences in dealing with the dynamic circumstances such as training and capacity building with respect to supporting teachers in developing skills to adapt their content to virtual mode, blended learning, and integrating Collaborative Online International Learning (COIL) into the curriculum. In addition, SIU had to counsel students and parents to adapt to this new way of learning. SIU’s experience encompasses a coordinated approach of working with internal and external stakeholders to develop a response to the crisis, short-to-medium-term strategic planning in the face of uncertainty, exploring technology solutions, partnership management, and effective communication processes with its stakeholders. Special emphasis has been put on ensuring the mental and physical wellbeing of the learner, constant communication and guidance to parents, and virtual activities to promote community engagement to mitigate the loss of physical social interactions at this crucial time.
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Gaweł, Aleksandra, Katarzyna Mroczek-Dąbrowska y Maciej Pietrzykowski. "Digitalization and Its Impact on the Internationalization Models of SMEs". En FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 19–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11371-0_2.
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AbstractIn the European Union, SMEs represent as much as 99% of businesses, but only 3 out of 10 companies have some international involvement. EU policy makers perceive SMEs internationalization as a desired path for global growth; thus, they have put forward certain tools which aim to boost the pace and scope of internationalization, i.e., by creating and facilitating access to support activities, sharing information, promoting cluster and networking initiatives, making support schemes consistent throughout the EU, etc. (Della Corte, Handbook of research on startegic Management in Small and Medium Enterprises. IGI Global, 2014). However, a vital point in creating a successful internationalization framework requires understanding that SMEs internationalization models may and do differ from those of multinational enterprises (MNEs). SMEs have a different structure, and they act differently, since their aims vary from those of MNEs (Knight and Liesch, Journal of World Business 51(1): 93–102, 2016; Buckley, Journal of World Business, 51(1): 74–82, 2016).Former studies of European SMEs indicate that there are specific traits of company characteristics that determine their internationalization process. Amongst the distinguished factors, size, activities performed, age, and experience counted as the most significant determinants of the expansion. However, these findings refer to occurrences dating back at least 5 years. In the era of rapid digitalization and—still—ongoing globalization, the impact of these factors might have diminished, making place for others. Therefore, the rising importance of digitalization calls for the need to identify new barriers and opportunities for SMEs to become international.The aim of this chapter is to see whether and how digitalization has influenced the internationalization models of Polish SMEs. We do not provide quantitative analysis that would allow us to statistically verify hypotheses on that matter; however, given the recent developments of the business world and internationalization trends, we assume that digitalization has had an impact on how companies expand abroad nowadays. The study has a screening aim and should allow us to determine whether, in the case of the Polish context, the matter requires further pursuit. The remainder of this chapter is structured as follows: first, we discuss the internationalization models which commonly referred to the international expansion of SMEs. Secondly, we discuss how digitalization can influence the process and its determinants. Finally, we present our research results based on quasi-focus group discussion with Polish SMEs. The study concerned the impact the digitalization has on the internationalization experience of those companies.
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Yuan, Xiang, Qipei Mei y Xinming Li. "Integrating Real-Time Object Detection into an AR-Driven Task Assistance Prototype: An Approach Towards Reducing Specific Motions in Therbligs Theory". En CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 121–32. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.12.
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Due to challenges in filling vacant positions and the heightened demands posed on existing staff, employers and project managers are progressively considering the recruitment of inexperienced individuals and seeking strategies to swiftly provide them with essential job-specific knowledge. The potential of industrial AR has been widely researched to support workers in overcoming skill-related knowledge and enhancing industrial processes. However, most studies focus on demonstrating technology usability across different processes and overcoming engineering hurdles on a case-by-case basis. There is no direct benefit analysis on how AR assists construction tasks at human motion level, and how to eliminate the ineffective motions and reduce the duration of effective motions. To fill this gap, this paper first establishes an AR-based near real-time object detection system of small tools and components involved in task processes for egocentric perception of workers in the construction industry. Later, the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for scaffolding assembly activities is deconstructed from a manual process into Therbligs-based elemental motions. Finally, this research conducted a comparative study of two prototypes across four dimensions of evaluation. As a step forward in this direction, this paper renews the connotations of Therbligs theory under industry 5.0 era, rethinks the AR-assisted construction task processes, and applies appropriate technologies enhancing the adaptability of AR technology for construction workers’ needs
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Yuan, Xiang, Qipei Mei y Xinming Li. "Integrating Real-Time Object Detection into an AR-Driven Task Assistance Prototype: An Approach Towards Reducing Specific Motions in Therbligs Theory". En CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 121–32. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.12.
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Due to challenges in filling vacant positions and the heightened demands posed on existing staff, employers and project managers are progressively considering the recruitment of inexperienced individuals and seeking strategies to swiftly provide them with essential job-specific knowledge. The potential of industrial AR has been widely researched to support workers in overcoming skill-related knowledge and enhancing industrial processes. However, most studies focus on demonstrating technology usability across different processes and overcoming engineering hurdles on a case-by-case basis. There is no direct benefit analysis on how AR assists construction tasks at human motion level, and how to eliminate the ineffective motions and reduce the duration of effective motions. To fill this gap, this paper first establishes an AR-based near real-time object detection system of small tools and components involved in task processes for egocentric perception of workers in the construction industry. Later, the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for scaffolding assembly activities is deconstructed from a manual process into Therbligs-based elemental motions. Finally, this research conducted a comparative study of two prototypes across four dimensions of evaluation. As a step forward in this direction, this paper renews the connotations of Therbligs theory under industry 5.0 era, rethinks the AR-assisted construction task processes, and applies appropriate technologies enhancing the adaptability of AR technology for construction workers’ needs
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Gatto, Chiara, Maryam Gholamzadehmir, Marta Zampogna, Claudio Mirarchi y Alberto Pavan. "An Automated Framework for Ensuring Information Consistency in Price List Tendering Document". En CONVR 2023 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, 837–47. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/10.36253/979-12-215-0289-3.83.
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Effective cost estimation for tendering plays a critical role in the building construction process, enabling efficient investment management and ensuring successful execution of the construction phase. Traditional cost estimation procedure involves manual information processing to extract and match technical data from textual description construction resources. This activity requires practitioner deep experience and manual effort, often resulting in errors and, in the worst scenario, judicial disputes. In response to the increasing demand for structured information and automated processes, this study addresses the need for Public Administrations to achieve better control over the data contained in public tendering documents provided to practitioners. To fulfill this objective, a framework is proposed to automatically retrieve information from these documents, serving as a support tool to map items within the documents, highlight missing data, and critical semantic ambiguity. The designed framework aims to develop a tool for automatically identifying similarities between work items and their corresponding elementary resource items in Price List tendering documents. By leveraging the information retrieval NLP technique of cosine similarity through TF-IDF, a methodology was developed to support and facilitate practitioners' activities. Finally, the framework was tested on four case studies extracted from Lombardy Regional Italian price list documents showing that the resulting support tool is able to automate the analysis process and efficiently reveal inconsistency. The model successfully extracted and correctly matched the elementary resource to the corresponding work query in 75% of the cases where the elementary resource was present in the list. Additionally, the model proved to be a valuable tool in helping practitioners identify missing resources
Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "International labor activities – Case studies"
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Zawacki-Richter, Olaf, Kyungmee Lee y Eiman Elmasry. "Evaluation of Global Online Training Activities of the International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization (ITCILO) in 2020". En Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.979.
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This paper reports on an evaluation of the online training activities of the International Training Centre of the International Labour Organization (ITCILO) in Turin (Italy). The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the design, implementation and quality of training activities of ITCILO that were delivered in an online distance learning mode since the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020. The methodology for this evaluation included quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods to provide conclusions and recommendations from the findings, substantiated with statistical data and case studies documenting good practice. 1.284 responses from 151 different countries were collected from a participant's survey, and in-depth interviews were conducted with ITCILO's staff members (27), institutional clients (2), and participants (7). The results of the evaluation are reported in terms of training outreach, learning effectiveness, learner preference of the international online training activities. For example, the number of enrolments on the Centre’s training activities increased dramatically, caused by the rapid adoption of online training activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Subsequently, 75 % of the participants said they would prefer digital training activities (blended or fully online) in the future. However, internet connectivity is still a problem in many countries: 50 % of participants from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Oceania reported they had regular issues with internet connectivity that disrupted their learning. Based on the findings, ten recommendations for the further development of ITCILO's online training activities are presented.
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Stepanova, A. E., E. L. Poteryaeva y V. N. Semenova. "ON THE NEED FOR A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO THE STUDY AND ASSESSMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITIES". En The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-493-496.
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Abstract. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the need for an integrated approach to the study and assessment of the labor and health of teachers (using the example of teachers of educational institutions) based on the analysis of literature data and the results of their own sociological, hygienic, clinical, physiological, psychological and statistical research methods. Analysis of literature data, regulatory legal acts on the protection of the health of Russians indicates a different degree of attention to the participants in the educational process, about a certain «preponderance» in favor of the health of students in comparison with care for the health of teachers. It shows the presence of changes in the physical and mental health of teachers, some features of their formation, depending on the teaching experience, seniority, age. When analyzing the information, one-sidedness, fragmentation of studies, and inadequacy of preventive measures are revealed. Health-forming and health-preserving activities are mainly related to students. The conducted studies dictate the need to increase attention to the health and work of teachers based on the implementation of an integrated approach, as well as the need to change / clarify the legal regulation of pedagogical activity when conducting a special assessment of working conditions and when organizing medical care.
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Guo, Xingzhou, Xinran Hu y Yunfeng Chen. "Exploration of Back Exoskeleton’s Effectiveness on Transportation Maintenance Workers during Lifting Activities". En 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003044.
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Safety statistics from Indiana Department of Labor showed that the transportation and warehousing industry has the second highest number of reported occupational fatalities (26) in 2020. One major cause of occupational fatalities is ergonomic issues including excessive force, repetitive motion, and awkward posture. These ergonomic issues have already been extensively studied and corresponding solutions were developed for the building construction activities. However, transportation activities are different from building construction activities in duration, intensity, and frequency. In addition, there lacks studies exploring whether the proposed solutions to ergonomic issues of building construction could also solve the ergonomic issues of transportation activities. To this end, field experiments were conducted with 29 transportation maintenance workers between August 9th 2023 and September 23rd 2023 at a transportation maintenance unit of Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). Lifting bags of dry concrete mix was identified as the activity of top concern, according to (1) the perception of which activity most likely to cause an injury to back or shoulder, (2) the frequency of performing the activity, and (3) the number of historical sprain injuries caused by the activity. Therefore, the participants were asked to lift 12 bags of three different weight of dry concrete mix with and without a back exoskeleton. Specifically, three different weights of bags include: 80-pound bags (weight of bags that INDOT maintenance workers mostly use), 50-pound bags (weight of bags that INDOT maintenance workers sometimes use and which is recommended by Recommended Weight Limit equation under the ideal condition), and 31.5-pound bags (recommended weight of bags based on applying values from real lifting practice of INDOT maintenance workers into the Recommended Weight Limit equation). The participants need to lift bags from a pallet to a truck with liftgate, have a five-minute short break, offload those bags from the truck with liftgate to the ground, and then have a 20-minute long break. Skin conductance and heart rate, as the key indicators of physical fatigue, were measured during the lifting activity. In addition, perceived level of muscle exertion was also collected by using a Borg 6-20 scale during two experiment breaks of each trial for indicating level of fatigue risk level from low to very high. After performing a paired t-test of collected data, it shows that the back exoskeleton does not significantly help workers reduce physical fatigue risks while transportation maintenance workers lift 31.5-pound bags. However, the back exoskeleton can significantly lower the physical fatigue risks when transportation maintenance workers lift 50-pound bags and 80-pound bags. This study not only fills the gap of exploring the effectiveness of back exoskeleton implementation in transportation maintenance activities, but also provides evidence and practical recommendations for transportation workers, managers, and organizations that a back exoskeleton could reduce the level of fatigue risk when lifting materials with weight of 50 pounds and above.
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Selva-Royo, Juan Ramón, Nuño Mardones y Alberto Cendoya. "Cartographying the real metropolis: A proposal for a data-based planning beyond the administrative boundaries". En 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5261.
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Cartographying the real metropolis: A proposal for a data-based planning beyond the administrative boundaries. Juan R. Selva-Royo¹, Nuño Mardones¹, Alberto Cendoya² ¹University of Navarra, School of Architecture, Department of Theory and Design, University of Navarra Campus, 31080 Pamplona, Spain; ²University of Navarra, ICS, Navarra Center for International Development, University of Navarra Campus, 31080, Pamplona, Spain E-mail: jrselva@unav.es, nmardones@unav.es, cendoya.alberto@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Data planning, metropolitan areas, big data, urban extent, good governance Conference topics and scale: Cartography and big data Nowadays, there is a great gap between the functional reality of urban agglomerations and their planning, largely because of the traditional linkage of urban management to the administrative limits inherited from the past. It is also true that the regulation of urban activities, including census and statistical information, requires a closer view of its citizens that can only be addressed from the municipal level. In any case, it is clear that the metropolitan delimitation has met useful but often ethereal or exclusionary criteria (economic or labor patterns, functional areas...), which become disfigured by an administrative reality that does not always correspond to the real metropolis. This paper, aware of the new cartographic possibilities linked to the big data - CORINE Land Cover, SIOSE, multi-sector digital atlases (in many cases referred to the urban extent, etc.) and other open system platforms - explores the evidence that might base a new objective methodology for the delimitation and planning of large urban areas. Indeed, what if basic data for cities would arise not from administrative entities but from independent outside approaches such as satellite imagery? What if every single sensing unit (every citizen, company, building or vehicle) directly issued relevant and dynamic information without going through the municipal collection? Finally, the research analyzes the eventual implications of this data-based planning with administrative structures and urban planning competencies in force through some current case studies, with the purpose of achieving a more efficient and clear metropolitan governance for our planet. References (100 words) Aguado, M. (coord.) (2012) Áreas Urbanas +50. Información estadística de las Grandes Áreas Urbanas españolas 2012 (Centro de Publicaciones Secretaría General Técnica Ministerio de Fomento, Madrid). Angel, S. (dir.) (2016) Atlas of Urban Expansion (http://www.atlasofurbanexpansion.org) accessed 29 January 2017. Brenner, N. and Katsikis, N. (2017) Is the World Urban? Towards a Critique of Geospatial Ideology (Actar Publishers, New York). Florczyk, A. J., Ferri, S., Syrris, V., Kemper, T., Halkia, M., Soille, P., and Pesaresi, M. (2016). ‘A New European Settlement Map from Optical Remotely Sensed Data’, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 9, 1978-1992.
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Boufenara, Sabine, Kamel Barkaoui, Faiza Belala y Hanifa Boucheneb. "On Formalizing UML2 Activities Using TPNets: Case Studies". En Fifth International Workshop on Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems (VECoS 2011). BCS Learning & Development, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/vecos2011.13.
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Gaffar, Hazmi, I. G. A. A. Karishma Maharani Raijaya y Chotib Chotib. "Pattern of Labor Mobility Study Case: Fourteen Metropolitan Areas in Indonesia". En Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Strategic and Global Studies, ICSGS 2019, 6-7 November 2019, Sari Pacific, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-11-2019.2297266.
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Kudryashov, I. N., O. V. Belomestnova y O. G. Drugova. "WORKING ENVIRONMENT AND ADAPTIVE RESERVES OF WORKERS BY ORES MINING BODY". En The 17th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2023). FSBSI «IRIOH», 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-1-4-2023-1-256-260.
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Prolonged exposure to harmful working conditions can lead to depletion of adaptation mechanisms and the development of work-related diseases, among which diseases of the cardiovascular system (CVD) are of high socio-economic importance. The purpose of the study was to assess the working conditions and the state of the adaptive reserves of the body working in the extraction of ores. The working conditions, lifestyle factors, the adaptive potential of the CCC (AP) in workers of the main professions in underground and above-ground working conditions performing manual and mechanized operations were studied. Working conditions were characterized as harmful 1‑3 degrees. More unfavorable working conditions have been established for underground mining (Class 3.3) compared to surface labor (Class 3.1‑3.2). There is a reliable connection between AP and the nature of work, mechanization of labor, sports. Ground and manual labor, lack of sports activities cause greater stress on the mechanisms, increasing the risk of adaptation disorders.
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Márquez Garrido, Rocío. "LABOR INSERTION TROUGH SPECIALIZED TRANSLATION STUDIES. MASTER’S DEGREE IN SPECIALIZED TRANSLATION. GERMAN/SPANISH/FRENCH/ENGLISH CASE STUDY". En International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2017.1472.
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Popa, Luminita. ""ELECTRONIC SHEET OF PRACTICE" USED IN ROMANIAN STUDENTS' INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES". En eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-072.
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Practice in Romania universities is regulated by the Education Law, which stipulates the students' obligation to perform it. In the case of students' specialty professional practice at economic agents, the Labor Code has also provisions that apply to them. The Labor Code is completed by the other provisions of labor legislation in Romania, in harmony with EU norms and rules of international labor law. The orders of the Ministry of Education on professional practice stipulates that conducting internship in university programs is developed under the Framework Convention between the organizer of practice (university), practice partner (economic agent) and practitioner (student). The Electronic Sheet of Practice (ESP) requires also three different perspectives for student practitioner, faculty member (practice mentor) and economic agent. Using Electronic Sheet of Practic instrument, faculty members practice mentors can post their programs including students' practice results. The existence of such assessment tools and their use in accordance with the law governing the practice of students ensure professional assessment and uniformity of training, fostering their careers accessibility. Such tools, appropriate to each stage of specialty practice development, could be judiciously organized in the European Union countries. The need for such tools, which represent a support unit for the specialty practical training of students, is felt during this period in Romania, which, as its membership of the European Union, must find solutions to meet both commitments and to resolve social problems they face. The educational activities and products of the project, are evaluated favourably by the students who intend to continue their implementation, including in new projects development of the some aspects of the project developed.
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Jiang, Pingyu, Wei Cao, Qiqi Zhu, Yingbin Fu y Feng Jia. "Hand-Held Computing Devices for Industrial Applications: Some Case Studies". En ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28183.
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This paper deals with an approach to the modes and methods of using hand-held computing devices in industry. The basic concepts and cross-platform computing models related to the hand-held computing devices are described firstly. Then three key and fundamental enabling technologies, including sampling real-time data, implementing interoperations with different database, and supporting collaborative activities, are presented in detail so as to use such mobile devices for potential industrial applications. Thirdly, five typical cases of using hand-held computing devices in design, manufacturing and logistic are studied in depth. Through analyzing and discussing the cases, four viewpoints are put forward: (1) using hand-held computing devices to supporting industrial activities is feasible; (2) hand-held computing devices play an important role in collecting, querying, scanning and simply processing data; (3) integrating hand-held computing devices with desktop computing devices together is needed if a huge number of data are involved in industrial applications; (4) hand-held computing devices will be used more widely and deeply in the future.
Informes sobre el tema "International labor activities – Case studies"
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee y Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Songdo, Republic of Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007012.
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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. Songdo, as part of Incheon Free Economic Zone, is an iconic new smart city of Korea that hosts international business events and attract IT, biotech, ad R&D facilities. Its smart city initiative began in 2008 and is still ongoing with an aim for completion by 2017. The project is largely divided into six sectors including transport, security, disaster, environment, and citizen interaction while other services related to home, business, education, health and car are also being developed. Specialized service in Songdo includes smart bike services, criminal vehicle tracking and monitoring unusual activities through motion detecting technology while Integrated Operation and Control Center (IOCC) readily facilitates collaboration between various agencies and citizen engagement. Songdo smart city initiative is managed by Incheon U-city Corporation, a private- public partnership in order to secure funding for system operation through effective business model.
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van Aalst, Maarten. Addressing Climate Risk Management in IDB Operations: Options for Project Screening and Analysis, based on Emerging International Guidance and Practice. Inter-American Development Bank, diciembre de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009135.
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The paper intends to explain how ex ante climate proofing in the project cycle relates to other bank activities concerning adaptation to climate change, such as: (i) accounting and analysis for IDB reporting with respect to climate change, (ii) incorporating adaptation in country and sector-level programming, (iii) local and project-level pilot or case studies to gain practical experience, and (iv) capacity development within the IDB and its client countries.
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Triakina, Olga O., Olena O. Pavlenko, Nataliia P. Volkova y Darja Kassim. Usage of E-learning Tools in Self-education of Government Officers Involved in Global Trade Activities. [б. в.], noviembre de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2670.
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The article concerns the issue of e-learning tools implementation, including the Customs Learning and Knowledge Community electronic platform designed by the World Customs Organization and the Trade Facilitation Implementation Guide case studies collected by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, into the self-education process of current government employees (within in-service training) and future public officers (within master’s programs) connected with international trade transactions. The authors give a description of the content and characteristical features of existing e-learning instruments related to training of professionals in Customs and trade fields as well as of certain tasks developed by the authors. The efficiency of the abovementioned e-learning tools has been experimentally proved in the paper, which has shown that these tools promote the growth of the professional competence of government officers and give a great opportunity for them to be involved in life-long learning to acquire various professional knowledge and skills.
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van der Lijn, Jaïr, Gretchen Baldwin, Romain Malejacq, Adam Sandor, Pauline Poupart, Oumarou Makama y Oumarou Saidou. Assessing the Effectiveness of European Union Civilian CSDP Missions Involved in Security Sector Reform: The Cases of Afghanistan, Mali and Niger. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, mayo de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/hoer2676.
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The European Union (EU) has deployed a wide variety of civilian missions that have sought to advise, train and build the capacity of internal security sectors in host countries as part of its civilian Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). These missions constitute integral parts of broader international programmes of Security Sector Reform (SSR) in conflict-affected countries. Their strategic objective is to contribute to the development of a civilian security sector that is efficient and accountable, and enjoys the trust of the public. This report looks at three case studies: EUPOL Afghanistan (2007–2016), EUCAP Sahel Mali (2014–) and EUCAP Sahel Niger (2012–2024). All three have engaged in civilian SSR activities amid ongoing armed conflict, and operated in broader national and international counterinsurgency contexts. Each case study reflects on the key research question: ‘What contributions have EU civilian CSDP missions involved in SSR made to durable peace?’
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Szałańska, Justyna, Justyna Gać, Ewa Jastrzębska, Paweł Kubicki, Paulina Legutko-Kobus, Marta Pachocka, Joanna Zuzanna Popławska y Dominik Wach. Country report: Poland. Welcoming spaces in relation to social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability in shrinking regions. Welcoming Spaces Consortium, diciembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/welcoming_spaces_2022.
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This report aims to present findings of the research conducted in Poland within the Work Package 1 of the Welcoming Spaces project, namely “Welcoming spaces” in relation to economic viability, social wellbeing and political stability in shrinking regions. The main aim of the mentioned research was to examine how welcoming initiatives are organised and implemented in the selected shrinking localities in Poland. In particular, the creation of welcoming initiatives concerning social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability was assessed. To accomplish this objective, five localities were selected purposefully, namely Łomża (city with powiat status) and Zambrów (urban commune) in Podlaskie Voivodeship and Łuków (town), Wohyń (rural commune) and Zalesie (rural commune) in Lubelskie Voivodeship. Within these localities, 23 welcoming initiatives were identified, out of which 12 were chosen for in-depth research. The field research was conducted in all five localities between March and December 2021. During this period, the SGH Warsaw School of Economics team conducted 43 interviews with institutional stakeholders (representatives of local governments, schools, non-governmental organisations – NGOs, religious organisations and private companies) and individuals (both migrant newcomers and native residents). In addition, local government representatives were surveyed to compare their policies, measures and stances toward migrant inhabitants and local development. The research was also complemented with the literature review, policy documents analysis, and local media outlets discourse analysis. Until February 2022 and the outbreak of war in Ukraine, welcoming spaces in Poland were scarce and spatially limited to the big cities like Warsaw, Cracow, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Lublin or Białystok, governed by liberal mayors and city councils open to accept migrants and treat them as a valuable human asset of the city community. However, in smaller cities, towns and rural areas, especially in shrinking regions, welcoming spaces have been highly conditioned by welcoming initiatives carried out mainly by civil society organisations (CSOs). It is very likely that the war in Ukraine will completely change the situation we write about in this country report. However, this crisis and its consequences were not the subjects of our desk research and fieldwork in Poland, which ended in December 2021. As of late July 2022, the number of border crossings from Ukraine to Poland is almost 5 million and the number of forced migrants registered for temporary protection or similar national protection scheme concern 1.3 million people (UNHCR 2022). However, the number of those who have decided to stay in Poland is estimated at around 1.5 million (Duszczyk and Kaczmarczyk 2022). Such a large influx of forced migrants from Ukraine within five months already affects the demographic situation in the country and access to public services, mainly in large and medium-size cities1 . Depending on the development of events in Ukraine and the number of migrants who will decide to stay in Poland in the following months, the functioning of the domestic labour market, education, health service, and social assistance may significantly change. The following months may also bring new changes in the law relating to foreigners, aimed at their easier integration in the country. Access to housing in cities is already a considerable challenge, which may result in measures to encourage foreigners to settle in smaller towns and rural areas. Given these dynamic changes in the migration situation of the country, as well as in the area of admission and integration activities, Poland seems to be slowly becoming one great welcoming space. It is worth mentioning that the main institutional actors in this area have been NGOs and local governments since the beginning of the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine. An important supporting and coordinating role has also been played by international organisations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), which launched its inter-agency Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRRP) in early spring to address the most urgent needs of the population of forced migrants and their host countries in this part of Europe (UNHCR 2022a; UNHCR 2022b; UNHCR 2022c). Based on the number of newly emerged welcoming initiatives and the pace of this emergence, they will soon become an everyday reality for every municipality in Poland. Therefore, it is difficult to find more up-todate circumstances for the “Welcoming Spaces” project objective, which is “to rethink ways forward in creating inclusive space in such a way that it will contribute firstly to the successful integration of migrants in demographically and economically shrinking areas and simultaneously to the revitalization of these places”. Furthermore, the initiatives we selected as case studies for our research should be widely promoted and treated as a model of migrants’ inclusion into the new communities. On the other hand, we need to emphasize here that the empirical material was collected between March and December 2021, before the outbreak of war in Ukraine. As such, it does not reflect the new reality in Poland
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Lucas, Brian. Impacts of Trade Facilitation on Carbon Emissions. Institute of Development Studies, marzo de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.039.
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There is very little evidence that trade facilitation measures have a significant impact on carbon emissions, except in the case of trucks at land border crossings, where there is good evidence that trade facilitation can lead to significant reductions in emissions. There is good evidence that trade facilitation measures at land border crossings can reduce traffic congestion and waiting times for trucks, but only limited evidence of the impact of these improvements on carbon emissions. Computer models of inspection stations at the USA-Mexico border suggest that improving the efficiency of land border crossings through the driver, vehicle, and cargo pre-registration, automating inspection and administrative processes, and carrying out joint customs inspections could potentially reduce CO2 emissions from trucks by up to 86% in some cases. There appears to be no evidence available about whether trade facilitation efforts at seaports have an impact on carbon emissions; this issue appears to not have been studied by any ports, international agencies, or researchers. Some seaports have produced estimates of their carbon footprints, but none appear to have considered customs inspection or other activities related to trade facilitation as a distinct activity. Very few studies address the impacts of trade facilitation on carbon emissions across global value chains. Two studies that have done so suggest that trade facilitation measures could lead to small increases in CO2 emissions, ranging from less than 0.1% to 2.23%. Studies examining the more general relationship between increasing trade and carbon emissions, without specifically focusing on trade facilitation measures, have found mixed results including positive, negative, and inverse U-shaped relationships in different countries and groups of countries; several of these studies suggest that a country’s level of economic development and quality of political institutions influence the relationship between trade openness and carbon emissions.
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Kaawa-Mafigiri, David, Megan Schmidt-Sane y Tabitha Hrynick. Key Considerations for RCCE in the 2022 Ebola Outbreak Response in Greater Kampala, Uganda. Institute of Development Studies, noviembre de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.037.
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On 20 September 2022, an outbreak of the Sudan strain of Ebola Virus Disease – SVD – was announced as the first laboratory-confirmed patient was identified in a village in Mubende District in central Uganda. Uganda’s Ministry of Health (MoH) activated the National Task Force and developed and deployed a National Response Plan, which includes the activation of District Task Forces. The target areas include the epicentre (Mubende and Kassanda districts) and surrounding areas, as well as Masaka, Jinja and Kampala cities. This is of great concern, as Kampala is the capital city with a high population and linkages to neighbouring districts and international locations (via Entebbe Airport). It is also a serious matter given that there has been no outbreak of Ebola before in the city. This brief details how Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) activities and approaches can be adapted to reach people living in Greater Kampala to increase adoption of preventive behaviours and practices, early recognition of symptoms, care seeking and case reporting. The intended audiences include the National Task Force and District Task Forces in Kampala, Mukono, and Wakiso Districts, and other city-level RCCE practitioners and responders. The insights in this brief were collected from emergent on-the-ground observations from the current outbreak by embedded researchers, consultations with stakeholders, and a rapid review of relevant published and grey literature. This brief, requested by UNICEF Uganda, draws from the authors’ experience conducting social science research on Ebola preparedness and response in Uganda. It was written by David Kaawa-Mafigiri (Makerere University), Megan Schmidt-Sane (Institute of Development Studies (IDS)), and Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), with contributions from the MoH, UNICEF, the Center for Health, Human Rights and Development (CEHURD), the Uganda Harm Reduction Network (UHRN), Population Council and CLEAR Global/Translators without Borders. It includes some material from a SSHAP brief developed by Anthrologica and the London School of Economics. It was reviewed by the Uganda MoH, University of Waterloo, Anthrologica, IDS and the RCCE Collective Service. This brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.